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Silver-washed Fritillary (M) Underwing.

 

Argynnis paphia

 

The swooping flight of this large and graceful butterfly is one of the most beautiful sights to be found in woodland during high summer. A large fast flying butterfly, separated from other fritillaries by its pointed wings and silver streaks on the undersides which can be viewed as it stops to feed on flowers such as Bramble.

 

Although the butterfly is seen mostly in sunny glades and rides, it actually breeds in the shadier parts of adjacent woodland. In southern England, a small proportion of females have wings that are bronze-green, known as the form valezina.

 

The Silver-washed Fritillary declined during the twentieth century, especially in England and Wales, but has spread noticeably during recent decades. Widespread across southern England and Wales and more locally in northern England and Ireland

The highest point in the community is the summit of the 988-meter-high Hohe Peißenberg. Because of its overwhelming panoramic view, it is also called the “Bavarian Rigi” or, much less often, “mons parnanssus”. It is considered the most beautiful panoramic mountain in Bavaria and is a popular destination. The mountain's early nicknames were "mons doctus" because of its scholarship and meteorological research. The majority of the inhabitants live on the south side of the mountain, another smaller part is on the west side (districts: Hetten and Buchschorn), a small proportion of the inhabitants is on the north and east sides.

The main town is on the left bank of the Ammer River. The Ammer flows through the Ammer Gorge below the south side of the village.

"American Wigeons eat a higher proportion of plant matter than any other dabbling duck thanks to their short gooselike bill. The shortness of the bill helps exert more force at the tip so they can pluck vegetation from fields and lawns with ease."

The Cornell Lab of Ornithology

 

Photographed in the wild, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada

You might not expect to come upon a castle while visiting Spokane, but that is exactly what you will do if you visit the Spokane County courthouse. Most of us associate such architecture with romantic old castles in Europe, or perhaps something out of the world of Walt Disney or fairy tales. To find such a building in the center of a modern, growing regional hub city such as Spokane is a bit startling.

The courthouse is said to closely resemble two famous 16th century chateaux in the Loire Valley of France, the Chateau de Chambord, built in 1519 and the Chateau d'Azay Le Rideau built in 1516. Many architects through the years have commented on the masterly replica of a 16th century French Renaissance design, its fine lines of style and proportion with regard to the towers and turrets, the sculpture, iron and brickwork which excel in pattern and craftsmanship. Detailed exterior trim such as shell patterns with wreaths and festoons and decorative arches are a few of the outstanding features of its design. The beautiful center tower, now lighted at night, is a masterpiece of detail in itself.

Restricted to the Canary Islands and Madeira. An oddly-proportioned pipit with a short tail making it look front heavy. Pale overall with a streaky breast, white belly, and a conspicuous white eyebrow. The wings coverts have prominent dark centers. Generally found foraging on the ground, in open dry areas with low vegetation. The call is a short series of “tchri” notes.

The great grey owl (Strix nebulosa) is found throughout Northern Europe, Northern Asia and a significant proportion of North America. They are quite large birds, rivalling the Eurasian Eagle Owl in size. The great grey owl has a large, rounded head and yellow eyes, with light underparts mottled with darker grey feathers. Their wings and back are darker grey with lighter bars.

 

The great grey owl has a large "facial disk." The facial disk is a concave circle of feathers around the eyes of the bird. It helps to collect sound waves and direct them toward the owl's ears, helping the owl to locate its prey by sound. The great grey owl has the largest facial disk of any bird of prey.

 

Their diet consists mainly of small mammals and their preferred prey is voles, however they will also eat gophers, weasels, squirrels, rabbits, rats and mice. They nest in dense coniferous forests in most of the northern hemisphere.

 

The female will lay between two to six eggs at one- to two-day intervals. The female does all of the incubation, which starts when the first egg is laid. After four to six weeks the chicks hatch. The male provides all the food for the young, which is torn into smaller pieces by the female. When food is scarce the female great grey owl will often starve herself in order to feed her chicks, and may lose up to a third of her body weight. The chicks will leave the nest after approximately a month and can fly well after two months. The young stay close to home and are cared for by the female for some time after leaving the nest.

