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Ackermann steering geometry is a geometric arrangement of linkages in the steering of a car or other vehicle designed to solve the problem of wheels on the inside and outside of a turn needing to trace out circles of different radii. ... Darwin devised the steering system because he was injured when a carriage tipped over.
You know...I keep getting the impression that Daisy is still a bit shy about posing in her underthings. I never have to coax a smile out of her any other time. 😘
Not to worry though.....by the time I'm through with her, it will seem like the most natural thing in the world. 😜
the first principle is that you must not fool yourself - and you are the easiest person to fool.
richard feynman, caltech commencement address, 1974
i shot this a month ago -- it's got flaws, but i don't want it sitting in my hard drive.
on the blog: toomanytribbles.blogspot.com/2009/12/first-principle.html
The principle of the Gothic architecture is infinity made imaginable.
Samuel Taylor Coleridge
The Washburn Park Water Tower poses as a landmark of early 20th-Century architectural achievement within the Tangletown neighborhood in south Minneapolis, Minnesota, and has been doing so for nearly 75 years. Perched on top of one of the highest points in south Minneapolis, the tower is given the privilege to boast its unique location and role as an unofficial "beacon" for incoming planes landing at Minneapolis-Saint Paul International Airport, yet remains hidden from much of the residents and visitors that pass by the base of the hill each day. This is mainly because large homes and tall oak trees scatter the hillside where the tower resides, and even more so, because of the clustered mess of streets and dead ends that compromise the towers' occupancy. Hence the name, 'Tangletown'.
Aus den Ruinen des Alten, des Zerstörten, erwächst rasch und kraftvoll neues Leben, manchmal sogar schöner als zuvor. So war es schon immer. Und so wird es immer sein. Das beschreiben die großen Religions-Schriften aber auch die alten Philosophen, die sehr genaue Beobachter des Lebens und der Natur waren. Ob für Fukushima, oder für Mariupol, oder für morbide politische Koalitionen - das Prinzip gilt offensichtlich für Alles im Leben. Wie auch bei diesem Foto der Fetthenne in unserem Garten. Darauf können wir vertrauen !
From the ruins of the old, the destroyed, new life grows quickly and powerfully, sometimes even more beautiful than before. That is how it has always been. And that is how it will always be. This is what the great religious scriptures describe, but also the ancient philosophers, who were very precise observers of life and nature. Whether for Fukushima, or for Mariupol, or for morbid political coalitions - the principle obviously applies to everything in life. As with this photo of the harping Johnny in our garden. We can trust in that !
Stand on principle, even if it means standing alone.
''Dan seandainya mereka itu bersikap istiqomah di atas jalan kebenaran, maka pastilah kami siramkan kepada mereka air yang melimpah.'' (QS. Al-Jinn : 16)
The Vierendeel bridge (truss principle invented by Arthur Vierendeel) in Gellik (Belgium) is part of the railway Hasselt-Maastricht (line 20), out of use since 1992. The bridge, built in the 1930's, has an span of 112 meters across the Albert Canal. It is planned to restore the bridge and put it back into use as part of the 'Spartacus' public transport plan in the provence of Limburg.
De Vierendeelbrug (vakwerkprincipe van Arthur Vierendeel) te Gellik (België) is onderdeel van de spoorlijn Hasselt-Maastricht (lijn 20) die sinds 1992 buiten gebruik is. De brug, gebouwd in de 1930'er jaren, heeft een overspanning van 112 meter over het Albertkanaal. Restauratie en heropenstelling zijn voorzien in het 'Spartacus' plan voor openbaar vervoer in Limburg.
Principle of the mirror: The world you see, and interpret is not the world as it is, but as your mental structure allows it to be perceived. Your external reality almost always, a direct reflection of your internal setup. The world around you is a mirror reflecting the deep contents of your psychic world. The mirror that is shaping your reality is not in the world but in your mind.
Three Souls
The soul, according to Aristotle, is a grounding principle of sorts. It is the realization of life. The soul is the one thing that enables a body to engage in the necessary activities of life and they build upon one another. the more parts of the soul a being possesses, the more evolved and developed he is. the three types of soul are the nutritive soul, the sensible soul, and the rational soul.
This image is a re edit of a 2021 image I took
Two-faced figures refer to the principle of bipartition; four-faced figures evoke the concept of quadripartition and the principal directions on the compass.
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Panzaleo o Cosanga – Píllaro
(400 a.C. – 1532 d.C.)
Under this classificatory name archaeologists have grouped not exactly a culture, but a minor ceramic component of wide distribution, as a rule associated with materials of different ceramic traditions. Vessels of these characteristics appear throughout the Northern and Central Highlands of Ecuador, as well as in the Amazonian area of Quijos. Their distribution suggests a close relation between both areas, the manufacture site being the eastern slopes of the so-called Royal Cordillera.
