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1994 Ford Probe by Ruairidh MacVeigh

Spiritual successor to the mighty Ford Capri, the Ford Probe, although very sporty looking and stylish, sadly didn't sell in the numbers that its predecessor had done, instead becoming something of a run-of-the-mill two-door sports coupé.

Launched in the late 1970's, Ford began to experiment with the idea of futuristic designs with the help of styling house Ghia, the project being dubbed 'Probe'.

The Probe I, first shown in 1979, was a wedge-shaped design that incorporated a number of drag-reducing features like covered rear wheels and pop-up headlights. This was followed the next year by a much more conventional looking Probe II, whose hatchback styling was also reminiscent of the pony cars. The 1981 Probe III was an advanced demonstrator with covered wheels, but its bodywork evolved into the more conventional Ford Sierra and styling notes that were used on the Ford Taurus. The 1982 Probe IV was a more radical concept car with a low Cd (drag coefficient), and evolved into the equally radical 1984 Probe V.

After the 1979 energy crisis, the economic slump initiated by high fuel prices prompted Ford to give the Ford Mustang a major redesign. The new design would be based on a totally new platform introduced to Ford by Japanese car manufacturer and Ford partner Mazda. But when the new generation of the Ford Mustang neared its release date, oil prices dropped to an all time low and Ford Mustang buyers expressed their displeasure in the style of the proposed replacement. The car was eventually released, not as a Ford Mustang but as the Ford Probe.

Ford had previously worked with their Australian division to create and introduce a redesigned Ford Capri, also based on Mazda engineering, and introduced in North America the 1989-1994 Mercury Capri roadster.

The Ford Probe is a product of the joint Ford and Mazda venture called the AutoAlliance International. Its unique body panels and interior were designed and manufactured in the AutoAlliance assembly plant located in Flat Rock, Michigan, the same facility that manufactured the Mazda MX-6 coupe and Mazda 626 sedan for the North American market. Both generations of the Probe were sold in Japan as Fords, at Ford/Mazda sales channels called Autorama. Japanese models were not in compliance with Japanese Government regulations concerning exterior dimensions and engine displacement, resulting in Japanese buyers being held liable for additional taxes as a result.

The Ford Probe was introduced to the U.S. market in 1988 and was completely different from the Mazda MX-6, which was a 2-door coupe with traditional fixed headlights. The Ford Probe shares most of its mechanical parts with the Mazda MX-6 and 626. Both the Ford Probe and the Mazda MX-6 were based on the Mazda GD platform from 1988 to 1992, and on the GE platform from 1993 to 1997.

Initially planned to replace Mustang, Ford executives also expected the Probe to achieve success in the market. However, the car fell short of Ford’s expectations. The Probe's styling, while modern, was not universally accepted. It was also not affordable, making many buyers choose another, more-prestigious brand, for the price of a Ford Probe.

The Ford Probe was a Hatchback based on the Mazda GD platform, and powered by a 2.2 L SOHC 4-cylinder Mazda F2 engine. The first generation Probe appeared in 1988 and lasted until 1992 in the United States. It was based on a series of concept cars of the early 1980s, that were seen in films like Judge Dredd, Back to the Future Part II, and Total Recall.

The first generation was available in several trim levels that differ depending on the market the vehicle was sold in. In the United States, the Probe was available in GL, LX, and GT trim levels:

The GL was the base model with the 110hp F2 2.2 L engine and few options. The LX added; option for power locks, power windows, electrically adjusted exterior mirrors. Also a storage tray underneath the front passenger seat, as well as an optional flip-up moon roof. Starting in 1990, the LX was available with the 3.0 L "Vulcan" V6 engine, that was also used in the Ford Taurus, Ford Ranger, Ford Tempo, and Ford Aerostar. The LX package included optional equipment such as a single-disc CD player, and a digital instrument cluster coupled with a fuel economy computer installed in a hidden compartment on top of the centre dashboard air conditioning vents.

The GT included all the equipment of the LX, but featured the F2T 2.2 L turbocharged, intercooled engine that produced 145hp. It came with an IHI RHB5-VJ11 turbocharger and an intercooler to the intake tract, as well as a knock sensor and electronic boost controller to the engine-control system. The GT version also came with 4-wheel disc brakes with ABS, a 3-way adjustable suspension utilizing variable damping shocks, and a speed-sensitive variable-assist power steering. The Probe GT's suspension system was based on a Mazda design, but its tuning was different and included nitrogen-gas pressurized front and rear struts, with stabilizer bars.

The 1991 Probe was given a 4-star crash rating in collision tests conducted by the U.S. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration.

The Ford and Mazda design teams merged once again to give the Ford Probe a complete redesign for the 1993 model year. As before, the Probe was to share its under-structure with Mazda's MX-6 and 626. Mazda engineered the engine, transmission, and chassis, while Ford engineered the body and interior. Technically, the second generation Probe is 60% Mazda and 40% Ford. Despite the car being extended 2 inches and widened 4 inches, it was 125 pounds lighter than the first generation Probe. The second generation Probe was introduced in August 1992 as a 1993 model. It went on sale in Europe in the spring of 1994, filling the gap left there by Ford in that market sector since the demise of the Capri seven years earlier.

The base model started at just over US $13,000 and came standard with the 2.0L Mazda FS-DE 16-valve 4-cylinder engine, performance instrument cluster with tachometer and full gauge compliment, and an electronic AM/FM stereo. The sportier GT model started at $15,504 and came standard with the 2.5L Mazda K engine KL-DE 24-valve V6, 4-wheel disc brakes, unique front and rear fascias, fog lights, 5-spoke aluminium wheels, leather-wrapped steering wheel, and driver-seat power lumbar/seat back side bolster adjustment. Both engines featured dual overhead cam designs with the choice of a 5-speed manual transmission or a 4-speed automatic transmission.

Two automatic transmissions were available in the Probe. At first both engines shared the same automatic transmission, the Ford F-4EAT transmission, but from 1994 onwards this changed. The V6 engine continued to use the 4EAT, but the 2.0 L I4 engine used a different automatic transmission, the Ford CD4E transmission. It was sourced by Ford, and manufactured at Ford's Batavia Transmission plant in Batavia, Ohio.

A new SE (Sport Edition) trim level was available for 1995 and 1996. It included the GT front fascia (without fog lamps), unique 15-inch aluminium wheels and Sport Edition "SE" nomenclature.

In a coast to coast road test by Automobile Magazine in search of the best cars in the world, the Probe GT scored third place, right behind an $80,000 Mercedes-Benz and an $80,000 BMW. In the article, the Probe listed at about $15,000.

The last Probe came off the assembly line on June 20, 1997. A 3rd generation Probe built on the same platform as the Ford Contour/Mercury Mystique was to be released in mid-1998 as a 1999 model. About 1/3 of the way through designing the 3rd generation Probe, Ford decided to change the name and bring back the Cougar nameplate and badge it as a Mercury. This was done in an unsuccessful attempt to attract younger buyers into Mercury showrooms. As the Probe was born from what was intended to be the new Mustang, the new Cougar was born from what was to be the new Probe. Strangely enough, the Cougar was never considered by Ford to be a successor to the Probe. The Escort ZX2, released shortly after the discontinuation of the Probe, was considered the Probe's successor. In June 1998, Ford released the new Probe as the 1999 Mercury Cougar.

Today Probes are reasonable rare cars, especially earlier models which were stripped largely to keep Mazda's such as RX-7's alive due to their parts compatibility, whilst others became victims of the Scrappage scheme here in the UK when owners upgraded to more modern alternatives.

1:72 Aero L-159A “ALCA”; aircraft "2-03/C.1-03" of the Guàrdies Aèries de la República Catalana (GARC, Republic of Catalonia Air Guard), 2n esquadró de caces (“Burro”); Aeroport de Reus, 2018 (Whif/KP kit) by Dizzyfugu

+++ DISCLAIMER +++

Nothing you see here is real, even though the conversion or the presented background story might be based on historical facts. BEWARE!

Some background:

Immediately after the 1989 Velvet Revolution, the Czech president Václav Havel declared a de-mobilization of the Czech defense industry. Nevertheless, after the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991, the Czech company Aero Vodochody continued developing the basic L-39 Albatros design with a view toward greater export. The resulting L-39MS, later re-designed as L-59 Super Albatros, featured a more powerful turbofan engine, advanced avionics, and has been bought in quantity by Egypt and Tunisia. In 1993, a group of Czech military experts launched a project of production of a modern domestic fighter to replace the obsolete Soviet aircraft. Since the proposed Aero L-X supersonic fighter development proved to be financially demanding (up to US$2 billion), the less costly L-159 subsonic attack aircraft was approved for procurement instead.

Conducted between the years 1994 and 1997, the technical development of L-159 ALCA (Advanced Light Combat Aircraft) in Aero Vodochody consisted primarily of building one L-159 two-seat prototype based on the L-59 airframe, utilizing western engine, avionics and weapon systems, with Rockwell Collins (eventually Boeing) as the avionics integrator.

The L-159 ALCA was designed for the principal role of light combat aircraft (single-seat L-159A variant) or light attack jet and advanced/lead-in fighter trainer (two-seat L-159B and T variants). The design of the L-159 was derived from the L-39/59 in terms of aerodynamic configuration, but a number of changes were made to improve its combat capabilities. These included strengthening of the airframe, reinforcing of the cockpit with composite and ceramic ballistic armor and enlargement of the aircraft's nose to accommodate a radar. Compared to the L-59, number of underwing pylons was increased from four to six, and a new hardpoint under the fuselage was added instead of a fixed GSh-23L cannon in an external fairing. The aircraft was capable of carrying external loads up to 2,340 kg, ranging from unguided bombs and rocket pods to air-to-ground and air-to-air guided missiles or special devices to conduct aerial reconnaissance or electronic warfare. Guided precision ordnance like laser-guided glide bombs could be carried, too, thanks to the aircraft’s ability to carry respective targeting equipment, for example the AN/AAQ-28(V) LITENING pod.

The L-159 was powered by the non-afterburning Honeywell/ITEC F124-GA-100 turbofan engine with a maximum thrust of 28 kN. Almost 2,000 litres of fuel was stored in eight internal tanks (six in the fuselage, two at the wingtips) with up to four external drop tanks (two 500 L and two 350 L tanks) carried under the inner wings.
The lightly armored cockpit was equipped with a VS-2B ejection seat, capable of catapulting the pilot at a zero flight level and at zero speed. The aircraft's avionics based on the MIL-STD-1553 databus include a Selex Navigation and Attack Suite, Ring Laser Gyro based Inertial Navigation System (INS) and Global Positioning System (GPS). Flight data was displayed both at the FV-3000 head-up display (HUD) and on two multi-function displays (MFD). Communications were provided by a pair of Collins ARC-182 transceivers. Self-protection of the L-159 was ensured by a Sky Guardian 200 radar warning receiver (RWR) and Vinten Vicon 78 Series 455 chaff and flare dispensers. L-159A and T2 variants were equipped with the lightweight Italian FIAR Grifo L multi-mode Doppler radar for all-weather, day and night operations.
The maiden flight of the first L-159 prototype occurred on 2 August 1997 with a two-seat version. On 18 August 1998, the single-seat L-159A prototype first flew; it was completed to Czech customer specifications. 10 April 2000 marked the first delivery of L-159A to the Czech Air Force and the type was marketed for export.

One of the type’s foreign operators became the young Republic of Catalonia, which had declared independence from Spain in 2017. The Catalan independence movement already began in 1922, when Francesc Macià founded the political party Estat Català (Catalan State), but the modern independence movement began and gained serious momentum in 2010, when the Constitutional Court of Spain ruled that some of the articles of the 2006 Statute of Autonomy - which had been agreed with the Spanish government and passed by a referendum in Catalonia - were unconstitutional, and others were to be interpreted restrictively. Popular protest against this decision quickly turned into demands for independence. Starting with the town of Arenys de Munt, over 550 municipalities in Catalonia held symbolic referendums on independence between 2009 and 2011. All of the towns returned a high "yes" vote, with a turnout of around 30% of those eligible to vote. A 2010 protest demonstration against the court's decision, organized by the cultural organization Òmnium Cultural, was attended by over a million people. The popular movement fed upwards to the politicians; a second mass protest on 11 September 2012 (the National Day of Catalonia) explicitly called on the Catalan government to begin the process towards independence. Catalan president Artur Mas called a snap general election, which resulted in a pro-independence majority for the first time in the region's history. The new parliament adopted the Catalan Sovereignty Declaration in early 2013, asserting that the Catalan people had the right to decide their own political future.

After three more troublesome years and constant strife for independence from Spain, the Catalonian president Carles Puigdemont eventually announced a binding referendum on the topic. Although deemed illegal by the Spanish government and the Constitutional Court, the referendum was held on 1 October 2017. In a vote where the anti-independence parties called for non-participation, results showed a 90% vote in favor of independence, with a turnout of 43%. Based on this result, on 27 October 2017 the Parliament of Catalonia approved a resolution unilaterally creating an independent Republic.

This event was also the rather sudden birth of the Catalonian armed forces. Esp. the nascent air force, called Guàrdies Aèries de la República Catalana (GARC, Republic of Catalonia Air Guard), faced serious trouble, since Spain refused any assistance. Furthermore, there were no former Spanish military air bases in the region that could be taken, and any equipment and infrastructure had to be procured from scratch and on short notice.

In the wake of this hasted start, the L-159s became part of the GARC’s initial mixed bag of flying low-budget equipment. They were 2nd hand machines, bought from EADS-CASA of Spain and mothballed since 2012 after a barter deal with the Czech Republic: In 2009, EADS had exchanged with the CzAF four CASA C-295 transporters for three L-159As, two L-159T1s and 130 million Euros. These aircraft were still in EADS inventory in late 2017, even though grounded and taken out of service since 2012, because the operations of this small fleet as chasing aircraft were expensive and no buyer could be found in the meantime.

However, in 2018 the company sold them, under indirect pressure from NATO, to the Catalonian government at a “symbolic”, yet unspecified, price. This small fleet was soon augmented by five more L-159As and ten L-159T1s which were directly procured from the Czech Republic in 2019. These aircraft formed the initial, small backbone of the young country’s air defense, armed with AIM-9 Sidewinders (AIM-120 AMRAAM was possible, to, but not procured due to severe budget restraints) and Mauser BK-27 cannon in conformal pods. Since no military airfields with a suitable infrastructure for jet aircraft were available for the GARC at the time of their purchase and introduction, the L-159s were initially based at two public regional airports: at Reus, in the proximity of Tarragona at the Mediterranean coast, and at Girona in the country’s north, where airfield sections were separated of the military operations.

General characteristics:

Crew: one

Length: 12.72 m (41 ft 8¾ in)

Wingspan: 9.54 m (31 ft 3½ in)

Height: 4.87 m (16 ft)

Wing area: 18.80 m² (202.4 ft²)

Airfoil: NACA 64A-012

Aspect ratio: 4.8:1

Empty weight: 4,350 kg (9,590 lb)

Max. takeoff weight: 8,000 kg (17,637 lb)

Powerplant:

1× Honeywell F124-GA-100 turbofan, delivering 28.2 kN (6,330 lbf) thrust

Performance:

Never exceed speed: 960 km/h (518 knots, 596 mph)

Maximum speed: 936 km/h (505 knots, 581 mph) at sea level, clean

Stall speed: 185 km/h (100 knots, 115 mph)

Range: 1,570 km (848 nmi, 975 mi) max internal fuel

Combat radius: 565 km (305 nmi, 351 mi) lo-lo-lo, with a gun pod, 2× Mark 82 bombs, 2× AIM-9

Sidewinder and 2× 500 L drop tanks

Service ceiling: 13,200 m (43,300 ft)

Rate of climb: 62 m/s (12,220 ft/min)

Armament:

7Í hardpoints in total, 3 under each wing (outer pylons only for AAMs) and 1 under the fuselage,

holding up to 2,340 kg (5,159 lb) of ordnance

The kit and its assembly:

This model was spawned by a grain of truth: as mentioned in the background, EADS Spain had actually bought a few L-159s in 2009 from the CzAF in exchange for transporters, and together with the ongoing plans of an independent Catalonia I merged both into this ALCA single seater for the fictional Republic of Catalonia Air Guard.

The kit is the relatively new KP L-159. This is basically a nice model, but the kit has some severe flaws (see below). The model was basically built OOB, I just added AIM-9L Sidewinders and their respective launch rails as external ordnance on the outermost underwing hardpoints. Since I did not find the standard gun pod (a ZVI PL-20 Plamen pod with 2×20 mm guns) suitable, I decided to give the GARC aircraft a heavier, Western weapon in the form of a Mauser BK-27 (the same weapon used onboard of the Panavia Tornado or the Saab Gripen) in a conformal cannon pod under the fuselage. This piece was taken and adapted from a Heller Alpha Jet. Its shape perfectly fitted between the two ventral air brakes.

Concerning the kit itself, the build turned out to be a medium nightmare. The kit looked promising in the box, with fine engravings, but nothing fits well. There are no locator pins, you have (massive) ejection marks almost everywhere, and the parts’ attachment points to the sprues protrude into the parts themselves, so there’s a lot to clean up. At least there are no sinkholes.

Upon assembly, the cockpit tub – nicely detailed – would not fit into the fuselage at all and ended up in an oblique position (hidden through a pilot figure from the scrap box and a re-mounted avionics fairing in the rear cockpit). The air intakes left me guessing, too: while the edges are crisp and thin, the overall fit with the fuselage and the orientation of the parts had to be guesstimated, plus a mediocre fit, too. The instructions are not very helpful, either. I am quite disappointed and tried to make the best of the situation.

Painting and markings:

Much more thought was put into the model’s looks. What camouflage should such an aircraft carry? And I had to invent roundels/markings for a Catalonian air force aircraft, too.

Since the Catalonian L-159s were multi-purpose aircraft, yet primarily tasked with air space defense, I opted for an subdued air superiority scheme instead of a tactical low-level camouflage. Furthermore, the camouflage was supposed to be suited for a mountainous landscape (Pyrenees), relatively flat and dry land and also to open sea. This was a good opportunity to give a model the Greek “Ghost” scheme: a three-tone wraparound scheme consisting of FS 36307 (Light Sea Grey), 36251 (Aggressor Grey) and 35237 (Medium Grey, but actually a rather greyish blue). The pattern was adapted from Hellenic F-16s. I think it’s a good compromise, and it suits the ALCA well.

The national markings caused more headaches. I was looking for something that would not look like the Spanish roundel, but still reflect the Catalonian indpendence flag and – most important – I wanted to be able to create it from stock material (not printing them at home), with the option to replicate it on potential future builds.

In the end and after long safaris through my spare decal repository, I came up with a round marking. It consists of an Ukrainian roundel with a relatively thin outer yellow ring (from a Begemot MiG-29 sheet), placed on top of a Hinomaru, so that a thin, red outer ring was added. Onto the central, blue disc a white star (from a TL Modellbau sheet with US Army markings) was added. I think that this looks original enough?

There was a problem, though… In my first attempt to apply this construction, the roundels turned out to be VERY large overall. While the design itself looked O.K. (despite reminding of Captain America somehow), this looked ridiculous, esp. on an aircraft with a wraparound low-viz paint scheme. I was not satisfied, so I heavy-heartedly ripped the decals off again (using adhesive tape, works like a charm) and tried it again, in a smaller version.

Hinomaru became the basis once more, even though smaller, and then die-punched discs in yellow and blue (from generic decal sheet) were added, and finally small white stars again, one size smaller than during the first attempt. While this is still colorful and stands out from the grey background, the second attempt looked much more balanced now, and I stuck with it.

In order to add more flavor, I added Catalonian fin flashes and squadron emblems on the nose, depicting the “burro”, the Catalonian donkey which has become a kind of unofficial regional symbol as a kind of anti-mascot to the Spanish bull. These markings/decals were printed at home on white sheet.

The tactical codes were based on the Spanish system. The Spanish Air Force has its own alphanumeric system for identifying aircraft: This forms a prefix to the airframe serial number, usually marked on the tail. C means cazabombardero (fighter bomber); A, ataque (attack); P, patrulla (patrol); T, transporte (transport); E, enseñanza (training); D, search and rescue; H, helicopter; K, tanker; V, Vertical Take Off and Landing (VTOL); and U, utility. An example would be that the F-18 with "C.15-08" on the tail is the fifteenth type of fighter that arrived in the Spanish Air Force (the Eurofighter is the C.16) and is the eighth example of this type to enter the SAF. On the nose or fuselage, the aircraft has a numeral specific to the unit in which it is based.

