View allAll Photos Tagged Pithoi
Many old giant pithoi - storage jars are found here.
Sure for oil, olives and grain. They were moved by ropes.
- - -
Viele alte Vorratsbehälter wurden hier gefunden.
Sicher für Öl, Oliven und Getreide. Bewegt wurden sie mit Seilen.
Other cities were founded in the immediate vicinity, such as the Roman colony, and a Hellenistic Greek precedent. The population shifted to the new town of Chandax (modern Heraklion) during the 9th century AD. By the 13th century, it was called Makruteikhos "Long Wall", the bishops of Gortyn continued to call themselves Bishops of Knossos until the 19th century. Today, the name is used only for the archaeological site now situated in the expanding suburbs of Heraklion.
Otras ciudades fueron fundadas en las inmediaciones, como la colonia romana, y un precedente griego helenístico. La población se trasladó a la nueva ciudad de Chandax (la actual Heraklion) durante el siglo IX d.C. En el siglo XIII, se llamaba Makruteikhos "Muro Largo", los obispos de Gortyn continuaron llamándose Obispos de Knossos hasta el siglo XIX. Hoy, el nombre se usa solo para el sitio arqueológico que ahora se encuentra en los suburbios en expansión de Heraklion.
Knossos Palace. Heraklion (Crete/ Greece)
El Palacio de Knossos está conectado con leyendas emocionantes, como el mito del Laberinto, el Minotauro y la historia de Daidalos e Ikaros.
The Palace of Knossos is connected with thrilling legends, such as the myth of the Labyrinth, with the Minotaur, and the story of Daidalos and Ikaros.
Knossos (Heraklion/ Crete/ Greece)
photo rights reserved by Ben
The Archaeological Park of Stobi is one of the most important archaeological sites in North Macedonia. Located at the crossroads of major Roman trade routes, Stobi flourished between the 1st century BC and the 6th century AD. Today, its extensive ruins offer a fascinating insight into the city's Roman and early Christian past, with the remains of basilicas, houses, workshops, public buildings, and ancient streets spread across the site. This photograph shows one of the excavated residential and storage areas of the ancient city. Large ceramic storage jars (pithoi), once used to store grain, olive oil, wine, and other valuable supplies, remain partly buried in the ground. Broken pottery, collapsed walls, and centuries-old stonework create the impression that this part of Stobi has only recently been uncovered by archaeologists. Although conservation and restoration work is ongoing throughout the archaeological park, preserving such a vast site is a slow and costly process that takes many years. As a result, large sections have deliberately been left in their excavated state, giving visitors a rare opportunity to experience the ruins much as they appeared when they first emerged from centuries beneath the earth. During our visit, the archaeological park was almost completely deserted, making it easy to imagine the bustling Roman city that once stood here nearly fifteen centuries ago.
Large storage jars (pithoi) and the remains of a domestic building reveal everyday life in the ancient Roman city of Stobi.
Het Archeologisch Park Stobi behoort tot de belangrijkste archeologische vindplaatsen van Noord-Macedonië. Gelegen op het kruispunt van belangrijke Romeinse handelsroutes groeide Stobi uit tot een welvarende stad, die haar bloeitijd beleefde tussen de 1e eeuw v.Chr. en de 6e eeuw n.Chr.. Tegenwoordig geven de uitgestrekte ruïnes, met basilieken, woonhuizen, werkplaatsen, openbare gebouwen en oude straten, een indrukwekkend beeld van de Romeinse en vroegchristelijke geschiedenis van de stad. Op deze foto is een opgegraven woon- en opslagruimte te zien. De grote aardewerken voorraadkruiken (pithoi), waarin vroeger graan, olijfolie, wijn en andere kostbare levensmiddelen werden bewaard, zijn nog altijd deels ingegraven. De verspreid liggende scherven, ingestorte muren en eeuwenoude natuurstenen wekken de indruk dat dit deel van Stobi pas kort geleden door archeologen is blootgelegd. Hoewel er in het archeologische park nog steeds restauratie- en conserveringswerkzaamheden plaatsvinden, is het behoud van zo'n uitgestrekte vindplaats een kostbaar en tijdrovend proces. Daardoor zijn grote delen bewust in hun opgegraven staat gelaten, waardoor bezoekers een authentieke indruk krijgen van hoe de stad eruitzag toen zij na eeuwen weer tevoorschijn kwam. Tijdens ons bezoek was het archeologische park vrijwel verlaten. Juist die stilte maakte het eenvoudig om je voor te stellen hoe levendig deze Romeinse stad ooit moet zijn geweest.