As far as technology is concerned, the walls are thin and the surface finish has been very carefully done, not to mention the metallic sound. The vessels are of different shapes. The big spheric pots are the most interesting. Many of the latter were ornamented with human faces often represented as “chewing coca” (chagchando coca), and ocasionally covered with masks. Others show unique motives such as tzantzas or “shrunken heads”.
Apparently these potters were a group of specialists in the exchange of products and services, specially those staples from the Amazon valley (e.g. hallucinogenic plants) and shamanic knowledge.
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In pre-Columbian cultures, opposites were necessary to the creation and maintenance of life: this was represented in the pieces through division into two, three and four parts, rendered through shapes and colors.
Moreover, the fertility of women, men, animals and plants is vital to the continuity of life on earth, so it was represented recurrently in Ecuador’s ancient cultures. In some pieces one can see seeds and the different stages of women’s, families’ and animals’ life cycles, which relate to fertility rites in pre-Columbian societies
Mystic Reflections on Destiny - The Principle of Communicating Paths by Daniel Arrhakis (2022)
With the music : 4 Hours of Sacred Choir Music
Mystic Reflections on Destiny - The Principle of Communicating Paths
We often ask ourselves why do we choose a given path and not another? Or why are we often impelled to enter a path that we are not even aware of or that even seems more dangerous to us?
The paths we take are usually the ones we know or want to explore, but also often because we have no other choice, some will say.
The truth is that the vast majority of us always have the initial freedom to choose the path we want to follow, even if that choice is sometimes debatable to others or even to ourselves.
The entire human spirit is endowed with the quality of free will and this is one of the qualities that differentiate us from each other through the different choices we make throughout our lives.
But what if for whatever reason despite choosing the path that seems right to us, we end up making a bad choice in the end?
This can be due to an illusion or a mistake on the one hand, but it can also be the result of a change in our goals, as the time factor also plays a very important role in our choices.
Thus, it is not only free will and space (geographic) that influence our choices, but also the factor of Time.
As strange as it may seem to us, our destiny results from the multiple choices we make but also from the interactions we have with others throughout our lives when we cross paths with others and therefore in the space/time of others.
In most cases, there are communicating spaces or communicating paths where we coexist at a given moment with others, so the more we interact, the more there is the possibility of taking different paths from those we initially traced for ourselves.
Therefore, our destiny is somehow linked to the destiny of others with whom we interact. We are therefore not alone!!
The same can be inferred for our states of soul, in the spiritual evolution over time as a result of the various incarnations, we find certain paths more familiar than others.
Although we have no memory of past lives, there are certain spatio-temporal elements that seem familiar to us and to which we are drawn even if we have never had the experience of knowing them in our current life.
These are also "Communicating Paths", as they make the connection between a sublimated spiritual past and our present.
However, these are also the ones that can make us repeat the same mistakes of a past to which we are "spiritually attached" so in any case we must always be careful with our choices, so we don't get stuck in a fate that we didn't want after all!
Image and Text by Daniel Arrhakis (2022)
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A Wonderful Sunday and Week Dear Friends ! : )
Very late with all but trying catching up during the next days !
My best regards and thank you for your always kind visit, comments and invitations !
The Principle is Reality in contrast to all that appears as real but which is not reality in the ultimate sense. The Principle is the Absolute compared to which all is relative. It is Infinite while all else is finite. The Principle is One and Unique while manifestation is multiplicity. It is the Supreme Substance compared to which all else is accident. It is the Essence to which all things are juxtaposed as form. It is at once Beyond-Being and Being while the order of multiplicity is comprised of existents. It alone IS while all else becomes, for It alone is eternal in the ultimate sense, while all that is externalized partakes of change. It is the Origin but also the End, the alpha and the omega. It is Emptiness if the world is envisaged as fullness and Fullness if the relative is perceived in the light of its ontological poverty and essential nothingness.
These are all manners of speaking of the Ultimate Reality which can be known but not by man as such. It can only be known through the sun of the Divine Self residing at the center of the human soul.
But all these ways of describing or referring to the Principle possess meaning and are efficacious as points of reference and support for that knowledge of the Real that in its realized aspect always terminates in the Ineffable and in that silence which is the “reflection” or “shadow” of the non-manifested aspect of the Principle upon the plane of manifestation.
From that unitary point of view, the Principle or the Source is seen as not only the Inward but also the Outward, not only the One but also the essential reality of the many which are but the reflection of the One.
At the top of that mountain of unitive knowledge there resides but the One; discrimination between the Real and the unreal terminates in the awareness of the nondual nature of the Real, the awareness which is the heart of gnosis and which represents not human knowledge but God’s knowledge of Himself, the consciousness which is the goal of the path of knowledge and the essence of scientia sacra.