Variants of planes in service, for example two-seater versions or tanker versions of transports planes, add another letter to differentiate their function, and have their own sequence of serial numbers separate from the primary versions. Example: "CE.15-02" will be the second F-18 two-seater (Fighter Trainer) delivered to the SAF. In addition, the aircraft used by the Spanish Air Force usually carry a code consisting of one or two digits followed by a dash and two numbers, painted on the nose or fuselage. The first number corresponds to the unit to which they belong, and the second the order in which they entered service. Example: the fourth F-18 arriving at Ala 12 will have on the nose the code "12-04". Those codes do change when the aircraft is re-allocated to a different unit. Quite complicated…

This led to the tactical code “2-03”, for the 3rd aircraft allocated to the 2nd fighter squadron, and “C.1-03” as individual registration as the 3rd aircraft of the 1st fighter type in Catalonian service. All codes were puzzled together with single black letters and numbers from TL Modellbau in 3 and 5mm size.

Finally, the kit was sealed with matt acrylic varnish.

lovely propose by my selected memories-between east & west

The Moroccan Courtyard Garden by Earth Designs. www.earthdesigns.co.uk. London Garden Design and landscape build. by Earth Designs

Earth Designs Garden Design and Build were asked to created a landscape and propose garden design in Stoke Newington, London here are the details on the project

The Moroccan Courtyard Garden in

Stoke Newington, London

BRIEF:

The outside space was in poor condition when the current owners moved into the property and a rat problem was evident. The brief was to provide a family space that was low maintenance and that would clean up the area to create a light and friendly garden. Given the relatively small size of the garden and overhead trees, there was a preference to create hard landscaping over the majority of the area rather than incorporate a lawn.

SOLUTION:

This design draws on Moroccan influences and creates a well laid out space that is fresh and inviting. Flooring in the space consists of multi-coloured African slate laid in a stretcher pattern, interspersed with the occasional Moroccan floor tile. Under the kitchen window is a butcher block housing a Belfast sink allowing the client the opportunity for outside water. Directly outside the back door, flanked either side by flush planting beds, there is a railway sleeper sofa-style seat with bespoke waterproof cushions.

This area is enclosed with a purpose-built timber pergola with a rusted iron mesh ‘roof’. The main seating area of the garden consists of rendered block raised beds, painted white and adorned with a Moroccan tile border around the top, upon which L-shaped ‘suspended’ railway sleeper benches are fixed. This area also benefits from a railway sleeper table, a large, ornate Moroccan-style water fountain water feature against the right hand wall and a wrought iron chiminea in the back bed to serve as barbeque and heater. The existing large laurel was retained and the existing ivy was thinned and conditioned. The inclusion of a large tree fern at the entrance to the seating area makes a formal entrance to the space.

The remainder of the planting consists of oranges and greens with a selection of climbers, evergreens and herbaceous perennials selected to give year round interest. The space is completed by the inclusion of a comprehensive lighting scheme. The pergola is illuminated with a fairy light net over the top.

The main seating area benefits from stylish teak and stainless steel bollard lights installed on top of the raised bed walls and rope lights running along the underside of the seats, with a double weatherproof socket providing power for the client to plug in electrical equipment if required. Finally, a series of low voltage lights throughout the planting beds give the garden a subtle overall glow while serving to highlight individual plant specimens.

TESTIMONIALS:

“We are delighted with our garden and Earth Designs were great. Katrina has provided us with a clean and spacious retreat.”

Carl and Joti

If you dig this and would like to find out more about this or any of other of our designs, please stop by our web-site and have a look at our work.

Earth Designs is a bespoke London Garden Design and build company specialising in classic, funky and urban contemporary garden design.

Our Landscape and Garden build teams cover London, Essex and parts of South East England, while garden designs are available nationwide.

Please visit www.earthdesigns.co.uk to see our full portfolio. If you would like a garden designer in London or have an idea of what you want and are looking for a landscaper London to come and visit your garden, please get in touch.

Follow our Bespoke Garden Design and Build and Blog to see what we get up to week by week, our free design clinic as well as tips and products we recommend for your garden projects www.earthdesigns.co.uk/blog/.

Earth Designs is located in East London, but has built gardens in Essex , gardens in Hertfordshire Hertfordshire and all over the South East. Earth Designs was formed by Katrina Wells in Spring 2003 and has since gone from strength to strength to develop a considerable portfolio of garden projects. Katrina, who is our Senior Garden Designer, has travelled all over the UK designing gardens. However we can design worldwide either through our postal garden design service or by consultation with our senior garden designer. Recent worldwide projects have included garden designs in Romania. Katrina’s husband. Matt, heads up the build side of the company, creating a unique service for all our clients.

If you a not a UK resident, but would like an Earth Designs garden, Earth Designs has a worldwide design service through our Garden Design Postal Design Vouchers. If you are looking for an unique birthday present or original anniversary present and would like to buy one of our Garden Design Gift Vouchers for yourself or as a present please our sister site www.gardenpresents.co.uk. We do also design outside of the UK, please contact us for details.

1:72 Hawker P.1019 "Sea Fury" Mk. XII, aircraft "125-P (s/n JZ670)" of the Fleet Air Arm 1832 NAS; HMS Pioneer, Admiralty Islands, July 1945 (Whif/modified Airfix kit) by Dizzyfugu

+++ DISCLAIMER +++

Nothing you see here is real, even though the conversion or the presented background story might be based historical facts. BEWARE!

Some background:

The Hawker Fury was an evolutionary successor to the successful Hawker Typhoon and Tempest fighters and fighter-bombers. The Fury's design process was initiated in September 1942 by Sydney Camm, one of Hawker's foremost aircraft designers, to meet the Royal Air Force's requirement for a lightweight Tempest Mk.II replacement. The fuselage was broadly similar in form to that of the Tempest, but was a fully monocoque structure, while the cockpit level was higher, affording the pilot better all-round visibility.

The project was formalized in May 1943, which required a high rate of climb of not less than 4,500 ft/min (23 m/s) from ground level to 20,000 feet (6,096 m), good fighting maneuverability and a maximum speed of at least 450 mph (724 km/h) at 22,000 feet (6,705 m). The armament was to be four 20mm Hispano V cannon with a total capacity of 600 rounds, plus the capability of carrying two bombs each up to 1,000 pounds (454 kg).
In April 1943, Hawker had also received Specification N.7/43 from the Admiralty, who sought a navalized version of the developing aircraft. In response, Sidney Camm proposed the consolidation of both service's requirements under Specification F.2/43, with the alterations required for naval operations issued on a supplemental basis. Around 1944, the aircraft project finally received its name; the Royal Air Force's version becoming known as the Fury and the Fleet Air Arm's version as the Sea Fury.

A total of six prototypes were ordered; two were to be powered by Rolls-Royce Griffon engines, two with Centaurus XXIIs, one with a Centaurus XII and a final one as a test structure. Hawker used the internal designations P.1019 and P.1020 respectively for the Griffon and Centaurus versions, while P.1018 was also used for a Fury prototype with a Napier Sabre IV. The first Fury to fly, on 1 September 1944, was NX798 with a Centaurus XII with rigid engine mounts, powering a Rotol four-blade propeller. Second on 27 November 1944 was LA610, which had a Griffon 85 and a Rotol six-blade contra-rotating propeller.

With the end of the Second World War in Europe in sight, the RAF began cancelling many aircraft orders. Thus, the RAF's order for the Fury was cancelled, but development of the type was continued as the Sea Fury. The rationale behind this was the fact that many of the Navy's carrier fighters were either Lend-Lease Chance-Vought Corsair or Grumman Hellcat aircraft and thus to be returned, or, in the case of the Supermarine Seafire, had considerable drawbacks as naval aircraft such as narrow undercarriages. The Admiralty opted to procure the Sea Fury as the successor to these aircraft instead of purchasing the lend-lease aircraft outright.

The first Sea Fury prototype first flew at Langley, Berkshire, on 21 February 1945, powered by a Centaurus XII engine. This prototype had a "stinger"-type tailhook for arrested carrier landings, but lacked folding wings for storage. The second prototype flew on 12 October 1945 and it was powered by a Bristol Centaurus XV that turned a new, five-bladed Rotol propeller and did feature folding wings. A third prototype was powered by a Griffon 85 with a chin radiator and drove a six blade contraprop, similar to LA610 from 1944. Specification N.7/43 was modified to N.22/43, now representing an order for 200 aircraft.
Both engine variants showed virtually identical performance. While the Centaurus-powered Sea Fury had more power and was slightly lighter than the Griffon-powered variant, the latter had better aerodynamics and, thanks to the contra-rotating propeller, better low-speed handling characteristics.

In order to expand production of the new naval fighter as quickly as possible, Sea Fury variants with different engines were produced at different factories: 100 were to be built as F Mk. X, powered by the Centaurus engine, at Boulton-Paul's Wolverhampton factory, and another 100, powered now by a Griffon 130 with a two-stage, three-speed supercharger and fuel injection, were to be built as F Mk. XII at Hawker's Dunsfold factory.

Things did not unfold smoothly, though: the manufacturing agreement with Boulton-Paul was ended in early 1945 and all work on the Centaurus-powered Sea Fury transferred to Hawker Aircraft's facilities at Kingston. As a consequence, production of the F Mk. X was delayed and only the Griffon-powered F Mk. XII made it to frontline units until summer 1945, but, in fact, only a mere 50 aircraft left Dunsfold until the end of hostilities, all of them were immediately transferred to the FAA’s Pacific theatre of operations. The first twelve airframes went on board of the newly built HMS Pioneer, a Colossus class aircraft carrier, which set sails for Australia in May 1945 and then operated along the Northern coast of New-Guinea. In the vicinity of Manus Island the Sea Furies were operated by NAS 1834, replacing Corsair II and IV fighters, and they were the only machines of this type to become involved in aerial combat and CAS missions. In August 1945 the machines were transferred to HMS Indomitable; based on this carrier, they supported the liberation of Hong Kong, arriving after a landing party from HMCS Prince Robert had taken the Japanese surrender. These were among the last combat missions of the war.

The Sea Fury Mk. X came too late for any frontline involvement. In fact, the first machine of this variant eventually first flew on 31 January 1946, and immediately upon completion of the first three airframes, the flight testing program began at Kingston. It was soon discovered that the early Centaurus engine suffered frequent crankshaft failure due to a poorly designed lubrication system, which led to incidents of the engine seizing while in mid-flight. The problem was resolved when Bristol's improved Centaurus 18 engine replaced the earlier engine variant, but this further hampered the program.

From the Griffon-powered Sea Fury F Mk. XII, only 92 aircraft from the initial N.22/43 order batch of 100 were actually produced, and they did not serve long in front line units. One factor was the high-powered Griffon engine, which was prone to failure and its liquid-coolant system was not free from trouble, either. On the other side, the technically less complicated Centaurus-powered Sea Fury F. Mk. X became available in 1947 and it showed more development and also export potential, so that the Mk. XII was retired from Royal Navy units until 1949. Some of the aircraft were stored, though, and eventually handed over or sold to friendly nations.

Altogether, the Sea Fury was produced with some 875 aircraft built (number varies by source)—including prototypes and 61 two-seat T.20 trainers. Sea Furies also served in Korea and they were the last front-line piston-engine aircraft operated by the Royal Navy Fleet Air Arm.

General characteristics:

Crew: One

Length: 37 ft 3 in (11.37 m)

Wingspan: 38 ft 4 ¾ in (11.69 m)

Height: 15 ft 101⁄2 in (4.84 m)

Wing area: 280 ft2 (26.01 m²)

Empty weight: 9,325 lb (4,233 kg)

Loaded weight: 12,510 lb (5,680 kg)

Max. takeoff weight: 14,760 lb (6,700 kg)

Powerplant:

1× Rolls Royce Griffon 130 liquid-cooled V-12 engine;

maximum output of 2,420 hp (1,805 kW) at 5,000 ft (1,524 m)

Performance:

Maximum speed: 460 mph (400 knots, 740 km/h) at 18,000 ft (5,500 m)

Range: 700 mi (609 nmi, 1,126 km) with internal fuel;

1,040 mi (904 nmi, 1,674 km) with two 90 gal. drop tanks

Service ceiling: 35,800 ft (10,910 m)

Rate of climb: 4,320 ft/min (21.9 m/s)

Armament:

4× 20 mm (.79 in) Hispano Mk V cannon in the outer wings with 150 RPG

Up to 12× 3 in (76.2 mm) unguided rockets and/or bombs or drop tanks

for an ordnance of 2,000 lb (907 kg)

The kit and its assembly:

Building this kit was a spontaneous decision - but since it would fit well into the RAF Centenary Group Build at whatifmodelers.com, I used to occasion to motivate myself and create this conversion as submission #5 to the GB.

This build was originally triggered by a Sea Fury model, recently built by fellow user knightflyer from whatifmodelers.com: a "normal" Sea Fury in late-war FAA markings. I found the resulting aircraft pretty sexy, but wondered how I could add a personal twist? While doing some research into the Sea Fury's development I stumbled upon the Griffon-powered Fury prototype LA610, a pretty ugly aircraft with a gaping radiator intake and a menacing six blade contraprop. This one, in FAA colors...?

The kit is the PM Model Sea Fury, in this case an Airfix re-boxing, but this does not change anything. The kit is simple, is a bit crude (e.g. the wings trailing edges are rather massive), but it goes together well.

The conversion included a better seat for the cockpit, a dashboard, a split canopy for open display, and some rhinoplasty: the OOB Centaurus and its five blade propeller went into the spares box. Instead, a resin power egg from Red Roo for an Australian Avro Lincoln was installed in the nose. To be honest, the engine is actually a Merlin with a chin radiator, but the piece's overall outline and the radiator just look perfect for something close to the LA610 prototype! Some body sculpting was necessary to create a smooth transition in front of the cockpit, and the OOB exhaust arrangement from the Centaurus was "recycled" as radiator outlets, just very similar to LA610.

The contraprop is a mash-up: The spinner (which fits onto the resin engine very well, only a little trimming was necessary) comes from a Special Hobby model of a late Griffon-powered Spitfire; there are several boxings of this kit for different variants, but the main sprues are virtually identical, so that a lot of spares, including propeller variants like the six blade Rotol propeller, are available. This specific propeller is not functional, though. Both propeller sections are intended to be glued together and onto the kit’s nose, only for static build and presentation. That’s a bit disappointing, so I modified the parts with holes and a styrene axis that fits into another deep hole in the resin engine block, so that both propellers can spin – and they actually do, even though it only works when I blow into the propeller from a certain angle.

The propeller blades were replaced, too, because the original Spitfire parts turned out to be too short, on the massive Sea Fury and the gaping radiator intake maw they looked undersized. So I dug out a Novo Shackleton from the donor bank and used the blades from one of its engines for my conversion.

Another small modification concerns the arrestor hook: with the Special Hobby Spitfire kit at hand and its many optional parts, I added a Seafire hook to the rudder’s base, instead of the later Sea Fury’s separate hook under the rudder, for a slight retro feeling.

The flaps were lowered and the wings’ VERY thick trailing edges trimmed down significantly. The leading edges were slightly modified, too, in an attempt to get rid of their square OOB shape.

The ordnance was slightly modified, too: I added a pair of pylons under the wings with 500 lb bombs instead of the OOB drop tanks (I assume that these large blobs are rather ferry tanks?), the 3in missiles and their launch rails are OOB.

Painting and markings:

No real surprises: standard late WWII FFA colors (Dark Sea Grey/Dark Slate Grey/Sky) livery without quick ID markings on the wings and stabilizers. Basic paints were Tamiya XF-54 (Dark Sea Grey, a relatively light interpretation of the tone), Modelmaster 2056 (Dark Slate Grey, lighter than Humbrol's 224) and Tamiya XF-21 (Sky, a rather intense variation of the greenish tone). The cockpit interior was painted in RAF Cockpit Green (Humbrol 78) – it’s a bit of a guess, but AFAIK the interior of British combat aircraft was changed to black after the end of WWII? The landing gear wells were painted in the same tone, using late WWII Fairey Fireflies as benchmark.

The kit received a light blank ink wash, some post-shading treatment and dry-brushing with FS 36231 and Faded Olive Drab from Modelmaster, as well as Humbrol 90 underneath. Some more detail brushing with even lighter tones was added, too.

The decals/markings actually belong to a lend lease F4U during the final weeks of the war; I found the red tactical code quite interesting, even though HMS Pioneer, where the aircraft was based, was only a repair carrier, not an active combat platform for aircraft operations? Well, it’s whifworld, after all…

Another individual detail are the overpainted areas on fuselage, wings and fins, where the aircraft had carried standard RAF roundels upon delivery, and for the Pacific TO, the roundels were changed en route on short notice, maybe with paints from US supplies. Consequently, the overpainted sections were created with slightly different shades of the basic camouflage colors, namely Humbrol 125 (FS 36118, which was frequently used on FAA lend lease aircraft), Tamiya XF- (Olive Drab) and a mix of Humbrol 90 and 95 for the underside. Any white ID bands on the wings were left away, just the spinner’s segments were painted in black and white.

I used, according to the benchmark F4U, blue-and-white FAA roundels with USN-style white bars, but modified them with a very small, white central disc.

The Room Into The Garden (78) by Earth Designs

Earth Designs Garden Design and Build were asked to created a landscape and propose garden design in Acton, London*. Here are the details of the project

Brief: The plot for this design was a mid-size family garden, which had recently benefited from the addition of a large sunroom on the back of the property. It was a fairly blank canvas, with nothing of note to be retained in the re-design. The garden had side access and worn boundary fences which required replacing. There was no clear brief other than that the design include a seating area and some lawn, and that the transition from sunroom to garden be fairly seamless.

Solution: The focus of this design was to create an exterior space that serves as an extension to the interior, featuring several distinct and versatile areas that can be adapted to a variety of uses.

The garden's boundaries were replaced with new fencing to provide a uniform and attractive backdrop to the transformation within, while the long sideway down the right of the house was renovated with the addition of attractive 'bamboo' slate tile flooring in a random lay pattern.

The first section of the space comprises a large area of Western Red Cedar decking adjoining the house, and offers ample room for entertaining, with a long L-shaped fixed-bench seat stretching width-ways across the space from the left-hand side to the centre. This was backed with a rendered block raised bed, planted with fragrant lavender and capped with 'bamboo' slate tile, to provide a sense of enclosure and separation from the rest of the garden.

A decked walkway running down the right hand side of the space provides access to a 'spa' area, featuring a large square hot tub housed upon a reinforced paved hard-standing and nestled between existing and additional trees, shrubs and foliage to provide a secluded and intimate area for bathing throughout the seasons. Hidden behind mature and new planting in the bottom left corner, a large shed provides ample storage for the client's garden accessories. The middle of the space has been given over to a large lawn edges with slate.

A purple and yellow planting scheme of soft, cottage-style evergreen shrubs and flowering perennials will help to bring year round lightness and subtle colouring to the space.

After-dark hot tub bathing is enhanced by several strings of pea-lights woven through the existing shrubbery. Deck lights demark the main area of decking and guide one's journey along the decked walkway. Finally, spot lights in the beds highlight certain area while providing a gentle wash throughout the space.

Testimonial: "After months of planning and a full year of having builders everywhere, we had finally got the house into good shape but the garden was a nightmare. It had been somewhat overgrown before the builders moved in, but after a year of being used as a builders yard, it needed shock treatment.

We needed help fast so we searched the web. We were looking for garden designers with creative ideas for smaller London gardens. We didn't want anything too traditional but at the same time, nothing too extreme.

Earth Designs fitted the bill and after a design session with Katrina, we engaged them for the project. They had offered us a design service only, but as we only had a 4 week window in which to complete the job, we gave them the whole project.

We had built a new extension with wide glass doors that opened out into the garden, so the brief to Earth Designs was to "bring the outside, inside" and create a strong link between the new room and the garden beyond. The actual garden space was not large so we wanted to use the space as an extension of the living space - to be an "outside room".

Monday 18th April and three very charming men arrived on our doorstep at 8.0am sharp. Arlo was the project manager, ably aided and abetted by Paul and Phillip. They worked brilliantly as a team and always hit all the deadlines. In particular they did a great job in working with our neighbours to ensure the whole project ran smoothly.

The first week involved clearing the site - no mean feat with 30-year-old ivy stems that looked more like tree trunks.

The second week involved levelling the garden, putting up new fencing, building the corner seating base and planters, plus marking out the garden shape. It was good to be able to make minor changes to the design on the ground at this stage. The hot tub arrived too and was winched into place for connection later.

Week 3 saw the decking and seating built.

Then in week four the turf arrived, the lawn went down and on the last day, Katrina arrived with a truckload of wonderful specimens (and Matt) and we had a wonderful time planting. Ground Force Mk II - a complete garden from start to finish in just 4 weeks!

There were a few things that needed to be sorted out after the main work was complete. Earth Designs were great about coming back until all was complete and finished.