Pandanus tectorius is a species of Pandanus (screwpine) that is native to Malesia, eastern Australia, and the Pacific Islands. It grows in the coastal lowlands typically near the edge of the ocean. Common names in English include thatch screwpine, Tahitian screwpine, hala tree, pandanus, and pu hala in Hawaiian. The fruit is sometimes known as hala fruit. P. tectorius is a small tree that grows upright to reach 4–14 m (13–46 ft) in height. The single trunk is slender with brown ringed bark. It is spiny, grows to 4.5–11 m (15–35 ft) in width, and forks at a height of 4–8 metres (13–26 ft). It is supported by prop roots that firmly anchors the tree to the ground. Roots sometimes grow along the branch, and they grow at wide angles in proportion to the trunk. 23308

The red-shouldered hawk (Buteo lineatus) is a medium-sized hawk. Its breeding range spans eastern North America and along the coast of California and northern to northeastern-central Mexico. Red-shouldered hawks are permanent residents throughout most of their range, though northern birds do migrate, mostly to central Mexico. The main conservation threat to the widespread species is deforestation.

 

Males are 38 to 58 cm (15 to 23 in) long and weigh on average 550 g (1.21 lb). Females are slightly larger at 47 to 61 cm (19 to 24 in) in length and a mean weight of 700 g (1.5 lb). The wingspan can range from 90 to 127 cm (35 to 50 in). Adult birds can vary in mass from 460 to 930 g (1.01 to 2.05 lb). Among standard measurements, the wing bone is 28–35 cm (11–14 in) long, the tail is 16–24 cm (6.3–9.4 in) long and the tarsus is 7.5–9 cm (3.0–3.5 in).[6] Adults have brownish heads, reddish chests, and pale bellies with reddish bars. Their tails, which are quite long by Buteo standards, are marked with narrow white bars. Red "shoulders" are visible when the birds are perched. These hawks' upper parts are dark with pale spots and they have long yellow legs. Western birds may appear more red, while Florida birds are generally paler. The wings of adults are more heavily barred on the upper side. Juvenile red-shouldered hawks are most likely to be confused with juvenile broad-winged hawks, but can be distinguished by their long tails, crescent-like wing markings, and a more flapping, Accipiter-like flight style. In direct comparison, it is typically larger and longer proportioned than the Broad-wing, though is slightly smaller and more slender than most other common North American Buteos. This bird is sometimes also confused with the widespread red-tailed hawk. That species is larger and bulkier, with more even-sized, broad wings and is paler underneath, with a reddish tail often apparent. The Red-tail is also more likely to soar steadily, with wings in a slight dihedral.

 

Los Angeles. California.

Xigia beach is unique in Zakynthos. The waters here contain a large proportion of sulphur, hence a distinctive aroma. The sulphur comes from neighbouring caves and has healing properties making it an ideal choice for those suffering from pains in the legs and arthritis. It also helps to treat cellulite! It's fun watching all these so-called influencers who take pictures but hardly enter the cold water.

 

Xigia Beach is einzigartig auf Zakynthos. Das Wasser enthält viel Schwefel, was zu einem besonderen Duft führt. Der Schwefel stammt aus umliegenden Höhlen und hat heilende Eigenschaften für die, die an Arthritis und Problemen mit den Beinen leiden. Außerdem ist das Wasser gut gegen Zellulitis. Es ist sehr amüsant, all die Influencer zu beobachten, die Fotos machen, aber das kalte Wasser kaum betreten.

...blicke ich direkt auf den Taufstein.

 

Wikipedia weiß über ihn folgendes zu berichten:

"Ein romanischer Taufstein, der um 1150 gefertigt wurde, steht im westlichen Mittelschiff. Er gehörte nicht zur Ausstattung der Stiftskirche, sondern stammt aus der abgerissenen Kirche von Alsleben und wurde 1865 im Zuge der Neuausstattung von von Quast nach Gernrode gebracht. Das achtseitige Taufbecken ist tief in den Sandstein eingearbeitet und hat eine Höhe von 93 Zentimetern sowie einen Durchmesser von 120 Zentimetern. An den Rundbogennischen der Außenseiten ist es mit figürlichen Reliefs ausgestattet, die das Leben Christi darstellen, in zwei Dreiergruppen die Kreuzigung und den Salvator Mundi sowie in je einem Relief Himmelfahrt und Geburt Christi. Die Umsetzung der Darstellung erfolgte jedoch nur mit begrenztem künstlerischen Vermögen, beispielsweise stimmen die Proportionen der Figuren nicht. Der Stein wurde um 1150 gearbeitet. Der Sockel des Taufsteins ist eine Arbeit des 19. Jahrhunderts..."

