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A while ago I posted a re-designed version of the classic Space Police 1 Set 6895 Spy Trak 1. At the same time I also built a Redux of the Galactic Peace Keeper from the same year. I think it turned out really great, with smooth curves, play functions, nice fold-out guns and everything, but it was one of those times where the photos stubbornly refused to show how cool the model looked. It’s all weird angles and drop shadows and misery. So frustrating.
Donemana, Donemanagh, Doneymana, Donnemanagh, Dunamanagh, Dunemanagh, Dunimana, Dunnamanagh or Dunnymana (historically spelled in numerous different ways) named after the townland of Dunnamanagh, from Irish Dún na Manach, meaning 'stronghold of the monks' is a small village in County Tyrone, Northern Ireland.
It is 7 miles (11 kilometres) North-East of Strabane, on the banks of the Burn Dennett (River Dennett) and at the foothills of the Sperrin Mountains. It is the largest of the thirteen villages in the Strabane District Council area and had a population of 593 in the 2001 Census.
The townland is situated in the historic barony of Strabane Lower and the civil parish of Donaghedy and covers an area of 130 acres in the province of Ulster.
The village, is situated in a deed and retired glen amidst the Mounterloney mountains [now better known as the Sperrin’s] and was established in the early 17th century as part of the Plantation of Ulster, instigated by James I in 1609.
A total of 59 Scottish landowners (or undertakers as they were known) received lands in the Plantation of Ulster. Most were minor lairds, though others, such as Ludovic Stewart, Duke of Lennox (b.1574 d.1624), and James Hamilton, Earl of Abercorn (b.1575 d.1618), were aristocrats and held important positions in the Scottish government. Many of the original grantees sold out early on. Some never even made it as far as Ireland. Others took their responsibilities seriously and built fortifications and introduced the required number of settlers to their estates.
According to the rules of his settlement, the whole county, which was estimated to contain 1571 balliboes, or 98,187 acres, being at the rate of 1000 acres to 16 balliboes, was divided into 78 portions, which, after deducting a portion for the church and some lands for Trinity College, Dublin, were granted to English and Irish undertakers, that is, settlers, who engaged to build, fortify, and stock the lands with British tenantry. Five borough towns, Dungannon, Clogher, Omagh, Strabane, and Mountjoy, were allowed a certain portion of the surrounding grounds; and another portion was assigned to some of the members of the O'Nial family [Irish: Ó Néill]. The Irish were distributed as tenants among the undertakers, the swordsmen were removed to the waste parts of Connaught or Munster, where they were to be dispersed and not permitted to settle together in one place.
Pynnar Survey 1689-19
On 28th November 1618 Captain Nicolas Pynnar (b.? d.1644) under King James I direction was issued with a commission to carry a new survey into the progress of the Plantation, he was engaged on this work from 1 December 1618 to 28 March 1619, 119 days in all. It appeared that the county was divided into the five precincts of Strabane, Omy [Omagh], Clogher, Mountjoy, and Dungannon, the first of these, Strabane, was allotted to Scotch undertakers, of whom those then in possession of the lands granted to the original patentees were Sir George Hamilton 3rd Earl of Abercorn (b. c.1636 d.1683), Sir William Stewart of Fort Stewart (b. abt. 1582 d.1646), Sir Robert Newcomen, 4th Baron Newcomen (b.1596 d.1672), and Sir John Drummond 5th of Boreland (d.1630)
Those granted land were required to build a fortification on their lands. The simplest type of fortress was known as a ‘bawn’ (from the Irish for ‘cow fort’). A bawn was a courtyard surrounded by strong walls and was usually square or rectangular designed as a place of refuge for settlers in case of attack. The most important of the new landlords were expected to build a strong castle as well as a bawn.
The publisher Samuel Lewis in “A Topographical Dictionary of Ireland” wrote in 1837,
“Donaheady, a parish, in the barony of Strabane, County of Tyrone, and province of Ulster, on the road from Strabane to Cookstown; containing, with the post-town of Dunamanagh, 10,480 inhabitants. The greater part of this parish was granted by James 1st to Sir John Drummond, who founded the town of Dunamanagh, and built a bawn 109 feet square, no part of which remains, as the bawn was removed some years since, and the modern building called the Castle was erected on its site.
It comprises, according to the Ordnance survey, 39,3983 statute acres, of which 28,728 are applotted under the Tithe Act, and valued at £10,271 per annum. There are about 154 acres of water, and 250 of bog; the remainder is arable and pasture land. There is abundance of excellent limestone, both for building and agricultural purposes, but the mountains are chiefly clay-slate”.
Earls Gift Historical Information
Earls Gift Castle has the appearance of a Georgian gothic dwelling or folly and as far as can be determined from the remaining structure, probably dates from the late eighteenth century.
Castle and Bawn ruin, consisting of a "double pile with a five-bay, 3 storey, South front with arched windows to the top floor & a fore standing round tower in the central bay". The North Western perimeter is still bounded by what seems to be the remains of foundations of a bawn wall.
According to the Natural Stone Database, the stone used is local Dalradian schist and Tyrone carboniferous sandstone.
Sir John Drummond 5th of Boreland (d.1630) was the man responsible of the establishment of Donemana town and Earls Gift Castle. His father was John Drummond, Fiar of Bordland (d.15 Dec 1582) who married Barbara Cunningham (d.?) on 12th December 1540, she was the daughter of Sir John Cuninghame [Cunningham], 15th of Glengarnock, [Ayrshire] who died in Dec 1595.
Sir John does not appear to have been a popular landlord, for Nicholas Pynnar’s Survey of 1619 reports that, “although there are many tenants on his lands, they have no estates [tenures] at all; insomuch that they, knowing I was in the country, came and complained unto me, and said that for these many years they could never get anything from him but promises; and, therefore, the most part of them are leaving the land. I desired the lady to show me their counterpaines, but her answer was that her Knight was in Scotland, and that she could not come unto them. but upon examination, I found there were 90 men of firittone [from Scotland] on the land." Sir John Drummond was styled as of the Rosses, in the parish of Oapprey [?], where he died in May, 1625 [alt.1630].