Our thanks to Katrina, Matt, Arlo, Paul and Phillip for a great job, completed on time and on budget with a great looking result."

If you dig this and would like to find out more about this or any of other of our designs, please stop by our web-site and have a look at our work.

Earth Designs is a bespoke London Garden Design and build company specialising in classic, funky and urban contemporary garden design.

Our Landscape and Garden build teams cover London, Essex and parts of South East England, while garden designs are available nationwide.

Proposed for restoration by Boston and Maine Railroad Historical Society

The Twin Forks Chapter of the National Railway Historical Society is interested in restoring the former B&M American Flyer coach 4590 now privately owned on eastern Long Island. LIRR renumbered it 7526 when they acquired it from B&M and W-85 when it entered MOW service. Photo taken Jun. 1, 2020 and submitted by Gerard Jewels, courtesy of Carl Byron. Learn more about the B&MRRHS at www.bmrrhs.org. Photo 2382

18165 by Ben Abel

The National Cycle Route 647 on the route of the former Chesterfield and Lincoln Direct Railway, travelling through Old Hag Wood in between Doddington and Skellingthorpe in Lincolnshire.

Like most new railways of the time its purpose was the carriage of coal. The project's leading light was William Arkwright, a descendant of Richard Arkwright who had made the family's fortune by mechanising the spinning of cotton. William Arkwright had settled at Sutton Scarsdale Hall near Chesterfield and with the land came extensive deposits of coal.

The rail network in the vicinity provided by the Midland Railway and the Manchester, Sheffield and Lincolnshire Railway was still in its infancy and would not meet his requirements. In 1887 the Chesterfield and Lincoln Direct Railway was proposed independently to join with Midland lines at each end. It would cross his land but received insufficient support.

Arkwright decided to promote an independent line to provide through roads to opposite coasts of the country. In time it became known as "The East to West". It would be sufficiently large to maintain itself in the face of competition from other railways. There were a number of lines already approved but not carried forward which could be incorporated. With the Newark and Ollerton there was the Macclesfield and Warrington Railway and the Lincoln and East Coast Railway. A number of other lines had been considered but not formally proposed and these, together with plans for dock works at Sutton on Sea which had been approved in 1884, gave Arkwright his route and support from the various landowners involved. The Lancashire Derbyshire and East Coast Railway Company was formed at 27 George St in Westminster and published its plans in 1890.

There was initially a deal of opposition from landowners and other railway companies but, in the end, the main opponent was the MS&LR because the line would bypass its own line from Sheffield to Retford and thence to London. The Great Eastern Railway turned from opponent to supporteer, realising that the line could give it an entree to the Midlands coalfields. The Lancashire, Derbyshire and East Coast Railway Act authorising building the line was given Royal Assent on 5 August 1891.

Due to lack of investment, only the portion from Chesterfield to Lincoln was built. To have continued west of Chesterfield would have required some extremely expensive and difficult engineering works. It was an ambitious undertaking, with some extremely expensive engineering works, crossing the Peak District which had always been a major headache for railway builders. Even to the east it crossed lines of hills running north and south. In addition it would conflict with the lines of a number of other railway companies.

From Lincoln the line would continue eastward over the Lincolnshire Wolds, with a junction near Stainfield as it crossed the GNR Louth to Bardney line. Proceeding well to the north of Horncastle it would cross the East Lincolnshire Railway to the southwest of Alford passing to the south. It would then join that line's loop (at that time known as the Willoughby Railway) near Thurlby turning north east to Sutton on Sea, where the North Sea port would be built.

Passenger services over the line to Lincoln finished in September 1955.

This image is taken from United States Naval Medical Bulletin Vol. 9, Nos. 1-4, 1915 by Medical Heritage Library, Inc.

Go to the Book with image in the Internet Archive

Title: United States Naval Medical Bulletin Vol. 9, Nos. 1-4, 1915

Creator: U.S. Navy. Bureau of Medicine and Surgery

Publisher:

Sponsor:

Contributor:

Date: 1915

Language: eng

Table of Contents

Number 1

PREFACE v

SPECIAL ARTICLES:

Shock, anoci-association and anesthesia.

By Surg. A. M. Fauntleroy 1

The proposed personnel, organization, and equipment of a hospital ship

By Surg. E. M. Blackwell and Chief Pharm. O. G. Ruge 28

The application of Wassermann's reaction to the SOLUTION OF THE

ETIOLOGY OF TROPICAL ULCERATIONS.

By Surg. C. S. Butler 51

Some theories as to the origin of Jackson's veil.

By Asst. Surg. J. M. Lynch, M. R. C 62

A RESUME OF ETIOLOGICAL FACTORS CONCERNED IN YELLOW FEVER.

By Passed Asst. Surg. C. B. Camerer 65

Some observations on the examination of recruits.

By Passed Asst. Surg. J. J. S. McMullin 70

Experience of a surgeon during the occupation of Vera Cruz.

By Asst. Surg. G. T. Vaughan, M. R. C 75

Experiences with marine expeditionary force in Mexico.

By Asst. Surg. R. M. Little, M. R. C 76

Treatment of chronic posterior urethritis.

By Medical Inspector G. T. Smith 80

A NEW METHOD OF EXAMINING STOOLS FOR EGGS.

By Passed Asst. Surg. C. M. Fauntleroy, Public Health Service, and Passed

Asst. Surg. R. Hayden 81

An account of the yellow fever which prevailed on board the United

States Ship Jamestown in 1866-67 at Panama.

By Passed Asst. Surg. W. M. Kerr 82

UNITED STATES NAVAL MEDICAL SCHOOL LABORATORIES:

Additions to the pathological collection 111

Additions to the helmintholoqical collection 111

SUGGESTED DEVICES:

A card index of specific cases.

By Passed Asst. Surg. R. B. Henry 113

The otoscope as an anterior urethroscope.

By Passed Asst. Surg. W. G. Steadman, jr 114

CLINICAL NOTES:

Advance report concerning heliotherapy and ionic medication as employed

at Las Animas, Colo.

By Passed Asst. Surg. C. J. Holeman 119

Compound comminuted fracture of skull.

By Passed Asst. Surg. T. W. Raison 120

A case of reamputation of the leg.

By Surg. R. Spear 122

Tenoplasty for contracture of hamstring tendons.

By Surg. R. R. Richardson 123

Neosalvarsan and mercury in unilateral luetic palsy of abducens.

By Asst. Surg. S. Walker, M. R. C 124

EDITORIAL COMMENT:

Southern Medical Association 127

The William A. Herndon Scholarships, University of Virginia 127

PROGRESS IN MEDICAL SCIENCES:

General medicine. —-The diagnosis and treatment of cholecystitis. The duration

of infection in scarlet fevor. By L. W. Johnson. Diphtheria mortality with and

without the use of antitoxin. By W. E. Eaton.

Observations on the Wassermann reaction. By R. Sheehan 129

Mental and nervous diseases. —The role of hypnotics in mental disease

with indications for their selection and employment. Hereditary ataxia. Psychic

disturbances of dengue. By R. Sheehan 133

Surgery.— Medical arrangements of the British Expeditionary Force. The

home hospitals and the war. The wounded in the war; some surgical lessons. By

L. W. Johnson. The significance of the Jackson veil.

The fate of transplanted bone and the regenerative power of its various

constituents. A plea for the immediate operation of fractures. By A. M.

Fauntleroy and E. II. H. Old 140

Hygiene and sanitation. —Study of a swimming pool with a return purification

system. The period of incubation of diphtheria cultures. Subsistence on board

battleships. The chemical disinfection of water.

Sterilization of water supplies for troops on active service. The

Lettsomian lectures on dysentery. Antimosquito work at Panama. By C. N. Fiske

and R. C. Ransdell 147

Tropical medicine. —Malaria and the transmission of diseases. Prevention

of malaria in the troops of our Indian empire. Researches in sprue. By E. R.

Stitt 152

Pathology, bacteriology, and animal parasitology. —Is pellagra due to

an intestinal parasite? By C. N. Fiske. Laboratory studies on tetanus. The

cultivation of the tubercle bacillus. The bacteriology of pyorrhea alveolaris.

Experimental production of purpura in animals. By A. B. Clifford and G. F.

Clark 156

Chemistry and pharmacy.—On the influence of atmosphere, temperature, and

humidity on animal metabolism. The influence of moisture in the air on

metabolism in the body. Biochemical studies of expired air in relation to

ventilation. The absorption of protein and fat after resection of one-half of

the small intestine. By E. W. Brown and O. G. Ruge. . . 158

Eye, ear, nose, and throat. —Relation of arterial hypertension to subconjunctival

hemorrhage. Ocular manifestations of arteriosclerosis and their diagnostic and

prognostic significance. Salvarsan treatment and optic neuritis. Eye in

locomotor ataxia. The direct method of the intralaryngeal operation.

Inflammation of the accessary sinuses. Normal horse serum in hemorrhage from

nose and throat operations. Tonsillectomy, its indications and choice of

operation. The correction of nasal deformities by mechanical replacement and

the transplantation of bone. By E. J. Grow and G. B. Trible 162

REPORTS:

Points of interest about the Mexican constitutionalist wounded at

Mazatlan.— By Surg. P. S. Rossiter 167

Sanitary report of marine brigade. —By Surg. D. N. Carpenter 173

Report of work at the field hospital of the marine brigade, Vera Cruz,

Mexico. —By Surg. D. N. Carpenter 177

Number 2

PREFACE vii

SPECIAL ARTICLES:

The operative treatment of chronic intestinal stasis.

By Asst. Surg. W. S. Bainbridge, M. R. 0 179

Symposium on intelligence tests.

Service use of intelligence tests.

By Passed Asst. Surg. R. Sheehan 194

The value of the mental test and its relation to the service.

By Passed Asst. Surg. G. E. Thomas 200

Mental defectives at Naval Disciplinary Barracks, Port Royal, S. C.

By Passed Asst. Surg. H. E. Jenkins 211

Review and possibilities of mental tests in the examination of applicants

for enlistment.

By Acting Asst. Surg. A. R. Schier 222

Observations on deep diving.

By Passed Asst. Surg. G. R. W. French 227

Tuberculosis.

By Surg. E. Thompson 253

Observations on seven cases of cerebrospinal fever.

By Passed Asst. Surg. D. C. Cather 259

The posterior urethra and bladder in a hundred cases of chronic gonorrhea.

By Passed Asst. Surg. A. L. Clifton 265

UNITED STATES NAVAL MEDICAL SCHOOL LABORATORIES:

Additions to the pathological collection 271

Additions to the helminthological collection 271

SUGGESTED DEVICES:

Apparatus for securing traction of lower extremities.

By Surg. H. A. Dunn 278

CLINICAL NOTES:

Leukopenia of a marked degree in a fatal case of pneumonia.

By Medical Director E. R. Stitt 275

GASTRIC CHANGES FOLLOWING GASTROENTEROSTOMY.

By Passed Asst. Surgs. H. F. Hull and O. J. Mink 275

TWO CASES OF MALARIA TREATED WITH SALVARSAN.

By Passed Asst. Surg. E. U. Reed 278

PSEUDOLEUKEMIC ANEMIA OF INFANCY OCCURRING IN TWINS.

By Asst. Surg. S. Walker, M. R. C 280,

EDITORIAL COMMENT:

George Perley Bradley, medical director, United States Navy. . . 283

A new quarterly naval medical journal 285

The Harrison law 285

PROGRESS IN MEDICAL SCIENCES:

General medicine. —Differentiation of the diseases included under chronic

arthritis. By L. W. Johnson. The war and typhoid fever. By G. F. Clark. Use of

the Schick test in the suppression of a diphtheria outbreak. By R. Sheehan. The

present status of the treatment of advanced cardiac decompensation. The

influence of diet upon necrosis caused by hepatic and renal poisons. Syphilitic

nephritis. Is emetin sufficient to bring about a radical cure in amebiasis? A case of a

large aneurism of the arch of the aorta with use of bronchoscopy. By E. Thompson

and E. L. Woods 287

Mental and nervous diseases.—The importance of the bony sinuses accessory

to the nose in the explanation of pains in the head, face, and neck. Spinal

decompression in meningomyelitis. Fleeting attacks of manic depressive

psychosis. Epilepsy and cerebral tumor. The ductless glands and mental disease.

Acute paraplegia. By R. Sheehan 295

Surgery. —The Freiburg method of Dammerschlaf or twilight sleep. By W.

G. Steadman. Observations on the seminal vesicles. By H. W. Cole. Rubber

gloves; a technique of mending. A note upon the wounds of the present campaign.

By L. W. Johnson. The silence of renal tuberculosis. Acute hemorrhagic

pancreatitis. Preservation of the iliohypogastric nerve in operation for cure

of inguinal hernia. Aperiosteal amputation through the femur. A modified

incision for approaching the gall bladder. The occurrence of acute

emphysematous gangrene (malignant edema) in wounds received in the war. Note on

the wounds observed during three weeks' fighting in Flanders. The naval action

off Helgoland. By A. M. Fauntleroy and E. H. H. Old 299

Hygiene and sanitation. —Massachusetts Association of Boards of Health;

report of question meeting. The disinfecting properties of gaslight on air of

room. Sewage disinfection for vessels and railway coaches. The prophylaxis of

malaria with special reference to the military service. By C. N. Fiske and R.

C. Ransdell 313

Tropical medicine. —Benzol in bilharzia. By E. L. Woods. Kala-azar and

allied infections. Observations on the eggs of ascaris lumbricoides. By E. R.

Stitt 319

Pathology, bacteriology, and animal parasitology. —The occurrence of

certain structures in the erythrocytes of guinea pigs and their relationship to

the so-called parasite of yellow fever. Observations on myeloid sarcoma with an

analysis of fifty cases. By G. F. Clark. A new and rapid method for the

isolation and cultivation of tubercle bacilli directly from the sputum and

feces. Appendicitis treated with

anticolon bacillus serum and vaccine. The retention of iron in the organs

in hemolytic anemia. By C. S. Butler and A. B. Clifford 321

Chemistry and pharmacy. —The analysis of emulsions. Notes on the estimation

of morphin and Lloyd's reagent. By P. J. Waldner. Merck's annual report of

recent advances in pharmaceutical chemistry and

therapeutics. By E. W. Brown and O. G. Ruge 326

Eye, ear, nose, and throat. —The tonsils as a habitat of oral

entamebas. By O N. Fiske. Enucleation of the eye under local anasthesia. On a

modification of Siegrist's method of local anesthesia in enucleation of

the eyeball. The use of pituitary extract as a coagulant in the surgery

of the nose and throat. Value of roentgenography in diagnosis of diseases of

the larynx and trachea. The difficulties and dangers of exploratory puncture of

the antrum of Highmore. By E. J. Grow and G. B.Trible 331

REPORTS:

Extracts from annual sanitary reports. —Notes on marine recruiting. By

F. H. Brooks. Notes on recruiting. By J. B. Bostick. Economy in use of hospital

supplies. By A. R. Wentworth. Venereal prophylaxis. Examination of civil

employees. By C. N. Fiske. Industrial notes from Boston yard. By N. J.

Blackwood. Notes on tropical hygiene. By A. Stuart. Battleship ventilation. Use

of barracks during . overhaul period. By T. W. Richards. Sanitary notes from

the U. S. S. Ozark. Malarial prophylaxis. By R. W. McDowell. Sanitary notes from

the U. S. S. Virginia. By G. L. Angeny 335

The Schick Test and the use of diphtheria antitoxin.

By Passed Asst. Surg. J. J. A. McMullin 362

Number 3

PREFACE vii

SPECIAL ARTICLES:

The normal heart in the Navy.

By Surg. G. F. Freeman 363

Surgical diagnosis and technic involving the appendix.

By Surg. A. M. Fauntleroy 381

Functional testing of the ear.

By Passed Asst. Surg. G. B. Trible 400

A few points in diagnosis of gastric and duodenal ulcer by means of the

X-ray.

By Passed Asst. Surg. A. L. Clifton 410

The damage of syphilis to the Navy.

By Passed Asst. Surg. G. F. Cottle 414

Recent conceptions of bronchial asthma.

By Asst. Surg. M. H. Sirard, M. R. C 419

UNITED STATES NAVAL MEDICAL SCHOOL LABORATORIES:

Additions to the pathological collection 423

Additions to the helmintholooical collection 423

SUGGESTED DEVICES:

A venereal head.

By Passed Asst. Surg. G. F. Cottle 425

A NEW MESSING SYSTEM FOR NAVAL HOSPITALS.

By Hosp. Steward F. E. Simmons 426

Messing arrangements in the U. S. Naval Hospital, Philadelphia.

By Surg. H. A. Dunn and Chief Pharm. P. J. Waldner 428

Castor oil. An aseptic dressing on the field of battle.

By Asst. Surg. A. E. Gallant, M.R.C 430

CLINICAL NOTES:

A case of fracture-dislocation of spine. Laminectomy.

By Surg. R. E. Ledbetter and Asst. Surg. H. Priest 433

A CASE OF ANEURYSM OF THE LEFT POSTERIOR INFERIOR CEREBELLAR ARTERY.

By Passed Asst. Surg. E. L. Woods 434

A CASE OF MALIGNANT ENDOCARDITIS. By Passed Asst. Surg. M E. Higgins

436

A POSSIBLE NEW X-RAY SIGN OF TUBERCULOSIS.

By Surg. E. Thompson and Hosp. Steward H. L. Gall 436

A CASE OF PURPURA HEMORRHAGICA (?) WITH MARKED LEUKOPENIA. By Passed

Asst. Surg. W. L. Mann, jr 438

Report of twenty-eight cases of pyorrhea alveolaris treated with emetin

hydrochlorid.

By Passed Asst. Surg. A. H. Allen 440

Intravenous injection of neosalvarsan in concentrated solution.

By Passed Asst. Surg. C. B. Camerer 441

TRANSLATIONS:

Catheterization of the ejaculatory canals.

By Surg. R. A. Bachmann 443

Hospital ships.

By Pharm. S. Wierzbicki 452

First-aid stations and transportation of the wounded in naval battle.

By Med. Inspect. S. G. Evans 454

PROGRESS IN MEDICAL SCIENCES:

General medicine. —The value of typhoid vaccines in the treatment of typhoid

fever. By L. W. Johnson. The intravenous and intramuscular administration of

diphtheria antitoxin. The noninfective causes of so-called rheumatism. Not very

well known causes of hematuria. Prodromal symptoms of gallstones. Observations

on renal functions in acute experimental unilateral nephritis. By E. Thompson

and E. L.

Woods 469

Mental and nervous diseases. —A critical study of Lange'a gold reaction

in cerebrospinal fluid. Post-operative nervous and mental disturbances. The

significance of the unconscious in psychopathology. By R. Sheehan 475

Surgery. —The role of gastroenterostomy in the treatment of ulcers. Ether-oil

colonic anesthesia. By H. W. Smith. Ununited fractures treated by long-axial

drilling of the fractured bone-ends. By E. Thompson. War surgery. The

osteogenic power of periosteum; with a note on bone transplantation. The

technic of cholecystectomy. The German use of asphyxiating gases. Transfusion

by the syringe method. The North Sea action of January 24. The best method of

treating wounds sustained in action, especially during the early period after

their infliction. By A. M. Fauntleroy and E. H. H. Old 479

Hygiene and sanitation. —The possibility of conveying typhoid fever by

clothing, contaminated food, and soiled fingers. The microbic content of indoor

and outdoor air. By E. W. Brown. Some results of the

first year's work of the New York State Commission on Ventilation. By

C. N. Eiske and E. W. Brown. Tincture of iodin and the prevention of venereal

disease. Ability of colon bacilli to survive pasteurization.

The specific gravity of the human body. Lead poisoning in the manufacture

of storage batteries. By C. N. Fiskc and R. C. Ransdell 495

Tropical medicine.—Pathology of verruga peruviana. The importance of

tertiary yaws. By C. S. Butler. The treatment of ancylostomiasis. By A. B.

Clifford. Studies in malaria. New theories and investigations

concerning pellagra. Immediate relapse in tertian malaria after energetic

salvarsan treatment. By E. R. Stitt 502

Pathology, bacteriology, and animal parasitology. —A study of the endamebas

of man in the Panama Canal Zone. Lipoids in immunity. The mechanism of antibody

action. The diagnosis and treatment of

parenchymatous syphilis. The bacteriology of appendicitis and its production

by intravenous injection of streptococci and colon bacilli. By G. F. Clark. On

the filterability and biology of spirochetes. A differential study of

coccidiodal granuloma and blastomycosis. Notes on the diagnosis of Asiatic

cholera at autopsy. The morphology of the adults of the filarise found in the

Philippine Islands. By C. S. Butler and A. B. Clifford 508

Chemistry and pharmacy.—Coloring of bichlorid of mercury solutions. By

L. Zembsch. An experimental study of lavage in acute carbolic acid poisoning.

By A. B. Clifford. Notes on a new alkaloid found in

nux vomica. Preliminary note on a new pharmacodynamic assay method. By

P. J. Waldnar. Estimation of urea. Estimation of urea and indirectly of

allantoin in urine by means of urease. Urea; its distribution in and

elimination from the body. Results of the hypochlorite disinfection of water

supplies. A further study of the chemical composition and nutritive value of

fish subjected to prolonged period of cold storage. By E. W. Brown and O. G.