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Seyyed Hossein Nasr
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Illustration: Htilominlo Temple entrance - Bagan, Myanmar
Jimmy Cauty's Aftermath Dislocation Principle (ADP) model village.
The Aftermath Dislocation Principle (ADP) is a trilogy of artworks by Jimmy Cauty on a nationwide tour across the UK.
Each artwork is a 1:87 scale model housed in a shipping container.
The models are viewed through observation ports in the sides of the containers.
ADP 1 is a 40ft container that houses a vast post-apocalyptic landscape populated only by the police and media crews. The landscape is set somewhere in Bedfordshire and is known as 'Old Bedford'.
Praise yourself and others. Praise ignites the spirit, and the presence of the spiritual principle uplifts you, others, and everyone around you. When you praise yourself or someone else, a space filled with joy is created within you. If you can praise yourself, you don't need praise from others. We often think that praising ourselves is an expression of the ego, but in fact, the ego never praises itself. Rather, it hopes to receive praise from others. Understand that all praise, in one way or another, comes from the Divine. For example, if you say you have beautiful eyes, who created them? All praise comes from the Divine, from the Creator. The act of offering praise expands consciousness. Something within you opens. Condemnation, on the other hand, narrows consciousness. From the moment you understand that the growth of spiritual potential is an expansion of consciousness, of the mind, you will no longer want to return to condemnation. Sincerely offer praise to others and observe how you feel when you do so. ‼
Water, the principle of life. Summer holidays would never be the same without the sea, swimming pools and refreshing beverages. Let the water be your favorite shape and share the best of it with us. Either if you dig into your past memories in your galleries or if you get inspired and get some fresh shots out in nature. Enjoy the sunny weather and share your photo in #TwitterTuesday.
Once you selected your best shot, tweet it to @flickr and #TwitterTuesday and be showcased on the Flickr Blog later.
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CC-BY photo from Jessica Nichole.
«La máquina Magritte», Exposición temporal.
Museo Nacional Thyssen-Bornemisza, Madrid.
Del 14 septiembre de 2021 al 30 de enero de 2022
Verity, noun, a true principle or belief. Latin Veritas.
Verity, the large statue on the breakwater, stands at 20.25 metre (66.43 ft) tall, and weighs 25 tonnes. She is on long term loan to North Devon Council as a gift from London and Devon based artist Damien Hirst.
The sculpture is an allegory (a metaphor in which a character, place or event is used to deliver a broader message about real-world issues and occurrences) for truth and justice. Her stance is taken from Edgar Degas's Little Dancer of Fourteen Years (c. 1881). An anatomical cross-section of her head and torso reveal her skull and the developing foetus inside her womb.
Standing on a base of scattered legal books, Verity holds the traditional symbols of justice - a sword and scales. Representing truth, her scales are hidden and off-balance behind her back, whilst her sword is held confidently in her upstretched arm.
Verity was fabricated in bronze in over 40 individual sand castings at Pangolin Editions foundry, in Gloucestershire. Her phosphor-bronze surface is 20 millimetres thick and her internal support structure is a single piece of stainless steel. The sculpture is weather and lightning-proof and underwent extensive-tunnel-testing to ensure her capability of withstanding the force of high winds and sea spray. This picture was taken at the height of Storm Brian.
Verity is currently at Ilfracombe which is a seaside resort and civil parish on the North Devon coast, England, with this small harbour surrounded by cliffs.
The parish stretches along the coast from the 'Coastguard Cottages' in Hele Bay toward the east and 4 miles along the Torrs to Lee Bay toward the west. The resort is hilly and the highest point within the parish boundary is at 'Hore Down Gate', 2 miles inland and 860 feet (270 m) above sea level.
Storm Brian was named by Met Éireann and impacted the British Isles on 21 October 2017.
Shortly after ex-Hurricane Ophelia, an area of low pressure began to rapidly intensify across the Atlantic and yellow and orange wind warnings were issues leading to Met Éireann naming the storm.
Storm Brian brought strong gusts across the UK coinciding with highs tides. Impacts were most significant in Ireland and Wales with flash flooding in a number of Irish cities, while in Wales a number of seafront roads were closed and many ferries and trains cancelled.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verity_(statue)
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilfracombe
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2017%E2%80%9318_European_windstorm_...
Dhaka, Bangladesh, 2013
You and me, we all are alike.
No matter what we are doing for living
We are doing it for the same principle.
The principle of living is similar in everywhere.
A man laundry man is washing clothes near the river Buriganga.