Sir John Drummond, 5th of Boreland, married Marjory (Marion) Hamilton on the 6 Nov 1601 in Edinburgh, she was the daughter to the John Hamilton, Laird of Blair (d. abt. 1630) and Grisel Sempill (d. Oct 1575)
Sir John sold the estate to John Drummond, Earl of Perth, and having purchased Kesh Castle in Co. Tyrone in Ireland and died childless in 1630. His only sibling, brother Malcolm (d.22 May 1650) 7th of Bordland (or Boreland) succeeded to the estate when he got a re-grant of the premises, which were created into a manor, to be called the manor of Castle Dormand.
Earls Gift Folklore?
Local folklore provides the following romantic and tragic story of events that surround the unfinished building of Earls Gift Castle. Sir John Drummond decided to build a castle near his home at Earls Gift and like most landlords of the time he also had a house in London. It was there that he met and fell in love with a beautiful French girl and they planned to marry and retire to the castle in Donemana when it was complete.
However, tragically the ship that was bringing Sir John’s betrothed to England was wrecked in a storm in the English Channel of the coast of Dover on 2nd November 1650 and all onboard perished.
I’ve not been able to find any on-line records of a ship wreck in the English Channel on or about the date stated. I’d also expect that a record would have existed if a ship had sunk especially one where all on board had died. So, it’s quite likely this story has been handed down through the generations and now forms part of local folklore?
Historic Maps & Surveys
It is shown on McCrea and Knox’s map of Tyrone dated 1813 as a castle in ruins, although the later Ordnance Survey map of 1832 does not so designate it, and in fact it is not described as a ruin on OS maps until the third edition of 1905. The first edition OS map appears to caption it, ‘Earls Gift’, but by the second edition it is ‘Dunnamanagh Castle’. No earlier maps were found to show the castle. The Townland Valuation (1828-40) lists ‘an old castle’ and tower giving dimensions and describing it as ‘not habitable’ although a valuation is given to it of £3.6s.
In a “Book of Survey and Distribution” dating from 1666 to 78, ‘Downemanagh’ is listed as the property of Sir William Hamilton (b. abt.1604 d.1662) Esquire of Elieston, Knight and Protestant. His descendant Sir John, Stuart Hamilton (b. c1740 d.1802) is mentioned several times in late-eighteenth-century correspondence between John James Hamilton Marquess of Abercorn (b.1756 d.1818) and his agent James Hamilton (b.? d.1806) as being in residence at ‘Donemanagh’ or occasionally ‘Earls Gift’ and it may be that the residence referred to is the current building.
On 19 March 1793, Hamilton writes, “Sir John [Stuart] Hamilton’s brother died last week at ‘Donemanagh’, his weight 42 stones. It took 16 planks to make his coffin…” and on 19 March 1798, “Your Lordship will be astonished when I tell you that Sir John Hamilton has subscribed his entire pension £300 a year towards the war [possibly, the Irish Rebellion of 1798?] and is living the life of a hermit at Donemanagh”.
James Hamilton’s letters also report Sir John’s (Stuart) Hamilton’s death in 1802 and speculate that his son the ‘Young Sir John’ [Sir John Charles Hamilton, 2nd Baronet] will be the last of the line. [Note: Sir John Charles Hamilton, 2nd Baronet was in fact the last Baronet, he died in 1818]. “If I can credit his surgeon and housekeeper, he will never leave an heir”. His agent proposes that Abercorn try to obtain the reversion of young Sir John’s estates. As far as can be determined from the correspondence, the son does not appear to have lived at Dunnamanagh, and it may be that the building began to fall into disrepair shortly after Sir John (Stuart’s) death.
It is thought that the following statement alludes to the 1st Baronet, Sir John Stuart Hamilton:
"When he was but nineteen, he was unanimously elected one of the representatives in Parliament for Strabane, in which high and honourable station he behaved for upwards of thirty years with a conduct suitable to the great confidence reposed in him. To his immortal honour he was one of those heroic patriots of fabrician fortitude, who signalized themselves in so conspicuous a manner in the successful defence of the pass, which in 1753 was strenuously attempted to be forced, in order to overthrow the parliamentary constitution of this country; for which they were distinguished from their opponents by their wearing gold medals in memory of that glorious epoch. And so sensible were his constituents of his singular merit and invariable principles in favour of his country, that at the late general election they unanimously re-elected him "to represent them in parliament; the goodness and benevolence of his heart endeared him to all, and render his death universally lamented. He is succeeded in his estate by John [Charles] Hamilton, Esq. (b.1745 to 1805 d.1818), his eldest son and heir."
The Hamilton’s
In the early 1600s Sir Claud Hamilton (b. abt 1579 d.1614) of Shawfield in Scotland, second son of Lord Claud Hamilton (b.1546 d.1621) Commendator of the Abbey of Paisley and a friend of the Earl of Abercorn. Claud, as an undertaker in the plantation of the county of Longford, he had 400 acres of land granted to him there, together with the small proportion of Eden [the estate and remains of the castle at Mount Castle] or Teadane and Killeny which occupied most of the eastern half of the barony and which were largely mountainous. They contained about 2000 acres in the barony of Strabane, Co. Tyrone, on which he built a strong and beautiful castle [possibly, Mount Castle, Donemana, a short distance from Earls Gift Castle], which, with other lands mentioned in the patent.
Sir Claud firstly married Janet Hamilton (b1583 d.1623) a daughter of Robert Hamilton of Leckprevick, she and Claud had no issue. Claud secondly Janet Hamilton (d.1613) Heiress of Leckprevick and Easter Greenlees she was the daughter of Sir Robert Hamilton of Manor Elieston (b. 1448 to 1568) in the County of Tyrone, and had six sons and two daughters.
1.Sir William (b.1604 d.1664), his heir
2.Alexander died 21 Nov 1587, aged 8 moths
3.Robert died before 1657
4.George died unmarried
5.Claud
6.James (died unmarried)
7.Grizzel Hamilton (m. Sir William Nisbit, Baillie of Lamington)
8.Margaret Hamilton (m. Sir John Stuart [Stewart] of Gorgonoch-Stewart of Methven)
After Sir Claud Hamilton death in 1614 the land was given to his eldest son Sir William Hamilton.
William, is buried in Bodoney parish church, Killeter, Castlederg, County Tyrone and was succeeded by his third son, Claud Hamilton (b. c1648 d. c1695)
Claud Hamilton (b.c1648 d.c1695), of Monterloney (near, County Tyrone, High Sheriff of County Tyrone, 1671 and 1683, who married Isabella Wingfield and had issue, with five daughters, Beatrix, Mary, Agnes, Margaret, and Rebecca and two sons, William, his successor and Claud of Strabane, ancestor of Hamilton Baronets of Woodbrook.
