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Colonial Sugar Refining Co (CSR) 0-4-0ST No.19 reverses back into Statfold Junction station whilst running round its train ready for another departure, 5th April 2025.
Locomotive History
No.19 is a two foot gauge 0-4-0ST locomotive built in 1914 by Hudswell Clarke, Leeds (Works No. 1056} and supplied to the Colonial Sugar Refining Co (CSR) of Fiji. It was withdrawn in 1960 and put on static display at the mill apart from a brief return to steam in 1978 for the mill's 75th anniversary celebrations. It arrived at Statfold in May 2012 and was back in steam in the spring of 2013.
When I was refining the design, I tried to think of some accessories for the robot. Here's a ukulele, an electric guitar with an amp and a cable, and a music face. Like the flower pot, the amp is square with rounded edges to match the style of the robot.
The instruments may very well look like other people's work - that's not intentional, there aren't a lot of ways to build proper music instruments at this scale.
Instructions will be released on rebrickable in the coming months, and I will show more accessories in the next few weeks.
W.A.L.T. will be available for preorder on bricklink starting February 16th. :)
Arila verfeinert ihre Jagdtechnik mit Hilfe von ihrem Bruder Makar als Beute
Arila refines her hunting technique with the help of her brother Makar as prey
Colonial Sugar Refining Co (CSR) 0-4-0ST No.19 reverses back into Statfold Junction station whilst running round its train ready for another departure, 5th April 2025.
Locomotive History
No.19 is a two foot gauge 0-4-0ST locomotive built in 1914 by Hudswell Clarke, Leeds (Works No. 1056} and supplied to the Colonial Sugar Refining Co (CSR) of Fiji. It was withdrawn in 1960 and put on static display at the mill apart from a brief return to steam in 1978 for the mill's 75th anniversary celebrations. It arrived at Statfold in May 2012 and was back in steam in the spring of 2013.
Refining the design of our next 16cm BJD articulations. His/her name will be TRÉBOL, and will be soon available!
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Perfeccionando el diseño de las articulaciones de nuestra próxima BJD de 16cm. Se llamará TRÉBOL y estará disponible muy pronto!!
A quick microscale build inspired by Moctagon Jone's sweet little Mars Mining Colony. Looking at it now, I realize how much I was inspired by it...
Anyway, it was a fun little build, and it reminded me how long it's been since I built some good ol' microscale :)
Enjoy!
Taken at Great dixter gardens in Sussex
One of the most familiar insects in the world is the Honeybee. This member of the insect order Hymenoptera plays a key role in the human and natural world. More has been written about honeybees than any other species of insect. The human fascination with this insect began thousands of years ago when people discovered what wonderfully tasty stuff honey is!
Honey is a thick liquid produced by certain types of bees from the nectar of flowers. While many species of insects consume nectar, honeybees refine and concentrate nectar to make honey. Indeed, they make lots of honey so they will have plenty of food for times when flower nectar is unavailable, such as winter. Unlike most insects, honeybees remain active through the winter, consuming and metabolizing honey in order to keep from freezing to death. Early humans probably watched bears and other mammals raid bee hives for honey and then tried it themselves. Once people found out what honey was, next they had to learn how to get it from the bees safely!
Honeybees have a bright color pattern to warn potential predators (or honey thieves!) that they have a weapon to defend themselves. Their weapon is a modified ovipositor (egg-laying tube). This is combined with a venom gland to create a stinger (formally known as an aculeus) located at the end of the abdomen. Because the stinger is modified from a structure found only in females, male bees cannot sting. When the hive is threatened, honeybees will swarm out and attack with their stingers to drive the enemy away.
Honeybees, like most insects, look at the world through compound eyes. These are made of hundreds of small simple eyes called ommatidia. The images received by all the ommatidia are put together in the insect's brain to give it a very different way of seeing the world. To see the world the way a bee does, check out Andrew Giger's B-Eye web site in the links section.
Honeybees are social insects. In the wild, they create elaborate nests called hives containing up to 20,000 individuals during the summer months. (Domestic hives may have over 80,000 bees.) They work together in a highly structured social order. Each bee belongs to one of three specialized groups called castes. The different castes are: queens, drones and workers.
There is only one queen in a hive and her main purpose in life is to make more bees. She can lay over 1,500 eggs per day and will usually live less than two years, although there are a few records of queens living longer than that. She is larger (up to 20mm) and has a longer abdomen than the workers or drones. She has chewing mouthparts. Her stinger is curved with no barbs on it and she can use it many times.
Drones, since they are males, have no stinger. They live about eight weeks. Only a few hundred - at most - are ever present in the hive. Their sole function is to mate with a new queen, if one is produced in a given year. A drone's eyes are noticeably bigger than those of the other castes. This helps them to spot the queens when they are on their nuptial flight. Any drones left at the end of the season are considered non-essential and will be driven out of the hive to die.
Worker bees do all the different tasks needed to maintain and operate the hive. They make up the vast majority of the hive's occupants and they are all sterile females. When young, they are called house bees and work in the hive doing comb construction, brood rearing, tending the queen and drones, cleaning, temperature regulation and defending the hive. Older workers are called field bees. They forage outside the hive to gather nectar, pollen, water and certain sticky plant resins used in hive construction. Workers born early in the season will live about 6 weeks while those born in the fall will live until the following spring. Workers are about 12 mm long and highly specialized for what they do, with a structure called a pollen basket (or corbiculum) on each hind leg, an extra stomach for storing and transporting nectar or honey and four pairs of special glands that secrete beeswax on the underside of their abdomen. They have a straight, barbed stinger which can only be used once. It rips out of their abdomen after use, which kills the bee.
