View allAll Photos Tagged REPOSITORY
Collection: Cornell University Collection of Political Americana, Cornell University Library
Repository: Susan H. Douglas Political Americana Collection, #2214 Rare & Manuscript Collections, Cornell University Library, Cornell University
Title: "U.S. Grant, Pride of America" Ribbon, ca. 1868
Political Party: Republican
Election Year: 1868
Date Made: ca. 1868
Measurement: Ribbon: 7 3/4 x 3 in.; 19.685 x 7.62 cm
Classification: Costume
Persistent URI: http://hdl.handle.net/1813.001/60dj
There are no known U.S. copyright restrictions on this image. The digital file is owned by the Cornell University Library which is making it freely available with the request that, when possible, the Library be credited as its source.
These images where taken of the Chester Cathedral ARK exhibition which takes place during 7th July – 15th October 2017.
ARK is a world class contemporary sculpture exhibition which will take place at Chester Cathedral between 7 July – 15 October 2017. It will be the largest modern sculpture exhibition to be held in the north west of England and will feature 90, three-dimensional works by over 50 internationally renowned sculptors including Damien Hirst, Sir Antony Gormley, Lynn Chadwick, Barbara Hepworth, Sarah Lucas, David Mach, Kenneth Armitage and Peter Randall-Page, amongst others.
This exhibition uses the magnificent interior of the cathedral as a backdrop to extraordinary works of art as well as the beautiful and ancient spaces surrounding it.
ARK is free to enter and for more information see:
#ChesterCulture #ARKexhibition
Image from the Special Collecion of Wally Schirra
Repository: San Diego Air and Space Museum Archive
Repository: Duke University Archives. Durham, NC. library.duke.edu/uarchives
Trying to locate this photo at the Duke University Archives? You’ll find it in the Sports Information Visual Materials Collection.
PictionID:54468273 - Catalog:Atlas 13A - Title:Array - Filename:Atlas 13A.jpg - Images from the Convair/General Dynamics Astronautics Atlas Negative Collection. The processing, cataloging and digitization of these images has been made possible by a generous National Historical Publications and Records grant from the National Archives and Records Administration---Please Tag these images so that the information can be permanently stored with the digital file.---Repository: San Diego Air and Space Museum
Repository: Duke University Archives. Durham, North Carolina, USA. library.duke.edu/uarchives
Trying to locate this photo at the Duke University Archives? You’ll find it in the University Archives Photograph Collection, box 54.
PictionID:46543907 - Catalog:Array - Title:Array - Filename:Reedy_0118Lockheed XF-90 56-687.tif - Robert Reedy was a native of Amarillo Texas. He attended college in Wichita Kansas, studying aeronautical engineering. On graduation he was quickly snapped up by Stearman Aircraft. During his subsequent career he made stops at Lockheed, Thorp and back to Lockheed where he retired as a vice president of sales. Reedy was involved in the design of several Stearman, Vega and Thorp types, the Lockheed P2V, Little Dipper, Big Dipper, and L-1011.--Please Tag these images so that the information can be permanently stored with the digital file.---Repository: San Diego Air and Space Museum
Repository: San Diego Air and Space Museum Archive
From an illustrated aircombat history of the Chinese AirforceRepository: San Diego Air and Space Museum Archive
From the Air Combat Illustrated History of the Chinese Air Force, printed in 1947.
Repository: San Diego Air and Space Museum Archive
Collection: Cornell University Collection of Political Americana, Cornell University Library
Repository: Susan H. Douglas Political Americana Collection, #2214 Rare & Manuscript Collections, Cornell University Library, Cornell University
Title: Lincoln Party Ticket Ribbon, 1905
Political Party: Lincoln
Date Made: 1905
Measurement: Ribbon: 8 3/4 x 3 5/8 in.; 22.225 x 9.2075 cm
Classification: Costume
Persistent URI: http://hdl.handle.net/1813.001/60j9
There are no known U.S. copyright restrictions on this image. The digital file is owned by the Cornell University Library which is making it freely available with the request that, when possible, the Library be credited as its source.
PictionID:46029854 - Catalog:Array - Title:Array - Filename:14_021143.tif - - - Image from the Convair/General Dynamics Astronautics Atlas Negative Collection. The processing, cataloging and digitization of these images has been made possible by a generous National Historical Publications and Records grant from the National Archives and Records Administration---Please Tag these images so that the information can be permanently stored with the digital file.---Repository: San Diego Air and Space Museum
Repository: Duke University Archives. Durham, NC. library.duke.edu/uarchives
Trying to locate this photo at the Duke University Archives? You’ll find it in the Graduate and Professional Student Association Records, box 4.
Repository: Duke University Archives. Durham, North Carolina, USA. library.duke.edu/uarchives
Trying to locate this photo at the Duke University Archives? You’ll find it in the University Photography Visual Materials Collection, Box 21 (UVPM-021-Wilson01).