A castle, surrounded by a square bawn (fortified enclosure) was built by the Hamilton’s in Donemana around 1618-19, and was described at the time as ‘both strong and beautiful’. No trace of the castle survives, but it is believed to have been where the ruined eighteenth-century building known locally as 'Earls Gift Castle' now stands. The castle occupied a commanding position on the edge of a steep bank high above the Burn Dennett River.
In 1629 Sir William Hamilton renamed the estate ‘Manor Elliston’ after his mother’s home in Renfrewshire, Scotland.
In the course of the 1600s families from Britain, primarily from Scotland, settled in the district and their descendants are still numerous in the area today. Other Scottish surnames names found in this area over the past 400 years include Buchanan, Campbell, Colhoun, Galbraith, Henderson, Leslie, Lindsay, McCrea and McFarland.
The Hamilton family remained in possession of Dunnamanagh until the early 1800s. The last but one member of the family, Sir John Stuart Hamilton (b. c1740 d.1802) 1st Baronet of Dunamana, High Sheriff of County Tyrone 1764, MP for Strabane from 1763-97 and son of William Hamilton (d. est. between 1675 and 1735) of Dunamanagh, County Tyrone, MP for Strabane, 1733-62, and Catherine Leslie daughter of the Rev Dr George Leslie, of Ballyconnell House, County Cavan,
www.geni.com/people/Catherine-Hamilton/6000000005062062760
The demise of the estate is suggested as the result of the reckless expenditure of Sir John Stuart Hamilton. He was the rather ineffective MP for Strabane who was once described as a ‘man of small fortune and large stature, possessing a most liberal appetite for both solids and fluids.
The development of the village that we see today probably dates from the middle of the eighteenth century and is likely to have been associated with the rise of the linen industry in the area.
Sir John Stuart Hamilton 1st Baronet of Dunamana (b. c1740 d.1802), High Sheriff of County Tyrone, 1764, MP for Strabane from 1763 to 1797.
Sir John Stuart was the son of Sir William Hamilton of Manor Elliston (b.1604 d.1662) and Elizabeth (Johnston) Hamilton (b.1605)
Sir John Stuart Hamilton who married Sarah Hamilton (b. c1740 d.1770) on 20 November 1770 was the illegitimate daughter of Frederick Hamilton, 3rd Viscount Boyne (b.1718 d.1772 who is buried St. Paul's Church, Dublin, County Dublin) and his second wife Bridget Mooney (d.1771) and was the daughter of Lt.-Col. unknown Mooney who he married on July 1746 (This marriage was during the lifetime of his first wife, Elizabeth Hadley who he had married on 25 August 1737 at Chapelizod, County Dublin).
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After her marriage to Fredrick, Bridget Mooney was styled as Viscountess Boyne in July 1746. She died 1771, without surviving issue.
19th–Century Earls Gift Map and the Douglas Family
An early 19th–century map of the ‘Earl’s Gift’ Demesne showing lands near the town of Donemana, Co. Tyrone, in the parish of Donagheady and diocese of Derry.
The map had suffered the ravages of time, and was in need of urgent repair, but thanks to the expert intervention of Liz D’Arcy at the Paperworks Studio for Paper Conservation, and the availability of the Representative Church Body (RCB) Library’s Conservation Fund which allows for the urgent repair of historical items, this beautiful work of art has been brought back to life.
Clearly of significant independent means the Hon. Revd. Charles Douglas, and also benefiting from the grant funds available to him, he was able to commission a professional surveyor Robert Craig in 1830 to measure out his property, and draw the colourful survey map of the lands where he had laid out a house and planned demesne on the former ‘Earls Gift Castle’ estate, which had been associated in the 17th century with Sir John Drummond who laid out the original ‘Earls Gift Castle’ and town of Donemana.
The map depicts various field boundaries, and the location of townlands, including Tullyard, Black Park, Glebe and Benown where the original parish church of St Michael’s was located. As well as Earls Gift Castle, farmyards with stables and other outbuildings, landscaped garden, pleasure grounds and the association of over 95 acres of these lands.
Immediately to the North–East of these and connected by a road is the original parish church now known as St. Michael’s cemetery. Today this building is a ruin, having been replaced by St James Church (150m South West on the B49) after disestablishment when the original church had fallen into disrepair in 1879.
There has been an Anglican Church in the parish of Donagheady since the early 17th century, when a church at Church Hill, St. Caidinus (where the Old Donagheady Graveyard is located) was built during the plantation of Ulster. All that remains of this church is a few gable walls and a small graveyard.
Around 1788 a new church, St. Michael’s, Church of Ireland in the townland of Benowen, was constructed in what is now known as St. Michael’s cemetery and again a portion of the gable wall remains standing to this day. The church was consecrated 1838.
The final service held in St Michael’s was on 23 November 1879 and the preacher was the Rector, Rev. F J Clarke.
In 1870, Canon Clarke and church warden Henry Danton JP arranged repairs to the original parish church of St. Michael’s at Benowen, now known as St. Michael's Cemetery, the ruins of which lies nearby St James Church which is located about 150m on the right-hand side further on, NE from St. James Church, Donagheady on the B49 road from Donemana to Claudy.
An approach was made to Mr. Claud Ogliby (b.1851 d.1894) of Altinaghree Castle (Liscloon House) Donemanagh to request financial assistance, however Mr. Ogiliby refused this request but instead offered £500.00 towards the building of a new church, that of St James.
Mr. Claude Ogilby laid the foundation stone on St James Day, 25th July 1877 and the Church was consecrated on 28th November 1879 by Bishop of Derry and Raphoe the Rt. Rev. Bishop Nathaniel Alexander (b.760 d.1840).
Hon. Revd. Charles Douglas
The Revd. Charles Douglas (b.1791 d.1857) was Ordained in the Church of England; he came to Ireland as rector of Donagheady in 1825 and continued to serve there until retirement in 1857. He was the second son of Hon. John Douglas (b.1756 d.1818), who married on 4 Oct 1784 Lady Frances Lascelles (b 1762 d. 1817). John was the son of James Douglas (b.1702 d.1768), 14th Earl of Morton.
The Revd. Charles firstly married Isabella (Gore) Douglas (b.1786 and 1799 -d.1838) on the 2nd March 1816 she was the daughter of Arthur Saunders Gore (b.1734-d.1809 ), 2nd Earl of Arran (the Arran Islands) and Elizabeth Underwood (d.1829) who was the daughter of Richard Underwood and Christiana Goold.