If you want to see a 3-D model of a worker bee click on the picture. - NOTE: This is a 1.3 meg file! - (Save the animation to your hard drive [right click, save target as, etc.] to watch later. That way you can do other stuff while it is downloading.) Note the flattened area on the hind leg - this is where the pollen basket is located.
If you want to see more 3D insects, visit the
web site of Alexei Sharov.
The 3-D bee is best viewed with Quicktime Player.
Click here QT logo.jpg (2689 bytes) if you don't already have it.
3DB!
Close-up view of the honeycomb
Photo by P.O. Gustafson
(see links below)
The central feature of the bee hive is the honeycomb. This marvel of insect engineering consists of flat vertical panels of six-sided cells made of beeswax. Beeswax is produced from glands on the underside of the abdomens of worker bees when they are between 12 and 15 days old. House bees take the beeswax and form it with their mouths into the honeycomb. The cells within the comb are used to raise young and to store honey and pollen.
The comb is two-sided, with cells on both sides. As you can see, the cells are perfectly uniform in shape. Not only that, but the combs are built a precise distance apart depending on whether they are meant to contain food or young bees. The nursery area of the hive is called the brood comb, and that is where the queen lays her eggs.
Flower nectar is one of two food sources used by honeybees. The other is pollen. Both are gathered by the field bees as they fly about on their daily foraging flights.
Honeybees are important pollinators
As the field bees forage for nectar, pollen sticks to the fuzzy hairs which cover their bodies. Some of this pollen rubs off on the next flower they visit, fertilizing the flower and resulting in better fruit production. Some plants will not produce fruit at all without the help of honeybees. In the United States alone, it is estimated that honeybees accomplish 1/4 of the pollination needed for all fruit produced for human consumption - an estimated $10 billion worth of work each year!
The field bees stop periodically to groom themselves and collect the pollen onto their pollen baskets. They remove this load from their legs when they return to the hive and the house bees store it in a special part of the comb. The pollen provides protein and other essential nutrients for the bees.
Honeybee loaded with pollen
Photo by P.O Gustafson
(see links below)
There are four different species of honeybee in the world:
The Little Honeybee (Apis florea) - native to southeast Asia
The Eastern Honeybee (Apis cerana) - native to eastern Asia as far north as Korea & Japan
The Giant Honeybee (Apis dorsata) - native to southeast Asia
The Western Honeybee (Apis mellifera) - native to Europe, Africa and western Asia
Cave paintings in Europe indicate that early peoples were harvesting honey 8,000 years ago. The next step in human/honeybee relations came when people started keeping bees in man-made structures rather than just going out and searching for wild hives. The ancient Egyptians were beekeepers and their methods were copied throughout the Mediterranean and Middle East. They used the Western Honeybee, and that is the most widely used species today. The Eastern Honeybee was also domesticated long ago in China. The other two species of honeybee do not nest in cavities and so were not suited to being put into hives. The subject of beekeeping is beyond the scope of this web page. For more information, see the links below.
Top of page
What are "Killer" Bees?
More properly called Africanized Honeybees, these come from a subspecies of honeybee (Apis mellifera scutellata) released accidentally in Brazil in 1957. They were imported from South Africa by a researcher who was attempting to produce a variety of honeybee better adapted to the tropics than the European Honeybee.
Unfortunately, Africanized Honeybees not only produce honey better in hot climates, but they are also much more aggressive at defending the nest. Many people have been killed by mass stinging resulting from getting too close to a nest of Africanized honeybees. The escaped bees did well in the wild and began reproducing and expanding their range across South America into Central America and Mexico. They were recorded in Texas in October 1990, California in November 1994 and Oklahoma in 2004. Since they are adapted for tropical conditions, they may not expand their range beyond the southern part of the U.S., but that remains to be seen. They can tolerate up to 3 1/2 months of freezing weather.
Distribution of Africanized Honeybees in the U.S.
1990-2011.
Distribution of Africanized honeybees in the U.S.
Graphic from the Carl Hayden Bee Research Center.
Visit their web site to learn more about Africanized Bees!
WHAT IS COLONY COLLAPSE DISORDER?
Colony collapse disorder (or CCD for short) refers to a mysterious malady affecting domestic honeybees that causes them to leave the hive and not return, leading ultimately to death of the colony.
First noticed in late 2006 in North America, CCD has been the focus of much research to try to determine what is causing it. Pathogens, parasites, environmental toxins and even cell phone transmissions have been the subject of investigation.
As of this writing (November 2007) the one factor that has been identified as being uniquely associated with CCD is a virus known as Israeli Acute Paralysis Virus (IAPV). It is not proven yet that IAPV is the sole cause of CCD, but it is found in nearly all hives affected by CCD. A possible scenario is that CCD is triggered by various stress factors in bees infected with IAPV. Research is currently underway to test this hypothesis.
For more information on CCD, see the Mid-Atlantic Apiculture Research and Extension Consortium website.
www.ento.psu.edu/MAAREC/ColonyCollapseDisorder.html
FOR MORE INFORMATION ON BEES:
An excellent source of more information on honeybees and other bees is the:
Carl Hayden Bee Research Center in Tucson, Arizona
Texas A&M University also has a lot of honeybee information.