Repository: Duke University Archives. Durham, North Carolina, USA. library.duke.edu/uarchives
Trying to locate this photo at the Duke University Archives? You’ll find it in the University Archives Photograph Collection, box 4.
Repository: Duke University Archives. Durham, North Carolina, USA. library.duke.edu/uarchives
Trying to locate this photo at the Duke University Archives? You’ll find it in the University Archives Photograph Collection, box 54.
Repository: San Diego Air and Space Museum Archive
From an illustrated aircombat history of the Chinese AirforceRepository: San Diego Air and Space Museum Archive
From the Air Combat Illustrated History of the Chinese Air Force, printed in 1947.
Repository: San Diego Air and Space Museum Archive
Source: Digital image.
Set: PRO01.
Date: 1st March 1911.
Repository: From the collection of K. Prosser.
Local Studies at Swindon Central Library.
www.swindon.gov.uk/localstudies
With thanks to F. Bevan for the following information:-
Swindon Suffragette Emma Louisa Hull - formerly Alley.
This photograph was taken on the occasion of Eva's marriage at the Baptist Tabernacle. The sisters are (left to right) Amelia, Maude, EMMA, Mabel. Seated left to right Flora, Eva (bride) Ethel.
Emma was the only one of her sisters to leave the Swindon area. The family is pictured here at the wedding of Eva to George Babington on March 1, 1911. The Babington’s had a drapers shop at 92 Victoria Road. Amelia Ann, lifelong member of the Baptist Tabernacle and the only sister not to marry, had a milliners business next door at 90 Victoria Road with her sister Ethel until her marriage to Wilfred Hewer.
Ethel and Wilfred Hewer ran the Oddfellows’ Arms in Cricklade Street. Mabel married Thomas Charles Harding. The couple lived at Westcott Place where they ran a sub post office and news agents.
Maud moved out of town to Chippenham following her marriage to Henry John Lewis while Flora and her husband, William Harold Hall lived at 42 County Road.
Emma joined the Women's Freedom League and served more than one term of imprisonment during the campaign for Votes for Women.
On October 4 1957 the Archives Act (1957) was enacted, creating a repository to be known as The National Archives in which public archives were to be deposited and preserved.
The care of government archives was the responsibility of the Colonial Secretary's Department (renamed the Department of Internal Affairs in 1907) since 1840. In 1926, the Chief Librarian of the General Assembly Library, G.A. Schofield, was given the additional title, Controller of Dominion Archives, but was given no additional resources to carry out his extra functions. The Hope Gibbons Fire of 1952 where a number of government records were lost was seen as a catalyst for the formal legislation passed in 1957 to raise the standard of archives management in New Zealand. After the 1952 fire, the Public Service Commission accepted the proposal to appoint a Chief Archivist, but it was not put into effect until the passing of the Archives Act in 1957.
The Dominion Archives moved from the General Assembly Library attic to the Employers Federation Building, 12 The Terrace in 1954, along with a name change of Dominion Archives to National Archives. However, not until the passing of the Archives Act in 1957 was there statutory provision for the existence of the National Archives as a branch of the Department of Internal Affairs and for the appointment of a Chief Archivist.
National Archives moved to Borthwick House, 85 The Terrace, Wellington in 1966, before moving to the Air NZ Building, Vivian St, Wellington in 1977. In 1989 the Government Printing Office building in Mulgrave Street was purchased and set to be the new home of National Archives of Wellington. It officially opened in 1991. In 2005 Public Records Act (2005) became legislation, replacing the Archives Act of 1957.
During the early 1960s National Archives opened record centres in Auckland and Wellington for the storage of semi-current records. The Auckland Regional Office of National Archives opened in 1984. The office was managed by Regional Archivist, Mark Stevens. The Office was initially located in the BJ Ball Building, Hardinge Street, Auckland. The Christchurch Office of The National Archives opened in 1985 and the Dunedin Office in 1993.
Seen here, is archivist Grant Pittams, examining watercolours in the Internal Affairs Department's papers.
Archives New Zealand Reference: ARCH 458 1 / x AR1/59 collections.archives.govt.nz/web/arena/search#/?q=21921506
For further enquiries email research.archives@dia.govt.nz
Material from Archives New Zealand Te Rua Mahara o te Kāwanatanga
Originally called the “Music Museum and Grainger Museum”, the “Grainger Museum” is a small Streamline Moderne Art Deco building, built between 1935 and 1939, a repository of items documenting the life, career and music of the well known Australian composer, folklorist and pianist, Percy Grainger (1882 – 1961).