Ruge 515

Eye, ear, nose, and throat. —Treatment of trachoma with carbonic acid snow.

Samoan conjunctivitis Is there a natural or acquired immunity to trachoma?

Clinical and anatomical study of a case of isolated

reflex immobility of the pupil, paralysis, tabes, and cerebrospinal syphilis

being excluded. Protection against injury of the hearing.Chronic local

infection of the nose, throat, and ear as a cause of general infection. The

sympathetic syndrome (undescribed) of sphenopalatine or nasal ganglion

neurosis. Shell explosions and the special senses. By E. J. Grow and G. B.

Trible 521

REPORTS:

Extracts from annual sanitary reports. —A review of the treatment and

results at the U. S. Naval Sanatorium for Tuberculosis at Las Animas, Colo. By

G. H. Barber. Battleship ventilation. ( Permanent detail of stretchermen. By J.

S. Taylor. Genito-urinary disease at Chelsea. By G. B. Wilson. Malarial prophylaxis. By H.

L. Smith. Sanitary notes from the U. S. S. Washington. By H. A. May. Sanitary

notes

from the U. S. S. Michigan. By J. A. Murphy. Sanitary notes from the U.

S. S. Palos. By D. C. Post. Camp sanitation. By R. I. Longabaugh 527

Lymphatic leukemia complicated by priapism. By Passed Asst. Surg. J. J.

A. McMullin 542

The seventy-first annual meeting of the American Medico-Psychological

Association. By Passed Asst. Surg. R. Sheehan 544

Number 4

PREFACE vii

SPECIAL ARTICLES:

Observations upon the epidemiology of an outbreak of measles at the

Naval Training Station, Norfolk, Va.

By Surg. C. E. Riggs 647

The present status of the Hospital Corps. By Passed Asst. Surg. W. E.

Eaton , 556

The use of hospital ships in time of war.

By Passed Asst. Surg. R J. Straeten 565

Venereal disease aboard ship.

By Passed Asst. Surg. G. F. Cottle 571

Some dangers in passing the ureteral catheter to the kidney.

By Asst. Surg. B. C. Willis, M. R. C 577

Shanghai and Yangtze River hospitals.

By Passed Asst. Surg. R. H. Laning 679

Some medical aspects of the upper Yangtze River country.

By Asst. Surg. D. C. Post 620

Some medical conditions in China.

By Passed Asst. Surg. R. G. Davis 630

UNITED STATES NAVAL MEDICAL SCHOOL LABORATORIES:

Additions to the pathological collection 635

Additions to the helminthological collection 635

SUGGESTED DEVICES:

An ambulance motor boat for hospital ships.

By Surg. E. M. Blackwell 637

CLINICAL NOTES:

Unusual type of typhus on U. S. S. Monocacy. Report of case. By Asst.

Surg. W. B. Hetfield 641

Injury by dynamite explosion. By Passed Asst. Surgs. G. C. Thomas and

L. W. Johnson 643

A case of hemorrhagic pancreatitis.

By Passed Asst. Surgs. G. C. Thomas and L. W. Johnson 644

Salvarsan in the treatment of schistosomiasis. Report of case.

By Asst. Surg. D. C. Post '645

An usually severe case of urticaria.

By Passed Asst. Surg. W. E. Eaton 650

Early reinfection with syphilis.

By Surg. T. W. Richards 651

A fatal cask of cecal ulceration with extensive complications.

Bv Passed Asst. Surg. W. L. Mann, jr 653

EDITORIAL COMMENT:

Scarcity and cost of medical supplies due to disturbance of European

markets 655

Bind your Bulletins 655

PROGRESS IN MEDICAL SCIENCES:

General medicine. —The recent epidemic of smallpox in New South Wales.

By L. W. Johnson. The causes of indigestion. A study of 1,000 cases. By E. H.

H. Old. Certain physical signs referable to the diaphragm and their importance

to diagnosis. An epidemic of influenza in the Island of St. Kilda. Pollen

therapy in hay fever. Studies in bronchial glands. Mode of action and use of

emetin in endamebiasis. The treatment of eczema with special reference to the

use of vaccine and the part played by bacteria in its etiology. Report of 50

cases. Study of diseases of stomach and duodenum by X-ray. Cure and recurrence of

syphilis. By E. Thompson and E. L. Woods 667

Mental and nervous diseases.—Differential diagnosis of general paresis.

What is paranoia? The cerebrospinal fluid in diagnosis and treatment. Raynaud's

syndrome. Raynaud's disease. What tests in childhood are best calculated to

throw light upon the capacities of mental defectives for future work. The

Binet-Simon method and the intelligence of adult prisoners. By R. Sheehan 669

Surgery.— Medical narrative of the arrangements of the first division

at the Battle of the Aisne. The medical aspects of modern warfare, with special

reference to the use of hospital ships. By T. W. Richards. Injuries to the bowel from shell and

bullet wounds. By L. W. Johnson. Account of six specimens of great bowel

removed by operation; observations on motor mechanism of colon. Symptomless

renal hematuria arising from tumors,

aneurysms in the renal pelvis, and early tuberculosis. The treatment of

urethral stricture by excision. Some observations on bone transplantation.

Blood transfusion by the citrate method. Disinfection of the hands and

abdominal skin before operation. Partial regeneration of bone. By H. W.Smith.

Epididymotomy for acute epididymitis as an out-patient procedure. By W. E.

Eaton. Occlusion of the pylorus. Prevalent fallacies concerning subacromial

bursitis. Its pathogenoesis

and rational operative treatment. Autogenous bone grafts versus Lane's

plates. A new procedure for the cure of chronic synovitis. Report on the

wounded in the action between the Sydney and the Emden.

By E. H. H. Old 672

Hygiene and sanitation. —Paint poisoning. By T. W. Richards. Sterilization

of water by chlorin. The prevalence of occupational factors in disease and

suggestions for their elimination. Bismuth-paste

poisoning —report of a fatal case. The making of a milk commission. Present

practice relating to city waste collection and disposal. A statistical study of

personal association as a factor in the etiology of pellagra. The influence of

age of the grandparent at the birth of the parent on the number of the children

born and their sex. By C. N. Fiske and R. O. Ransdell 694

Pathology, bacteriology, and animal parasitology. —Simple and efficient

contrast stain for B. diphtheriae. By C. N. Fiske. The heart muscle in

pneumonia. The sterilization of vaccines and the influence of the various

methods employed on their antigenic properties. The Wassermann and luetin

reactions in leprosy. By C. S. Butler and A. B. Clifford 700

Eye, ear, nose, and throat. —Relation of general arteriosclerosis to certain

ocular conditions. Eyestrain and ocular discomfort from faulty illumination. Hemorrhage

from the nose and throat. Diagnosis and conservative treatment of inflammation

of the accessory sinuses of the nose. Primary carcinoma of the tonsils. Nasal

polypi. By E. J. Grow and G. B. Trible 703

REPORTS. —Topographical extracts from annual sanitary reports:

Yangtze River ports. By Passed Asst. Surg. C. L. Beeching 707

Cape Haitien, Haiti. By Asst. Surg. C. P. Lynch 710

Santo Domingo and Haiti. By Passed Asst. Surg. E. A. Vickery 714

Vera Cruz, Santo Domingo, and Haiti. By Surg. R. W. Plummer 715

Santo Domingo. By Asst. Surg. J. B. Helm 716

Bluefields, Nicaragua. By Asst. Surg. C. P. Lynch 719

Alaskan ports. By Surg. W. S. Pugh, jr 723

INDEX 727

If you have questions concerning reproductions, please contact the Contributing Library.

Note: The colors, contrast and appearance of these illustrations are unlikely to be true to life. They are derived from scanned images that have been enhanced for machine interpretation and have been altered from their originals.

Read/Download from the Internet Archive

See all images from this book

See all MHL images published in the same year

LPTB Letter to Outdoor Administrative Staff, number 23 : the North London Electrification Scheme, April 1938 : proposed initial train services to & from new lines by mikeyashworth

12 2

During the late 1920s and into the 1930s, at a time of huge expansion of the London Underground system, a series of "letters" to varous grades of administrative staff explaining issues of policy were issued. Starting in 1927, these 'personal' letters from the 'Operating Manager' blossomed into quite sizeable publications, complete with extensive maps, drawings and plans - especially of the massive schemes connected with the London Passenger Transport Board's "New Works Programme, 1935 - 40. This, the largest ever single investment programme initiated by the newly unified "London Transport" included the Central line extensions both east and west, the Northern line extensions, the Bakerloo's Stanmore branch works as well as the replacement of the capital's tramway system by trolleybuses. Most of the schemes were seriously interupted by the outbreak of war in 1939 and whilst some were re-started in post-war years others, most notably the Northern line extensions and the tram/trolleybus switch-over were mostly abandoned.

Letter No. 23, dated 26 April 1938, is a detailed description of the North London Electrification Scheme that involved both new works in tune to connect the existing Highgate and Northern City branches to the existing mainline Alexandra Palace, High Barnet and Edgware branches of the LNER along with electrification of these steam operated branches. The works also saw an intended extension of the existing Edgware branch north to a new terminus at Bushey Heath along with a new depot at Aldenham. Although much work started, including the Bushey Heath extension and works to the Alexandra Palace via Finsbury Park branches, these were formally abandoned in the 1940s - partially due to parlous state of the UK's post-war economy as well as the new 'Green Belt' planning legislation that nailed any major new suburban developments north of Edgware. The link at low level of the tube north of Archway at Highgate and out to East Finchley did come into use and the whole branch to High Barnet was converted along with a stub of the Edgware branch to Mill Hill East. Although East Finchley station was reconstructed along "LT" lines no other major reconstructions took place and indeed the original GNR stations still mostly serve the Tube to this day. The depot at Aldenham was built and after wartime use as a factory it became, instead, London's second major bus overhaul works.

This diagram shows the proposed train service frequencies over the existing branches and serving the new Northern line extensions.

Proposed Lounge Design by Jon Rogers

Baliwag Transit by shining_daggers06

7 14

Proposed new livery for Baliwag Transit

Legislation streamlines access to disability assistance by Province of British Columbia

Proposed legislation will allow government to prescribe groups of people as Persons with Disabilities (PWD) without them completing a 28-page application or additional assessments by medical practitioners.

Learn more: news.gov.bc.ca/releases/2016SDSI0004-000193

Flint (Vanport Flint, Middle Pennsylvanian; Flint Ridge, Ohio, USA) 478 by James St. John

Flint from the Pennsylvanian of Ohio, USA.

Flint is the state gemstone of Ohio. "Flint" is sometimes used as a lithologic term by modern geologists, but it is a synonym for chert. Flint and chert are the same - they are cryptocrystalline, quartzose sedimentary rocks. Rockhounds often assert that flint is high-quality while chert is low-quality. In early times, light-colored material was called "chert" and dark-colored material was called "flint". Some geologists assert that "flint" implies a biogenic origin and "chert" implies a chemical origin.

Many cherts do have a chemical origin - chert nodules are moderately common in some limestone units. The nodules form during diagenesis - pre-existing silica components in the carbonate sediments are dissolved, mobilized, and reprecipitated as chert masses. Some cherts do have a biogenic origin - for example, radiolarian cherts (rich in radiolarian microfossils) or spicular cherts (rich in siliceous sponge spicules). Another proposed origin for some chert / flint is altered quartzose eolian dust deposits on ancient seafloors.

The most famous flint deposit in Ohio is Flint Ridge, in Licking County. At this locality, the Middle Pennsylvanian-aged Vanport Flint is exposed in several places. The geologic literature on the Vanport Flint is relatively sparse, with inaccurate, incomplete descriptions and characterizations. For example, the literature describes the Vanport as a sheet of flint at Flint Ridge - it's actually a meganodule horizon. Other descriptions refer to the chert as the remains of siliceous sponges. In reality, siliceous sponge spicules are quite scarce in Vanport samples.

Two graduate student projects during the 2000s, conducted at two different universities, had very different conclusions & interpretations about the origin of the Vanport Flint. A 2003 study concluded that chert at Flint Ridge is biogenic in origin. A 2006 study concluded that the chert is chemical in origin.

Modern flint knappers value the Vanport Flint for being multicolored and high-quality (= very few impurities). With artificial heating, the flint is more easily knapped into arrowheads, spear points, and other objects. Prehistoric Americans quarried the Vanport Flint at many specific sites on Flint Ridge. Old flint pits can be seen along hiking trails in Flint Ridge State Park ("Flint Ridge State Memorial"; "Flint Ridge Ancient Quarries & Nature Preserve"). Many prehistoric artifacts found in Ohio (arrowheads & spearpoints - "projectile points") are composed of Vanport Flint.

The bluish-gray areas are chalcedony-filled fractures (+ some "megaquartz" crystals).

Stratigraphy: Vanport Flint, Allegheny Group, upper Middle Pennsylvanian

Locality: Nethers Flint Quarries - flint pit in the woods on the southwestern side of Flint Ridge Road, eastern Flint Ridge, far-western Muskingum County, east-central Ohio, USA (vicinity of 40° 00.137’ North latitude, 82° 11.544’ West longitude)

propose by Gump Im

2 3

Proposing to Bern by Brian

again

t-shirt_4 by Nikolay Vanchev

4 12

Proposed t-shirt design for my electric design portal etcetering.com

Proposed Pipeline Corridor by Londen Wheeler

This is where the proposed center of the pipeline corridor is supposed to be located.

aDORKable Poses: Rug Burn II by Adorkable Peapod

6 2

Includes mirror poses...20 poses total!

Proposed Supply Routes from Lake Winnipeg and Lake Manitoba (1967) by Manitoba Historical Maps

Metropolitan Corporation of Greater Winnipeg. Proposed Supply Routes from Lake Winnipeg and Lake Manitoba [map]. Scale not given. In: Metropolitan Corporation of Greater Winnipeg. The Water Supply Study, Report. Metro Winnipeg Water Requirements to 2020. Winnipeg: Metropolitan Corporation of Greater Winnipeg, Waterworks and Waste Disposal Division, 1967, Figure 8-2.

Shows proposed Lake Manitoba Water Supply Channel and proposed Lake Winnipeg Aqueduct.

Llwynypia Colliery No3 Rhondda Seam by Lee Reynolds

LLWYNYPIA COLLIERY, LLWYNYPIA, RHONDDA.

Any recollection of this colliery and its workforce is inseparable from the name of Archibald Hood, a Scotsman who bestrode mid-Rhondda and elsewhere as a colossus of the mining world, and beyond that distinction too. A brief summary of this man’s career –where to do justice, a volume is needed – is that in 1860, when he arrived in Wales from Kilmarnock, Ayrshire, he was merely thirty-seven, but in a brief twenty-five of those years in Scotland, he achieved more than most men of that time would achieve in a lifetime, becoming a qualified mining engineer and coal-owner, genuinely highly-respected in both spheres by his mining peers and workforce. His interest and concern in the latter extended beyond their daily duties, with the provision of good accommodation complete with gardens for food production, and also encouraging their purchase of domestic needs from co-operative initiatives. But, as illustrious as he was in Scotland, he would, over the next forty-two years in Wales, carve a second career that would overtake his first.

Hood’s first Welsh mining involvement was at Tylcha Fach Level in Coed Ely, which exploited the thin bituminous Ty Du seam of less than a yard thickness. The colliery was owned by the Ely Valley Coal Company, and its office and winding-engine house are still in existence, modified into three residences, sitting above Tylcha Fach Estate, an elevated, relatively-new housing development which sits on the valley-side opposite the former Coedely Colliery. He had arrived there in 1860, commissioned by Messrs. Campbell and Mitchell-Innes to determine if a proposed investment in small mines in the area would be profitable, but in an interim period and inexplicably not seeking Hood’s advice, Campbell and Mitchell-Innes were persuaded, unwisely, to buy the level. Although Hood later joined them there, his thoughts were focussed on deep mining at Llwynypia, and when the Ely Valley Coal Company was liquidated, he, Campbell and Mitchell-Inness formed the new Glamorgan Coal Company and began shaft sinkings at Llwynypia Colliery. Eventually, under Hood’s leadership two more deep mines were established at Penrhiwfer and Gilfach Goch.

Evidence of the beginning of Llwynypia Colliery, dated February 27th,1861, is shown on page four (pages 1-3 missing) of Glamorgan Coal Company’s Cash Book, which over the following twenty-eight days showed directors’ cash injections of £3,600, including £300 by Archibald Hood. It provides early-years evidence that though Hood was undoubtedly the driving force at Llwynypia, his periodical purchase of company shares was always much less than his fellow directors! A search for this colliery through officially-recognised sources will be unsuccessful if ‘Glamorgan’ or ‘Scotch’ is used as a search-word, for the correct name is ‘Llwynypia’, which broadly translates as ‘Magpies Grove’. However, for good reason, ‘Glamorgan’ and ‘Scotch’ soon became every-day alternatives, and they are unquestioned and accepted to this day – but why did they originate? Imagine, you are a Scot, beginning work as a miner in a very sparsely populated area, where the native language is predominantly Welsh, a tongue completely foreign to you. Inevitably, at some time, you will be asked your place of residence or employment: do you invite ridicule, by attempting to pronounce ‘Llwynypia’, or do you use your wits, replying with the easily-pronounced ‘Scotch’, a reference to the colliery’s predominantly Scottish workforce imported by Archibald Hood – or the equally easy ‘Glamorgan’, the name of the company owning the colliery?

To accommodate his workforce, Hood found it necessary to build, and eventually, 271 homes were constructed in fifteen terraces adjacent to, and overlooking the colliery, of which 256 are still in occupied existence, together with several impressive managers’ residences built in the proximity of the colliery. More dwellings were built near his Penrhiwfer and Gilfach Goch mines, and to this day, in all three villages, there remain references to the Glamorgan Coal Company, Hood’s nationality, and Scottish landmarks. Sherwood (several), Gilmour, Anderson, Thistle, St. Andrew, Ayton, Campbell, Argyll, Grange, Holyrood, Rosedale, Bruce (Penrhiwfer), Scotch and Dundonnell (both at Gilfach Goch), all are overtly Scottish-influenced place-names, but there were acknowledgements to Wales, with Cambrian, Glamorgan, Llewelyn, Glandwr, Llwynypia, Glyncornel, Iscoed, etc. Missing from all these is a landmark dubbed ‘Hood’ by Hood himself, and perhaps this remarkable, extraordinary man knew there was no need for self-acclaim, for in his modest way he probably realized that his achievements in South Wales would render that self-perpetuation superfluous.

There were six vertical shafts and two levels at Llwynypia. On the Llwynypia side of the River Rhondda Fawr were shafts 1, 2, 3 and 4. Nos 1, and 2 shafts were sunk to exploit the shallow Nos. 2 and 3 Rhondda seams but were eventually deepened to exploit the steam coals in the deeper seams; No. 3 shaft worked the shallow seams too, but, whilst reportedly sunk to also exploit the lower seams, it closed in 1908. The coal in the Nos. 2 and 3 Rhondda seams was bituminous, used as a domestic fuel and also as the basic element in coke production, fuelling the 281 ovens at Llwynypia and Gilfach Goch collieries, where an impressive 1,400 tons was produced weekly. Additionally important, at the floor of these seams was fireclay, a mineral consisting of the roots of dead plants, extracted along with the coal, the decayed vegetation above the plant-roots, both having undergone change, metamorphosis, through heat and deep burial over millions of years. This clay was a valuable by-product, an essential constituent of the 10,000 or so bricks made daily by women in the colliery’s above-ground brick-making plant.

The three shafts (1, 2 and 3) were sunk in a line, parallel to and near the Taff Vale Railway, their extremes contained within an incredible 35.33 yards. No. 4 shaft did not conduct minerals, it was sunk purely to accommodate water pumped from the whole of the colliery’s workings, and its former location is today bordered by a fast-food outlet adjacent to Llwynypia Road. When the colliery ceased production in 1945, the yard remained in use as a rescue-station and central workshop, and the shaft remained open at the No. 3 Rhondda seam, 108 yards level, for water-pumping only until 1966, when total colliery closure took place. The writer recalls, during the mid-1960s, many times travelling to his ventilation duties there, in a very small, single-deck cage, the only one that could be accommodated in this extremely narrow shaft. No. 5 shaft, on the Trealaw side of the river, did not conduct minerals, it was sunk purely to conduct the whole of the colliery’s stale air to the surface, but at times through the colliery’s life this function was fulfilled by other shafts, including No. 6, when No. 5 closed. No. 6 shaft, close to the Collier’s Arms at Ynyscynon Road, was sunk to exploit the deep, steam coals.