The Principle is Reality in contrast to all that appears as real but which is not reality in the ultimate sense. The Principle is the Absolute compared to which all is relative. It is Infinite while all else is finite. The Principle is One and Unique while manifestation is multiplicity. It is the Supreme Substance compared to which all else is accident. It is the Essence to which all things are juxtaposed as form. It is at once Beyond-Being and Being while the order of multiplicity is comprised of existents. It alone IS while all else becomes, for It alone is eternal in the ultimate sense, while all that is externalized partakes of change. It is the Origin but also the End, the alpha and the omega. It is Emptiness if the world is envisaged as fullness and Fullness if the relative is perceived in the light of its ontological poverty and essential nothingness.
These are all manners of speaking of the Ultimate Reality which can be known but not by man as such. It can only be known through the sun of the Divine Self residing at the center of the human soul.
But all these ways of describing or referring to the Principle possess meaning and are efficacious as points of reference and support for that knowledge of the Real that in its realized aspect always terminates in the Ineffable and in that silence which is the “reflection” or “shadow” of the non-manifested aspect of the Principle upon the plane of manifestation.
From that unitary point of view, the Principle or the Source is seen as not only the Inward but also the Outward, not only the One but also the essential reality of the many which are but the reflection of the One.
At the top of that mountain of unitive knowledge there resides but the One; discrimination between the Real and the unreal terminates in the awareness of the nondual nature of the Real, the awareness which is the heart of gnosis and which represents not human knowledge but God’s knowledge of Himself, the consciousness which is the goal of the path of knowledge and the essence of scientia sacra.
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Seyyed Hossein Nasr
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Illustration: Ely Cathedral - Prior's door
One of those things people talk about with controversy. Nowadays everywhere is this stuff, almost every field grows yellow in this time of year. At least in Czech Republic. It seems a little bit odd to grow gasoline instead of food. It's easier money, I guess. But it reminds me the people of Easter Island who according to the legend devastated all the land to build these Moai statuetes. Yeah, they didn't ended well. I wonder if this little yellow plant will become our Moai principle as well...
Strictly speaking, only the hermit is absolutely legitimate, for man was created alone and dies alone; we mention the hermit because he represents a principle and is therefore a symbol, but without confusing an outward isolation with holy solitude, which for its part can and must find a place in all human situations. Social virtues are nothing without this solitude and by themselves engender nothing lasting, for before acting one must be; it is this quality of being that is so sorely lacking in people today. It is forgetfulness of our solitude in God—of this terrestrial communion with celestial dimensions—which brings in its wake all human failings as well as all earthly calamities.
We could also express ourselves in the following way: in a traditional climate men live as if they are suspended from an ideal and invisible prototype, with which they are seeking to be reunited as their particular situations permit and according to their sincerity and vocation. Now every man should be a contemplative and live among men like a hermit as far as vocation is concerned; “worldliness” is an anomaly, strictly speaking; it has become illusorily normal only on account of the fall—or the successive falls—of man or a particular group of men. We are made for the Absolute, which embraces all things and from which none can escape, and this is marvelously expressed by the monotheistic alternative between the two “eternities” beyond the grave; whatever the metaphysical limitation of this concept, it nonetheless provokes in the soul of the believer an adequate presentiment of what the human condition is beyond the terrestrial matrix and in the face of the Infinite. The alternative may be insufficient from the point of view of total Truth, but it is psychologically realistic and mystically efficacious; many lives are squandered and lost for the single reason that a belief in hell and Paradise is lacking.
The monk or hermit—and every contemplative, even a king—
lives as if in an antechamber of Heaven; on this very earth and within his mortal body he has attached himself to Heaven and enclosed himself in a prolongation of those crystallizations of Light which are the celestial states. This being so, one understands how monks or nuns can see in the monastic life their “Paradise on earth”; all things considered, they are at rest in the divine Will and wait for nothing in this world below except death, and in this way they have already passed through death; they live here below in keeping with Eternity. The days as they succeed one another do nothing but repeat the same day of God; time stops in a unique and blessed day and is thus joined once again to the Origin, which is also the Center. And it is this Elysian simultaneity that the ancient worlds have always had in view, at least in principle and in their nostalgia; a civilization is a “mystical body”: as far as possible it is a collective contemplative.
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Frithjof Schuon: Light on The Ancient Worlds
The operating principle at that time was to dispatch from the Embarcadero Station westbound trains made up of three coupled cars for two or three destinations. At the western tunnel portals the cars would separate and proceed on their individual lines. The reverse was supposed to happen with eastbound trains, with cars coming together at the tunnel portals, coupling up and proceeding into the tunnels. Unfortunately since this wasn't Switzerland the latter was a rather optimistic expectation and here at West Portal Station on the Twin Peaks Tunnel eastbound cars were turning up in all sorts of combinations requiring continuous activity by the operational staff to sort them out.