Built on one of Melbourne’s grand tree lined boulevards, Royal Parade in Parkville, the autobiographical museum was constructed in two stages between 1935 and 1939, on land provided for the purpose by the University of Melbourne. The Grainger Museum was designed by the staff architect of Melbourne University, John Stevens Gawler (1885 – 1978) through his architectural firm Gawler and Drummond. The building, built of brown clinker bricks is typical of Streamline Moderne design in Australia in the late 1930s, yet it also has undertones of the Arts and Crafts movement. It has very little detailing on the outside, with a severe arched entranceway, two windows featuring Art Deco grillework, a few decorative panels of brickwork (quite typical of John Gawler’s work) and the remaining windows consisting of glass bricks. The name of the museum appears above the main entranceway in stark Art Deco lettering made of cast iron which have been painted black. The museum is circular and features a small central courtyard accessed by two sets of French doors. The courtyard facades are detailed with decorative brickwork.
The Grainger Museum received input from Mr. Grainger in its design as well as its purpose, as well as funding provided by the composer. Mr. Grainger had contemplated establishing an autobiographical museum in the early 1920s, following the sudden suicide of his mother Rose, to whom he was very devoted. The museum contains large quantity of material from Mr. Grainger’s life, including art and furnishings from his home, musical instruments that he used, compositions, recordings, reformist clothing, published scores, field recordings, photographs, books and personal items belonging not only to Mr. Grainger, but also his mother. It also contains a curio case of whips that Mr. Grainger used in sadomasochist sexual acts which were in a trunk given to the museum with strict instructions that it was not to be opened until ten year after his death. The trunk also contained photographs of the composer after sessions of self flagellation. The museum also contains large amounts of material concerning some of his musical contemporaries, many of whom have fallen into obscurity. The Grainger Museum was officially opened in December 1938, and was staffed and maintained by Mr. Grainger throughout his life.
Sadly, the Grainger Museum suffered some initial setbacks with the outbreak of the Second World War in 1939, when the building was used for storage for the duration, rather than its original purpose. The museum’s designs were also problematic, as the building was prone to leaks and required extensive waterproofing. The majority of objects were not put on public display until the 1950s when Mr. Grainger visited Australia with the intention of finishing his autobiographical project; something he failed to do as he set sail for his New York home with the task still incomplete. During the 1960s the Grainger Museum was opened to the public regularly for the first time and was sometimes used for concerts and musical workshops for jazz and other avant-garde music, which would have pleased Mr. Grainger, who sadly had died some five years before this eventuality. The Grainger Museum quietly closed its doors in 2003 for extensive renovation, restoration and conservation work. It reopened seven years later 2010, and has been open selectively ever since, showcasing Mr. Grainger’s life and works in a smart, well set out and discreet fashion.
Percy Aldridge Grainger was born in Brighton, Melbourne. He showed precocious talent in music, and at the age of 13 he left Australia to further his ability by attending the Hoch Conservatory in Frankfurt, Germany. In 1901 he moved to London, where with the assistance of his mother, he established himself as a successful society pianist, and developed a career as a concert performer and composer. During his time in London, he also collected original folk melodies and helped revive interest in British folk music in the early years of the 20th Century. Mr. Grainger left England in 1914, and moved to the United States, where he lived for the rest of his life, residing in White Haven, a suburb of New York with his mother, Rose, who was always his greatest supporter and exponent. Mr. Grainger took up American citizenship in 1918. After his mother committed suicide in 1922, he involved himself more with educational work, and created his own experimental and unusual musical compositions. He particularly enjoyed musical experiments with fantastic music machines that he imagined, and perhaps hoped, would supersede human interpretation one day. During this time, he also made adaptations of other composers' musical works. In 1926, while returning to America from a tour, he met Ella Ström, a Swedish-born artist, whom he married before an enraptured audience at one of his concerts at the Hollywood Bowl in 1928. Mr. Grainger already had a great interest in Nordic music, but his wife’s lineage only served to drive his passion for such music even more. As he grew older he continued to give concerts. He also revised and rearranged compositions of his own, preferring this to writing new music, of which he produced little. After the Second World War, he suffered ill health which reduced his productivity and activity in his passions, and he considered his career to be a failure. He gave his final concert in 1960, less than a year before his death. The piece of music with which Percy Grainger is most generally remembered is his pretty piano arrangement of the folk-dance tune “Country Gardens”.
The architectural firm of Gawler and Drummond was a prolific, though rather undistinguished firm that designed a range of domestic, industrial, commercial and church buildings. These include the McRorie house in Camberwell in 1916, the Fitzroy department store Ackmans Ltd in 1918, the Loch Church of England in 1926, the Korumburra Church of England in 1927, the Deaf and Dumb Society's church at Jolimont in 1929 and the Nyora Church of England in 1930. The Percy Grainger Museum is perhaps Gawler and Drummond’s most distinguished work.
The Grainger Museum was open as part of the 2014 Open House Melbourne Weekend.
Repository: Duke University Archives. Durham, North Carolina, USA. library.duke.edu/uarchives
Trying to locate this photo at the Duke University Archives? You’ll find it in the University Archives Photograph Collection, box 66.