 

Im Hintergrund leuchtet das Blau der Apsis am Hochaltar - das Bild saht ihr gestern.

Ich habe es im Kommentarfeld noch einmal eingefügt.

Simone Leigh in the US pavilion, Venice Arsenal

Eurasian blue tits, usually resident and non-migratory birds, are widespread and a common resident breeder throughout temperate and subarctic Europe and the western Palearctic in deciduous or mixed woodlands with a high proportion of oak. They usually nest in tree holes, although they easily adapt to nest boxes where necessary. Their main rival for nests and in the search for food is the larger and more common great tit.

 

The Eurasian blue tit prefers insects and spiders for its diet. Outside the breeding season, they also eat seeds and other vegetable-based foods. The birds are famed for their skill, as they can cling to the outermost branches and hang upside down when looking for food.

"Life shrinks or expands in proportion to one's courage"

Anaïs Nin

"La vie se rétrécit ou s'agrandit proportionnellement à son courage"

Barcelona

La imagen fue encontrada de manera fortuita en 1975 por unos obreros que trabajaban en la consolidación de la tribuna del templo, al derribar el panderete que ocultaba una antigua ventana. Dividida en piezas y muy deteriorada por la humedad y el paso del tiempo, fue restaurada respetando su carácter de pieza histórica de notable valor. Las figuras son inexpresivas y toscas en su proporción al uso de la escultura de aquella época. Se trata de una imagen del siglo XII, de 75 centímetros de altura y 10 centímetros de grosor, de estilo románico-bizantino, realizada en madera policromada.

 

Image of the Virgin Mary, from the twelfth century, in the Monastery of Ferreira de Panton.

The image was found fortuitously in 1975 by workers working to consolidate the temple rostrum, tearing down the tambourine that concealed an ancient window. Divided into pieces and greatly deteriorated by humidity and the passage of time, it was restored respecting its character as a historical piece of remarkable value. The figures are expressionless and rough in proportion to the use of sculpture at the time. It is an image of the XII century, 75 centimeters tall and 10 centimeters thick, Romanesque-Byzantine style, made of polychrome wood.

 

Ferreira de Pantón (Lugo). Galicia. España.

  

Eurasian blue tits, usually resident and non-migratory birds, are widespread and a common resident breeder throughout temperate and subarctic Europe and the western Palearctic in deciduous or mixed woodlands with a high proportion of oak. They usually nest in tree holes, although they easily adapt to nest boxes where necessary. Their main rival for nests and in the search for food is the larger and more common great tit.

 

The Eurasian blue tit prefers insects and spiders for its diet. Outside the breeding season, they also eat seeds and other vegetable-based foods. The birds are famed for their skill, as they can cling to the outermost branches and hang upside down when looking for food.

Wat Benchamabophit, Bangkok

September2020

Listen The Way Home- Michael Dulin

 

A man is rich in proportion to the number of things which he can afford to let alone.

Henry David Thoreau

 

In Wordpress In Blogger photo.net/photos/Reinante/ In Onexposure

en perfecta proporcion

In southern England, a small proportion of females have wings that are bronze-green, known as the form valezina.

A high proportion of my Western Meadowlarks are singing from fence posts, so it was gratifying to find one by the roadside, perched on a little pile of debris. This is a common bird in my area throughout spring and summer - one of the first migrants to return, a harbinger of spring. And its song is very sweet, rivalled, perhaps, only by the Bobolink's.

 

(My apologies to anyone who faved the White-crowned Sparrow that I uploaded earlier in this spot and have now removed. A clerical error; I had already shared it, 4 years ago. You can find it in my Best of 2017 album.)

 

This ends my "farewell to the birds of summer" series. Tomorrow I will begin posting more recent images. October was a busy month, lots of wildlife coming up so stay tuned!

 

Photographed from the rolling red Toyota blind in Grasslands National Park, Saskatchewan (Canada). Don't use this image on websites, blogs, or other media without explicit permission ©2021 James R. Page - all rights reserved.

The organ in Hallgrímskirkja, Reykjavik

Cleveland, UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 2024

 

Nestled within Edinburgh’s desirable Craiglockhart area, Bridgeview Apartments are a collection of 50 contemporary and well-proportioned one, two and three-bedroom apartments.