Charles and Isabella had 11 children:
1. Anne Jane Douglas b.? d.10 Jan 1868 (m. 3 Jan 1843 Frederick Richard Surtees).
2. Augusta Frederica Douglas b. 22 Nov 1819 d.? (m. 15 Dec 1842 Henry Poore Cox).
3. Julia Mary Douglas b.? d.? (m. 20 July 1848 George James Montgomery).
4. Caroline Douglas b.? d.9 April 1908 (m. 17 Dec 1844 Edward Prothero).
5. Georgiana Frances Douglas b.? d.20 June 1844 aged 15.
6. Adelaide Charlotte Douglas b.? d.1903 (m. 30 Jan 1851 William Ogilby).
7. Louisa Emma Douglas b.? d.? (m. 29 Sep 1857 Charles Fox).
8. Captain William Grant Douglas b.1824 d.1898 aged 74 (Royal Navy).
9. Charles Edward Douglas b.1825 d.1842 aged 16 years.
10. Gordon James Douglas b.1835 d.1905 aged 69 (m. 12 Aug 1858 Louisa Turbett).
11. Claudine Douglas (b.? d.1842) aged 8
Hon. Revd. Charles Douglas, secondly married Agnes Julia (Rich) Gason on 28 Dec 1852 to 1857 without issue. Agnes was daughter of Captain J. S. Rich of Woodlands, Limerick. She died on 4 Nov 1916.
Interned at St Michael’s Church & Graveyard, Bunowen, Donagheady.
1. Hon. Revd. Charles Douglas (b.1791 d.1857) aged 65.
2. his wife Isabella (b.1786 and 1799 d.1838) aged 43.
3. son Charles Edward (b.1825 d.1842) aged 16.
4. youngest daughter Claudine (b.? d.29 Apr 1842) aged 8.
5. daughter Georgina Frances (b.abt 1829 d.20 June 1844) aged 15.
Captain William Grant Douglas married, firstly on the 16th December 1851, Elizabeth Inglis, daughter of William Inglis (d.1865), Elizabeth died in 1965 leaving 6 children.
1.Bessie Henriette Douglas d. 12 Oct 1938 who married Claud William Leslie Ogilby (1851-94) of Altinaghree Castle (Liscloon House).
2.Ada Charlotte Douglas b.1862 d.?
3.Mary Louisa Douglas d.1940
4.Margaret Caroline Douglas b.9 July 1859 d.25 Apr 1921
5.Maud Isabel Gore Douglas d.2 Feb 1934
6.Sholto Douglas d.?
Captain William married, secondly, on 6 June 1867, Elizabeth Frances Vesey (b. abt.1844 d.1919), daughter of Thomas Agmondisham Vesey (b.1812 d.1895) and Jemima Belford Gregg (b.1820 d. 1898), They had 3 children, a son: Sholto Osborne Gordon Douglas (b.1873 d.1937) B.A. (Oxon) Author of 'A theory of Civilisation' and two daughters, Maude Isabel Gore Douglas (b.1869 d.1934) and Margaret Caroline Douglas (b.1883 d. unknown)
Gordon James Douglas, married, 12th August 1858, Louisa Turbett (b.1837 d.1923) daughter of James Turbett of Owenstown, Dublin, and had one daughter, Isabelle Sophia Frances Douglas (b.1860 d.1914), she married Bedford Randolph Wilson
Connection with the Ogilby Family of Altinaghree Castle
William Ogilby JP (1808-73), of Altinaghree Castle (Liscloon House), Donemana, County Tyrone, married, in 1851, Adelaide Charlotte Douglas, daughter of the Hon. Rev. Charles Douglas of Earls Gift.
See my video and associated transcript “Altnachree Ogilby's Castle Liscloon House, Donemana Co. Tyrone 8 March 2020 v1”
www.youtube.com/watch?v=u7zEW6GHH3Q&t=3s&ab_chann...
Donagheady is a parish, in the barony of STRABANE, county of TYRONE, and province of ULSTER, on the road from Strabane to Cookstown; containing, with the post-town of Dunamanagh, 10,480 inhabitants. The greater part of this parish was granted by James I. to Sir John Drummond, who founded the town of Dunamanagh, and built a bawn 109 feet square, no part of which remains, as the bawn was removed some years since, and the modern building called the Castle was erected on its site. It comprises, according to the Ordnance survey, 39,3983 statute acres, of which 28,728 are applotted under the tithe act, and valued at £10,271 per annum. There are about 154 acres of water, and 250 of bog; the remainder is arable and pasture land. There is abundance of excellent limestone, both for building and agricultural purposes, but the mountains are chiefly clay-slate.
Many of the glens and banks of the rivers are covered with underwood, the remains of the extensive forests of Mounterlony. Formerly there were several bleach-greens in the parish, and a paper-mill near Dunamanagh, all of which are now unemployed; but the inhabitants unite linen-weaving at home with agricultural pursuits. The upper half of the parish, with the exception of the church lands, is in the manor of Elliston, the court for which is held at Gortin; and the lower half is in the manor of Donolonge [probably, Dunnalong], which was granted by James I. to the Earl of Abercorn. A court is held at Donolonge monthly, for the recovery of debts under 40s. There are several handsome houses, the principal of which are Earl's Gift, the residence of the Hon. Rev. Charles Douglas; Loughash, Lieutenant-Colonel John Pitt Kennedy (1796-1879); Tullarton House, of R. Bond Esq.; Glenville, of R. McRae, Esq.; Silver Brook, of J. Carey, Esq.; Black Park, of R. Ogilbye Esq.; Thorn Hill, of A. C. D. L. Edie, Esq. and the Grange, of T. Hutton, Esq.
The Board of First Fruits was an institution of the Church of Ireland that was established in 1711 by Anne, Queen of Great Britain to build and improve churches and glebe houses in Ireland. This was funded from taxes collected on clerical incomes which were in turn funded by tithes. The board was replaced in 1833 by the Board of Ecclesiastical Commissioners.
Glebe (also known as church furlong, rectory manor or parson's close) is an area of land within an ecclesiastical parish used to support a parish priest. The land may be owned by the church, or its profits may be reserved to the church.
A tithe is a one-tenth part of something, paid as a contribution to a religious organization or compulsory tax to government. Today, tithes are normally voluntary and paid in cash or cheques whereas, historically tithes were required and paid in kind, such as agricultural produce.