In descending order, the seams worked at Llwynypia Colliery were: No. 1 Rhondda (only at an inconsequential, almost mountaintop level, see below); No. 2 Rhondda; No. 3 Rhondda; Pentre; Two Feet Nine Inches; Lower Six Feet; Upper Nine Feet (Red Vein): Lower Nine Feet and Bute; Bute; Five Feet; Lower Five Feet. The Lower Five Feet was the deepest-worked seam and was found at 517 yards in the 525 yards deep No. 1 shaft. The two levels were established on the Trealaw side of the river, with the highly-productive Sherwood Level, whose entrance was adjacent to No. 5 shaft, shallowly traversing under Ynyscynon Nursery as it commenced its 950 yard journey into Rhondda Fach, extracting the No. 2 Rhondda seam. It was opened in 1905, in anticipation of the closure of No. 3 shaft, thereby maintaining the essential supply of bituminous coal and fireclay for the production of coke and bricks, but it closed in 1923 when those reserves were exhausted. That year also saw the closure of Llwynypia Colliery Mountain Level, situated high on the Trealaw mountainside; it was a largely-exploratory, short-lived venture into the No. 1 Rhondda seam for its much-sought bituminous coal and fireclay, but one which was of limited presence due to glacial action and erosion by the elements. Reliable and complete manpower and production figures for Llwynypia are not available, but the colliery was certainly prolific in both, with 4,200 employees in 1902, and 700,000 tons output in 1923 being quoted, although the latter figure, is much lower than the widely-held figure of one million tons per annum.

Archibald Hood was that rarity, a truly-respected coal-owner. He was canny and conservative but also a humanitarian, and at Llwynypia, as in Scotland, he sought to beneficially influence the lives of his workmen and their families. Whereas D. A Thomas, Chairman of Cambrian Collieries Ltd, injected nothing into the Clydach Valley communities, Hood’s hand was everywhere in Llwynypia, manifested by the provision of schools, St. Andrews Church, a Miners Institute, complete with library and billiards tables — a swimming pool, tennis courts, cricket, football and rugby fields, and even the winter-time provision of a large, outdoor ice-skating area! He encouraged his workforce to grow food by providing large garden areas at the fronts of their dwellings, simultaneously seeking to divert the male occupants from alcohol, an imperative, given the volatile temperaments of the Welsh, Scots, and the Irish that later inhabited the community! He was known for his attention to detail, often involved in matters which his minions might have been expected to supervise – the writer’s grandmother lost an arm at Llwynypia when sixteen in 1893, amputated when caught in brick-making machinery, and Hood, then seventy, personally attended the matter, obtaining a job for the one-armed girl at the Tonypandy ironmongery of John Cox – Hood, probably not needing to remind Cox of Glamorgan Coal Company’s patronage!

When he died, aged 79, in 1902, a fund was established to erect a statue, the first in Rhondda, and this likeness, with an arm horizontal, pointing to his colliery, stands to this day, overlooking Llwynypia Road. Such was the respect of his workmen that the fund was heavily over-subscribed, with the surplus being used to provide a gas-lit statue and animal drinking-trough, now modified and situated near Tonypandy Library, removed from its original site at Tonypandy Square. Six years after his death, Llwynypia Colliery was taken under the control of D. A. Thomas’s Cambrian Collieries Ltd, of whom Leonard Llewelyn was General Manager. Today, it is known that Llewelyn was a liar, impostor and opportunist, but when he and Llwynypia Colliery became newspaper headlines in the Tonypandy Coal Strike and the associated rioting of 1910-11, he excelled in concealing and distorting the truth, by manipulating Establishment-based newspapers, the only information source of those times. To expose Llewelyn, one needed mining experience and a source of publication, both possessed by, and available to the writer, but not so in the latter-essential to miners in the 1910-11 period. So, critically, the untruths in those newspapers passed unchallenged, and became immediate history, creating false perceptions of events that deceived many historians and others to the present day. Llewelyn’s lies would not have sat well with Hood, and one wonders, when at the peak of his powers, would he have vetoed the Cambrian purchase of Llwynypia? Had it been possible to configure that time-span, he might have prevented the immense suffering that occurred in mid-Rhondda in 1910-11.

Propose by Mickey Huang

Panasonic GX7

LUMIX G 20mm F1.7 ASPH.

TfL image - Manor Park Station Road by Transport for London Press Images

Proposed image of station which would be part funded by CCM programme

A Self-Evident Lie, proposed cover by John Tewell

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This is my son Jeremy’s proposed cover for his book “A Self-Evident Lie: Southern Slavery and the Threat to American Freedom”. It is now listed on Amazon at a pre-publication price. It is one of a series of books being published by Kent State University. It is scheduled to be released November 30. www.amazon.com/Self-Evident-Lie-Southern-Slavery-American...

A Self-Evident Lie: Southern Slavery and the Threat to American Freedom

Jeremy J. Tewell PhD

A welcome addition to our understanding of northern antislavery and the rise of the Republican Party

If slavery was the beneficent and paternalistic institution that southerners claimed, could it not be applied with equal morality to whites as well as blacks? Republicans repeatedly expressed concern that proslavery arguments were not inherently racial. Anyone, irrespective of race, could fall victim to the argument that they were “inferior,” that they would be better off enslaved, that their enslavement served the interests of society, or that their subjugation was justified by history and religion.

In trenchant and graceful prose, Jeremy Tewell argues that some Republicans, most notably Abraham Lincoln, held that the only effective safeguard of individual liberty was universal liberty, as expressed in the Declaration of Independence. As long as Americans believed that “all men” were endowed with inalienable rights to life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness, everyone’s liberty would be self-evident, regardless of circumstance. Conversely, the justifications invoked to exclude a segment of society from the rights of man destroyed the self-evidence of those rights. Having rejected the Declaration’s principle that all men are naturally free, Americans eliminated simple humanity as an unquestionable defense against oppression. And unless all men were assumed to be free because they were men, anyone, under the right circumstances, could be classified as weak or dangerous or inferior, and enslaved for those reasons.

This was a major theme in Lincoln’s campaign against Stephen A. Douglas and the introduction of popular sovereignty as the method for determining slavery’s status in the territories. According to Tewell, Lincoln’s greatest challenge was to convince northern audiences that simple indifference to slavery was itself inimical to the liberty of whites. The question, as Lincoln saw it, was whether liberty would be universal (at least in theory) or whether the justifications for black slavery would survive to threaten the liberty of all—a danger he pointed to repeatedly, as when he criticized Douglas for convincing the public not to care about slavery and for qualifying the Declaration of Independence, which he viewed as the only sure defense against circumstance and the self-interest of the powerful.

Jeremy J. Tewell is a Kansas USA native, his works have appeared in The Historian and Civil War History.

“For anyone interested in issues related to Lincoln, slavery, and the Civil War, Jeremy Tewell has provided an often elegant, always thoughtful intellectual feast.”

—Michael S. Green, College of Southern Nevada

The Amazon review says that Jeremy is assistant professor of history at Nicholls State University in Thibodaux, Louisiana. That is not so. The job was eliminated due to state funding cuts. Our wonderful public servants politicians get up in front of crowds saying how important education is in keeping the USA on top then turn around and cut funding where only the wealthy can send their children to college. The governor of Kansas has completely cut funding for liberal arts education. The governor of Oklahoma has introduced legislation to lower income tax. How is she going to pay for it? Well of course by cutting funding to education.

Ampelmann - Stop by Russell and Susan

With thanks to Wikipedia:

Ampelmännchen (help·info) (German: little traffic light man, pl. Ampelmännchen) is the symbolic person shown on traffic lights at pedestrian crossings in the former German Democratic Republic (GDR - East Germany). Prior to the German reunification in 1990, the two German states had different forms for the Ampelmännchen, with a generic human figure in West Germany, and a generally male figure wearing a hat in the east.

The Ampelmännchen is a beloved symbol in Eastern Germany, "enjoy[ing] the privileged status of being one of the few features of communist East Germany to have survived the end of the Iron Curtain with his popularity unscathed." After the fall of the Berlin Wall, the Ampelmännchen acquired cult status and became a popular souvenir item in the tourism business.

Concept and design

The first traffic lights at pedestrian crossings were erected in the 1950s, and many countries developed different designs (which were eventually standardized). At that time, traffic lights were the same for cars, bicycles and pedestrians. The East Berlin Ampelmännchen was created in 1961 by traffic psychologist Karl Peglau as part of a proposal for a new traffic lights layout. Peglau criticised the fact that the standard colours of the traffic lights (red, yellow, green) did not provide for road users who were unable to differentiate between colours (10 percent of the total population); and that the lights themselves were too small and too weak when competing against luminous advertising and sunlight. Peglau proposed to retain the three colours but to introduce intuitive shapes for each coloured light. This idea received strong support from many sides, but Peglau's plans were doomed by the high costs involved in replacing existing traffic light infrastructure.

Unlike motor traffic, pedestrian traffic has no constraints for age or health (physical or mental), and therefore must allow for children, elderly people and the handicapped. Peglau therefore resorted to the realistic-concrete scheme of a little man that is comprehensible for everyone and appeals to archetypical shapes. The thick outstretched arms of the frontal-standing red man is associated with the function of a blocking barricade to signal "stop", while the side-facing green man with his wide-paced legs is associated with a dynamic arrow, signalling the permission to "go ahead". The yellow light was abandoned from pedestrian traffic lights because of generally unhurried pedestrian traffic.

Peglau's secretary Anneliese Wegner drew the Ampelmännchen per Peglau's suggestions. The initial concept envisioned the Ampelmännchen to have fingers, but this idea was dropped for technical reasons of illumination. However, the man's "perky", "cheerful" and potentially "petit bourgeois" hat was retained to Peglau's surprise. The prototypes of the Ampelmännchen traffic lights were built at the VEB-Leuchtenbau Berlin. Four decades later, Daniel Meuren of the West German Der Spiegel described the Ampelmännchen as uniting "beauty with efficiency, charm with utility, [and] sociability with fulfilment of duties". The Ampelmännchen reminded others of a childlike figure with big head and short legs, or a religious leader.

History in East Germany

The Ampelmännchen was officially introduced on 13 October 1961 in Berlin, at which time the media attention and public interest focused on the new traffic lights, not the symbols. The first Ampelmännchen were produced as cheap decal pictures. Beginning in 1973, the Ampelmännchen traffic lights were produced at VEB Signaltechnik Wildenfels and privately-owned artisan shops.

The Ampelmännchen proved so popular that parents and teachers initiated the symbol to become part of road safety education for children in the early 1980s. The East German Ministry of the Interior had the idea to bring the two traffic light figures to life and turn them into advisors. Die Ampelmännchen were introduced with much media publicity. They appeared in strip cartoons, also in situations without traffic lights. The red Ampelmännchen appeared in dangerous moments, and the green Ampelmännchen was an advisor. Together with the Junge Welt publishing company, games with the Ampelmännchen were developed. Ampelmännchen stories were developed for radio broadcasts. Partly-animated Ampelmännchen stories with the name Stiefelchen und Kompaßkalle were broadcast once a month as part of the East German children's bedtime television programme Sandmännchen, which had one of the highest viewing figures in East Germany.[10] The animated Ampelmännchen stories raised international interest, and the Czech festival for road safety education films awarded Stiefelchen und Kompaßkalle the Special Award by the Jury and the Main Prize for Overall Accomplishments in 1984.

History after Reunification

Following the German unification in 1990, there were attempts to standardise all traffic signs to the West German forms. East German street signs and traffic signs were dismantled and replaced because of differing fonts in the former two German countries. The East German education programmes featuring the Ampelmännchen vanished. This led to calls to save the East German Ampelmännchen as a part of the East German culture. The first solidarity campaigns for the Ampelmännchen took place in Berlin in early 1995.

Markus Heckhausen, a graphic designer from the West German city of Tübingen and founder of Ampelmann GmbH in Berlin, had first noticed the Ampelmännchen during his visits to East Berlin in the 1980s. When he was looking for new design possibilities in 1995, he had the idea to collect dismantled Ampelmännchen and build lamps. But he had difficulty finding old Ampelmännchen and eventually contacted the former VEB Signaltechnik (now Signaltechnik Roßberg GmbH) for remainders. The company was still producing Ampelmännchen and liked Heckhausen's marketing ideas. The public embraced Heckhausen's first six lamp models. Local newspapers and the yellow press published full-page articles, followed by articles in national newspapers and designer magazines. The successful German daily soap Gute Zeiten, schlechte Zeiten used the Ampelmännchen lamp in their coffeehouse set. Designer Karl Peglau explained the public reaction in 1997:

"It is presumably their special, almost indescribable aura of human snugness and warmth, when humans are comfortably touched by this traffic symbol figure and find a piece of honest historical identification, giving the Ampelmännchen the right to represent a positive aspect of a failed social order."

The Ampelmännchen became a virtual mascot for the East German nostalgia movement, known as Ostalgie. The protests were successful, and the Ampelmännchen returned to pedestrian crossings, including all western districts of Berlin in 2005. Some western German cities such as Saarbrücken or Heidelberg have since adopted the design for some intersection. Peter Becker, marshal of Saarbrücken, explained that lights of the East German Ampelmännchen have greater signal strength than West German traffic lights, and "in our experience people react better to the East German Ampelmännchen than the West German ones." In Heidelberg, however, a government department asked the city to stop the installation of more East German Ampelmännchen, citing standards in road traffic regulations.

Heckhausen continued to incorporate the Ampelmännchen design into products and had an assortment of over forty Ampelmännchen souvenir products in 2004, reportedly earning 2 million euros yearly. In the meantime, Joachim Roßberg claimed to make 50,000 euros for merchandise a year. Heckhausen appealed to a Leipzig court in 2005 over the marketing rights, suing Roßberg for failing at making full use of his marketing rights; German legislature rules that if no use of marketing rights is made for five years, the rights can be cancelled. The court ruled in 2006 that Roßberg's right to use the Ampelmännchen as a marketing brand had largely lapsed and had passed back into the public domain. Roßberg only retained the right to use the symbol to market liqueur, and may no longer use the logo on beer and T-shirts. The court case was later seen by some as part of the cultural and political struggle between residents of the two parts of the reunified country, in which the underdog East generally loses.

Berlin started to modernize its traffic lights from using regular light bulbs to LED technology in early 2006, which promised better visibility and lower maintenance costs.

There are three Ampelmännchen variations in modern-day Germany – the old East German version, the old West German version, and a pan-German Ampelmännchen that was introduced in 1992. Each German state holds the rights for which version to use. East Germans had changed the look of Ampelmännchen traffic lights as a joke since the early 1980s, but this turned into media-effective efforts to call attention to the vanishing East German Ampelmännchen in the 1990s. The Ampelmännchen on several traffic lights in Erfurt were changed through manipulation of the template, showing Ampelmännchen carrying backpacks or cameras. In 2004, Joachim Roßberg invented the female counterpart to the Ampelmännchen, the Ampelfrau, which was installed on some traffic lights in Zwickau and Dresden.

Adorkable Poses: Floored by Adorkable Peapod

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New at the mainstore slurl.com/secondlife/The%20Deck/134/192/22

262 Audi Quattro (1986) by Robert Knight

Audi Quattro (1980-91) Engine 2144cc S5 10v Production 11452

Registration Number D 680 FYO

AUDI SET

www.flickr.com/photos/45676495@N05/sets/72157623635550501...

The idea for a high-performance four-wheel-drive car was proposed by Audi's chassis engineer, Jörg Bensinger, in 1977, when he found that the Volkswagen Iltis could outperform any other vehicle in snow, no matter how powerful. Bensinger's idea was to start developing an Audi 80 variant in co-operation with Walter Treser, Director of Pre-Developmen. The car was produced from 1980 as a road and rally car, taking advantage of the then-recently changed rules which allowed the use of four-wheel drive in competition racing. It won competition after competition for the next two years. It both the first car to feature Audi's quattro permanent four-wheel drive system and the first to mate four-wheel drive with a turbocharged engine.

The original engine was the 2,144 cc inline-5-cylinder 10 valve SOHC, with a turbocharger and intercooler.producing 197bhp and torque of 285 N·m with a top spedd of 137mph and a 0-62mph (100 kmph) time of 7.1 seconds.

That engine was replaced in 1987 with a 2226cc ) inline-5 10 valve, still producing 197bhp, but with its peak torque lower in the rev range.

In 1989 this engine was changed for a 2226cc in line 5 with 20 valves producing 217bhp and a top speed of 143mph.

Through its 11 year production span the exterior showed very little change. Originally, the car had a flat fronted grille featuring four separate headlamp lenses, one for each of the low and high beam units. This was altered for the 1983 model year, and replaced with combined units featuring a single lens, this was changed again in 1986 in what has become known as the 'facelift model' and included such alterations as a new sloping front grille, headlights, and trim and badging changes. he RR 20v Quattro also featured a new three spoke steering wheel design, leather covering for door arm rests, gloveboxes, centre console and door pockets. There was also a full length leather-wrapped centre console running all the way to the rear seats. The floor on the drivers side had a bulge due to dual catalytic exhaust setup

The rear suspension was altered early on with geometry changes and removal of the rear anti-roll bar to reduce a tendency for lift-off oversteer. For the 1984 facelift, the wheel size went from 6x15-inch with 205/60-15 tyres to 8x15-inch wheels with 215/50-15 tyres. At the same time the suspension was lowered 20 mm with slightly stiffer springs for improved handling. For 1987, the Torsen centre differential was used for the first time, replacing the manual centre differential lock

Shot at Donington Historic Festival, 6th May 2012 Ref: 84-262

propose by monstro ...xxx

Paris Sevens 2018 by saintmalojmgsports

Le HSBC PARIS SEVENS (8 au 10 juin 2018 au Stade Jean-Bouin) a officiellement été lancé aujourd’hui à Paris à la Région Île-de-France.

A cette occasion les 16 capitaines hommes et 12 capitaines femmes des équipes participantes au tournoi ont pris la pose autour du trophée de la compétition dans les jardins du Musée Rodin, Paris (Crédit Photo : I.PICAREL/FFR). Ils ont ensuite rejoint les locaux de la Région Île-de-France, partenaire de cette étape parisienne, situés dans le 7ème arrondissement.

Le HSBC Paris Sevens

Ultime étape du circuit mondial de rugby à 7, le HSBC Paris Sevens se déroulera au stade Jean-Bouin à Paris, du vendredi 8 au dimanche 10 juin 2018. Tournoi mixte pour la première fois de son histoire, le HSBC Paris Sevens 2018 accueille les meilleures équipes masculines et féminines du monde.

Avec 79 matches entre 28 équipes en 3 jours, le spectacle sera non-stop sur la pelouse du Stade Jean-Bouin. Dernier tournoi de la saison, les titres des circuits mondiaux masculin et féminin se joueront donc au HSBC Paris Sevens. Les tribunes et le Village des Supporteurs seront également en ébullition pendant 3 jours, avec de nombreuses animations « CRAZY RUGBY » qui seront proposées à tous les spectateurs !

Le programme :

•Vendredi 8 juin de 14h à 21h40 > tournoi Féminin (ouverture des portes au public à 13h30)

•Samedi 9 juin de 9h à 23h > tournoi mixte (ouverture des portes au public à 8h30)

•Dimanche 10 juin de 8h45 à 19h40 > phases finales féminines et masculines (ouverture des portes au public à 8h15)

Le World Rugby Sevens Series 2017-2018 est la 19e édition de la compétition la plus importante du monde de rugby à sept. Elle se déroule du 1er décembre 2017 au 10 juin 2018. L'Afrique du Sud est tenante du titre et l'Espagne est l'équipe promue de la saison.

Au mois d'avril se déroulent les Jeux du Commonwealth 2018 où dix équipes des World Rugby Sevens Series participent. La compétition enchaine ensuite avec la Coupe du monde de rugby à sept en juillet 2018.

Chaque étape est un tournoi se déroulant sur deux ou trois jours, entre le vendredi et le dimanche. À chaque étape est convié une équipe qui ne possède pas le statut d'équipe permanente, portant le nombre total d'équipes à seize.