Visit that web site
Albert Needham has a very comprehensive site on bees and beekeeping at:
Bees Online
P. O. Gustafson is a beekeeper in Sweden who took the honeybee photos used on this page.
Visit his web site
Dave Green has lots of information on beekeeping, bees and other pollinating insects at:
Pollinator.com
Visit the PBS web site for the NOVA television program on honeybees.
Tales From the Hive
The National Center for Appropriate Technology has a detailed reference on native North American bees available for purchase at the:
NCAT web site
Billy says this is a cool link! Take a Honeybee Trivia Quiz!
OTHER TYPES OF BEES
There are over 25,000 kinds of bees in the world.
About 3,500 different species are known from North America alone!
Some of the more noticeable types are listed below.
Bumble Bees!
Bumblebee on zinnia
Bumblebee visiting a Zinnia flower
There are about 50 different types of Bumblebees (Bombus sp.) in North America. Much larger than other bees, some species are over an inch long. They are densely covered with yellow and black
(and sometimes red) bands of hairs.
The long mouthparts of bumblebees allow them to gather nectar from flowers that have their nectaries buried deep within the petals, such as red clover.
They are social nesters, although their society is not as highly ordered as that of honeybees. In contrast to honeybees, nests are made anew each spring by solitary queens who hibernate through the winter.
The large bumblebees seen in the spring are queens looking for food and a place to start a new colony.
They will often take over an abandoned field mouse nest for their own. Laura Smith has posted a lot of information about bumblebees at her web site.
Another good site for bumblebee information is maintained by the Xerces Society.
Carpenter Bees!
Carpenter bees resemble Bumblebees, but they may be recognized by their dark, shiny (hairless) abdomen. The common North American species east of the Rocky Mountains is Xylocopa virginica.
They are solitary nesters and make their nest by chewing tunnels into wood. Often people will notice them burrowing into the rafters of barns or outbuildings.
On a quiet day you can hear the bee at work as she chews her way into the wood with her strong mandibles. The hole is 1/2 inch in diameter and goes straight in about 2 inches before branching at right angles into the brood chambers.
The males are sometimes encountered patrolling near a nest in a distinctive bobbing flight. This can lead to some anxious moments if you are suddenly confronted with a large hovering bee only a few feet in front of you!
The bee is looking for a mate, however, not a fight, and since it is a male it cannot sting you anyway! Male carpenter bees have a white face. Learn more about Carpenter Bees from University of Kentucky Entomology.
Sweat Bees!
This family of small, often metallic-colored bees has about 500 species in North America. They are primarily solitary nesters, but some show a degree of social behavior. Only a few species in the genus Lasioglossum are attracted to sweat.
They are just after water and do not want to sting, but they will if you purposely or accidentally squeeze them. Their food consists of the normal bee diet of pollen and nectar. They typically dig a vertical burrow in the ground with side chambers for the eggs.
Leaf-cutting Bees!
Leaf-cutter bees (Megachile sp.) are a type of bee which has the interesting trait of chewing little circles out of leaves or flower petals and using these to construct small, thimble-shaped nests in a dry, protected location.
They are typically dark in color with bands of whitish hairs running across the abdomen and range in size from 5 - 25 mm. There are 130 species in North America. Both leaf cutters and mason bees (see below) are superior pollinators compared to honeybees.
One leafcutter bee will do the same amount of pollination as 20 honey bees!
To learn more, read what the USDA Agricultural Research Service has to say about the Alfalfa Leafcutter Bee.
Mason Bees!
Mason bees (Osmia sp.) typically use the abandoned tunnels of wood-boring beetles for their nest. These small bees are not social. Mason bees mate immediately after hatching in the spring.
The female then searches for an appropriate hole or crevice to build her nest. After preparing a brood chamber, she gathers pollen and nectar until she has enough to feed a larva to adulthood.
Then she lays an egg and closes the chamber with mud. She repeats the process until the tunnel is completely filled and caps the tunnel with an extra-thick plug of mud. She will repeat this process until she dies in early summer.
The mature larvae pupate and overwinter in their nursery cells. Mason bees are closely related to the Leaf-cutting bees.
To gather pollen, they both use a brush of hairs on the underside of the abdomen (called a scopa) instead of pollen baskets on their legs.
There are 140 species in North America. You can find out more about Mason Bees from the North Carolina Extension service and the Wikipedia entry for the species..
Link-
As I continue to learn and refine my photographic skills I find myself turning back to my archives and there within lives a treasure trove.
Shots I once didn't know how to use I have ideas for, problems I couldn't solve are now solvable. Scenes I couldn't do justice to I can now present in their full glory. Case in point this scene of the Arc De Triomphe which for all my trying two years ago when I took this photo I could never get to look anything but flat and lifeless but now feels vibrant and energetic.
An important reminder, I think, never to discard photos hastily I think. Even so you must keep moving forward and so this week I head to Melbourne to explore my own back yard further.
Cheers, Chris
Place: Zhaoxing, Liping County, Qiandongnan Miao and Dong Autonomous Prefecture, Guizhou Province
Chinese name: 江淮瑞风M4 (jiānghuái ruìfēng M4)
Year of launch: 2016
JAC Motors (Jianghuai Automobile) is a Chinese state-owned automobile and commercial vehicle producer and was established in 1964. JAC started producing the Starex in cooperation with Hyundai in the early 2000s (JAC Refine), but their relationship was soon terminated. Another company, Huatai (later renamed Hawtai in English translation) made the Terracan and Santa Fe under license, but in 2007 JAC came up with their own Santa Fe, the Rein, featuring a (not so) unique front and rear end (in Lexus RX-fashion). In the same year JAC finally gained rights to produce passenger cars. Its first car was the large and unsuccessful Binjoy (Binyue) sedan, which was immediately launched in 2007. It was followed by a couple of impressive new models: the Tojoy (Tongyue) in 2008 and Hojoy sedan (Heyue), Hojoy RS (Heyue RS) MPV and Joyjoy (Yueyue) small car in 2009. Their later launched have never quite reached this level anymore. The Hojoy RS was refreshed in 2013 and renamed Refine M2 in 2015.