Unlike the stone columns that are characteristic of other Greek architecture, the Minoan column was constructed from the trunk of a cypress tree, common to the Mediterranean. While most Greek columns are smaller at the top and wider at the bottom to create the illusion of greater height, the Minoan columns are smaller at the bottom and wider at the top, a result of inverting the cypress trunk to prevent sprouting once in place. The columns at the Palace of Minos were painted red and mounted on stone bases with round, pillow-like capitals.
Heraklion (Crete/ Greece)
Un pithos (pluriel pithoi) est un type de grande céramique grecque antique, une profonde jarre ayant une base plus ou moins étroite. Le pithos est utilisé pour stocker des denrées issues de l'agriculture en Grèce antique comme des céréales et des liquides.
Au bout de quarante ans de fouilles continues, on n'a dégagé qu'à peine deux hectares de la ville, qui occupait une surface bien plus grande. Il s'agit largement d'un instantané de la localité au moment de sa destruction, au milieu du IIe millénaire av. J.-C., la datation précise étant encore en discussion. Les couches stratigraphiques plus anciennes n'ont été explorées que ponctuellement, dans des tranchées faites pour extraire les poteaux de soutènement des toits. On y a trouvé des tessons de poterie et d'autres artéfacts depuis le Néolithique en passant par les diverses périodes de la civilisation des Cyclades.
Un itinéraire de promenade dans les parties sécurisées de la ville a longtemps permis une visite pendant que les travaux de fouilles se poursuivaient sur les autres secteurs voisins. Très tôt après la découverte, le terrain a été recouvert d'un toit en tôle ondulée sur des poteaux en acier, afin de protéger des intempéries et du soleil les bâtiments et autres éléments mis au jour. Dans les années 2002 à 2005, ce toit, souvent agrandi, a été remplacé par une nouvelle structure, à la demande de l'Union européenne. En 2005, il y eut un accident : une partie de ce nouveau toit s'est effondrée juste avant l'inauguration. Un touriste a été tué et six personnes blessées. Comme il restait des doutes sur la solidité du toit, les fouilles ont été arrêtées, et les visites interdites au public. Pendant l'interruption des fouilles, les archéologues se sont concentrés sur l'analyse des objets déjà extraits, en particulier ceux des couches les plus profondes. Grâce à ce travail, ils ont fait de nouvelles découvertes sur la préhistoire de la ville. Depuis 2009, un nouveau toit a été construit, l'aire des fouilles a rouvert en 2011 pour les archéologues et en 2012 pour le public.
D'après diapositive.
Knossos war ein antiker Ort auf Kreta, etwa fünf Kilometer südlich von Iraklio. Bekannt ist es vor allem durch den Palast von Knossos, der neben den Palästen von Malia, Phaistos und Kato Zakros der größte minoische Palast auf Kreta ist und von Griechenland mit dem Europäischen Kulturerbe-Siegel ausgezeichnet wurde. Knossos blieb auch nach Zerstörung des Palastes bis in die byzantinische Zeit besiedelt.
Der jüngste Palast von Knossos entstand als Gebäudeensemble von bis zu fünf Stockwerken mit einer umbauten Fläche von 21.000 m² auf einer lichten Fläche von 2,2 ha. 800 Räume sind nachweisbar, doch dürfte der Palast insgesamt bis zu 1300 besessen haben. Der Palast war zu keinem Zeitpunkt befestigt. Er ist, wie alle Palastanlagen der Minoer, um einen rechteckigen Zentralhof von 53 × 28 m errichtet. Aus vier Richtungen kommen verwinkelte, vergleichsweise schmale Gänge, reich dekorierte Korridore, bemalte Säle, aufwendig gestaltete Treppenhäuser und säulenumstandene Galerien auf diesen Hof zu. Die Anlage war Verwaltungszentrum und enthielt zahlreiche Werkstätten.
Diese Räume und Korridore sind in einer verwirrenden Anordnung aneinandergefügt. Es gibt Türen und Durchgänge, Treppen und Rampen. Einige Räume sind durch Polythyra verbunden, Innenwände, die als Reihen deckenhoher, doppelflügeliger Türen zwischen Pfeilern ausgeführt waren. Waren sie geschlossen, waren die Räume abgetrennt, wurde eine Tür geöffnet, ergab sich ein Durchgang, wurden alle Türen geöffnet, waren die Räume verbunden. Es gab auch Werkstätten und Magazine, bis zu 400 teilweise mannshohe Pithoi voll Wein, Olivenöl, Getreide oder Honig mit einem Fassungsvermögen von etwa 78.000 Litern.