Collection: Cornell University Collection of Political Americana, Cornell University Library
Repository: Susan H. Douglas Political Americana Collection, #2214 Rare & Manuscript Collections, Cornell University Library, Cornell University
Title: Ward Ten Regular Republican Ticket: Grant & Wilson
Political Party: Republican
Election Year: 1872
Date Made: ca. 1872
Measurement: Ballot: 11.75 x 6 in.; 29.845 x 15.24 cm
Classification: Prints
Persistent URI: http://hdl.handle.net/1813.001/6029
There are no known U.S. copyright restrictions on this image. The digital file is owned by the Cornell University Library which is making it freely available with the request that, when possible, the Library be credited as its source.
Repository: Duke University Archives. Durham, North Carolina, USA. library.duke.edu/uarchives
Trying to locate this photo at the Duke University Archives? You’ll find it in the University Archives Photographic Negative Collection, box 14 (UANC-014-001-001a).
Repository: San Diego Air and Space Museum Archive
From an illustrated aircombat history of the Chinese AirforceRepository: San Diego Air and Space Museum Archive
From the Air Combat Illustrated History of the Chinese Air Force, printed in 1947.
Repository: San Diego Air and Space Museum Archive
Image from the Ryan Aeronautical Negative Collection
Repository: San Diego Air and Space Museum Archive
Repository: Duke University Archives. Durham, North Carolina, USA. library.duke.edu/uarchives
Trying to locate this photo at the Duke University Archives? You’ll find it in the Major Speakers Committee Records, box 4.
COPY
Repository: Penn Libraries
Call number: AC9B2274916p
Collection: American Culture Class
Copy title: Pirates! or, The cruise of the Black Revenge ; a melodrama in thirteen acts.
Author(s): Banning, Kendall
Published: ,
FIND IN POP
Repository: Duke University Archives. Durham, North Carolina, USA. library.duke.edu/uarchives
Trying to locate this photo at the Duke University Archives? You’ll find it in the University Archives Photograph Collection, box 59 (UAPC-059-001-002).
PictionID:54636755 - Catalog:14_035134 - Title:Atlas Centaur Testing Details: Centaur Nose Cone Venting Prior to Test Date: 11/29/1961 - Filename:14_035134.tif - - ---- Images from the Convair/General Dynamics Astronautics Atlas Negative Collection. The processing, cataloging and digitization of these images has been made possible by a generous National Historical Publications and Records grant from the National Archives and Records Administration---Please Tag these images so that the information can be permanently stored with the digital file.---Repository: San Diego Air and Space Museum
Repository: Duke University Archives. Durham, North Carolina, USA. library.duke.edu/uarchives
Trying to locate this photo at the Duke University Archives? You’ll find it in the Sports Information Office Visual Materials Collection.
Collection: Cornell University Collection of Political Americana, Cornell University Library
Repository: Susan H. Douglas Political Americana Collection, #2214 Rare & Manuscript Collections, Cornell University Library, Cornell University
Title: Bryan-Sewall Campaign Buttons and Badge, ca. 1896
Political Party: Democratic
Election Year: 1896
Date Made: ca. 1896
Measurement: Mount: 11 x 8 1/2 in.; 27.94 x 21.59 cm
Classification: Textiles
Persistent URI: http://hdl.handle.net/1813.001/612t
There are no known U.S. copyright restrictions on this image. The digital file is owned by the Cornell University Library which is making it freely available with the request that, when possible, the Library be credited as its source.
Collection: Cornell University Collection of Political Americana, Cornell University Library
Repository: Susan H. Douglas Political Americana Collection, #2214 Rare & Manuscript Collections, Cornell University Library, Cornell University
Title: Suffolk Ward 1 New England Whig Party Convention Ribbon, 1840
Political Party: Whig
Election Year: 1840
Date Made: 1840
Measurement: Ribbon: 8 1/2 x 3 in.; 21.59 x 7.62 cm
Classification: Costume
Persistent URI: http://hdl.handle.net/1813.001/5zbq
There are no known U.S. copyright restrictions on this image. The digital file is owned by the Cornell University Library which is making it freely available with the request that, when possible, the Library be credited as its source.
repository.lib.fsu.edu/islandora/object/fsu%3A812699
Full Title
Ringling Bros and Barnum & Bailey band
Names
John and Mable Ringling Museum of Art (owner)
Description (Abstract)
Ringling Bros and Barnum & Bailey band pose for a photograph. The musicians are holding brass instruments and drums. Band members are wearing false black mustaches including two girls kneeling in front of the band.
Dates
nd
Format
photographs
Extent
12 x 9 cm
Language(s)
English
Identifiers
FSU_RICE_A2021_0031_038
Use and Reproduction
rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/
Copyright status of this work has not been determined. It is provided here for scholarship, research, and private study. Further use or copying of the work beyond Fair Use may require permission from the rightsholder.