En fonction du résultat du tournoi précédent, ou du classement de la saison passée pour le premier tournoi de la saison à Dubaï, les équipes sont réparties en chapeaux avant tirage au sort pour former quatre poules de quatre équipes. Chaque équipe joue les trois autres membres de sa poule et un classement est établi, tout d'abord sur le nombre de points (victoire 3 points, nul 2 points, défaite 1 point) puis sur le goal-average général. Les deux premiers de chaque poule passent en quart de finale de la Cup ou tournoi principal et les deux derniers passent en quart de finale du Challenge Trophy. Les équipes vaincues en quart de finale sont alors reversées en demi-finales de classement, respectivement pour la cinquième et treizième place. Les équipes battues en demi-finales ne disputent pas de petite finale de classement et remportent le même nombre de point, sauf pour les équipes battues en demi finales de Cup qui disputeront un dernier match de classement pour la troisième place.

Chaque rencontre, y compris la finale depuis l'édition 2016-2017, se dispute en deux fois sept minutes.

Créée en 2016, l’étape parisienne de rugby à 7 rassemble, de ce vendredi à dimanche, les meilleures nations mondiales pour décider du vainqueur du circuit mondial. Une belle vitrine pour la discipline dans un pays qui ne jure que par le XV.

Dixième étape de la saison, le Paris Sevens clôture ce week-end le circuit mondial de rugby à 7, réunissant les 16 meilleures nations du monde aux quatre coins de la planète. De vendredi à dimanche, dans l’enceinte du Stade Jean Bouin, les équipes masculines feront le spectacle à travers une discipline méconnue en France mais très appréciée dans de nombreux pays. Et, pour la première fois cette année, les équipes féminines ouvriront les festivités.

Une véritable fête du rugby à 7, discipline olympique depuis 2016 et en plein boom grâce à la vitrine que lui ont offert offert les Jeux de Rio. Chez les hommes, outre les nations majeures de l’Ovale comme la Nouvelle-Zélande, l’Australie, l’Angleterre ou les Fidji, le Kenya, le Canada ou encore l’Espagne font leur trou et voient dans cette discipline une chance de développer un sport mineur dans leur pays. Chez les femmes, la Chine, le Japon ou la Russie figurent dans le top 12.

Le crazy rugby à la fête

Créée en 2016, l’étape parisienne est également l’occasion pour la France de développer la discipline dans un pays qui ne jure que par le XV. «Nous sommes fiers de soutenir financièrement ce tournoi et de permettre qu’il existe», a tenu à rappeler le vice-président de la région Île-de-France, Patrick Karam. Et de poursuivre. «La région est également présente dans la sensibilisation. Vendredi, 360 lycéens pourront découvrir la discipline grâce à de nombreuses animations. Il est important pour nous de tout faire pour développer cette pratique, en vue de Paris 2024», a-t-il poursuivi, alors que la conférence de presse de présentation se tenait dans les locaux de la région, dans le 7e arrondissement parisien.

Dernière étape de la saison, le tournoi parisien représente en tout cas une belle vitrine pour la discipline, dans une ville au rayonnement mondial. «C’est formidable de pouvoir clôturer la saison dans une ville aussi magnifique, chez un hôte comme la France», ajoute de son côté Douglas Langley, directeur du tournoi et membre de World Rugby. «Nous nous réjouissons d’avance de ce week-end de ‘crazy rugby’», conclut-il. Et c’est bien là l’atout majeur de la discipline. Spectaculaire, chaque rencontre offre de nombreux essais et des sprints permanents.

Les Bleues veulent briller

Le public parisien, qui vient en nombre à chaque édition, est adepte de cette discipline. Le Stade Jean Bouin était plein en 2016 et 2017, et l’édition 2018, même s’il reste encore des places à vendre, ne dérogera certainement pas à la règle. Pourtant, ce ne sont pas les résultats des Bleus qui font venir les supporters. Malgré une 3e place en 2016, et une 5e en 2017, l’équipe masculine connaît une saison compliquée. 12e sur 16 au classement, les Bleus n’ont pas fait mieux que 7e cette année lors des neuf précédents tournois du circuit.

«Même si nos chances sont moindres, on rentre dans ce tournoi pour le gagner, et on a la chance d’avoir le soutien du public avec nous», déclare Manoël Dall’igna, capitaine de France 7. «Ces deux dernières années on a eu des supers résultats ici et on compte sur le 8e homme pour faire aussi bien», termine-t-il. Cette période de creux, due en partie à de nombreux départs en retraite en 2016, ne touche pas les féminines. 3e du circuit mondial, les coéquipières de Fanny Horta visent le podium à Paris. «On a reçu beaucoup de messages de soutien de la jeune génération, et on veut vraiment profiter de ce soutien pour garder la dynamique de la saison et faire un nouveau podium», confie la capitaine.

Mises en valeur ce week-end, les Bleues représentent «la véritable locomotive du 7 en France avec une très belle réussite sportive», estime Christophe Reigt, manager des équipes de France à 7. Suffisant pour développer la discipline en France ? Quoiqu’il en soit, avec cette étape parisienne, la Fédération se démène pour populariser le 7 dans l’Hexagone, avec un objectif majeur en ligne de mire : les Jeux olympiques de Paris en 2024.

The HSBC World Rugby Sevens Series 2018 Awards in Paris brought a fitting end to an enthralling season which saw South Africa and Australia crowned men’s and women’s series champions respectively.

It’s been one of the most competitive seasons on record as both the women’s and men’s series were decided by just two-point differences.

South Africa fought an incredible battle with Fiji in the men’s series to retain their title with victory at the final round in Paris, while Olympic champions Australia won their second overall title ahead of rivals New Zealand on the women’s series after reaching the podium at every one of the five rounds.

The end of season awards provided a chance to celebrate the men’s and women’s sevens players, coaches and teams that are the stars, ambassadors and role models of the sport.

World Rugby Chairman Bill Beaumont said: “It has been another tremendous year for the HSBC World Rugby Sevens Series, which continues to go from strength to strength.

“I hugely admire the skill and physicality of rugby sevens and thank the players for their outstanding commitment which makes the series such a success. It is great to see the series capturing the imagination on and off the field with year-on-year increases in attendances, broadcast and fan-engagement figures, and that is a great testament to the players, coaches, host unions and everyone involved with the events.

“Rugby sevens took a quantum leap when it joined the Olympic programme in 2016 and now we look forward to a Rugby World Cup Sevens in San Francisco in just 40 days time in an iconic city and a market with great potential. It promises to be a thrilling and spectacular event.”

the workload. It is a blessing for me to be standing here.”

Rookies of the Year

Eroni Sau is the second Fijian to be named Rookie of the Year for the men’s series after being a clear winner in the fan vote ahead of his compatriot Alosio Naduva and Australia’s Ben O’Donnell. The 28-year-old featured in all 10 rounds in his debut season, using his powerful physique to score 37 tries.

France’s Coralie Bertrand, meanwhile, claimed the women’s accolade, having featured in all five rounds and helped Les Bleues enjoy their best season, reaching a first-ever Cup final in Kitakyushu and semi-finals in Langford and Paris to clinch the series bronze medal.

Fair Play Award

This award, selected by the match officials, recognises the teams who showcase rugby’s values of integrity, passion, solidarity, discipline and respect. Japan were awarded the women’s accolade after an event that saw them lose their core team status on the series, with Kenya the men’s recipients following an exciting season which saw them reach the final in both Vancouver and Hong Kong.

Roche’s kick with the final play of the match against England to snatch the bronze medal for invitational team Ireland at the HSBC London Sevens was a clear winner of the men’s award, beating Fijian Alosio Naduva’s last-gasp winning try against Australia in the Singapore Cup final and Matias Osadczuk’s break and calm head to send Renzo Barbier over for the winning try in Argentina’s Cup semi-final against South Africa in Las Vegas.

Capgemini Coach of the Series

Another inaugural category, selected by the series’ global innovation partner Capgemini, was won by New Zealand women’s coach Alan Bunting after successive victories in the last three rounds of the series in Japan, Canada and France as well as the Commonwealth Games title in April.

South Africa coach Neil Powell, who guided the Blitzboks to retaining their series title, picked up the men’s coach of the series award and paid tribute to his victorious team: “The mental focus and composure they showed was fantastic, all credit to the boys for believing in their success. We had everything to play for and the team did an incredible job, not just today but over the whole season.

“I also want to congratulate Fiji on an amazing season, they were phenomenal.”

DHL Impact Player

The race to be named DHL Impact Player of the Year in both the men’s and women’s series went right down to the final matches. In total 16 players from 12 nations won tournament awards during this season’s series.

New Zealand’s Michaela Blyde was delighted to win the women’s award: “This is pretty special. I’m shocked and truly grateful. I put this down to my teammates who create the opportunities for me and I thank them.”

La Fédération française de rugby organise, du 8 au 10 juin au stade Jean-Bouin, à Paris 16e, un tournoi international de rugby à 7 masculin et féminin, étape du HSBC World Rugby Sevens Series.

Cette manifestation sportive, soutenue par la Région à hauteur de 170.000€, va rassembler 28 équipes internationales, qui s'affronteront au cours de 45 matchs masculins et 34 matchs féminins.

Le public pourra découvrir à cette occasion, jusque dans sa pratique féminine, une discipline largement méconnue.

Quant au stade Jean-Bouin, qui est l'un des sites retenus pour les JO Paris 2024, il pourra mettre en avant sa capacité d’accueil de 20.000 spectateurs.

Ce tournoi constituant la 10e et dernière étape du circuit mondial, il s'achèvera avec la remise des titres de champion et championne du monde de rugby à 7.

En soutenant l'organisation de tels grands événements sportifs franciliens, la Région Île-de-France renforce chaque fois un peu plus l'attractivité de ses territoires tout en assurant son rayonnement à l'échelle internationale.

Le titre HSBC World Rugby Sevens Series a été décidé de façon spectaculaire après que l'Afrique du Sud a battu l'Angleterre 24-14 en finale du HSBC Paris Sevens pour décrocher la médaille d'or et conserver son titre de série.

Au cours d'une des années les plus compétitives de l'histoire de la série, le titre est allé jusqu'au tout dernier match puisque l'Afrique du Sud avait besoin d'une victoire en tournoi pour dépasser les Fidji dans le classement de la série.

L'Afrique du Sud a terminé la série en tête avec 182 points, suivie des Fidji qui ont remporté l'argent avec 180 points et la Nouvelle-Zélande avec 150 points après avoir remporté la médaille de bronze à Paris avec une victoire de 38-5 contre le Canada dans la troisième place

Les champions de la série de l'année dernière, l'Afrique du Sud, ont devancé l'Espagne 15-10 en quart de finale avec un essai à la cinquième minute de Justin Deguld, après que les pointages aient été 10-10 à la fin du temps réglementaire. Les Blitzboks sud-africains ont ensuite trouvé leur rythme en demi-finale avec une victoire complète de 24-12 contre la Nouvelle-Zélande grâce à deux essais de l'impressionnant Dewald Human, 23 ans, qui a fait ses débuts il y a deux mois à Hong Kong .

Humain était de nouveau en forme de but en finale et était ravi d'être élu Joueur de la Finale: "Ca a été une expérience fantastique ici à Paris, je me suis appuyé sur moi et j'ai apprécié chaque minute sur le terrain. sommes très heureux de la victoire. "

Le capitaine de l'équipe sud-africaine, Philip Snyman, a ajouté: "Nous voulions aller jouer au rugby et nous concentrer sur ce que nous pouvions contrôler: les gars ont joué un rugby phénoménal et ont fait honneur à l'équipe. C'est un sentiment incroyable de représenter un pays si merveilleux et les gens de chez nous n'ont jamais cessé de croire en nous et de nous soutenir. "

Fidjiens ont raté l'occasion de remporter le titre plus tôt dans la journée alors qu'ils ont été vaincus 19-17 par une équipe d'Angleterre pleine d'entrain dans un quart de finale à couper le souffle. Le capitaine de l'équipe d'Angleterre, Tom Mitchell, a complété un mouvement de 26 passes pour marquer dans les dernières secondes du match et mettre un terme à la récente domination des Fidji qui les avait vaincus lors des quatre dernières manches de la série.

Les Fidjiens se sont rétablis pour battre l'Irlande 38-5 et les États-Unis 28-7 pour terminer cinquième à Paris et mettre la pression sur l'Afrique du Sud pour la finale mais finalement ce n'était pas suffisant et les Fidjiens ont été obligés de se contenter des dix tours.

L'Angleterre a produit une autre performance puissante en demi-finale avec une victoire convaincante de 26-12 contre le Canada pour atteindre sa première finale de la série 2017-18, mais ils ont été incapables de faire face aux Blitzboks en finale alors que les hommes d'Afrique du Sud couraient vainqueurs devant une foule parisienne bruyante.

Équipe Invitational L'Irlande a battu 19-5 du quart en quarts de finale, mais après sa médaille de bronze à Londres la semaine dernière, les Irlandais se sont montrés assez prometteurs au cours des deux derniers tours un brillant avenir dans le rugby à sept.

L'Argentine a remporté le Challenge Trophy, décerné à l'équipe terminant en neuvième position, après avoir vaincu le Pays de Galles 33-26.

Toute l'attention se tourne maintenant vers la Coupe du monde de rugby à sept 2018 à San Francisco du 20 au 22 juillet, où 24 équipes masculines et 16 équipes féminines s'affronteront pour devenir championnes du monde au cours de trois journées d'action excitantes.

1. L'AFRIQUE DU SUD : UN TOURNOI À L'IMAGE DE LEUR SAISON

« C'est un tournoi à l'image de leur saison. L'Afrique du Sud gagne le premier tournoi et se retrouve à des moments compliqués. A Paris, elle était en délicatesse en poule, perd contre l'Ecosse (12-14), se met en danger contre l'Espagne en quart de finale (15-10 dans les prolongations, ndlr). Ce n'était pas évident car l'équipe avait dans un coin de la tête que c'était fini par rapport à la saison. Et derrière ça, ils arrivent à se remobiliser après la défaite des Fidji. La défense, c'est la clé des Sud-Africains avec 85% de plaquages réussis et surtout un trio qui a été magique avec Philip Snyman, Ruhan Neil et Werner Kok : 60 plaquages à eux trois. Ce sont les joueurs qui ont été majeurs sur l'ensemble du tournoi. Ils ont un jeu de passes assez nul : 172 passes en six matches, soit 28 en moyenne par match (le Canada en a 307 en six matches, soit 51 en moyenne par rencontre, ndlr). »

2. LES FIDJI À DEUX POINTS DU LEADER

« Ils manquent un peu le tournoi. Ils avaient la possibilité de passer, mais ils ont laissé beaucoup d'énergie dans la poule. La défaite contre le Kenya (19-22) leur fait du mal, ils ont du faire un match plein face à la Nouvelle-Zélande. Ils sont plutôt adeptes à gérer les phases de poule et à accélérer sur les play-offs, donc c'était un peu dur pour eux de retrouver l'énergie nécessaire et de trouver en quart de finale une équipe anglaise qui a été assez incroyable sur la possession de balle. Malgré leur 5e place à Paris, les Fidji ont le titre qui leur passe sous le nez par pas grand chose (deux points derrière l'Afrique du Sud, ndlr).

« Il y a eu de grosses lacunes sur les coups d'envoi : 16% des coups d'envoi récupérés, ce qui est très faible quand on connait la capacité des Fidji (22% en moyenne sur la saison, ndlr). Et alors qu'ils sont les maîtres à jouer dans les turnovers, là ils n'ont récupéré que cinq ballons dans le tournoi de Paris (et en ont perdu six, ndlr). En comparaison, l'Afrique du Sud en a récupéré 14. Les Fidjiens sont très forts sur la récupération de ballon, mais les équipes adverses ont été assez lucides et leur ont donné que peu de ballons. Du coup, les Fidjiens n'avaient pas beaucoup de munitions pour scorer car les équipes en face ont su s'adapter. »

3. L'ANGLETERRE, TOUJOURS PRÉSENTE DANS LES GRANDS MOMENTS

« L'Angleterre fait un très bon tournoi. Sans être exceptionnels, ils ont réussi à passer la phase de poule. Derrière, ils font un exploit contre les Fidji (17-19 en quart de finale, ndlr), puis une défaite en finale contre l'Afrique du Sud 14-24). Ils doivent leur tournoi grâce à un réalisme incroyable : 20 possessions de balle sur 23 dans les 22 mètres ; 87% de réalisme dans les 22 m adverses. Norton, Bibby, Mitchell ont su actionner le jeu anglais. Défensivement, Harry Glover a été l'un des meilleurs joueurs du tournoi. Il n'a que 20 ans et est en train d'exploser et de devenir un joueur majeur sur le système anglais (22 plaquages). Il a supporté l'équipe d'Angleterre sur ce tournoi.

« Ils sont toujours là dans les grands moments : finaliste aux JO, médaille de bronze aux Commonwealth... Ils étaient 9e mondial et ils terminent à la 5e place du classement mondial, sur le fil, à un point de l'Australie (à un point d'écart). Le prochain objectif c'est la Coupe du Monde et en 2019 la quatrième place. Leur saison est parfaitement maîtrisée du point de vue gestion, même s'ils n'ont pas démarré très fort. »

4. L'IRLANDE A SA PLACE SUR LE WORLD SERIES

« Encore une fois elle a montré ses capacités de performance sur le World Series. Elle a été pragmatique. Le rugby à 7, c'est de l'endurance et du cardio. Ils montrent des atouts dignes d'un top 3 du Worl Series. Ils font plus de points que la Russie en deux tournois et sont 15e au classement, juste derrière le Pays de Galles. Défensivement ils sont en tête du classement et Harry McNulty est leur leader défensif (18 plaquages).

« Ils n'ont pas fait le World series en entier, mais c'est une équipe qui est très rigoureuse défensivement. Ils ont étouffé en phase de poule (14-5 sur l'Espagne, 19-19 sur le Pays de Galles et 24-14 sur l'Australie, ndlr). Et même en changeant cinq joueurs de l'effectif initial, ils arrivent toujours à être au haut niveau et à passer le cap et à être performant. L'Irlande a fait une très grosse performance à Paris et sera très dangereuse à la Coupe du Monde.

« Leur objectif numéro 1, c'est l'Europe Series ; le Paris Sevens n'était pas ciblé et pourtant ils y arrivent. Ils battent tout le monde en poule. »

5. L'ESPAGNE : DANGER EN DEVENIR

« Ils gagnent l'Australie (17-10), puis le Pays de Galles (21-14) et font surtout un match monumental contre l'Afrique du Sud en quart de finale où ils perdent à la dernière seconde (15-10). Ils ont encore fait une très belle saison, malgré le manque de réalisme : 45% de réalisme, elle score 10 fois sur 22 (45%). C'est dire tout le potentiel offensif qu'elle a !

« C'est une équipe qui a beaucoup le ballon. Le jour où elle va être efficace offensivement, elle va être dangereuse. »

6. LE CANADA A RÉUSSI À PASSER LE CUT DES DEMI-FINALES

« Le Canada s'est qualifié encore une fois en demi-finale sur le World Series où elle s'incline 26-12 face à l'Angleterre. C'est une quatrième place au Paris Sevens après avoir été impressionnante en phase de poule. Elle n'a eu que 11 pénalités dans le tournoi. Elle a une justesse technique incroyable avec seulement 12 fautes de main sur l'ensemble du tournoi, soit deux par match, ce qui est très propre.

« C'est un jeu de quinziste. Le Canada fonctionne en mode quinziste, mais score derrière. Hirayama a été le meilleur joueur en offload, Douglas a cassé la ligne huit fois, Connor Braid ballon porté... « Le Canada a réussi à passer ce cut pour les demi-finales. »

7. LA FRANCE EN PANNE

« Elle avait réussi à réunir son effectif au complet malgré la blessure de Manoël Dall'Igna. Elle attendait depuis longtemps le tournoi de Paris. Au premier jour, elle est à sa place et a du mal à performer face à l'Angleterre (21-28), aux USA 12-26) et à l'Argentine 28-26) qui sont au-dessus. Elle a réussi à débloquer son compteur de victoires en battant l'Argentine.

« Elle a montré beaucoup de faiblesse défensive, avec 5,4 plaquages manqués par match, contre 3,4 pour l'Espagne. C'est le chantier numéro un pour que la France puisse repasser en Cup.

« En attaque, elle est efficace, même si le point noir est le coup d'envoi : trois manqués contre le Pays de Galles. Quand on n'a pas les ballons en conquête, c'est très compliqué de pouvoir rivaliser. C'est l'équipe qui a été le plus pénalisée du tournoi : 18 pénalités.