The Refine MPV range currently consists of the Refine M1 (similar to the old Starex), Refine M2 (previously Hojoy RS), Refine M3, Refine M4 (based on the old Starex, but with new body) and M5.
Place: Longsheng Various Nationalities Autonomous County, Guilin, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region
Chinese name: 江淮瑞风M3 (jiānghuái ruìfēng M3)
Year of launch: 2014
JAC Motors (Jianghuai Automobile) is a Chinese state-owned automobile and commercial vehicle producer and was established in 1964. JAC started producing the Starex in cooperation with Hyundai in the early 2000s (JAC Refine), but their relationship was soon terminated. Another company, Huatai (later renamed Hawtai in English translation) made the Terracan and Santa Fe under license, but in 2007 JAC came up with their own Santa Fe, the Rein, featuring a (not so) unique front and rear end (in Lexus RX-fashion). In the same year JAC finally gained rights to produce passenger cars. Its first car was the large and unsuccessful Binjoy (Binyue) sedan, which was immediately launched in 2007. It was followed by a couple of impressive new models: the Tojoy (Tongyue) in 2008 and Hojoy sedan (Heyue), Hojoy RS (Heyue RS) MPV and Joyjoy (Yueyue) small car in 2009. Their later launched have never quite reached this level anymore. The Hojoy RS was refreshed in 2013 and renamed Refine M2 in 2015.
The Refine MPV range currently consists of the Refine M1 (similar to the old Starex), Refine M2 (previously Hojoy RS), Refine M3, Refine M4 (based on the old Starex, but with new body) and M5.
Original model (bottom) from 2:1 rectangle, next one from 4:1 and top one from 8:1.
All rectangles 52 cm length and 4 iterations hex grid.
…refining more and more this fascinating alternative print technique, saltprint
8x10 film printed on Berggercot320 paper
Borace gold toned
pencil on a3
When doing the creative process (developing and refining ideas) I never conceptualize what I do. everything flows according to the thoughts and feelings of the moment, After they become new - they think about the finished image and try to describe the object.
For example, if this picture is not given a narrative it will look brutal, horror and cruel like in DARK ART and I try not to get caught on the side of the art.
"... This depicts a PEREMPUAN (woman) who is able to injure herself for the happiness of her beloved children. She will do everything she can for her love for the family to give life and kindness. In the pandemic season, when life goes downhill to Zero, many men are cut off from work. company. It keeps turning and running and the economy at the lower levels is still moving, moving through the COVID -19 storm. The word "PEREMPUAN" comes from the old Javanese word EMPU which means: sir, noble. Because of my tenderness I also melted, because of weakness I also collapsed. ... "
Sometimes narration is needed for imaging (representation or reproduction of an object form) an image to condition positive or negative and lead opinions for the audience.
----------------------------------------rant 73 Febro.08,2021
Place: Guangzhou, Guangdong Province
Chinese name: 江淮瑞风M3 (jiānghuái ruìfēng M3)
Year of launch: 2014
JAC Motors (Jianghuai Automobile) is a Chinese state-owned automobile and commercial vehicle producer and was established in 1964. JAC started producing the Starex in cooperation with Hyundai in the early 2000s (JAC Refine), but their relationship was soon terminated. Another company, Huatai (later renamed Hawtai in English translation) made the Terracan and Santa Fe under license, but in 2007 JAC came up with their own Santa Fe, the Rein, featuring a (not so) unique front and rear end (in Lexus RX-fashion). In the same year JAC finally gained rights to produce passenger cars. Its first car was the large and unsuccessful Binjoy (Binyue) sedan, which was immediately launched in 2007. It was followed by a couple of impressive new models: the Tojoy (Tongyue) in 2008 and Hojoy sedan (Heyue), Hojoy RS (Heyue RS) MPV and Joyjoy (Yueyue) small car in 2009. Their later launched have never quite reached this level anymore. The Hojoy RS was refreshed in 2013 and renamed Refine M2 in 2015.
The Refine MPV range currently consists of the Refine M1 (similar to the old Starex), Refine M2 (previously Hojoy RS), Refine M3, Refine M4 (based on the old Starex, but with new body) and M5.
Spitzenleistungen kommen nicht von ungefähr
Du möchtest dein Handicap verbessern?
Repitio est mater studiorum - Übung macht den Meister
Die Wiederholung ist die Mutter aller Bemühungen
„Wiederholung ist die Mutter der Studien.“
Wiederholung ist die Mutter des Studierens.
studere - (lat.)
studieren - im Sinne von sich intensiv beschäftigen mit, danach streben
- bekannt ist vom STUDENTEN:
studere litteris - sich wissenschaftlich betätigen
aber: Neutralitäts-Prinzip
sine ira et studio - ohne Hass und Parteilichkeit
ohne Ansehen der Person, gegen Vetterleswirtschaft, gegen Bestechung, keine Vorteil gewähren.
Sine ira et studio wird vielfach als Aufforderung an eine wertfreie Geschichtsschreibung – oder an die Wissenschaft allgemein – zitiert.