Living is a rectory, in the diocese of Derry, and in the patronage of the Marquess of Abercorn: the tithes amount to £1350. The Glebe-House was erected in 1792, by aid of a gift of £100 from the late Board of First Fruits: the glebe comprises 1192 acres. The church is a small neat edifice, half a mile west from the ruins of the old church; it is in the Grecian style, with a small cupola and a bell at the western end; and the Ecclesiastical Commissioners have recently granted £202 for its repair. In the R. C. divisions this parish is the head of a union or district, comprising Donagheady and Leckpatrick, and containing one chapel in the former and two in the latter: it is in the benefice of the dean of Derry. There are four Presbyterian meeting-houses, three of which are in connection with the Synod of Ulster, two being of the second class, and one with the Seceding Synod, also of the second class.
The male and female parochial schools adjoin the church, and are supported by the Marquess of Abercorn and the incumbent. At Loughash is a large and handsome school-house, erected at an expense of £200: the school is under the National Board, as is another at Lisnarrow [near Dunamanagh]. There are also schools at Killeany, Rusky [Rousky near Gortin), Tamnaghbrady, Tyboe [Donemana], Grange [Civil Parish of Ardstraw], and Ballyneuse; and an agricultural school at Loughash [near Donemana], supported by Capt. Kennedy. At Mount Castle [Civil Parish of Donaghedy], which gives the title of baron in the Irish peerage to the Marquess of Abercorn, are some fragments of a castle, built in 1619, by Sir Claude Hamilton, on an estate of 2000 acres, called Eden, which was granted to him by James I. It was the birth-place of Sir George Hamilton, who distinguished himself in the parliamentary war, and of his son, Gen. James Hamilton (b.c.1661 d.1734), afterwards 6th Earl of Abercorn, who commanded the Protestant Irish army against James II at Londonderry. Extensive ruins of the ancient church of Grange, which belonged to the abbey of Derry, exist on the banks of the Foyle. At Kildollagh [Coleraine] are some large artificial caves, formed of loose stones, with flagstones over them covered with earth; they are about a quarter of a mile long, and contain several apartments; there is a less perfect one at Gortmaglen.
Hurricane Debbie
Earls Gift or Donemana Castle was reportedly damaged during hurricane Debbie which was a moderate tropical cyclone which had significant impact when it hit Ireland on the morning of Saturday 16th September 1961, with gusts of 113 miles per hour, almost 182km/h, being recorded at Malin Head, Northern Ireland. On Monday September 18th, 1961, The Irish Times reported the storm had killed 15 people on the island of Ireland.
Davy Crockett's Da
A popular local song celebrates the claim that ' Davy Crockett's da (or father), John Crockett (b. c.1753 d. after 1802) came from Donemana'.
www.facebook.com/watch/?v=2799150686822749
An historical curiosity is the fact that the Crockett family are known to have fought on the Williamite side during the Siege of Derry (1689) before emigrating to North America. Davy Crockett (b.786 d.836) later fought at the Battle of the Alamo (23 February – 6 March 1836) during the Texas Revolution. As with most aspects of the Alamo battle, the exact details of the deaths of both James Bowie’s (b. c.1796 d. 6 March 1836) and Davy Crockett may never really be known? William Barret Travis (b.1 August 1809 d. 6 March 1836) died early in the battle from a single bullet in the head.
Earls Gift Castle Access
Sadly, public access to the Earls Gift site has not been provided therefore the site is only accessible by permission of the private house owners situated along the B49, Longland Road fronting the castle site.
Many thanks to Mr & Mrs Derick Gamble who provide me with access to the Earls Gift castle and Derick took me to Church Hill Graveyard.
Horse drawn carts used pick up garbage from the streets in Essaouira, on the Moroccan Atlantic coast.
Challenge #10:
Imagine you're a time traveler from a hundred years in the future.
Make a picture that shows how you perceive this place.
â Carolyn Drake
In 100 years I expect refuse and recycling collections will be almost if not all, fully automated. Rubbish will no longer be generated within the home as it will be all totally recyclable.
The Mark referred to in the title was a friend who used to foist himself on me with his marital problems. Despite trying to stay neutral (refusing to take sides with either him or his estranged wife) while supporting him as a friend (accomodating him twice in my flat and helping him move into a flat of his own) Mark turned on me and accused me of 'interfering' in his marriage and we haven't spoken since. I don't know what 'truth' Mark needed to see, I just wanted him to access it without involving me.
I built this from scratch out of sheets of styrene and some metal parts. It is built to 1:34 scale to match the model refuse trucks made by First Gear Diecast. It's nearly complete now, I just need to build a cart dumper and special order some of the decals, like the truck number and DOT numbers that need to be done in white lettering on clear decal paper, since I don't have that capability to do myself.
when I learned
that my uncle
had lost his mind
it was around the time
I was finding mine
what a wrench to the heart
what a strange way to start
stalled out when reality
refused to play its part
in your underwear in the snow
what a strange way to go
waiting on a voice
to tell you where to grow
but spring will not commit
to the subtlety of sanity
reality, the bore
spread eagle on the forest floor
gotta be a preacher or a busker
gotta reach right out
and touch her as she sleeps
the spirit of the silence
you can't keep
~ ~ ~
October 7, 2025
South Tremont, Nova Scotia
Year 18, Day 6540 of my daily journal.
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After the surrender of Singapore in World War II, a unit of British soldiers are marched to aJapanese prison camp in western Thailand. They are paraded before the camp commandant,Colonel Saito informs them of his rules; all prisoners, regardless of rank, are to work on the construction of a bridge over the River Kwai to carry a new railway line.
Their commander, Colonel Nicholson, reminds Saito that the Geneva Conventions exempt officers from manual labour, but Saito furiously orders everyone to work. At the following morning’s parade, Saito threatens to have the officers shot, and Nicholson refuses to back down. When Major Clipton, the British medical officer, intervenes, Saito leaves the officers standing all day in the intense tropical heat. That evening, the officers are placed in a punishment hut, while Nicholson is locked into ‘the oven’, an iron box, to suffer without food or water.
Clipton attempts to negotiate with Saito for Nicholson's release, but Nicholson refuses to compromise. Meanwhile, the soldiers are working as little as possible and sabotaging whenever they can. Saito is concerned that should he fail to meet his deadline, he would be obliged to commit seppuku (ritual suicide). Using the anniversary of Japan's great victory in the 1905 Russo-Japanese War as an excuse to save face, he gives in, and Nicholson and his officers are released to command their men.