Grizzly Bears Wrestling Playing Fighting! Montana Winter Snow Sony A7R4 Fine Art Grizzly Bear Wildlife Photography! Sony FE 200–600 mm F5.6–6.3 G OSS Lens with Optical SteadyShot West Yellowstone Montana Elliot McGucken Fine Art Photography A7 R4!
All my photography celebrates the physics of light! The McGucken Principle of the fourth expanding dimension: The fourth dimension is expanding at the rate of c relative to the three spatial dimensions: dx4/dt=ic .
Lao Tzu--The Tao: Nature does not hurry, yet everything is accomplished.
Light Time Dimension Theory: The Foundational Physics Unifying Einstein's Relativity and Quantum Mechanics: A Simple, Illustrated Introduction to the Unifying Physical Reality of the Fourth Expanding Dimensionsion dx4/dt=ic !: geni.us/Fa1Q
"Between every two pine trees there is a door leading to a new way of life." --John Muir
Epic Stoicism guides my fine art odyssey and photography: geni.us/epicstoicism
“The clearest way into the Universe is through a forest wilderness.” --John Muir
Epic Poetry inspires all my photography: geni.us/9K0Ki Epic Poetry for Epic Landscape Photography: Exalt Fine Art Nature Photography with the Poetic Wisdom of John Muir, Emerson, Thoreau, Homer's Iliad, Milton's Paradise Lost & Dante's Inferno Odyssey
“The mountains are calling and I must go.” --John Muir
Epic Art & 45EPIC Gear exalting golden ratio designs for your Hero's Odyssey:
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Portrait, Swimsuit, Lingerie, Boudoir, Fine Art, & Fashion Photography Exalting the Venus Goddess Archetype: How to Shoot Epic ... Epic! Beautiful Surf Fine Art Portrait Swimsuit Bikini Models!
Some of my epic books, prints, & more!
Exalt your photography with Golden Ratio Compositions!
Golden Ratio Compositions & Secret Sacred Geometry for Photography, Fine Art, & Landscape Photographers: How to Exalt Art with Leonardo da Vinci's, Michelangelo's!
Epic Landscape Photography:
A Simple Guide to the Principles of Fine Art Nature Photography: Master Composition, Lenses, Camera Settings, Aperture, ISO, ... Hero's Odyssey Mythology Photography)
All art is but imitation of nature.-- Seneca (Letters from a Stoic - Letter LXV: On the First Cause)
The universe itself is God and the universal outpouring of its soul. --Chrysippus (Quoted by Cicero in De Natura Deorum)
Photographs available as epic fine art luxury prints. For prints and licensing information, please send me a flickr mail or contact drelliot@gmail.com with your queries! All the best on your Epic Hero's Odyssey!
The Elevador da Bica at night, waiting for its next ride downhill, seen from the Largo Calhariz, Lisbon, Portugal
Some background information:
The Elevador da Bica (in Portuguese also named: "Ascensor da Bica"), sometimes known as the Bica Funicular, is a funicular railway line resp cable car in the civil parish of Misericórdia, in the city of Lisbon. the capital of Portugal. It runs through the Rua da Bica de Duarte Belcio and connects the Rua de São Paulo with the Largo Calhariz. The line conforms to the funicular principle, with two cars permanently attached to opposite ends of a haulage cable, which is looped over a pulley at the upper end of the track. Unusually, traction is provided by electric motors on the two cars, which are themselves powered through an overhead wire, similar to the tram network in Lisbon. The cable links the two cars together so that they ascend and descend simultaneously, each car acting as a counterweight for the other one.
The Bica Funicular is already in operation since 1892. After a contract had been signed in 1888 to install such a system, the project was conceived by the Portuguese engineer Raoul Mesnier du Ponsard. The mechanical motor of the elevator was installed in 1890, after the conclusion of the public work, but another two years of tests were necessary.
In 1912, a new contract was signed to expand the electrification of all tram lines in Lisbon. Between 1914 and 1916, the project to automate the transport system using electrical systems was completed. Unfortunately, during the conclusions of the process there was an accident with one of the cars, which became uncontrollable and crashed into the Rua de São Paulo lower station, resulting in its complete destruction. As a result, the funicular transport became inoperable for the next few years.
In 1923, the municipal council demanded the company, which operated the lines, to restart the Elevador de Bica and install new cars, provided by the firm of Theodore Bell. Since 2011, the Bica Funicular is protected and listed as a national monument of Portugal.
Lisbon is one of the oldest cities in the world and the second-oldest European capital city (after Athens). Although the first fortifications on Lisbon's castle hill are known to be no older than the 2nd century BC, recent archaeological finds have shown that Iron Age people already occupied the site from the 8th to 6th centuries BC. The Phoenicians and later the Carthaginians, are said to have called the place Alis Ubbo and used it as the only major natural harbor on the Iberian Atlantic coast. There are also evidences that Lisbon once was a Greek city, but its Greek name is unknown.