« Malgré tout, l'équipe de France a réussi à contenir et n'a pas pris 40-0 comme sur d'autres tournois. La ferveur populaire a permis à la France de rester concentrée à chaque match. Elle a joué avec ses armes et s'est faite contrer par meilleur que soit. »

Proposed Remodel by Jeremy Levine

3D CAD Model drawn in Vectorworks

Silver Lake Guest House

Project: The conversion of a storage shed into guest house

Location: Silver Lake, California

Designer: Jeremy Levine

Proposed Redevelopment Plan for Town of Russell Manitoba (1943) by Manitoba Historical Maps

Thrift, Eric W. Proposed Redevelopment Plan for Town of Russell Manitoba Prepared as a Research Project Post War Reconstruction Committee of the Government of the Province of Manitoba [map]. 1:3,900. In: Manitoba Post-War Reconstruction Committee. Town and Community Post-War Planning a Report Prepared for the Post-War Reconstruction Committee of the Government of Manitoba. Winnipeg: King's Printer for Manitoba, 1943, Plan 8.

The inking on the original map is very light and as a result the lettering on the scan is not very clear in places.

Proposed Alphabets for the Blind, 1836 by Perkins School for the Blind Archives

Description: Chart titled "Proposed Alphabets for the Blind, Under Consideration of the Society of Arts for Scotland, Printed for the Society's Transactions, 1836." The table lists twenty different systems with a full alphabet displayed in the various systems on each line.

Creator: A. Crichton; Society of Arts for Scotland

Date: 1836

Format: text

Digital Identifier: ProposedAlphabets

Credit: Perkins Archives, Perkins School for the Blind, Watertown, MA

Proposed Redevelopment Plan for Town of Killarney Manitoba (1943) by Manitoba Historical Maps

Thrift, Eric W. Proposed Redevelopment Plan for Town of Killarney Manitoba Prepared as a Research Project Post War Reconstruction Committee of the Government of the Province of Manitoba [map]. Scale not given. In: Manitoba Post-War Reconstruction Committee. Town and Community Post-War Planning a Report Prepared for the Post-War Reconstruction Committee of the Government of Manitoba. Winnipeg: King's Printer for Manitoba, 1943, Plan 5.

The inking on the original map is very light and as a result the lettering on the scan is not very clear in places.

Central Park by Peter Roan

Christopher Columbus Statue

In 1473, Christopher Columbus (1451-1506) embarked on his first maritime voyage from his home near Genoa, Italy headed for the island of Khios in the Aegean Sea. Upon his return in 1476, he traveled in a convoy destined for England. Legend has it that pirates sunk Columbus's ship near the coast of Portugal. Columbus swam to shore and settled in Lisbon, where his brother Bartholomew worked as a cartographer.

Based on speculative maps, Columbus concluded that there was a quicker route to the markets of Asia than was yet known. Instead of heading south and circumnavigating Africa, Columbus proposed to sail west. In the 1480s, Columbus presented this proposal to the monarchs of Portugal and Spain. In April 1492, King Ferdinand V and Queen Isabella of Spain agreed to sponsor Columbus's proposed voyage. On August 3, 1492, the three modest ships that comprised Columbus's party, the Nina, the Pinta, and the Santa Maria, set sail. They sighted land on October 12, 1492. The ships landed on Guanahani, an island in the Bahamas. Columbus claimed the land for the King of Spain and renamed the island San Salvador. Believing he had reached the West Indies, Columbus called the natives "los Indios," or Indians. The members of the expedition returned to Spain triumphantly on March 15, 1493. After receiving a title of nobility, Christopher Columbus immediately launched a larger expedition. On November 3, 1493, this fleet of 17 ships anchored near present day Puerto Rico. His third and fourth voyages set sail in 1498 and 1502.

Columbus's early descriptions of the Americas, as in his "The Life and Voyages of Christopher Columbus (1828) documented Columbus"s story. Focusing largely on his arrival in the Americas as opposed to the colonization of the area, Irving and others enshrined Columbus as a hero. His popular reputation ever after became that of the bold, courageous adventurer who enabled American civilization, and he is memorialized here and elsewhere as such.

About ten thousand people, including Italian, Spanish, and American dignitaries, gathered in Columbus Circle on October 12, 1892, the 400th anniversary of the arrival of Columbus in the "New World." Together they dedicated the Columbus Monument, designed by Sicilian sculptor Gaetano Russo and donated to the City of New York by the Italian-American community. Gen. L.P. di Cesnola, the Director of the Metropolitan Museum of Art, spoke at the event, telling the audience that Columbus's "true monument is this great land, its institutions, its prosperity, its blessing, its lessons of advance for all humanity."

The monument consists of a statue of Columbus posed on a column mounted on a base surrounded by fountains; an allegorical figure depicting the Genius of Discovery stands on the base. Both Columbus and the latter figure are carved of Carrara marble. Bronze elements include two bas-reliefs portraying Columbus's journey, as well as an American bald eagle and lotus-shaped cresting. In addition, bronze ships' prows and anchors adorn the granite column. The total height of the plinth, pedestal, column and sculpture is 77 feet, enabling passerby to see the monument from miles away on a clear day.

Early in the 20th century, the monument was fortified with complex supports engineered for the new subway system to be tunneled beneath it. A lavish wrought-iron fence was installed encircling the monument. In 1965, the installation of fountains and illumination with funds from book publisher and philanthropist George T. Delacorte (1894-1991) enhanced the site. The fountains, designed by Douglas Leigh, were inspired by water displays in Rome. In 1990 and 1991, the monument underwent an extensive renovation funded by the Columbus Citizens Foundation, under the auspices of the Adopt-A-Monument Program, a joint venture of Parks, the Municipal Art Society, and the New York City Art Commission. George Delacorte and Arthur Ross donated additional funds for the restoration of the decorative fence. The Central Park Conservancy, through an endowment established by Mr. Delacorte's heirs, will continue to maintain the monument in the future.

ROMA ARCHEO. & REST. ARCHITETTURA. Il Foro Romano di ex-SSBAR “Tour del brutto" - Prof. Boni, Il Foro Romano (1898-1925): Oggi - "Antiquarium Forense di Roma" | Museo Permanente Chiuso; Archivio Inaccessible e Pagina Web Cancellatto (2013-15), Perche?? by Martin Conde

ROMA ARCHEOLOGICA & RESTAURO ARCHITETTURA: Roma - Il Foro Romano di Soprintendenza Speciale per il Colosseo, il Museo Nazionale Romano e l'Area Archeologica di Roma (ex-SSBAR) = “Tour del brutto." Prof. Arch. Giacomo Boni, Il Foro Romano (1898-1925) - IL MUSEO DEL FORO ROMANO | Antiquarium Forense di Roma [1898-1911]. Oggi - Museo Permanente Chiuso; Archivio Inaccessible e Pagina Web Cancellatto (2013-15), Perche??

ROME - The ROMAN FORUM - Over the course of the past 70 years (1946-2016) every Director of the Roman Forum and or the Archaeological Superintendent of Rome has promised to re-open the "Antiquarium Forense di Roma" of the Roman Forum and also published invaluable archives of Prof. Arch. Giacomo Boni, the Archaeological Director of the Roman Forum (1898-1925), later the Archaeological Director of the Palatine Hill (1907-25).

See: ROMA ARCHEOLOGICA & RESTAURO ARCHITETTURA: [il Soprintendente: Dott. Arch. Francesco Prosperetti] «Il mito dei Dioscuri rinasce alla Fonte Giuturna ai Fori di Roma & A inizio 2016 riapriremo una parte dell’Antiquarium Forense di Giacomo Boni» C.D.S. (05|04|2015). = wp.me/pPRv6-2PO

Recently in the last few years, the Office of the Archaeological Superintendent of Rome | Office of the Roman Forum located in the "Uffici tecnici Piazza S.Maria Nova, 53 - 00186 - Roma - tel. 06699841" in the Roman Forum had briefly made a available a website, entitled = ROMA - "Antiquarium Forense di Roma" | Soprintendenza Speciale per il Colosseo, il Museo Nazionale Romano e l'Area Archeologica di Roma (ex-SSBAR) [06|2015].

Website now closed = www.archeoroma.beniculturali.it/carcer-tullianum/antiquar...

The website fundementally offered the interested reader in a very brief history, fuction and design of the "Antiquarium Forense di Roma" as created by Prof. Arch. Giacomo Boni, between 1900 and 1911. As well as important information on the scholarly activities and the research conducted by Prof. Boni in the Roman Forum from 1898-1925. See: Note 1 below of the former screenshots webpage of the "Antiquarium Forense di Roma." = ROMA, IL FORO ROMANO & PROF. GIACOMO BONI: IL MUSEO DEL FORO ROMANO ANTIQUARIUM, SSBAR | MIBAC (2014). [06|2015].

More recently, the Spanish internet site "Sera: Paula - Disegno grafico Editorial" (c. 2015), wrote a brief review of the "Forensic Antiquarium Museum in Rome," along with providing screenshots of the "Antiquarium Forense di Roma" of the Il Foro Romano of the ex-SBBAR [now = the "Soprintendenza Speciale per il Colosseo, il Museo Nazionale Romano e l'Area Archeologica di Roma"].

ROMA - Antiquarium | Il Foro Romano, Sera: Paula (2015), =

"...Website design to accommodate the digital portal of Forensic Antiquarium Museum in Rome, closed to the public in the '60s. The custom made together with indissoluble and visivalab, for MIBAC (Ministero per i Beni e le Attività Culturali), proposed to open the museum to the public in digital form. We worked on a structure of 4 sections: 'Esposizione tematiche virtuale', this section gives dynamism to page organizing exhibitions with material in the collection of the museum; 'Materiali del museo', here the complete catalog of the museum's exhibition is presented; 'Visita al museo del Boni', this section presents a 3D tour of the edificia with rooms still retain the old museum; and finally 'A storia dell'edificio', where the evolution of the space where the museum has worked. With a vertical layout, simple operation and a color code to separate the different sections, this project has worked; trying to give prominence to images and information. Client: Ministero per i Beni MIBAC e le Attività Culturali, indissoluble, visivalab."

Source = ROMA - Antiquarium | Il Foro Romano, Sera: Paula (2015) : cargocollective.com/serepaula/Antiquarium

Unfortunately, as of today, June 2015, both the actual "Forensic Antiquarium Museum in the Roman Forum of Rome" and the former website "Antiquarium Forense di Roma" are both closed to Italians (the general public; university students and scholars | as well as their international peers).

While, recently in May 2015, Dr. Arch. Francesco Prosperetti, the newly appointed Archaeological Superintendent of Rome, stated that the "Antiquarium Forense di Giacomo Boni" would be re-opened to the public in 2016. Yet, every archaeological Superintedent of Rome, ranging from Prof. Adriano la Regina (1976-2005), as well as Dr. Prosperetti, precesor Dr. Mariarosaria Barbera [SSBAR] (2012-15), has also promised that the former Antiquarium of Prof. Boni would be open to the public.

See:

-- Prof. Adriano La Regina (edt.), ARCHAEOLOGICAL GUIDE TO ROME. MIBAC / SAR / Electa 2004. pg. 34.[section] "The Antiquarium Forense: Rediscovering an Ancient Museum."

www.flickr.com/photos/imperial_fora_of_rome/244201537/

-- ROMA - Torna l'Antiquarium, il museo scomparso, Corriere della Sera (25/2/2005).

www.flickr.com/photos/imperial_fora_of_rome/2106774324/

-- Prof. Giacomo Boni - Direttore degli Scavi di Antichità al Foro Romano e Palatino (1904): Il Servizio Biblioteca della Soprintendenza Speciale per i Beni Archeologici di Roma (2010).

www.flickr.com/photos/imperial_fora_of_rome/5147618291/

-- ROMA ARCHEOLOGIA, ARCHITETTURA e BENI CULTURALI: Dott. Mariarosaria Barbera (SSBAR), Soprintendente dei Beni Archeologici: pochi architetti e subissati perizie, "Schiacciati da ricorsi e burocrazia," IL TEMPO (20|04|2014), p. 11.

www.flickr.com/photos/imperial_fora_of_rome/13973707835/

Yet, today, a decade later (2015), the "Antiquarium Forense di Roma" is still closed after numerous promises to be reopened by nearly every archaeological superintendent of Rome over nearly the course of the last 40 years (1976-2016).

While, to be fair, each archaeological superintendent of Rome, ranging from Prof. La Regina (1976-2005) to Dr. Mariarosaria Barbera (2012-15), has cited the problems of lacking in funds as well as professional personal to properly maintain and administer and open to the public, prof. Boni’s, "Antiquarium Forense di Roma."

Yet, in re-examining the history of prof. Boni’s archaeological activities in the Roman Forum and later at the Palatine Hill (1898-1925), as well as his simultaneous plans for the creation of the educational and museum support systems of the Roman Forum and later the Palatine Hill (1891-1925); both Boni (see: Prof. G. Boni [1891-1943 notes below]), as well as many persons affiliated with Boni’s archaeological and museum activities in the Forum and Palatine area (See: Dr. Eva Tea; Wickham Steed and Prof. Thomas Ashby [2.1. – 2.6 notes below]), all will attest that he Boni’s, had to pay out of his own pocket the expenses for the first, the new “Visitor Center of the Roman Forum” (c. 1900-1906) as well as for the later the "Antiquarium Forense di Roma" (1900-11).

-- Rome, “Visitor Center |Roman Forum” (1906) = View of the first center near the Roman Forum, established by Prof. Giacomo Boni in 1906. Displayed here the “RICOSTRUZIONE PLASTICA ESEGUITA DAL PROF. G. MARCELLIANI,” the first model of ancient Rome (ca. 1906). = Roma, Il centro visitatori prima del Foro Romano dal Prof. Giacomo Boni (1906), e la “RICOSTRUZIONE PLASTICA ESEGUITA DAL PROF. G. MARCELLIANI,” (1906).

www.flickr.com/photos/imperial_fora_of_rome/6887716638/

-- Rome, "Antiquarium Forense di Roma" (1900-11) = Dr. Arch. Cristina Gonzalez-Longo, “Giacomo Boni at the Museo Forense: Construction History as a Source for Architectural Innovation,” in: Dunkeld et al. editors, Proc. Second Int. Congress on Construction History. Cambridge, Exeter: Short Run Press, (2006), p. 1341 of pp. 1341–1362.

www.flickr.com/photos/imperial_fora_of_rome/6160312749/

Today, for the "Antiquarium Forense di Roma” of the Roman Forum, to still be closed over a century after it was opening to the Italian public in 1911-12; and for the invaluable archives of Prof. Giacomo Boni (1891-1925), also un-edited and inaccessible to the Italian public, students and scholars (and their international peers); as well as the current condition of the Roman Forum, and the "Antiquarium Forense di Roma” is beyond a shame, a “Tour del brutto"!

-- ROME ARCHAEOLOGY & CULTURAL HERITAGE: Superintendent Dr. Mariarosaria Barbera (SSBAR), TG1 (30/08/2012) news in Rome shows how abandoned, absolutely filthy, and disgusting beyond words, as Rome’s ruins really are: the video shows a man shitting literally below the office windows of the SSBAR, near the Roman Forum (30/08/2012 & 14/11/2012).

wp.me/pPRv6-12J

The Italian term: “Tour del brutto", was used in the recent news story in Rome, in late June 2015, to describe the current horrible conditions of the Via Appia, similar to that of the Roman Forum in 2012.

- ROMA - Appia antica, "Il tour del brutto" tra abusi edilizi, mura cadenti e degrade, LA REPUBBLICA (14 giugno 2015) = “Un tour lungo 2 chilometri e mezzo, tra abusi edilizi, muri cadenti e degrado urbano: è il "Tour del brutto" che ha attraversato l'Appia Antica. Una visita aperta a ogni cittadino guidata da Mario Tozzi, commissario del Parco Regionale dell'Appia Antica, e dallo scrittore Roberto Ippolito.”

roma.repubblica.it/cronaca/2015/06/14/foto/nel_pomeriggio...

Unfortunately, today, as of mid-2015, the brilliant work of Prof. Giacomo Boni, probably one of Italy’s best Archaeologists, Restoration Architects, and Museum Curators-Directors, etc., is largely inaccessible to the Italian public, university students and Scholars.

Today, for those persons interested in Prof. Boni’s work in Venice, Rome, Pompeii and elsewhere throughout Italy (c. 1885-1925), one simply cannot rely on the Italian Ministry of Culture; the Superintendency of Archaeology in Rome; and the Archaeological Directorship of the Forum Forum, to provide even a simply website or brief online archival database, documenting Boni’s brilliant work in Rome and elsewhere in Italy. Why Not? Just look the horrible condition of the Roman Forum and the adjoining Imperial Forums (2012 to the present)! A “Tour del brutto", That’s Why!

__________________

Note 1 = ROME - (ex-SBBAR) = Screenshots of the closed webpage of the: ROMA, IL FORO ROMANO & PROF. GIACOMO BONI: IL MUSEO DEL FORO ROMANO ANTIQUARIUM, SSBAR | MIBAC (2014). [06|2015].

www.flickr.com/photos/imperial_fora_of_rome/6484397615/

www.flickr.com/photos/imperial_fora_of_rome/12989339865/

www.flickr.com/photos/imperial_fora_of_rome/13559424705/

www.flickr.com/photos/imperial_fora_of_rome/8422080957/

www.flickr.com/photos/imperial_fora_of_rome/8423176908/

www.flickr.com/photos/imperial_fora_of_rome/8423177274/

www.flickr.com/photos/imperial_fora_of_rome/8423176920/

www.flickr.com/photos/imperial_fora_of_rome/9083534140/

www.flickr.com/photos/imperial_fora_of_rome/9083499852/

www.flickr.com/photos/imperial_fora_of_rome/9081278447/

________________

NOTES 2.1 thru 2.6. =

2.1.) = ‘A well-constructed method is of the highest importance in all archaeological explorations, and in the case of the [Roman] Forum, it is more than ordinarily necessary, on the complex character of the excavations. Many strata are represented in the twenty-centuries of eventual life demanding investigation, strata often complicated by natural irregularity of the ground.’ (…) ‘The excavations have gone far enough to show us that the ruined buildings above the ground are but the last chapter of a long period of human history.’

Prof. Arch. Giacomo Boni, in “I. Opening meeting – Strata of the Forum,” The Journal of British and American Archaeological Society of Rome, Rome, Vol. III, No. 3, (1901), pp. 97-8 of pp. 97-100.

2.2.) = “…We consign to history a group of buildings whose sight is magnificent, a worthy site for the Museum of the Roman Forum.”

Prof. Giacomo Boni, 7th November, 1901. in: Prof. Giacomo Boni (1901) [= the Museum and Antiquarium of the Roman Forum: 1900-1907], in: ‘Progetto di Restauro – Il Monumento Oggi – Il Tempio di Venere e Roma,’ Rome, MiBAC | SSBAR (2011).

2.3) = ‘...But Comm. [Giacomo] Boni's idea of forming in the new museum [of the Roman Forum] a reference library and a collection of photographs of Roman monuments from all parts of the Roman world is a good one. Such a collection will be of very considerable use to students, if can combine completeness with simplicity of arrangement. There will, of course, be plans and photographs of the Forum itself, and of drawings and views, from the fifteenth century onwards, relating to it, many of which are of greatest value for the study of the subject. Comm. Boni's appeal to those who are interested in it to contribute any books, publications or photographs that have any bearing upon it, and it is to be hoped that further help will be forthcoming towards the formation of the collection.’

Prof. Thomas Ashby, Jr.; "RECENT EXCAVATIONS IN ROME," THE CLASSICAL REVIEW (1906), p. 328.

2.4.) = Prof. Giacomo Boni - Direttore degli Scavi di Antichità al Foro Romano e Palatino (1905): "The Public Library of the [Roman] Forum Museum. The Times (London), July 14th, 1905, p. 4.

2.5.) = “This combination of study, research, survey, recording, practical intervention and cultural exchange made up Boni’s [= Prof. Giacomo Boni – the Archaeological Director of the Roman Forum: 1898-1925] all-round knowledge and fair judgment on historic buildings, which he was never afraid of defending, saving many important buildings from demolition. To complete this extensive scientific and methodological rigor Boni had the capacity to cross reference information from different documentary and physical sources (classical sources, previous explorations, paintings, geology) and an incredible intuition that sometimes was not well understood and was taken as arbitrary interpretation. He did not leave his work in the mere discovery phase, but tried to analyze and to interpret the results, making a great contribution in the debate of the time.” (…) “The main criticism to Boni is that he did not publish more on his work (probably due to lack of time but mainly lack of collaborators willing to disseminate his findings). He compensated for this however by publishing a few important writings, like the one he published in 1901 on archaeological investigation methods: Il Metodo (Boni 1901 [republished in 1913]). In this publication, Boni makes clear how he privileges material evidence. This text discusses the stratigraphic archaeological excavation methodology. Boni had applied a similar approach in the Museo Forense [= The Museum and Antiquarium of the Roman Forum: 1900-1907], but instead of ground excavation, the stratigraphic sections have now been done in elevation. This example stressed the importance of conserving in situ not only the remains, but also some sections that show the stratification over the time. This method also enables the appreciation and research of remains that are not well understood at the time, but which may be understood by future generations.”