Nicholson conducts an inspection and is shocked by what he finds. Against the protests of some of his officers, he orders Captain Reeves and Major Hughes to design and build a proper bridge, despite its military value to the Japanese, for the sake of his men's morale. The Japanese engineers had chosen a poor site, so the original construction is abandoned and a new bridge is begun 400 yards downstream, using better materials. His officers are concerned that this can be seen as collaboration, but Nicholson is determined that the job will be done as well as it can be done, and by British soldiers, not slave labourers.
Meanwhile, three prisoners attempt to escape. Two are shot dead, but United States Navy Commander Shears gets away, although badly wounded. After many days, Shears eventually stumbles into a village, whose people help him to escape by a boat. He reaches the Mount Lavinia Hospital at Ceylon.Before going back to US Major Warden asks him to volunteer for a commando mission to destroy the bridge. Shears is horrified at the idea and reveals that he is not an officer at all. He was an enlisted man, "a swab jockey" on the cruiser USS Houston. He switched uniforms on an island with the dead Commander Shears after the sinking of the Houston, to get better treatment. Warden already knows this, he has "Shears" US Navy record from CinCPac. "Shears" has been reassigned to British duty. Shears has no choice but to join Warden's unit, with the "simulated rank of Major".
Meanwhile, Nicholson drives his men to complete the bridge on time. He even volunteers his junior officers for physical labour, provided that their Japanese counterparts join in as well.
The commandos parachute in, although one is killed in a bad landing. The other three - Warden, Shears, and the Canadian Lieutenant Joyce reach the river with the assistance of Siamese women porters and their village chief, Khun Yai. Warden is wounded in an encounter with a Japanese patrol, and has to be carried on a litter. The trio reach the bridge, and under cover of darkness, plant explosives underwater.
A Japanese train carrying soldiers and important officials is scheduled to be the first to use the bridge the following morning and Warden plans to destroy both the bridge and the train. But the following morning, the river level has dropped, exposing the wires to the detonator. Making a final inspection, Nicholson spots the wire and brings it to Saito's attention. As the train is heard approaching, the two colonels hurry down to the riverbank to stop the potential destruction. Joyce breaks cover and stabs Saito to death; Nicholson yells for help, while attempting to stop Joyce from reaching the detonator. Shears swims across the river but he and Joyce are shot by Japanese soldiers, just before he reaches Nicholson. While attempting to provide covering fire for Shears, Yai is also killed.
Recognising the dying Shears, Nicholson exclaims, "What have I done?", and attempts to run towards the detonator. Warden fires his mortar, mortally wounding Nicholson. The colonel stumbles towards the detonator and falls on it as he dies, just in time to blow up the bridge and send the train hurtling into the river below. After exclaiming to the Siamese women that he had no choice but to kill the two commandos, because they otherwise might have been taken prisoner, Warden throws his mortar off the cliff and, with the women, begins the process of trying to get away.
As he witnesses the carnage, Clipton can only shake his head incredulously and utter, "Madness! ... Madness!"
(From: Wikipedia)
I read the book "Bridge over the Kwai" after watching the movie "Bridge on the river Kwai". Both were awesome, classic I must say. if you haven't read it yet do it fast. You wont regret.
Kochia Mora, Munshiganj. Bangladesh 2010
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Copyright: Adnan Arsalan
E-mail: adnan.arsalan@gmail.com
[All rights are reserved. DO NOT use, copy or download this image without proper permission. Using this photo without permission would be a violation of international copyright law.]
A Crane Carrier 31 cubic yard rear-loading refuse packer truck with Loadmaster body in-service with the Lakewood, Ohio Division of Refuse & Recycling.
super long (36" inseam) straight leg cut. metallic. low waisted. elasiticzed waist. strechy light-weight material, giving you bursting tight, shiny plastic-like (kinda looks like wet dolphin skin) look. these are great substitute for leather pants for rockers. (available at EBAY: stores.ebay.com/REFUSE-TO-BE-USUAL)
It was a particularly colorful morning, the sky ablaze in the civil twilight hours. The hour before the sun rises I prefer in some ways to the full blaze of the Sun on the horizon. The light is softer, the objects held in darkness come to life with the fresh light of the morning.
Sometimes, on mornings such as this I think of the movie "Wall Street"... Gordon Gekko on a cell phone strolling the beach talking to his protege, Bud Fox, telling him this was his wake up call. I just watched it recently so perhaps it is held in recent memory.
The past couple of weeks I've been patiently waiting for someone to get back to me, I've had plenty to do in the mean time, but if your at all like me, it does tend to irk a person when they make the effort to write a letter, only to be left with no response. I suppose we're all busy in some ways, but this may be for other reasons as well. It's a very serious matter as well!
In Minnesota, often times it is called the Minnesota Hint, the person not responding, for a variety of reasons, perhaps political, non committal, sticking their neck out, or whatever.
In other parts of the country though it is seen as though Minnesotans' are sometimes seen as rude for doing so. As the hinter presupposes that his view is Superior to the one that refuses to take the hint.
I've been thinking of opening up my photo stream to things alongside of photos, some things that perhaps irk me, etc. ... if the mood strikes me, perhaps this the first of many. I'll have to see how it goes I guess! : )
City of Oakwood, Ohio Public Works Department residential refuse & recycling collection operation. Cushman scooter has a divided hopper that automatically unloads refuse and recycling separately into the split-body CCC bpdy truck.
Norham Castle, near Berwick On Tweed, was founded in 1099 AD adjacent to the River Tweed. It suffered many attacks from the Scots and was abandoned after 1596 as Queen Elizabeth refused to spend any more money on it.
The painter, J.M.W. Turner painted the ruins in 1797 and returned several times after that.
Pickets march in the rain April 26, 1946 outside the bus depot of the Washington, Virginia & Maryland Coach Company (WV&MC--later WV&M) bus line at N. Quincey Street and Wilson Blvd. in Arlington, Va. on the first day of a strike by the Amalgamated Association of Street Electric Railway and Motorcoach Employees of America Division 1079 (later Amalgamated Transit Union Local 1079).
The 250 workers walked out after the company refused arbitration and issued a notice of termination of the existing contract.