Under Roman rule, starting around 205 BC, the city was initially called Olisipo. In 48 BC, the town was granted Roman municipal rights and subsequently became known as Colonia Felicitas Iulia, growing into a larger town in the province of Lusitania. From 409 AD, barbarian tribes advanced onto the Iberian Peninsula from Gaul. During the late antique migration period, Alans, Suebi, Vandals, and Visigoths tried to occupy Lisbon.
In 719, Lisbon was conquered by Muslim Moors and later became part of the Emirate of Córdoba. The city, now known as al-Ushbuna, experienced its first major boom. During the Caliphate of Córdoba, the city was one of the most important ports, while Christian Galicians and Leonese repeatedly attempted to seize it. In 844, Vikings ravaged Lisbon and its surroundings.
In the 11th century, Lisbon was part of the Moorish Emirate of the Aftasids from Badajoz. Starting in 1093, Count Raymond of Armous, a younger son of Duke William I of Burgundy, was given rule over Galicia by King Alfonso VI of León. From there, he launched campaigns against the Moors in the south, temporarily managing to occupy Lisbon.
At the beginning of the 11th century, the south of the Iberian Peninsula was still under Moorish control. But in 1147, in the course of the so-called Reconquista, the Siege of Lisbon led to the city's final capture by the Portuguese under Alfonso I. In 1255, Lisbon became the capital city of the new Portuguese territory and in 1290, the first Portuguese university was founded in the town. During the last centuries of the Middle Ages, Lisbon expanded substantially and became an important trading post with both Northern European and Mediterranean cities.
When the Spaniards had expelled the Jews from Spanish territory, many of them fled to Lisbon. But even in Portugal they either had to convert to Christianity or leave. In 1506, an anti-semitic movement among the Old Christians of Lisbon culminated in a massacre lasting four days in which some 1,000 to 4,000 New Christian residents, converted descendants of Sephardic Jews, are estimated to have been killed.
Most of the Portuguese expeditions of the Age of Discovery set out from Lisbon during the period from the end of the 15th century to the beginning of the 17th century, including Vasco da Gama's expedition to India in 1498. In the 16th century, Lisbon’s golden era began: The city was the European hub of commerce between Africa, India, the Far East and later, Brazil, and acquired great riches by exploiting the trade of spices, slaves, sugar, textiles and other goods. This period also saw the rise of the exuberant Manueline style in architecture, which left its mark in many 16th-century monuments, including the Belém Tower and the Jerónimos Monastery.
The succession crisis of 1580 initiated a sixty-year period of dual monarchy in Portugal and Spain under the Spanish Habsburgs. In 1589, Lisbon was the target of an incursion by the English Armada led by Francis Drake. The Portuguese Restoration War, which began with a coup d'état organised by the nobility and bourgeoisie in Lisbon in 1640 amd ended with the Treaty of Lisbon in 1668, restored Portuguese independence.
In the early 18th century, gold from Brazil allowed King John V to sponsor the building of several Baroque churches and theatres in the city. Prior to the 18th century, Lisbon had experienced several significant earthquakes: eight in the 14th century, five in the 16th century, and three in the 17th century. But the earthquake of 1755 was the most davastating one. It destroyed 85 percent of the city's structures, including the Ribeira Palace and the hospital Real de Todos os Santos. An an estimated 30,000 to 40,000 Lisbon residents of a total population estimated of 200,000 to 275,000 wer killed. And in the coastal areas north of Lisbon even more people were killed by the following tsunami.
This catastrophic event shocked the whole of Europe and left a deep impression on its collective psyche. However, the city was rebuilt quickly and largely according to the plans of prime minister Sebastião José de Carvalho e Melo, the 1st Marquis of Pombal. He decided to demolish what remained after the earthquake and rebuild the city centre in accordance with principles of modern urban design. It was reconstructed in an open rectangular plan with two great squares: the Praça do Rossio and the Praça do Comércio.
In the first years of the 19th century, Portugal was invaded by the troops of Napoléon Bonaparte, forcing Queen Maria I and Prince-Regent John to flee temporarily to Brazil. By the time the new King John VI returned to Lisbon, many of the buildings and properties were pillaged, sacked or destroyed by the invaders. The development of industry and commerce determined the growth of the city and Lisbon grew farther from the Tejo river.
In 1911, Lisbon refounded its university after centuries of inactivity. In the 20th century, the city was also the site of three revolutions. The first ond of 1910 brought an end to the Portuguese monarchy and established the highly unstable and corrupt Portuguese First Republic. The second one of 1926 ended the first republic and firmly established the Portuguese Second Republic. And the third revolution of 1974, the so-called Carnation Revolution, put an end to the right-wing regime and reformed the country to what it is still today, the Portuguese Third Republic.