Dr. Arch. Cristina Gonzalez-Longo, “Giacomo Boni at the Museo Forense: Construction History as a Source for Architectural Innovation,” in: Dunkeld et al. editors, Proc. Second Int. Congress on Construction History. Cambridge, Exeter: Short Run Press, (2006), p. 1341 of pp. 1341–1362.

2.6). ‘...Despite the losses to Rome’s archaeological record, [Rodolfo] Lanciani (1845-1929) was, with Giacomo Boni (1859–1925), one of the most important figures in Roman archaeology in the late-nineteenth and early-twentieth centuries. Lanciani’s studies were concerned primarily with the ancient city’s topography, and the construction in the capital enabled him to further these investigations. It was Giacomo Boni who first practiced diligently in the field the exacting documentation of every aspect of an excavation. Working in the Forum and on the Palatine hill where construction was forbidden, Boni developed a methodology using stratigraphy and documentation of everything in situ. Lanciani and Boni, in addition to their important contributions to archaeological practice, also contributed to museological practice in Rome ...’

Patricia Ann Gilson, 'RITUALS OF A NATION’S IDENTITY: ARCHAEOLOGY AND GENEALOGY IN ANTIQUITIES MUSEUMS OF ROME,' UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA | Thesis (May 2009), p. 82 & note n. 9, of pp 1-420.

________________

Notes: 2.1. thru 2.6 = ROMA - Prof. Arch. Giacomo Boni, Il Foro Romano (1898-1925) - IL MUSEO DEL FORO ROMANO | Antiquarium Forense di Roma [1898-1911], in: ROME - PROF. GIACOMO BONI (1891-1925), THE ROMAN FORUM: THE ANTIQUARIUM FORENSE - REDISCOVERING AN ANCIENT MUSEUM & RESTORATION OF THE ANTIQUARIUM (2004-15). Foto & Stampa (1 di 2111). [06|2015]. =

www.flickr.com/photos/imperial_fora_of_rome/sets/72157603...

________________

*= Below additional notes for: Prof. Arch. Boni (1941-43 thru 1891)

* = Prof. G. Boni (1891-1943):

-- Prof. G. Boni (1941-43) = Prof. Giacomo Boni, stampa delle opere: corrispondenza, elenchi, piani dell’opera, relazione e documentazione relativa alla Fondazione Giacomo Boni - 1941-1943 con docc. del 1932-1933. Nota 333 = "La Fondazione Boni fu promossa nel giugno 1927 da Pietro Fedele con lo scopo di pubblicare gli scritti di Giacomo Boni. La pubblicazione fu affidata alla segretaria della fondazione Eva Tea. La Fondazione passò all’accademia con il suo patrimonio nel 1942."

-- Prof. G. Boni (1934) = Prof. Giacomo Boni: The Roman Forum and the Rediscovery and the Restoration Antiquarium Forense (2009-10): “L’ antiquarium del Foro Romano ed i suoi tesori archeologici,” LA STAMPA, (21/01/1934), [PDF], p. 3. = wp.me/pPRv6-9U

-- Prof. G. Boni (1932) = VENEZIA ARCHEOLOGIA e BENI CULTURALI: Dott.ssa Eva Tea, “ATTAVERSO LE MEMORIE DI GIACOMO BONI – IL CROLLO DELLE CAMPANILE DI SAN MARCO,” LA STAMPA (18|04|1932), p. 8. = wp.me/pPRv6-1VR

-- Prof. G. Boni (1926) = Dott.ssa Eva Tea, "LA GIOVINEZZA DI GIACOMO BONI," RIVISTA MENSILE ED ARTISTICA DEL "CORRIERE DELLA SERA," MILANO, 1 GUIGNO (1926), pp. 401-408. = wp.me/pPRv6-1Tv

-- Prof. G. Boni (1925) = ROMA ARCHITETTURA, ARCHEOLOGIA e BENI CULTURALI: “Prof. Giacomo Boni [1858-1925],” by Wickham Steed, ‘THE LIVING AGE,’ (Nov. 7, 1925), pp. 303-312. W. Steed, Editor of THE TIME OF LONDON (1919-22), Rome correspondent, THE TIMES OF LONDON (1897-1902). = wp.me/pPRv6-27l

-- Prof. G. Boni (1922) = ROMA ARCHEOLOGIA e RESTAURO ARCHITETTURA: PARCO DEI FORI IMPERIALI & VIA DEI MONTI di G. Giovannoni, G. Boni, C. Ricci & V. Morpurgo (1911-13 & 1919|1924), Foto: “Dall’ alto dell Palatino, Giacomo Boni spiega al Presidente Alvear (Argentina) il Foro Romano,” (1922). = wp.me/pPRv6-2no

-- Prof. G. Boni (1920a) = ROMA ARCHEOLOGIA e RESTAURO ARCHITETTURA: Prof. Giacomo Boni (1920), in: M. Pellegrini & C. Pisu, "Documentari, televisione e creazione di contenuti visivi per i musei," Associazione Nazionale Piccoli Musei (APM), ITALIA (05|10|2014). = wp.me/pPRv6-2sY

-- Prof. G. Boni (1920b) = ROMA ARCHEOLOGIA e RESTAURO ARCHITETTURA: Prof. Giacomo Boni, "Movies in Education," noted archeologist suggest using moving pictures to promote the study of history in the [Italian] schools, THE HAYS FREE PRESS, HAYS, KANSAS; USA (18 MARCH 1920), p. (?). = wp.me/pPRv6-2l7

-- Prof. Gi. Boni (1920c) Rome - Prof. Giacomo Boni and the Antiquarium Forense: Rediscovering an Ancient Museum (2004-07). COMM. BONI'S EXPLORATIONS - Results of Twenty Years' Work To Be Published. The Times (London) June 2nd, 1920. p. 5. = www.flickr.com/photos/imperial_fora_of_rome/244201537/

-- Prof. G. Boni (1901) = Rome, Venus and Roma’s Temple: Prof. Giacomo Boni & Roma’s Cella and Repairs, the Museum of the Roman Forum (1901-07). in: Rome, Venus and Roma’s Temple. (SSBAR / MIBAC (2011). = wp.me/pPRv6-jg

-- Prof. G. Boni (1899) = ROMA ARCHEOLOGICA & RESTAURO ARCHITETTURA: Prof. Giacomo Boni, "Clearing Up the Roman Forum," Boston Evening Transcript (17 Jan. 1899), p. 4 = www.flickr.com/photos/imperial_fora_of_rome/16272342793/

-- Prof. G. Boni (1891) = ROMA ARCHEOLOGICA & RESTAURO ARCHITETTURA: Prof. Giacomo Boni, IL CATASTO DEI MONUMENTI IN ITALIA, Archivo storico dell’ arte, IV (1891), [PDF] pp. 417-424. = wp.me/pPRv6-32t

Blythe-a-Day#5. I Want My MTV or Reality TV&#15. Treachery: The Most Hated Man in America: "The Bachelor," Arie Luyendyk, Jr. by The Real Blythequake

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Here, Tom Hardy portrays the most hated man in America, Arie Luyendyk, Jr., star of the reality show "The Bachelor," who proposed to Becca [played here by Rosalind] after rejecting Lauren, only to break up with Becca--on camera--seconds after entering the 'love nest' they were to stay in for their (ironically named) 'Happy Couple's weekend.'

Here is part of the conversation, only slightly altered:

Arie: "Hi, Becca, the weather's nice, isn't it?"

Becca [smiling]: "Yes."

Arie: "Becca, the longer I'm engaged to you, the more I feel like I'm losing the chance to get back together with Lauren."

Becca [incredulous]: "That's the way it's supposed to be. We're engaged!"

[Offscreen: Me to Arie: "Dummy!"]

Arie: "You know I've been struggling."

Becca: "What does that mean?"

Arie: "I can't stay engaged to you when I'm only 'half in' with you. I want to see if Lauren will take me back."

Becca [sobbing]: "Why did you ask me to marry you? This is so embarrassing. Leave. Just leave."

Arie doesn't leave until she tells him about a million times. Go means go!

Before this conversation, Arie had already phoned Lauren to ask her to take him back. He had also been in contact with other women he had met on "The Bachelor."

Arie, Jr.'s father, Arie Luyendyk, Hall of Fame race car driver and 2 time winner of the Indianapolis 500, should tell Junior to change his name!

Walter meinel stands in front of a linear parabolic reflector, a prototype of the system that he proposes for large "solar farms"..., 04/1974 by U.S. National Archives

Original Caption: Walter meinel stands in front of a linear parabolic reflector, a prototype of the system that he proposes for large "solar farms" to generate huge amounts of electricity. The sun's rays are reflected onto the tube carrying fluid which is heated and can be used to drive turbines and generators. Near Tucson, Arizona, 04/1974

U.S. National Archives’ Local Identifier: 412-DA-12887

Photographer: Norton, Boyd

Subjects:

Environmental protection

Natural resources

Pollution

Tucson (Pima county, Arizona) inhabited place

Persistent URL: research.archives.gov/description/555339

Repository: Still Picture Records Section, Special Media Archives Services Division (NWCS-S), National Archives at College Park, 8601 Adelphi Road, College Park, MD, 20740-6001.

For information about ordering reproductions of photographs held by the Still Picture Unit, visit: www.archives.gov/research/order/still-pictures.html

Reproductions may be ordered via an independent vendor. NARA maintains a list of vendors at www.archives.gov/research/order/vendors-photos-maps-dc.html

Access Restrictions: Unrestricted

Use Restrictions: Unrestricted

Proposed Kitchen by Presidential Museum and Library PH (2010-2016)

IMG_4142_5d by sqrphoto

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many movies had scenes shot here. the show goes on - bethesda fountain, central park, nyc, ny

Proposed Route of Pacific-Yukon International Highways by Arthur T. LaBar

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This map shows some of the routes that had been proposed for a highway through western Canada to Alaska. It also provides a descriptive paragraph of Carcross YT. Type L to enlarge the view.

Bill expected to be sent to Carcross to work as a civilian on the second phase of construction of the Alaska Highway. He was flown into Whitehorse on June 13, 1943. Carcross lies between Whitehorse YT and Skagway, Alaska. Using his pen, he indicated the approximate location of his camp on this map.

This document and more than one hundred letters written by Bill to his wife Helen from Yukon Territories in 1943 are under the care of the Yukon Archives in Whitehorse: www.yukonmuseums.ca/museum/y_archive/y_archive.html

#propose by Mg Lin

Kings Cross Station, Forecourt, Proposed improvements. London by Iqbal Aalam

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RIBA Gallery at Victoria & Albert Museum has recently opened an exhibition about design and construction of new major extensions and further proposed improvements to Kings Cross station and the spaces in front. I have already covered this building in some detail in my Blog and in previous Flickr uploads but hope that this additional visual information may give a better flavour of the project to the people away from London.

Architects for the overall forecourt design; Stanton Williams.

Top l to r: Architects model showing the entrance between station building and Great Northern Hotel. ; The same area as seen recently; The rendering showing the proposed forecourt design after removal of the existing buildings.; Architects model showing the same area in context; Photograph of another model for the same area; An old photograph of the Great Western Hotel for you to judge its architectural merits.

The Kitchen Garden by Earth Designs. www.earthdesigns.co.uk. London Garden Design and landscape build. by Earth Designs

Earth Designs Garden Design and Build were asked to created a landscape and propose garden design in Leyton, London*. Here are the details of the project

The Kitchen Garden in Leyron, London E10

BRIEF:

This site was an open corner plot in an end of terrace house. Its exposed aspect meant that it suffered from a lack of shade and was adversely affected by strong wind. An awkward shape, it had fairly low, shabby, trellis-capped walls on two sides and thus suffered from lack of privacy.

The side wall of the house enclosed the third side of the garden, and an area of uneven concrete, which the client stipulated should be kept but made more attractive, bordered the fourth.

The client has an allergy to insect bites, so stated that he did not want a water feature, which would attract insect life, included in the design. There was also an area containing a coal bunker, which the client and Earth Designs agreed should remain as a ‘working area’.

SOLUTION:

The design was styled as a contemporary cottage garden – a variation on a ‘Pottager’s Garden’, featuring herbs with the potential to incorporate vegetables within the raised flowerbeds. The beds, running along the house and boundary walls, were constructed with used railway sleepers and built at odd angles to add personality to the space.

Within these beds, a planting palette of scented orange, purple, cream and green foliage was carefully selected to give year round interest and texture. Two seating areas were included in the design, one for dining and one for contemplation, situated in separate areas to catch the sun at different times of the day.

The dining area, featuring a small table and bench seat constructed from railway sleepers, was given increased privacy with the addition of a hinged trellis closing off its exposed side. The other seating area featured a corner deck, large enough to hold two sun loungers at full spread.

The middle of the space featured a triangular raised bed in which a semi-mature tree was planted, offering shade and shelter from the elements. The main area, enclosed by the raised beds, was carpeted with a combination of slate tiles, sunken railway sleepers and pea shingle, amongst which clumps of lawn chamomile and creeping thyme were planted.

The existing garden walls were raised in height, rendered and painted white, to provide an attractive backdrop to the raised beds while significantly increasing the privacy

of the space.

The existing concreted area was overlaid with slate tiles, to provide a hard, practical, yet attractive surface. An archway constructed from railway sleepers was used to demark the existing ‘working area’ from the rest of the garden. This archway was placed so that it would also offer support for an existing honeysuckle.

TESTIMONIAL:

“It is common these days to talk of the garden as another room, an extension of the house, bringing the garden into the home, and the home into the garden etc, etc…

Earth Designs didn’t do that. They gave me a sanctuary. From a pretty vague and basic brief, (I’d like a tree, I’d like to have scented flowers, it’s a windy garden, it’s overlooked, it needs to be low maintenance….) they created a calm yet excitingly varied space in which I can escape from the world to somewhere tranquil, or entertain intimately or on a large scale.

They worked like Trojans, often putting in 12 hour days. The quality of the work, and choice of planting and hard landscaping is impeccable. Their aftercare service is terrific - if I have a query or a problem, they deal with it. They are, in short, a good bunch.

They didn’t only give me a garden, they made a dream come alive, and I thank them for it.”

If you dig this and would like to find out more about this or any of other of our designs, please stop by our web-site and have a look at our work.

Earth Designs is a bespoke London Garden Design and build company specialising in classic, funky and urban contemporary garden design.

Our Landscape and Garden build teams cover London, Essex and parts of South East England, while garden designs are available nationwide.

The Terrace House Garden by Earth Designs. www.earthdesigns.co.uk. London Garden Design and landscape build. by Earth Designs

Earth Designs Garden Design and Build were asked to created a landscape and propose garden design in Leytonstone, London here are the details of the project.

The Terrace House Garden in Leytonstone, London E11

BRIEF:

This plot was a long urban garden and was almost completely bare, but for two large, established trees. The client was attempting to construct a pond in the near right corner using green slate boulders as decoration, and requested that this should be included in the design.

The interior of the house had a modern, contemporary feel fused with Victorian architecture. As the patio doors lead directly from the kitchen/diner into the garden, the garden becomes very much an extension of the house – as such the style of the interiorwas of particular consideration in the design the exterior space.

SOLUTION:

The final design created a low maintenance garden with a simple and contemporary feel. The area directly behind the house was laid with decking, running half way down the left side of the space. New wooden fences, to replace the existing worn out wire fences, were erected down the right of the garden, onto which a selection of clematis and everlasting sweet peas were trained.

The main area of the garden consisted of a tapered, oval shaped lawn, encircled by a raised bed following the same shape as the lawn. A smaller, tapered oval raised bed in the middle of the lawn served to slightly mask the bottom of the garden, breaking up the space and helping to create a sense of intrigue.

The simplicity of the borders was echoed in the planting, which consisted of white flowers and green foliage. Cool, crisp and elegant, a white planting scheme provides an air of harmony and tranquillity, and is well suited to the style of the garden and the interior of the house. An area devoted to graceful architectural ferns helped to accentuate the simplicity

of the space and serves to provide a stunning and effective display throughout the year.

Re-designing the layout of the client’s existing pond, using state boulders together with a powerful pump to produce an effective waterfall, helped to create a striking water feature. The pond and surrounding area was given life with the addition of water lilies and other aquatic and semi-aquatic plants. A bowed Cedrus libani (ssp.atlantica) ‘Glauca’, trailing branches in the water, presented the final flourish to the space.

TESTIMONIAL:

“Katrina and her team worked extremely hard and long hours to complete the garden quickly and with minimum disruption to our home. Considering that we have no access other than through the entire house, there was almost no disruption to our lives.

Watching the garden grow from its original design and come to life was amazing. It exceeded our expectations completely, and the aftercare pack and service offered by Earth Designs was brilliant.

We have no hesitation in recommending Earth Designs to any of our friends, who have also been amazed with our fantastic new garden - of course we have been showing it off at every sunny opportunity. Thanks to Katrina and her team at Earth Designs for such a fantastic design, utilising the space brilliantly and creating an outside space that we are extremely proud of.”

If you dig this and would like to find out more about this or any of other of our designs, please stop by our web-site and have a look at our work.

Earth Designs is a bespoke London Garden Design and build company specialising in classic, funky and urban contemporary garden design.

Our Landscape and Garden build teams cover London, Essex and parts of South East England, while garden designs are available nationwide.

stairs_proposed_model by niblettes99

What our stairs might look like fixed up with side walls

Alki Proposed by David Boynton

Corporate Award Certificates by Steve Czajka

Read more about this and download an HD version at: steveczajka.posterous.com/corporate-award-certificates I wanted to share with you some work I completed for our Corporate Awards. I approached our awards committee with an idea to make some improvements to their annual awards programme. Their response was, we're open to the idea -- show us some mock-ups of what you propose. So i did, and they were accep ...

US Senator of Vermont Bernie Sanders in Littleton NH on August 24th, 2015 by Michael Vadon by Michael Vadon

Bernard "Bernie" Sanders (born September 8, 1941) is the junior United States Senator from Vermont.

Sanders is the longest-serving independent in U.S. congressional history. A self-described democratic socialist, he favors policies similar to those of social democratic parties in Europe, particularly those instituted by the Nordic countries. He caucuses with the Democratic Party and has been the ranking minority member on the Senate Budget Committee since January 2015.

Born in Brooklyn, New York, Sanders attended Brooklyn College before transferring to and graduating from the University of Chicago. While a student, he was a member of the Young People's Socialist League and active in the Civil Rights Movement as a protest organizer for the Congress of Racial Equality and the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee. In 1963, he participated in the March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom.

Sanders settled in Vermont in 1968, and ran unsuccessfully for Governor and U.S. Senator in the early to mid-1970s as a member of the Liberty Union Party. As an independent, Sanders was elected mayor of Burlington, Vermont's most populous city, in 1981. He was reelected to three more two-year mayoral terms before being elected to represent Vermont's at-large congressional district in the United States House of Representatives in 1990. He served as a congressman for 16 years before being elected to succeed the retiring Republican-turned-independent Jim Jeffords in the U.S. Senate in 2006. In 2012, he was reelected by a large margin, capturing almost 71% of the popular vote.

Since his election to the Senate, Sanders has emerged as a leading progressive voice on issues such as income inequality, universal healthcare, parental leave, climate change, LGBT rights, and campaign finance reform. He rose to national prominence on the heels of his 2010 filibuster of the proposed extension of the Bush-era tax rates for the wealthy. Sanders is also outspoken on civil rights and civil liberties, and has been particularly critical of mass surveillance policies such as the USA PATRIOT Act, as well as racial discrimination in the criminal justice system. He has long been critical of U.S. foreign policy, and was an early and outspoken opponent of the Iraq War.

Sanders is a candidate for the Democratic Party's nomination for President in the 2016 U.S. presidential election.

Date: August 24th, 2015

Time: 7PM

Location:

Littleton Opera House

2 Union St.

Littleton, NH 03561

Proposed Extension of Subway: Scollay Station to Park St. Station and Enlargement of Scollay, Boylston St and Park St Stations. by vanshnookenraggen

A proposal to add a second tunnel to the Green Line between Scollay Sq (Government Center) and Park St.

hands across the sand 2016 - 5210105 by bill doyle

hands across the sand 2016, glenelg beach, adelaide, south australia

because BP has no right to risk the great australian bight!

BP - of deepwater horizon fame - proposes to undertake offshore drilling operations in the bight in south australian waters, threatening one of the most pristine marine habitats in the world

#joinHANDS

#FightfortheBight

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