 

This stunning development is enclosed by private, landscaped areas for residents to relax in and enjoy. The development neighbours the impressive Union Canal and is just a stone’s throw from the picturesque Water of Leith. The abundance of useful amenities and interesting activities on your doorstep, make an apartment at Bridgeview a perfectly situated home for any individual or family.

Pirna ist eine große Kreisstadt und der Verwaltungssitz des Landkreises Sächsische Schweiz-Osterzgebirge und der Verwaltungsgemeinschaft Pirna im Freistaat Sachsen.

Während der DDR-Zeit gehörte zu den sozialistischen Errungenschaften das Neubaugebiet in moderner Plattenbauweise während

die Altstadt dagegen verfiel, da Gebäude nicht ausreichend instand gehalten wurden. Ein Teil der Häuser war zum Ende der DDR unbewohnbar. Die Luft war von Kraftwerks- und Industrieabgasen sowie den Braunkohleheizungen stark verschmutzt. Vom Osterzgebirge kommend sah man oft eine Dunstglocke über dem Elbtalkessel. Der unmittelbare Übergang zur Marktwirtschaft führte zur Stilllegung eines erheblichen Teils der strukturbestimmenden Industriebetriebe und 5000 Arbeitsplätze weg. Mittlerweile sind von den reichlich 300 Gebäuden der historischen Altstadt über 90 % saniert.

de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pirna

 

Pirna is a town in the Free State of Saxony located near Dresden.

During the GDR era, one of the new developments of socialist achievements, was the new built prefab estate meanwhile the old town fell into disrepair because buildings were not sufficiently maintained. Some of the houses were uninhabitable at the end of the GDR. The air was heavily polluted by power plant and industrial emissions as well as lignite-fired heating systems. Coming from the eastern Erzgebirge you could often see a haze over the Elbe basin. The immediate transition to a market economy led to the closure of a significant proportion of industry-defining industries and 5,000 jobs. In the meantime, more than 90% of the more than 300 buildings in the historic old town have been redeveloped.

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pirna

 

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Nach der Wahl in Sachsen frage ich mich dennoch, was die Menschen dort empfinden und denken.....

This week's FlickrFriday theme is: #Proportion

A photo taken at a cafe in Dong Van.

Vietnam has many unique inventions. The dripper in the photo does not need paper as coffee is filtered through pinholes in the metal plate inside. And more importantly, it is very cheap.

 

Coffee cultivation was first introduced to Vietnam in the mid-19th century by the French, but it was the Doi Moi economic reform in the 1980s that spurred private individual farmers to grow coffee as a cash crop, which eventually made it one of Vietnam’s major export products. Vietnam is now the second largest coffee producer in the world only next to Brazil.

 

With the increase of coffee production, Vietnam developed its own coffee culture.

The taste of Vietnamese coffee is similar to, but different from, French coffee and now has its own right thanks to the dripper and a distinctive roasting techniques.

Cafes are everywhere like in France, but the difference is that the stools are often very low. Someone said that the price of a cup of coffee in Vietnam is in proportion to the height of stool in the cafe. I mean, low stool cafes are cheaper.

#FlickrFriday

#Proportion

Concrete bench in public parkland

Way out of proportion to its real significance. Much like current affairs.

Oshki is a Georgian monastery from the second half of the 10th century located in the historic province of Tao, now part of the territory of Turkey. The main church, dedicated to St John the Baptist, was built between 963 and 973. The Monasterys location in Turkey is in the village of Çamlıyamaç, in northeastern Erzurum Province, bordering Artvin Province.

 

he construction of the monastery at Osk/Oshki was sponsored by the Georgian Kings Bagrat eristavt-eristavi (prince of princes) and David III Bagrationi Kuropalates.

 

The blind arches are an important part of the whole decoration. In Oshki they stretch along the outer walls of the church in the south, east and north. It is an early example of the use of decorative blind arches on the facades. They divide the wall in line with the general architectural rhythm. The central part of the facade is mainly decorated with bas-reliefs.

 

Bas-reliefs, placed high above the central arch, are given the place of honour on the southern facade, which is the main facade of the church. They stand out from the flat surface. The eagle with an animal in his talons probably symbolises victory, and the whole sculptural composition the triumph of the heavenly forces represented by the archangels Michael and Gabriel. Oshki monastery was a major centre of Georgian literature and enlightenment during the Middle Ages.