Rights Statement URI
rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/
Topics
Circus
Physical location
The John and Mable Ringling Museum of Art
Repository: Duke University Archives. Durham, North Carolina, USA. library.duke.edu/uarchives
Trying to locate this photo at the Duke University Archives? You’ll find it in the University Archives Photograph Collection, Box 59 (UAPC-059-007-003).
PictionID:54487577 - Catalog:Mercury Atlas 8 - Title:Array - Filename:Mercury Atlas 8-1.jpg - ---- Images from the Convair/General Dynamics Astronautics Atlas Negative Collection. The processing, cataloging and digitization of these images has been made possible by a generous National Historical Publications and Records grant from the National Archives and Records Administration---Please Tag these images so that the information can be permanently stored with the digital file.---Repository: San Diego Air and Space Museum
COPY
Repository: Newberry Library
Call number: Wing folio ZP 540 F363
Copy title: Don Carlos ... Emperador ... Alos del nuestro consejo oydores delas nuestras audienscias ... E a todos los consejos corregidores: asistēte: gouernadores ...
Published: Valladolid, 1548
FIND IN POP
On October 4 1957 the Archives Act (1957) was enacted, creating a repository to be known as The National Archives in which public archives were to be deposited and preserved.
The care of government archives was the responsibility of the Colonial Secretary's Department (renamed the Department of Internal Affairs in 1907) since 1840. In 1926, the Chief Librarian of the General Assembly Library, G.A. Schofield, was given the additional title, Controller of Dominion Archives, but was given no additional resources to carry out his extra functions. The Hope Gibbons Fire of 1952 where a number of government records were lost was seen as a catalyst for the formal legislation passed in 1957 to raise the standard of archives management in New Zealand. After the 1952 fire, the Public Service Commission accepted the proposal to appoint a Chief Archivist, but it was not put into effect until the passing of the Archives Act in 1957.
The Dominion Archives moved from the General Assembly Library attic to the Employers Federation Building, 12 The Terrace in 1954, along with a name change of Dominion Archives to National Archives. However, not until the passing of the Archives Act in 1957 was there statutory provision for the existence of the National Archives as a branch of the Department of Internal Affairs and for the appointment of a Chief Archivist.
National Archives moved to Borthwick House, 85 The Terrace, Wellington in 1966, before moving to the Air NZ Building, Vivian St, Wellington in 1977. In 1989 the Government Printing Office building in Mulgrave Street was purchased and set to be the new home of National Archives of Wellington. It officially opened in 1991. In 2005 Public Records Act (2005) became legislation, replacing the Archives Act of 1957.
During the early 1960s National Archives opened record centres in Auckland and Wellington for the storage of semi-current records. The Auckland Regional Office of National Archives opened in 1984. The office was managed by Regional Archivist, Mark Stevens. The Office was initially located in the BJ Ball Building, Hardinge Street, Auckland. The Christchurch Office of The National Archives opened in 1985 and the Dunedin Office in 1993.
Seen here archivists, Ruth Munro and Jan Luscombe working on Nash papers.
Archives New Zealand Reference: ARCH 458 1 / q AR1/24 collections.archives.govt.nz/web/arena/search#/?q=21921471
For further enquiries email research.archives@dia.govt.nz
Material from Archives New Zealand Te Rua Mahara o te Kāwanatanga
Repository: Duke University Archives. Durham, North Carolina, USA. library.duke.edu/uarchives
Trying to locate this photo at the Duke University Archives? You’ll find it in the Sports Information Office Visual Materials Collection.
Repository: Duke University Archives. Durham, North Carolina, USA. library.duke.edu/uarchives
Trying to locate this photo at the Duke University Archives? You’ll find it in the University Archives Photograph Collection, box 95.
Repository: Duke University Archives. Durham, North Carolina, USA. library.duke.edu/uarchives
Trying to locate this photo at the Duke University Archives? You’ll find it in the University Archives Photograph Collection, box 126.
Repository: San Diego Air and Space Museum Archive
From an illustrated aircombat history of the Chinese AirforceRepository: San Diego Air and Space Museum Archive
From the Air Combat Illustrated History of the Chinese Air Force, printed in 1947.
Repository: San Diego Air and Space Museum Archive
PictionID:44127060 - Title:Atlas Centaur 22. Details: AC 22 Interior Bulkhead Prior to Initial Pressure. Date: 01/06/1969 - Catalog:14_010535 - Filename:14_010535.TIF - - - - - - Image from the Convair/General Dynamics Astronautics Atlas Negative Collection---Please Tag these images so that the information can be permanently stored with the digital file.---Repository: San Diego Air and Space Museum
Repository: San Diego Air and Space Museum Archive
From an illustrated aircombat history of the Chinese AirforceRepository: San Diego Air and Space Museum Archive
From the Air Combat Illustrated History of the Chinese Air Force, printed in 1947.