##
define: Handicapping - Handicap sportif
Handicapping, the various methods of leveling the outcome in a competitive sport or game
ein Handicap bestimmen - verschiedene Methoden anwenden, um das zu erwartende Ergebnis im Sport oder Spiel von vornherein ausgleichen zu gestalten.
Pädagogisches Prinzip: Gewinnen ist nicht alles
So dürfen auch mal alle guten Sportler gegen die Schlechteren antreten, wenn ihnen vom neutralen Spielgestalter eine Erschwernis auferlegt wird.
Handicap - eine Hand hinter dem Rücken ( Hand + capere) verstecken, aus
Fairniss Gründen zum Beispiel beim Rennen oder Fangen.
oder beim Spiel die schwächere Hand nehmen.
Das Handicap ist in Sport und Spiel ein in der Regel berechneter Faktor, der unterschiedliche Leistungsstärken nivellieren soll, um auch in einem heterogenen Feld einen spannenden Wettbewerb zu ermöglichen.
Beispiele:
- Die Pferderennen - nur bei Trab-, nicht bei Galopprennen - gibt es Wettbewerbe, in denen stärkere Teilnehmer längere Distanzen zurücklegen müssen.
-
- Im Golfsport wird aus den Eigenschaften des bespielten Golfplatzes (Course Rating und Slope) und aus der Stammvorgabe (Handicap) jedes Amateurspielers die Spielvorgabe berechnet, die er als sogenannte Vorgabeschläge erhält. Ein besserer Spieler auf einem einfacheren Platz muss die Runde also mit entsprechend weniger Schlägen absolvieren, um ein vergleichbares Ergebnis zu erzielen.
Siam, Bangkok, Thailand,
50mm 1.2, Kodak Ultramax 400
Krabi-krabong (Thai: กระบี่กระบอง, Thai pronunciation: [krabìː krabɔ̄ːŋ]) is a weapon-based martial art from Thailand. It is closely related to other Southeast Asian fighting styles such as Malay silat, Burmese banshay and Cambodian kbach kun boran. The royal bodyguard corps of King Bhumibol Adulyadej (Rama IX) are said to be highly trained in krabi-krabong. From Wikipedia
In a scene seemingly lifted right from an episode of Breaking Bad Walter White would be right at home here near the corner of San Pedro Ave and 7th St. in the dying town of Hayden as an afternoon Copper Basin Railway freight rumbles down the high line toward Hayden Jct.
A true company town the town of Hayden was founded in 1909 as a wholly owned entity of the Ray Consolidated Copper Company, part of the Guggenheim corporate group which also held the controlling interest in the American Smelting and Refining Company (ASARCO). In 1912, the company
completed construction of the Hayden smelter and began processing ore from the Ray copper mine near Kearny, 17 miles away. The Ray mine was eventually purchased by Kennecott Copper in 1933. The purchase also included the town of Hayden. In 1954, Kennecott sold the town of Hayden to the John W. Galbreath Development Corporation. Hayden was subsequently incorporated as an independent municipality in 1958. Tidy, prosperous and seemingly lifted right from an episode of Leave it to Beaver, Hayden was named an All American City in 1955 befitting the likes of June Cleaver. But fast forward another half century and that Hayden is nowhere to be found and today the community is a pretty sad place. Having lost a full 3/4th of the population it had a century prior it is slowly becoming a ghost town in slow moving real time.
Many businesses have closed and the buildings that hosted them appear abandoned. It is estimated that there are
about 50 families that live in town. It once had a bank, a pharmacy, a theater, a bowling alley, a bar, and a few eating establishments, but not anymore. In Hayden, the public pool is now closed the entire year, even though the air temperature usually exceeds 100 degrees during the summer months. The Hayden Public Library closed its doors at the end of July 2020. The senior center and police department about all that are left operating these days.
Here are a few short articles that tell the story and complement this image if you're interested: www.intermountainhistories.org/items/show/381
www.google.com/amp/s/amp.azcentral.com/amp/100765600
Anyway, this afternoon freight job will drop the hoppers and do some switching before heading out around dusk toward the mine with the evening unit acid train that takes sulfuric acid produced as a byproduct at the smelter out to the mine for use in the underground leaching operations known as solvent extraction-electrowinning or SX-EW. To learn more if interested check out this article: www.copper.org/publications/newsletters/innovations/2001/...
This two mile branch is now operated by the Copper Basin Railway (since 1986) but historically was Kennecott Copper property and operated by their connecting carrier, the Southern Pacific. The SP owned the 54 mile branch from Magma Jct. (on the Phoenix Line main) to Winkelman from 1907 until 1986. Although, interestingly, the line built between 1902-1904 as the Phoenix and Eastern was leased to the Santa Fe for its first three years.
As Don Strack explained:
The town of Hayden, Arizona, was founded in 1909 as a wholly owned entity of the Ray Consolidated Copper Company, part of the Guggenheim corporate group which also held the controlling interest in American Smelting & Refining Co. The town was located near the confluence of the Gila and San Pedro rivers. In 1912 the company completed construction of the Hayden smelter and began processing ore from the Ray underground copper mine, north and east of Hayden. Ray Consolidated was purchased by Nevada Consolidated Copper Company, and then by Kennecott Copper in 1933. Through this purchase Kennecott acquired ownership of the company town of Hayden.
In 1958 Kennecott began operating a second smelter in Hayden and for the first time the original 1912 smelter no longer processed ore from Ray Mine, though it did process ores from the nearby Pima, Duval, Bagdad, Cyprus, Silver Bell, and Mission mines.