 

In the province of Tao the power lay in the hands of the ruling dynasty of the Bagrationi, whose members Bagrat eristavt-eristavi and David Magistros are depicted lower down on the same facade, near the deesis, to show that the heavenly forces were the family's patrons. The figures are well proportioned, elegant in contour and form. The static postures of earlier donor portraits give way to free movement, and an equal attempt can be traced in the near three-dimensional renderings of the archangels and the deesis of the southern facade, as well as on a column in the southern gallery. The decorative system of the Oshki church also includes the low reliefs characteristic of the so-called transitional period in medieval Georgian art (8th - 10th centuries), when the old style had not yet given way completely, and new ways were evolving. Sculptors of the different generations must have worked on it. The church in Oshki already shows the tendencies that would eventually develop in the 11th century.

The Male Wren builds several nest but the female adds the lining to the nest she decides to use. In proportion to its size, the wren has the loudest song of any British bird. Wrens will nest communally in winter, with as many as 10 birds spending the night together in a single nestbox. The family name for the wrens is Troglodytidae, which means cave dweller.

The speckled wood (Pararge aegeria) is a butterfly found in and on the borders of woodland areas throughout much of the Palearctic realm. The species is subdivided into multiple subspecies, including Pararge aegeria aegeria, Pararge aegeria tircis, Pararge aegeria oblita, and Pararge aegeria insula. The color of this butterfly varies between subspecies. The existence of these subspecies is due to variation in morphology down a gradient corresponding to a geographic cline. The background of the wings ranges from brown to orange, and the spots are either pale yellow, white, cream, or a tawny orange. The speckled wood feeds on a variety of grass species. The males of this species exhibit two types of mate locating behaviors: territorial defense and patrolling.The proportion of males exhibiting these two strategies changes based on ecological conditions. The monandrous female must choose which type of male can help her reproduce successfully. Her decision is heavily influenced by environmental conditions.

Nature has natural proportions

The little globe is about 10 cm in diameter. That works out to about 31.4159 cm circumference or .314159 meter. According to google, Earth's circumference at the equator is about 40,075.017 km, in the neighborhood of 127,562,848.7 times bigger than this tiny thing. That works out to a earth to globe ratio of something like 1.28x10^8:1 Someone correct me if my calculation is wrong. Enjoy creating on Flickr Friday and thanks for any views, faves, and comments.

The Black Skimmer has a very thin profile when in full wing extension. They also have very long wings in proportion to their body size. I guess this all adds up to some aerodynamic natural advantage for the bird. Maybe the long wings enable stabilization when they are only inches over the water skimming for fish. In any event, they are sure one interesting bird and that red black beak is an unmistakable characteristic. Please view large for a full canvas view of this high flying skimmer.

 

Enjoy the rest of the weekend ~!

Always one of my favourites......

 

Oystercatcher

Scientific name: Haematopus ostralegus

 

The Oystercatcher is a striking and familiar wader, its pied plumage contrasting with the bright orange bill and pinkish legs.

 

The species breeds widely, both around the coast and inland, particularly in northern Britain, whilst during winter large flocks congregate on our estuaries. In Ireland the breeding population remains predominantly coastal. Britain & Ireland support a significant proportion of the global population of this species.

I believe this HYBYCOZO sculpture is titled Pyrite Field. It greets visitors in the Ottosen Entry Garden. Any correction will be appreciated. I especially love it at night with the lights and shadows.

 

dbg.org/events/light-bloom/2024-10-12/

www.youtube.com/watch?v=FFelgzzzQqg

LIGHT BLOOM by HYBYCOZO is a limited-time exhibit where nature and light converge. This mesmerizing display invites you to explore the Garden transformed by stunning geometric light installations that illuminate the beauty of the desert landscape in a new way. As the sun sets, LIGHT BLOOM comes to life, casting intricate shadows and vibrant hues across the Garden. Wander the trails and let the enchanting installations transport you to a magical realm where the natural world meets the abstract.

 

www.hybycozo.com/artists

HYBYCOZO is the collaborative studio of artists Serge Beaulieu and Yelena Filipchuk. Based in Los Angeles, their work consists of larger than life geometric sculptures, often with pattern and texture that draw on inspirations from mathematics, science, and natural phenomena. Typically illuminated, the work celebrates the inherent beauty of form and pattern and represents their ongoing journey in exploring the myriad dimensions of geometry. HYBYCOZO is short for the Hyperspace Bypass Construction Zone, a nod to their favorite novel (The Hitchhikers Guide to the Galaxy) and was the title of their first installation in 2014. They continue to create under this name. In the novel earth was being destroyed to make way for a bypass. It lead Serge and Yelena to ask what it means to make art at a time where the earth’s hospitable time in the universe may be limited.