Repository: San Diego Air and Space Museum Archive
Collection: Cornell University Collection of Political Americana, Cornell University Library
Repository: Susan H. Douglas Political Americana Collection, #2214 Rare & Manuscript Collections, Cornell University Library, Cornell University
Title: Cleveland-Thurman Wooden "Campaign Egg For 1888" with Case
Political Party: Democratic
Election Year: 1888
Date Made: 1888
Measurement: Case: 3.5 x 4.5 x 2.5 in.; 8.89 x 11.43 x 6.35 cm
Classification: Artifacts
Persistent URI: http://hdl.handle.net/1813.001/5zdf
There are no known U.S. copyright restrictions on this image. The digital file is owned by the Cornell University Library which is making it freely available with the request that, when possible, the Library be credited as its source.
Repository: Duke University Archives. Durham, North Carolina, USA. library.duke.edu/uarchives
Trying to locate this photo at the Duke University Archives? You’ll find it in the University Archives Photograph Collection, box 82.
Repository: Duke University Archives. Durham, North Carolina, USA. library.duke.edu/uarchives
Trying to locate this photo at the Duke University Archives? You’ll find it in the University Photography Visual Materials Collection, Box 21 (UVPM-021-EastGeneral01).
The Athens Lunatic Asylum, now a mixed-use development known as The Ridges, was a Kirkbride Plan mental hospital operated in Athens, Ohio, from 1874 until 1993. During its operation, the hospital provided services to a variety of patients including Civil War veterans, children, and those declared mentally unwell. After a period of disuse the property was redeveloped by the state of Ohio. Today, The Ridges are a part of Ohio University and house the Kennedy Museum of Art as well as an auditorium and many offices, classrooms, and storage facilities.
The former hospital is perhaps best known as a site of the infamous lobotomy procedure, as well as various supposed paranormal sightings. After the hospital's original structure closed, the state of Ohio acquired the property and renamed the complex and its surrounding grounds The Ridges. According to The Guide of Repository Holdings,[2] the term "The Ridges" was derived from a naming contest in 1984 to re-describe the area and its purpose.
History
Design and architectural features
The architect for the original building was Levi T. Scofield of Cleveland. The hospital grounds were designed by Herman Haerlin of Cincinnati. Some of Haerlin's other landscape designs are seen in Cincinnati's Spring Grove Cemetery and the Oval on the campus of Ohio State University in Columbus.
The design of the buildings and grounds were influenced by Dr. Thomas Story Kirkbride, a 19th-century physician who authored an influential treatise on hospital design called On the Construction, Organization and General Arrangements of Hospitals for the Insane. Kirkbride Plan asylums are most recognizably characterized by the staggered "bat-wing" floor plan of their wards, High Victorian Gothic architecture, and their sprawling grounds.
In accordance with the Kirkbride Plan, the main building was to include a central administration building with a wing for men on one side and a wing for women on the other, each with their own separate dining halls. There was room to house 572 patients in the main building, almost double Kirkbride's recommendation. The main building itself was 853 feet long and 60 feet in width.
Construction
The land where the hospital was built originally belonged to the Arthur Coates and Eliakim H. Moore farms. Ground was broken on November 5, 1868. The first iteration of the asylum consisted of only 141 acres (57 ha) and over the years, grew to occupy over 1,000 acres (400 ha) of land and 78 buildings.
Operating years (1874-1993)
Athens Lunatic Asylum began operation on January 9, 1874. Within two years of its opening, the hospital was renamed The Athens Hospital for the Insane. Later, the hospital would be called the Athens Asylum for the Insane, the Athens State Hospital, the Southeastern Ohio Mental Health Center, the Athens Mental Health Center, the Athens Mental Health and Mental Retardation Center, the Athens Mental Health and Developmental Center, and then (again) the Athens Mental Health Center.
The original hospital was in operation from 1874 to 1993. Although not a wholly self-sustaining facility, many Kirkbride Plan asylums functioned as cloistered communities, and for decades the hospital had livestock, farm fields and gardens, an orchard, greenhouses, a dairy, a physical plant to generate steam heat, and even a carriage shop. A large percentage of the work it took to maintain the facility was originally carried out by patients. Labor, especially skilled labor, was seen by the Kirkbride Plan as a form of therapy and was economically advantageous for the state.
The asylum expanded to include specialized and ancillary buildings such as the Dairy Barn (now an arts center), Beacon School, Athens Receiving Hospital, Center Hospital and the Tubercular Ward ("Cottage B"). Also built onto the main building were a laundry room and a boiler house. Seven cottages, including Cottage B, were constructed to house even more patients. While they had a smaller capacity than the main wards, they allowed for constructive grouping of patients in dormitory-like rooms.