Ultimately Kennecott shuttered its smelter in 1982 after 22 years (it wasn't demolished until 2004) and again began sending their ore to the orignal ASARCO smelter that was modernized in 1983. Today it is one of only three copper smelters left operating in the US along with Rio Tinto's ex Kennecott facility in Garfield, UT and Freeport McMoran's operation in Miami, AZ.
Check out this link for some facts from ASARCO's site:
www.asarco.com/about-us/our-locations/hayden-operations/
The town and the company have not been without controversy and while railfans know it for the CBRY most of the world knows of Hayden for its abominable environmental record and the staggering health effects on the citizens. If you care to learn more start here:
tucson.com/business/local/asarco-mining-giant-notching-10...
publicintegrity.org/environment/in-smelter-town-decades-o...
The Copper Basin has operated the 54 mile long Magma - Winkelman former Southern Pacific branchline since 1986. That year the SP sold the line to Kennecott Copper which immediately turned around and sold it along with their 7 mile private mine haul railroad from Ray mine to Ray Jct. and their branch from Hayden Jct. up to the Hayden smelter to create the CBRY. Later that same year Kennecott turned around and sold their Ray mine and all Hayden operations to ASARCO, operator of the original 1912 smelter in Hayden. ASARCO was purchased by Grupo Mexico in 1999 which they then lost control of when ASARCO declared bankruptcy in 2005 following an internal dispute over the ownership of Southern Peru Copper Company, one of ASARCO's major assets prior to Grupo Mexico's purchase of ASARCO in 1999. In 2009 Grupo Mexico regained control of ASARCO after the bankruptcy court approved the sale.
Independent for its first 20 yrs, the CBRY was purchased by ASARCO (virtually its sole reason for existence now) in 2006.
Power for this job consists of CBRY 303, 401, & 301. 303 is an EMD GP40-2 blt. Oct. 1984 as SSW 7268. 401 is an EMD GP39 blt. Jun. 1970 as KCCX 1 and is on home rails on this bit of former Kennecott track. Lastly 301 is an EMD GP40 blt. Sep. 1967 as LN 3023.
Hayden, Arizona
Sunday October 18, 2015
Bit of a sunday night faff on my own, needs refining but not really feeling it today.
Jpeg SOOC, cropped in camera.
Industrial refining facility. This place makes lubricants. Always amazed that each and every pipe, valve, stack has a purpose. From afar, just a jumble steel pipes.
It's such nice place to walk around', it's a little place but full of history.
that evening there was also a performance of classical music and tango dancers, i will upload that for you in the next days
Comacchio is a town and comune of Emilia Romagna, Italy, in the province of Ferrara, 48 km from the provincial capital Ferrara.
Comacchio is situated in a lagoon just north of the present mouth of the Reno. It is built on more than thirteen different islets, joined by bridges. The most important wealths of these wetlands are the fish farming and the salt ponds. The seaport of Porto Garibaldi lies 7 km to the east. The wetlands south of the town, the Valli di Comacchio, are classified as a Site of Community Importance and a Special Protection Area in Italy.[1] They are also rated internationally important by the Ramsar Convention for the conservation and sustainable utilization of wetlands.
After its early occupation by the Etruscans and the Gauls, Comacchio was annexed by Rome. Under Emperor Augustus, who ruled Rome from 27 BCE to 14 CE, a canal was dug to deepen its lagoon.
Comacchio enjoyed prosperity under the Goths and the Lombards, and became the seat of a duchy. When the Franks descended into northern Italy in 756, their king, Pepin the Short, included Comacchio in his famous donation of land to Pope Stephen II, a grant later confirmed by Pepin's son and successor, Charlemagne. In 854 Comacchio was sacked by the Venetians, who destroyed it in 946. The Holy See later acquired the city and presented it to the archbishopric of Ravenna.
In the 13th century, Emperor Rudolph I conferred it on Obizzo IV d'Este of Ferrara. In 1508 it became Venetian, but in 1597 was claimed by Clement VIII as a vacant fief. In 1598 the Papal States again acquired Comacchio and retained it until 1866 when it became a part of the Kingdom of Italy.
Since then, most of the swamp land has disappeared, leaving ground for the expansion of agriculture, and creating new zones for dwellings. Comacchio was once home to a factory for sugar refining, which closed in 1988.
Nordic ReFinance ME 1508 1515 and 1537 are also nearby being stored by DSB having come back from Sweden for reasons unknown
Fallow Deer Buck giving those branches a good thrashing. Presumably to get the antlers in condition for the coming Rut. You can see how much bark has been rubbed off
With cloud enveloping Blencathra behind three of the visiting locomotives at Threlkeld stand awaiting duties for the day.
Hudswell Clarke No. 19 of 1914 was built for Colonial Sugar Refining, working at Lautoka Mill in north-western Fiji.
Having travelled the world she now enjoys retirement at Statfold Barn but can regularly be seen visiting other railways.
Behind are Quarry Hunslet pair 'Irish Mail' and 'Statfold'
A MOC is never truly finished, there is always a way to improve it.
As I was taking those last pictures of my Spinner, I was thinking of a comment by someone on Cuusoo, how the lights seem to crowd the roof to much. I looked into it and lo and behold, I got it completely wrong! So here is now the updated version with new lights. I am still not 100% satisfied and may refine it still. I also redid the sides, adding a bit more detail. I was able to squeeze in a token wheel too. I will have to redo the back now, perhaps lengthen it by a stud, if i can find an elegant way to do it. Markings are done in PS. I must get me some proper decals.