The company, also known as the Arnold Bus Line after its owner Leon Arnold, refused to arbitrate the issue until a request for a fare increase was acted on by the Arlington Public Utilities Commission and promised to continue to pay the current pay and benefits while negotiations continued—although the workers would be without a contract.
The union was demanding raises for operators of 30 cents-per-hour and as much as 42 cents-per-hour for mechanics.
The company served about 1,250,000 passengers per month at the time in Arlington, Fairfax, Falls Church, Clarendon, Westover, Langley, McLean, Tyson’s corner, Vienna and Oakton with Washington, D.C. terminals at 11th Street between E and F Streets NW and at 9th and Constitution Ave. NW.
The strike took place against a backdrop of a nationwide strike wave 1945-46 following World War II that involved work stoppages by millions of workers. Workers’ wages in the country continued to be regulated by a war-era wage board despite the end of the conflict.
The strike was settled on May 3rd when the company acquiesced to the union’s demand for arbitration and an agreement to continue negotiations in the interim.
On May 23rd, a three member arbitration panel voted to award a 12 cent-per-hour increase with the union arbitrator dissenting.
This was not the end of the story, however. The government Wage Stabilization Board cut the pay increase to nine cents-per-hour on June 12, 1946.
Angry workers already felt cheated. The Capital Transit Company across the Potomac River in Washington, D.C. paid $1.14 per hour. The initial increase only brought them to $0.98 per hour, but was now cut to $0.95 per hour for operators.
However at a union meeting held at the Ballston Fire House, members defeated a motion to resume their strike and reluctantly accepted the outcome.
The WV&M company was eventually bought by D.C. Transit, but continued to operate as a separate company until acquired by the Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority (WMATA) in 1973. Local 1079 was also merged into the larger Local 689 at that time that represented transit workers in the District of Columbia.
The Arlington bus garage was closed in 2009 and ultimately demolished to make way for redevelopment in the town.
For more information and related images, see flic.kr/s/aHsmLVmtxd
The photographer is unknown. The image is a Washington Daily News photograph courtesy of the D.C. Public Library Washington Star Collection © Washington Post.
Here we see Joni dancing away in the newly "psychedelicized" dance floor in the Savoy Lounge. (To borrow a term from an old Chambers Brothers' song.). . . .
It is to be noted that this dance video was recorded on March 5, 2026, a mere 5 days after trump launched his sneak attack in conjunction with Israel against Iran. This "brief excursion", as trump called it at the time, got off to a great start as the initial assaults killed Iran's chief mullah Khomeini and virtually decapitated almost all of the upper echelon of the Iranian government's leadership. trump and Israel were hell bent on achieving a regime change in Iran by destroying the fanatical ruling Islamic Republic and replacing it with some type of democracy that was favorable to the interests of the United States and accepting of Israel's continuing survival. Not to condone Israel's participation in the attack, and Joni doesn't, but it must at least be recognized that Israel does have a very fundamental and existential problem with Iran, a nation which is dedicated to the proposition that Israel must be wiped off the map. As for the United States, whatever its fears and concerns about Iran might be, and however unacceptable and distressing the occasional and random Iranian-sponsored terrorist attacks may be, none of it amounts to an existential crisis.
To be sure, the USA does share Israel's concerns about Iran's ability to develop any kind of a nuclear weapon. . . However, according to trump, Iran's nuclear program had been completely destroyed by America's precision air and missile strikes last summer. Surely, trump didn't lie about that too, did he?? So one had to wonder what was the urgency for the March 1 sneak attack??
Regardless of the issue of urgency, there was no cause for alarm, as America's king of ignorance assured the nation that the USA had already won "trump war II" in the first hour of the conflict, thanks to a "perfectly executed" war plan; albeit one devoid of strategic concerns. There remained only a routine "clean up operation" that wouldn't take more than three weeks. So trump and his fox news' Weekend Update war-mongering Secretary of Defense Hogshit took multiple victory laps to the bewildered applause of his maga base, only some of whom seemed to recall a trump campaign promise that trump's Amerika would not become engaged in any foreign wars, but I guess if one read the fine print, that promise apparently only applied to the Ukraine's war of aggression against Russia.
Fortunately, Joni is not a graduate of Hillsdale College, that bastion of Christian Nationalism and high brow maga intellectaulism, so Joni wasn't buying any of the spin foaming from the mouth inside the Oval Office. Fully cognizant of the truism that everything trump touches eventually turns to shit, Joni confidently waited for "Operation Epic Fury" to morph into "Operation Epic Futility." It turned out it didn't take long at all before the Iranians, despite being mercilessly bombed by the USA, were able to gain the upper hand by simply shutting down the Strait of Hormuz, thereby cutting off more than 20% of the world's oil imports and more, thereby holding the entire world-wide economy hostage in the process.
The rest has been history as trump keeps issuing pathetic statements about how the Iranians are desperate to make a deal to restore peace, or risk biblical annihilation, when in fact, it is he who is the desperate party, and he keeps hinting that the end of the war he started was/is imminent, while the original three week war drags on without any resolution. The war is now more than three months old with no end in sight. Three years would be a more realistic, if not optimistic, timeline, as the Iranians prefer to play the long game . Recall that the Iranians refused to deal with Jimmy Carter during the Hostage Crisis, but rather waited until Reagan was inaugurated, who promptly gave them what they wanted, and like magic, the hostages were freed. . . It should be noted that the Iranians early on stated a clear preference for negotiating with v.p. vance as opposed to trump. vance, unlike trump, has actually met face to face with Iranian representatives, and Allah only knows what they discussed in private. Perhaps the Iranians know something about a regime change in Washington, D.C, that most Americans don't?? Being first in the line of succession to Amerika's throne, would it be beneath that ambitious hillbilly vance to stab trump in the back by beseeching the cabinet members to invoke the 25th Amendment thereby making himself POTUS??. . . . "Et tu, jd?"
Frankly, none of this comes as a surprise to Joni, nor should it come as a surprise to anyone else who has not been maga brainwashed. trump is completely delusional and totally unhinged, as his recent conduct and statements clearly document. Overlooking the fact that trump should have been serving a life sentence all along for the treachery, he orchestrated on January 6, 2021, he now clearly belongs in a strait jacket in an institution for the criminally insane. If you saw his recent interview this past weekend on "Meet the Press", as well as his recent comments about inflation and the economy, then you know what I mean. . . . In the later stages of World War II, the Nazi generals finally realized that Hitler had become unglued when he started to order them to activate 'reserve" armies and Panzer divisions and move them forward to the front lines. The only problem being that the units in question had already surrendered or had been previously annihilated, or never even existed. trump, in his own way, has come to the same delusional fantasy land that even his most loyal sycophants in the cabinet can't ignore. . . . Okay, maybe "Little Marco" Rubio can, but even he should agree that trump should no longer have access to the nuclear codes!!