By the 1950s the hospital was the town's largest employer, with 1,800 patients on a 1,019-acre, 78-building campus. At its peak the Athens Lunatic Asylum served Adams, Athens, Gallia, Highland, Hocking, Jackson, Lawrence, Meigs, Morgan, Perry, Pike, Ross, Scioto, Vinton and Washington counties.
Decline and closure
The mental healthcare industry in the United States underwent a sea change in the 1950s. Research began to show that the mentally ill did not pose an inherent danger to their communities. The public became increasingly aware of procedures like electroshock therapy and the lobotomy, which would come to be seen as cruel, unnecessary, and inhumane. The availability of psychoactive drugs for the treatment of mental illnesses, as well as the increasing prevalence of psychological therapy, allowed for most patients to be treated without the need for internment in a prison-like institution. The asylum, among many others, declined throughout the latter half of the 20th century and eventually closed in 1993. However, the state hospital continued to function in Athens, with some patients and staff relocating to a newly constructed facility which, at the time of the transition in 1993, was called the Southeast Psychiatric Hospital. The psychiatric hospital in Athens - visible from the asylum - is now named Appalachian Behavioral Healthcare.
Modern history and present day
1990s
By the early 1990s, many of the original buildings had fallen into disrepair, following a similar pattern of decline and neglect among Kirkbride Plan asylums. As the mental healthcare industry transitioned away from large, centralized institutions, the will to support sprawling hospital complexes diminished. Large asylums were slowly phased out, with most operations shifting to small outpatient centers scattered throughout the community. Because the asylums were typically located on a hill outside of the nearest municipal center, their degradation was able to occur out of sight and out of mind. Under private ownership, abandoned Kirkbrides often languished unmaintained and unsecured, slowly being reclaimed by nature, as with Hudson River State Hospital in New York. Since abandoned structures represent a serious insurance liability, there is incentive for the property owner to secure them, and abandoned property owned by colleges and universities may be especially easy targets for urban exploration, squatting, or vandalism by members of the student body or the general public.
In 1993 the Athens Lunatic Asylum's property was deeded over to Ohio University in a land swap with the state's Department of Mental Health. Under the ownership of Ohio University, the property was kept in relatively good shape and was maintained for reuse.
2000s and 2010s
With urban exploration and modern ruins occupying a growing niche of public consciousness through entertainment and media, Kirkbride Plan asylums have enjoyed renewed public attention in the 2000s and 2010s. Two historically significant Kirkbrides, Danvers State Hospital in Massachusetts and the aforementioned Hudson River State Hospital in New York, fell into dangerous disrepair in the 1990s and 2000s and eventually underwent partial demolition to make way for new development.
At Athens, the ownership of a stable funding authority (Ohio University) has ensured restoration of much of the original grounds, as envisioned by the original planners, in a mixed-use university development called The Ridges.
Most buildings have been renovated and turned into classrooms and office buildings. The administration building is now the home of Kennedy Museum of Art , showcasing paintings and artwork of all different types of artists. The Dairy Barn Southeastern Ohio Cultural Arts Center, a nonprofit arts organization, is located in the old hospital's remodeled dairy barn; it is privately owned and operated. The Dairy Barn operates a calendar for sculpting and exhibits. The George V. Voinovich School of Leadership and Public Affairs is also located at The Ridges, in a set of three separate buildings across the area.
The old tubercular ward, "Cottage B", which sat on a hill separated from the other buildings, was demolished by Ohio University in 2013 due to the large number of college students exploring the dangerous structure. Cottage B was designed to early 1900s fireproofing standards and incorporated copious asbestos lining inside the walls, making it difficult to remediate.
Members of the Athens, Ohio, chapter of NAMI, the National Alliance on Mental Illness, have worked to restore the three graveyards located on the grounds of The Ridges. School organizations provide tours of the facility around Halloween time each year. The preserve is also regularly used by the school's Army ROTC battalion.
Treatment and quality of care
The first patient of the Asylum was a 14-year-old girl with epilepsy, thought to be possessed by a demon. Epilepsy was considered a major cause of "insanity" and reason for admission to the hospital in the early years. The first annual report lists thirty-one men and nineteen women as having their insanity caused by epilepsy. General "ill health" accounted for the admission of thirty-nine men and forty-four women in the first three years of the hospital's operation.
Ailments such as menopause, alcohol addiction, and tuberculosis were cause for enrollment in the hospital. For the female patients hospitalized during these first three years of the asylum's operation, the three leading causes of insanity are recorded as "puerperal condition" (51 women), "change of life" (32 women), and "menstrual derangements" (29 women). Women with postpartum depression or "hysteria" were labeled insane and sent to recover in the institution. Women were often institutionalized for unnecessary or outright fallacious reasons.