Place: Foshan, Guangdong Province
Chinese name: 江淮瑞风A60 (jiānghuái ruìfēng A60)
Year of launch: 2014
JAC Motors (Jianghuai Automobile) is a Chinese state-owned automobile and commercial vehicle producer and was established in 1964. JAC started producing the Starex in cooperation with Hyundai in the early 2000s (JAC Refine), but their relationship was soon terminated. Another company, Huatai (later renamed Hawtai in English translation) made the Terracan and Santa Fe under license, but in 2007 JAC came up with their own Santa Fe, the Rein, featuring a (not so) unique front and rear end (in Lexus RX-fashion). In the same year JAC finally gained rights to produce passenger cars. Its first car was the large and unsuccessful Binjoy (Binyue) sedan, which was immediately launched in 2007. It was followed by a couple of impressive new models: the Tojoy (Tongyue) in 2008 and Hojoy sedan (Heyue), Hojoy RS (Heyue RS) MPV and Joyjoy (Yueyue) small car in 2009. Their later launched have never quite reached this level anymore. The Hojoy RS was refreshed in 2013 and renamed Refine M2 in 2015.
JAC's largest sedan was launched in 2014 as Refine A6, with a front end resembling the Audi A6 indeed... It received a refreshed front end in 2016, before sales finally commenced in December 2016 as Refine A60. JAC sold 2,427 units between December 2016 and July 2017, when it was already discontinued after a highly unsuccessful career. Note that the car I photographed is actually a pre production version with the old front end, making this one of the rarest cars I've seen in China.
Coming soon! (Hopefully :-P)
Still refining the type. Still adding some extra characters, but it's getting there :-)
PS to everyone: I stated before (I think I removed that part of the text in the previous photo) the fact that I moved to Portland for a job and am currently finding myself having a hard time keeping up to date with my contacts (and adding the rest of those who've added me) due to the workload given. This typeface was actually a work in progress that made its way into some of the stuff I was working on at the job. Once mid August hits the fan, I'll be lurking through your photos to see what you guys have been up to! :-)
I'm six today and I am wearing everything beautiful on my blog :)
Blogged at World of Ai Hienrichs - Refine Six.
The Ineos operated Grangemouth refinery was the largest industrial plant by volume in Scotland and supplied much of the oil based fuels used in Scotland and the North of England. Crude oil refining ended in April 2025 and the site is now transitioning to an import facilty for fuels.
Place: Sanjiang Dong Autonomous County, Liuzhou, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region
Chinese name: 江淮瑞风S3 (jiānghuái ruìfēng S3)
Year of launch: 2013
JAC Motors (Jianghuai Automobile) is a Chinese state-owned automobile and commercial vehicle producer and was established in 1964. JAC started producing the Starex in cooperation with Hyundai in the early 2000s (JAC Refine), but their relationship was soon terminated. Another company, Huatai (later renamed Hawtai in English translation) made the Terracan and Santa Fe under license, but in 2007 JAC came up with their own Santa Fe, the Rein, featuring a (not so) unique front and rear end (in Lexus RX-fashion). In the same year JAC finally gained rights to produce passenger cars. Its first car was the large and unsuccessful Binjoy (Binyue) sedan, which was immediately launched in 2007. It was followed by a couple of impressive new models: the Tojoy (Tongyue) in 2008 and Hojoy sedan (Heyue), Hojoy RS (Heyue RS) MPV and Joyjoy (Yueyue) small car in 2009. Their later launched have never quite reached this level anymore. The Hojoy RS was refreshed in 2013 and renamed Refine M2 in 2015.
JAC's SUV range consists of the S2, S3, S5 and new S7. The S3 was launched in 2013 and was a huge success for the brand, selling almost 200,000 units in both 2015 and 2016. However, demand has dried up and it has faded away so far this year.
Sales figures: carsalesbase.com/china-car-sales-data/jac/jac-refine-s3/
Some refining or industrial plant in Wilmington, CA. Taken from the Anaheim Street bridge near the Port of Long Beach and Port of Los Angeles.
Moments after taking this picture, from a bridge on a major public street, a rent-a-cop from one of the nearby industrial properties repeatedly drove up in his white pickup truck and harassed me, claiming that I could not take photos there and was breaking the law. He claimed there was some sort of federal law, which there isn't. I was shooting from the sidewalk and was perfectly within my rights, but it was clear the security guard either didn't know the law or didn't care.
How do I know I was completely within my rights? Because Thomas Hawk had a much less pleasant experience in exactly the same spot almost exactly to the day 6 years prior. thomashawk.com/2008/12/long-beach-harbor-patrol-says-phot... That's actually why I was there, because I saw that Thomas had taken some cool photos around my hometown of Long Beach. www.flickr.com/photos/thomashawk/3150488843/
Eventually, as I was walking back to my car after 30 or so minutes on the bridge, two uniformed officers from the Long Beach Harbor Patrol rolled up and asked to speak to me, having said the security guard had called them. They were quite polite, and unlike the bullying security guard, they thankfully didn't try to argue that I was breaking the law. Instead, they said they were required to investigate when someone calls the police about a potentially suspicious person.
While they were nice about it, it seemed clear to me they were trying to ascertain who I was and if I was up to no good. I gave the cops my name and let them know I was just a hobbyist photographer visiting from D.C. When they asked for my drivers license after a few minutes of polite yet probing conversation, I instead asked whether I was free to go. They said yes, so I declined to give them my ID and bid them adieu.