Modern Lisbon is the political centre of the country and hosts the government, the National Assembly, the Supreme Court of Justice and the Armed Forces. It is also the residence of the head of state and the centre of Portuguese diplomacy, with ambassadors from 86 countries residing in the city, as well as representations from Taiwan and Palestine. About 2.96 million people, who live in the Lisbon metropolitan area (representing almost 28 % of the Portugal's population), make Lisbon the third largest metropolitan area in the Iberian Peninsula after Madrid and Barcelona.
„At the heart of the traditional sciences of the cosmos, as well as traditional anthropology, psychology, and aesthetics stands the scientia sacra which contains the principles of these sciences while being primarily concerned with the knowledge of the Principle which is both sacred knowledge and knowledge of the sacred par excellence, since the Sacred as such is none other than the Principle.
The Principle is Reality in contrast to all that appears as real but which is not reality in the ultimate sense. The Principle is the Absolute compared to which all is relative. It is Infinite while all else is finite. The Principle is One and Unique while manifestation is multiplicity. It is the Supreme Substance compared to which all else is accident. It is the Essence to which all things are juxtaposed as form. It is at once Beyond Being and Being while the order of multiplicity is comprised of existents. It alone is while all else becomes, for It alone is eternal in the ultimate sense while all that is externalized partakes of change. It is the Origin but also the End, the alpha and the omega. It is Emptiness if the world is envisaged as fullness and Fullness if the relative is perceived in the light of its ontological poverty and essential nothingness.
These are all manners of speaking of the Ultimate Reality which can be known but not by man as such. It can only be known through the sun of the Divine Self residing at the center of the human soul. But all these ways of describing or referring to the Principle possess meaning and are efficacious as points of reference and support for that knowledge of the Real that in its realized aspect always terminates in the Ineffable and in that silence which is the “reflection” or “shadow” of the nonmanifested aspect of the Principle upon the plane of manifestation. From that unitary point of view, the Principle or the Source is seen as not only the Inward but also the Outward, not only the One but also the essential reality of the many which is but the reflection of the One. At the top of that mountain of unitive knowledge there resides but the One; discrimination between the Real and the unreal terminates in the awareness of the nondual nature of the Real, the awareness which is the heart of gnosis and which represents not human knowledge but God’s knowledge of Himself, the consciousness which is the goal of the path of knowledge and the essence of scientia sacra.”
Badwater Basin Death Valley National Park California Desert Fuji GFX100 Fine Art Landscape Nature Photography! DVNP Dr. Elliot McGucken dx4/dt=ic California Fine Art Medium Format Photographer! Fuji GFX 100 & FUJIFILM FUJINON Lens!
All my photography celebrates the physics of light! The McGucken Principle of the fourth expanding dimension: The fourth dimension is expanding at the rate of c relative to the three spatial dimensions: dx4/dt=ic .
Lao Tzu--The Tao: Nature does not hurry, yet everything is accomplished.
Light Time Dimension Theory: The Foundational Physics Unifying Einstein's Relativity and Quantum Mechanics: A Simple, Illustrated Introduction to the Unifying Physical Reality of the Fourth Expanding Dimensionsion dx4/dt=ic !: geni.us/Fa1Q
"Between every two pine trees there is a door leading to a new way of life." --John Muir
Epic Stoicism guides my fine art odyssey and photography: geni.us/epicstoicism
“The clearest way into the Universe is through a forest wilderness.” --John Muir
Epic Poetry inspires all my photography: geni.us/9K0Ki Epic Poetry for Epic Landscape Photography: Exalt Fine Art Nature Photography with the Poetic Wisdom of John Muir, Emerson, Thoreau, Homer's Iliad, Milton's Paradise Lost & Dante's Inferno Odyssey
“The mountains are calling and I must go.” --John Muir
Epic Art & 45EPIC Gear exalting golden ratio designs for your Hero's Odyssey:
Support epic fine art! 45surf ! Bitcoin: 1FMBZJeeHVMu35uegrYUfEkHfPj5pe9WNz
Exalt the goddess archetype in the fine art of photography! My Epic Book: Photographing Women Models!
Portrait, Swimsuit, Lingerie, Boudoir, Fine Art, & Fashion Photography Exalting the Venus Goddess Archetype: How to Shoot Epic ... Epic! Beautiful Surf Fine Art Portrait Swimsuit Bikini Models!
Some of my epic books, prints, & more!
Exalt your photography with Golden Ratio Compositions!
Golden Ratio Compositions & Secret Sacred Geometry for Photography, Fine Art, & Landscape Photographers: How to Exalt Art with Leonardo da Vinci's, Michelangelo's!