The second-most common cause of insanity, as recorded in the first annual report, was "intemperance and dissipation". In the hospital's first three years of operation, according to the annual report of 1876, eighty-one men and one woman were diagnosed as having their insanity caused by masturbation. Fifty-six men and one woman were diagnosed as having their insanity caused by "intemperance and dissipation" during this same period of time.
Records from the asylum document some of the now-discredited theories of the causes of mental illness, as well as the practice of harmful treatments, such as lobotomy. The Ohio University archives collection information regarding employees' background training, which ranged from full training and qualification to a complete lack thereof. Most disturbing is the documentation of hydrotherapy, electroshock, lobotomy, and early psychotropic drugs, many of which have been discredited today as extremely inhumane ways of treating a patient.
Cemeteries
Myths and mystery surround a well-known site in southern Ohio, The Athens Lunatic Asylum. The mystery is fueled, perhaps, because the public cannot access a majority of the information about patients who were treated and lived at the asylum. With special permission and filling out paperwork that is required by the state of Ohio, some of the information can be accessed, however, those interested in finding out about the patients that walked through the doors of the Asylum can satisfy their curiosity by looking to the cemeteries.
"There are 1,930 people buried at the three cemeteries located at the Ridges. Of those, 700 women and 959 men lay under the headstones marked only with a number." There were some patients who had died that were reunited with their families and buried in cemeteries around their homes. By 1943, the State of Ohio began putting names, births, and deaths, on the markers of the patients who died. (Friends of Asylum, McCabe)It is unknown as to why the state switched from using only numbers to using names in order to verify who the deceased were, but this practice remained constant through the remainder of time that patients were buried up at the asylum. Although the newer stones had names, births, and deaths, the older stones that remained had not been replaced until recently.
By the 1980s the state no longer took care of the cemeteries which made it easy for outsiders to vandalize them. Natural occurrences also caused damage. The stones marking where patients were buried were in desperate need of repair. They were left to the elements and "hundreds of stones were left uprooted and broken." Beginning in 2000, the Athens, Ohio, chapter of the National Alliance on Mental Illness (NAMI) started the reclamation for the cemeteries, taking on the work that was once the responsibility of the Ohio Department of Mental Health." NAMI, Athens worked to help restore the cemeteries at the Asylum to its original state. The organization got "involved with other groups and organizations in a major effort to restore, beautify and demystify the three mental health grave yards located on the grounds of the old psychiatric hospital complex on The Ridges." "Since nearly the time of the opening of the cemeteries the State of Ohio has allowed families to erect private markers at the graves of their loved ones, There are very few graves marked in such a way, most likely because descendants are unaware of the opportunity."
Since the take over, more information has been found out about the patients that are buried in the three cemeteries. A large portion of the information that has been recovered is about the veterans that had spent the remaining days of their lives at the Asylum. Many of these veterans did not receive honors and only 19 have had any recognition. There are 80 veterans that are buried at the Ridges. Of these veterans two fought in the Mexican War, sixty-eight fought in the Civil War, one was a member in the Confederate Army and another two veterans served with the United States Colored infantry. There are three veterans who served in the Spanish–American War, and seven fought in World War I. Some of the other veterans that are buried here were active duty in the late 19th century and the early 20th century.
NAMI has also done other things to honor those who have served our country as well as the other patients who are buried in the cemeteries at the Ridges. Besides helping replace grave stones and keeping the grounds in proper condition, in 2005, the Ridges Cemeteries Committee has been organizing Memorial Day Ceremonies for the many veterans buried at the asylum. "Prior to 2005, the veterans had never received such honors. Indeed, neither they nor the others in those cemeteries had received more than a very austere burial - no personalized service whatsoever." NAMI started the Memorial Day Ceremonies to help restore dignity to the patients on the Ridges and to help recognize the sacrifice of the veterans, many who had probably suffered through post traumatic stress disorder as well as other post war symptoms.
"To find these "lost" veterans, they were found "through a special search within a broader research project to find background information on the over 1,900 patients buried in the Asylum's three cemeteries. With the Help of the Athens County Veterans Service Office and a special appropriation from the Athens county Commissioners flag stands and flags have been placed at the graves of all the veterans in the three cemeteries. [attribution needed]
In culture
Kirkbride Plan asylums occupy a unique niche in the culture. As more than 70 were built across the nation (with 25 surviving as of 2019) they are a uniquely accessible and idyllic representation of the allures of urban exploration. Kirkbride Plan asylums have appeared in films and television, been the subjects of notable photographers, and inspired fictional locations such as Arkham Asylum in Batman and Parsons State Insane Asylum in Fallout 4.
COPY
Repository: Folger Shakespeare Library
Call number: 22280 Fo. no. 75
Copy title: Mr. VVilliam Shakespeares comedies, histories, & tragedies : published according to the true originall copies.
Author(s): Shakespeare, William
Published: London, 1623
Printer/Publisher: Issac Iaggard, and Ed. Blount
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