It wasn't too long ago that the harbor police treated photographers as if they were criminals, rather than as citizens exercising their rights. I'm glad to see that they seem to be educated much better now about the public's rights. At the end of the day, while the rent-a-cop was unnecessarily obnoxious, both he and the police were just doing their jobs. It seems they may have found a reasonable balance between respecting photographer's rights and keeping the public safe from shady folks lurking around sensitive facilities. At the least, much better than when Thomas was there in 2008.
Place: Liping, Qiandongnan Miao and Dong Autonomous Prefecture, Guizhou Province
Chinese name: 江淮瑞风S5 (jiānghuái ruìfēng S5)
Year of launch: 2012
JAC Motors (Jianghuai Automobile) is a Chinese state-owned automobile and commercial vehicle producer and was established in 1964. JAC started producing the Starex in cooperation with Hyundai in the early 2000s (JAC Refine), but their relationship was soon terminated. Another company, Huatai (later renamed Hawtai in English translation) made the Terracan and Santa Fe under license, but in 2007 JAC came up with their own Santa Fe, the Rein, featuring a (not so) unique front and rear end (in Lexus RX-fashion). In the same year JAC finally gained rights to produce passenger cars. Its first car was the large and unsuccessful Binjoy (Binyue) sedan, which was immediately launched in 2007. It was followed by a couple of impressive new models: the Tojoy (Tongyue) in 2008 and Hojoy sedan (Heyue), Hojoy RS (Heyue RS) MPV and Joyjoy (Yueyue) small car in 2009. Their later launched have never quite reached this level anymore. The Hojoy RS was refreshed in 2013 and renamed Refine M2 in 2015.
The Refine MPV range currently consists of the Refine M1 (similar to the old Starex), Refine M2 (previously Hojoy RS), Refine M3, Refine M4 (based on the old Starex, but with new body) and M5.
JAC's SUV range consists of the S2, S3, S5 and new S7. The S5, a copy of the Hyundai ix35/Tucson, succeeded the JAC Rein based on the first generation Santa Fe.
Shell Refining Company No. 8 built by Andrew Barclay, Works No.1952 of 1928. gets loaded onto a low loader at Shell Ardrossan to be transported to the Ayrshire Railway Preservation Group's site at Minnivey on 17 May 1986. It is now at the Group's Dunaskin site and is operation at some of the steam open days doonvalleyrailway.co.uk
The interactions among water, energy and food are numerous and substantial. Water is used for extraction, mining, processing, refining, and residue disposal of fossil fuels, as well as for growing feedstock for biofuels and for generating electricity.[4] Water intensity varies in the energy sector, with oil and gas production requiring much less water than oil from tar sands or biofuels. Choosing biofuels for energy production should require a careful balancing of priorities, since water that has been used to grow feedstock for biofuels could also have been used to grow food.
Many forms of energy production through fossil fuels are highly polluting in addition to being water intensive, especially extraction from tar sands and shale and extraction through hydraulic fracturing. Further, return flows from power plants to rivers are warmer than the water that was taken in and/or are highly polluted and can consequently compromise other downstream usage, including ecosystems. Conversely, energy is needed for extracting, transporting, distributing and treating water. Energy intensity for accessing a cubic meter of water varies: logically, accessing local surface water requires far less energy than pumping groundwater, reclaiming wastewater or desalinating seawater. Irrigation is more energy intensive than rain-fed agriculture, and drip irrigation is more intensive yet since the water must be pressurized.
Food production is by far the largest consumer of global fresh water supplies. Globally, agriculture is responsible for an average of 70% of fresh water consumption by humans; in some countries that figure jumps to 80%-90%. Agriculture is therefore also responsible for much of fresh water over-exploitation. Food production further impacts the water sector through land degradation, changes in runoff, disruption of groundwater discharge, water quality and availability of water and land for other purposes such as natural habitat. The increased yields that have resulted from mechanization and other modern measures have come at a high energy price, as the full food and supply chain claims approximately 30% of total global energy demand. Energy fuels land preparation, fertilizer production, irrigation and the sowing, harvesting and transportation of crops. The links between food and energy have become quite apparent in recent years as increases in the price of oil lead very quickly to increases in the price of food. The energy sector can have other negative impacts on the food sector when mining for fossil fuels and deforestation for biofuels reduce land for agriculture, ecosystems and other uses.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water,_energy_and_food_security_nexus
Due to the fact that the water diet is going to require you to drink more water than you are usually used to drinking, it is highly recommended that you stay away from water containing chlorine such as that which can be found in tap water unless the tap water in the place you live is so good it would be a waist not to not drink it.For those of us not fortunate enough to have a pure supply of clean tap water, using a distiller is that way to go. As low as you have a way to clean your water, then drinking out of the tap should not be a problem as long as it is distilled.In water, there are the concepts of soft water and hard water. The classification difference is based on the mineral content found in 1000mL of water. Soft water, usually what is left water running tap through a water softener has less mineral content and is considered to be more drinkable. In contrast, hard water has more mineral content.On the water diet plan, it is recommended that you drink mineral-rich hard water as much as possible. Drinking hard water said to have more of a filling effect that soft water. This may help prevent overeating allowing you to control your appetite drinking water.
However, in Japan where drinking hard water is seldom an option, most people drink soft water. Most people think that soft water is easier to drink. This may help you get to the 2 liter mark if you are having trouble drinking so much water.
Most important to the water diet is that the water you use is something you don't mind drinking. Since the amount of water you will be drinking is more than a mere cup, the water you drink should be just right for you.