Epic Landscape Photography:
A Simple Guide to the Principles of Fine Art Nature Photography: Master Composition, Lenses, Camera Settings, Aperture, ISO, ... Hero's Odyssey Mythology Photography)
All art is but imitation of nature.-- Seneca (Letters from a Stoic - Letter LXV: On the First Cause)
The universe itself is God and the universal outpouring of its soul. --Chrysippus (Quoted by Cicero in De Natura Deorum)
Season of mists and mellow fruitfulness
Close bosom-friend of the maturing sun
Conspiring with him how to load and bless
With fruit the vines that round the thatch-eves run;
To bend with apples the moss'd cottage-trees,
And fill all fruit with ripeness to the core;
To swell the gourd, and plump the hazel shells
With a sweet kernel; to set budding more,
And still more, later flowers for the bees,
Until they think warm days will never cease,
For Summer has o'er-brimm'd their clammy cells. --To Autumn. by John Keats
One of the keys to shooting Epic Landscape Photgraphy is exalting the photograph's soul via golden ratio compositions, thusly wedding the art to the divine proportion by which life itself was designed and exalted.
Dr. Elliot McGucken's Golden Number Ratio Fine Art Landscape & Nature Photography Composition Studies!
instagram.com/goldennumberratio
www.facebook.com/goldennumberratio/
Greetings flickr friends! I am working on several books on "epic photography," and I recently finished a related one titled: The Golden Number Ratio Principle: Why the Fibonacci Numbers Exalt Beauty and How to Create PHI Compositions in Art, Design, & Photography: An Artistic and Scientific Introduction to the Golden Mean . Message me on facebook for a free review copy!
www.facebook.com/goldennumberratio/
The Golden Ratio also informs the design of the golden revolver on all the swimsuits and lingerie, as well as the 45surf logo!
The Golden Number Ratio Principle: Dr. E’s Golden Ratio Principle: The golden ratio exalts beauty because the number is a characteristic of the mathematically and physically most efficient manners of growth and distribution, on both evolutionary and purely physical levels. The golden ratio ensures that the proportions and structure of that which came before provide the proportions and structure of that which comes after. Robust, ordered growth is naturally associated with health and beauty, and thus we evolved to perceive the golden ratio harmonies as inherently beautiful, as we saw and felt their presence in all vital growth and life—in the salient features and proportions of humans and nature alike, from the distribution of our facial features and bones to the arrangements of petals, leaves, and sunflowers seeds. As ratios between Fibonacci Numbers offer the closest whole-number approximations to the golden ratio, and as seeds, cells, leaves, bones, and other physical entities appear in whole numbers, the Fibonacci Numbers oft appear in nature’s elements as “growth’s numbers.” From the dawn of time, humanity sought to salute their gods in art and temples exalting the same proportion by which all their vital sustenance and they themselves had been created—the golden ratio.
Ansel Adams is not only my favorite photographer, but he is one of the greatest photographers and artists of all time. And just like great artists including Michelangelo, Monet, Degas, Renoir, Leonardo da Vinci, Vermeer, Rembrandt, Botticelli, and Picasso, Ansel used the golden ratio and divine proportions in his epic art.
Not so long ago I discovered golden regions in many of his famous public domain his 8x10 aspect ratio photographs. I call these golden harmony regions "regions of golden action" or "ROGA"S, as seen here:
www.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.1812448512351066.107374...
And too, I created some videos highlighting Ansel's use of the golden harmonies. Enjoy!
www.youtube.com/watch?v=AGnxOAhK3os
www.youtube.com/watch?v=WFlzAaBgsDI
www.youtube.com/watch?v=D3eJ86Ej1TY
More golden ratio and epic photography composition books soon! Best wishes for the Holiday Season! Dr. Elliot McGucken :)
Principle #2. Kujichagulia (koo-jee-cha-goo-LEE-ah) Self Determination.
Nykhor - Headwrap from Artizana in Second Life
“If our ethical code makes a purely arbitrary distinction between humans and all other species, then we have a code based on naked selfishness devoid of any higher principle.”
― Jared Diamond, The Third Chimpanzee: The Evolution and Future of the Human Animal
Jimmy Cauty's Aftermath Dislocation Principle (ADP) model village.
The Aftermath Dislocation Principle (ADP) is a trilogy of artworks by Jimmy Cauty on a nationwide tour across the UK.
Each artwork is a 1:87 scale model housed in a shipping container.
The models are viewed through observation ports in the sides of the containers.
ADP 1 is a 40ft container that houses a vast post-apocalyptic landscape populated only by the police and media crews. The landscape is set somewhere in Bedfordshire and is known as 'Old Bedford'.