 

dbg.org/meet-the-artists-behind-light-bloom/

Q: Walk us through your creative process?

A: The focus of our creative process is to explore the intricate interplay between geometry, light, space and to inspire contemplation, wonder and a sense of place among our audiences. Geometry and pattern-making serve as the backbone of our creative expression. It is the framework through which we navigate the complexities of form, proportion and spatial relationships. Patterns, both simple and complex, have a profound impact on our perception and understanding of the world. They possess the ability to evoke a sense of order, balance and aesthetic pleasure. Pattern making and geometry offer us a means of storytelling and communication. These patterns serve as conduits for deeper exploration, provoking introspection and contemplation to uncover the underlying symbols embedded within the human psyche.

Q: What inspired the concept of LIGHT BLOOM?

A: Just as many cactus and desert plants have evolved to produce night-blooming flowers, adapting to their environment and thriving in darkness, our sculptures come alive after sunset, blossoming with light and transforming the night into a glowing landscape of art and geometry.

 

Desert Botanical Garden has an incredible collection of plants and cacti arranged in a beautiful park setting.

dbg.org/

"Think the desert is all dirt and tumbleweeds? Think again. Desert Botanical Garden is home to thousands of species of cactus, trees and flowers from all around the world spread across 55 acres in Phoenix, Arizona."

 

Desert Botanical Garden

DBG HYBYCOZO Light Bloom

Shah-i-Zinda (Uzbek: Shohizinda; Persian: شاه زنده‎, meaning "The Living King") is a necropolis in the north-eastern part of Samarkand, Uzbekistan.

 

The Shah-i-Zinda Ensemble includes mausoleums and other ritual buildings of 9-14th and 19th centuries. The name Shah-i-Zinda (meaning "The living king") is connected with the legend that Kusam ibn Abbas, the cousin of the prophet Muhammad was buried there. As if he came to Samarkand with the Arab invasion in the 7th century to preach Islam. Popular legends speak that he was beheaded for his faith. But he took his head and went into the deep well (Garden of Paradise), where he's still living now.

 

The Shah-i-Zinda complex was formed over eight (from 11th till 19th) centuries and now includes more than twenty buildings.

 

The ensemble comprises three groups of structures: lower, middle and upper connected by four-arched domed passages locally called chartak. The earliest buildings date back to the 11-12th centuries. Mainly their bases and headstones have remained now. The most part dates back to the 14-15th centuries. Reconstructions of the 16-19th centuries were of no significance and did not change the general composition and appearance.

 

The initial main body - Kusam-ibn-Abbas complex - is situated in the northeastern part of the ensemble. It consists of several buildings. The most ancient of them, the Kusam-ibn-Abbas mausoleum and mosque (16th century), are among them.

 

The upper group of buildings consists of three mausoleums facing each other. The earliest one is Khodja-Akhmad Mausoleum (1340s), which completes the passage from the north. The Mausoleum of 1361, on the right, restricts the same passage from the east.

 

The middle group consists of the mausoleums of the last quarter of the 14th century - first half of the 15th century and is concerned with the names of Timur's relatives, military and clergy aristocracy. On the western side the Mausoleum of Shadi Mulk Aga, the niece of Timur, stands out. This portal-domed one-premise crypt was built in 1372. Opposite is the Mausoleum of Shirin Bika Aga, Timur's sister.

 

Next to Shirin-Bika-Aga Mausoleum is the so-called Octahedron, an unusual crypt of the first half of the 15th century.

 

Near the multi-step staircase the most well proportioned buildings of the lower group is situated. It is a double-cupola mausoleum of the beginning of the 15th century. This mausoleum is devoted to Kazi Zade Rumi, who was the scientist and astronomer. Therefore the double-cupola mausoleum which was built by Ulugbek above his tomb in 1434-1435th has the height comparable with cupolas of the royal family's mausoleums.

 

The main entrance gate to the ensemble (Darvazakhana or the first chartak) turned southward was built in 1434-1435 under Ulugbek.

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