It's a truly pathetic situation, but what is it that a woman like Joni is supposed to do?? . . . Well, Joni decided to maintain her sanity and dress up en femme and go out somewhere in Orlando on a Wednesday night. . . . You know, somewhere she "could forget all her troubles and forget all her cares, and go downtown" to the Savoy Lounge!! Joni's loyal followers may recall that Joni had initially planned to visit the Savoy Lounge on the previous Saturday evening, only to walk away when confronted by an overflow crowd and a $15.00 cover charge. Now a Wednesday night might not seem like an ideal night for a girl who likes to dance, but the admission was free, and wonder of wonders, Joni discovered that the house DJ was on duty and the dance floor was open! Even more amazing, Joni discovered that the Savoy Lounge had upgraded and "psychedelized" the dance floor since her last visit nearly a year ago. Not only were there more lights and lazers, but a large screen had been added upon which mind-blowing images were projected that generally defy description, but left one with the sense that they were on an LSD trip, not that Joni would know. The concert footage in this video was very tame compared to some of the other stuff that was projected on other videos that Joni recorded, although it was fun to have a simulated audience while dancing. Unfortunately, those other videos remain on Joni's cell phone, but she hasn't been able to successfully transfer them to her computer yet, but maybe someday. . . .
In any event, while trump and the rest of the world is going to hell in a hand basket, Joni chooses to remain above the fray by enjoying her feminine moments and dancing the night away! Really, what else can a T-Girl do???
I've been under some pressure from my son to upload this photo of his little collection of refuse lorries. The maroon Matchbox is one from my younger days. The Lego was a recent acquisition and does a good impression of the current Dennis or whatever many authorities use nowadays. The large Playmobil one was a lucky find in a charity shop, interesting to see they've recently re-issued it.
Dutch postcard, no. 550. Photo: Warner Bros.
American film star Bette Davis (1908-1989) was one of the greatest actors in world cinema history. She dared to play unsympathetic, sardonic characters and was reputed for her performances in a range of film genres, from contemporary crime melodramas to historical and period films and occasional comedies. Her greatest successes were her roles in romantic dramas.
After appearing in Broadway plays, Davis moved to Hollywood in 1930. Her early films for Universal were unsuccessful or she only had a small role, such as in James Whale's Waterloo Bridge (1931). Davis was preparing to return to New York when actor George Arliss chose Davis for the female lead in the Warner Brothers picture The Man Who Played God (John G. Adolfi, 1932), which would be her 'break' in Hollywood. Warner Bros. signed her a five-year contract. The role of the vicious and slatternly Mildred Rogers inOf Human Bondage (John Cromwell, 1934) earned Davis her first major critical acclaim. She established her career with several other critically acclaimed performances. For her role as a troubled actress in Dangerous (Alfred E. Green, 1935), she won her first Oscar. In 1937, she attempted to free herself from her contract and although she lost a well-publicized legal case, it marked the beginning of the most successful period of her career. In Marked Woman (Lloyd Bacon, 1937), she played a prostitute in a contemporary gangster drama inspired by the case of Lucky Luciano. For her role she was awarded the Volpi Cup at the 1937 Venice Film Festival. Her next picture was Jezebel (William Wyler, 1938), and during production Davis entered a relationship with director William Wyler. The film was a success, and Davis' performance as a spoiled Southern belle earned her a second Academy Award. Dark Victory (Edmund Goulding, 1939) became one of the highest grossing films of the year, and the role of Judith Traherne brought her an Academy Award nomination. The Private Lives of Elizabeth and Essex (Michael Curtiz, 1939) with Errol Flynn, was her first colour film. To play the elderly Elizabeth I of England, Davis shaved her hairline and eyebrows. Davis was now Warner Bros.' most profitable star, and she was given the most important of their female leading roles. Her image was considered with care; she was often filmed in close-ups that emphasized her distinctive eyes.
Until the late 1940s, Bette Davis was one of American cinema's most celebrated leading ladies, known for her forceful and intense style. Davis gained a reputation as a perfectionist who could be highly combative, and confrontations with studio executives, film directors and co-stars were often reported. After The Letter (William Wyler, 1940), William Wyler directed Davis for the third time in Lillian Hellman's The Little Foxes (1941), but they clashed over the character of Regina Giddens. Taking a role originally played on stage by Tallulah Bankhead, Davis felt Bankhead's original interpretation was appropriate and followed Hellman's intent, but Wyler wanted her to soften the character. Davis refused to compromise. Her forthright manner, clipped vocal style and ubiquitous cigarette contributed to a public persona which has often been imitated and satirized. In 1941, she became the first female president of the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences and a year later, she was the co-founder of the Hollywood Canteen. Her best films include the women's picture Now Voyager (Irving Rapper, 1942) and Watch on the Rhine (Herman Shumlin, 1943). In 1947, at the age of 39, Davis gave birth to a daughter, Barbara Davis Sherry (known as B.D.) At the end of the 1940s, her box office appeal had noticeably dropped and she was labelled 'Box Office Poison'. Then producer Darryl F. Zanuck offered her the role of the aging theatrical actress Margo Channing in All About Eve (Joseph L. Mankiewicz, 1950). During production, she had a romantic relationship with her leading man, Gary Merrill, which led to marriage. Her career went through several of such periods of eclipse, and she admitted that her success had often been at the expense of her personal relationships. Married four times, she was once widowed and thrice divorced, and raised her children as a single parent. Later successes include the Grand Guignol horror film What Ever Happened to Baby Jane? (Robert Aldrich, 1962) with Joan Crawford, and the follow-up Hush… Hush, Sweet Charlotte (Robert Aldrich, 1964) with Olivia de Havilland. Her final years were marred by a long period of ill health, but she continued acting until shortly before her death from breast cancer, with more than 100 films, television and theatre roles to her credit. She was the first person to accrue 10 Academy Award nominations for acting, and in 1977, she was the first woman to receive a Lifetime Achievement Award from the American Film Institute. One of her last films was Lindsay Anderson's film The Whales of August (1987), in which she played the blind sister of Lillian Gish.
Source: Wikipedia.