Das Herzstück des Palastes ist der sogenannte Thronsaal, der aufgrund eines dort gefundenen Alabasterthrons so genannt wurde. An den Seitenwänden des Vorraums sind steinerne Bänke aufgestellt. Eine kostbare Porphyrschale steht im Zentrum des Vorraums. Sie diente wahrscheinlich rituellen Waschungen. Andere Interpretationen deuten dies als Aquarium.
Am nordwestlichen Rand der Palastanlage befindet sich eine im rechten Winkel aufeinanderstoßende Treppenanlage, wie sie auch in Phaistos zu finden ist. Sie schließt einen von Westen herankommenden Prozessionsweg ab und wird als Theater für etwa 500 Menschen gedeutet.
Knossos was an ancient place on Crete, about five kilometres south of Iraklio. It is best known for the palace of Knossos, which is the largest Minoan palace in Crete, along with the palaces of Malia, Phaistos and Kato Zakros, and has been awarded the European Heritage Seal by Greece. Knossos remained inhabited until the Byzantine period, even after the palace was destroyed.
The youngest palace of Knossos was built as a building ensemble of up to five floors with a converted area of 21,000 m² on a clear area of 2.2 hectares. 800 rooms can be proven, but the palace probably had a total of up to 1300 rooms. At no time was the palace fortified. Like all palace complexes of the Minoans, it is built around a rectangular central courtyard measuring 53 × 28 m. This courtyard is accessed from four directions by winding, comparatively narrow corridors, richly decorated corridors, painted halls, elaborately designed staircases and galleries surrounded by columns. The complex was an administrative centre and contained numerous workshops.
These rooms and corridors are joined together in a confusing arrangement. There are doors and passageways, stairways and ramps. Some rooms are connected by polythyra, interior walls that were constructed as rows of floor-to-ceiling double doors between pillars. If they were closed, the rooms were separated, a door was opened, if there was a passage, if all doors were opened, the rooms were connected. There were also workshops and warehouses, up to 400 pithoi, some as tall as a man, full of wine, olive oil, grain or honey, with a capacity of about 78,000 litres.
The heart of the palace is the so-called throne room, which was so called because of an alabaster throne found there. On the side walls of the vestibule there are stone benches. A precious porphyry bowl stands in the centre of the vestibule. It was probably used for ritual ablutions. Other interpretations interpret it as an aquarium.
At the north-western edge of the palace complex there is a staircase which meets at a right angle, as it is also found in Phaistos. It completes a processional route approaching from the west and is interpreted as a theatre for about 500 people.
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The Minoan Palace of Knossos lays about 5 km south of Heraklion Town. Discovered in the early 20th century by the British archaeologist Sir Arthur Evans, the site was found almost intact and covered by ashes. This led scientists believe that the palace was destroyed by a tsunami wave caused by the volcanic eruption of Santorini in 1,550 BC.
Heraklion (Crete/ Greece)
As many of you might know, I am born on the Greek, very green , island of Corfu, opposite of Naples-Italy.
But the other Greek island “of my heart” is Santorini in the Aegean Sea.
Santorini for me has a very original, “mystical” energy… I felt it especially strongly some 30 years ago, when I had arrived there with my husband by plane in 05:00 in the morning, in the Springtime, during a rosy , adorable dawn… Listening to my steps, in total dawn silence…Lovely , happy cats were following me up close …I was feeling like in a very spiritual cathedral/temple of the physical world…
I was found there again for a few hours, alone with my camera, this last October. It was not sunny!! Very moody actually, and it was about to rain cats and dogs a few hours later…Lots of tourists around as always.. But, in my photos no blue sea, no clear blue sky…Sorry…
***On Santorini , you know, there is a small “Pompeii” , the Italian ancient city near the volcano of Vesuvius!! The Santorinian Pompeii is called “archaeological site of Akrotiri”, a Minoan site, thriving during the Bronze Age, between 2000and 1630 BC!!!!! The Santorini island is a product of a really huge eruption: Wikipedia : “The devastating volcanic eruption of Thera has become the most famous single event in the Aegean before the fall of Troy. It may have been one of the largest volcanic eruptions on Earth in the last few thousand years, with an estimated VEI (volcanic explosivity index) of 6 according to the last studies published in 2006, confirming the prior values. The violent eruption was centred on a small island just north of the existing island of Nea Kameni in the centre of the caldera; the caldera itself was formed several hundred thousand years ago by the collapse of the centre of a circular island, caused by the emptying of the magma chamber during an eruption.”
(About the archaeological site of Akrotiri: )
“…….Many of the houses in Akrotiri are major structures, some of them three stories high. Its streets, squares, and walls were preserved in the layers of ejecta, sometimes as tall as eight metres, indicating this was a major town. In many houses stone staircases are still intact, and they contain huge ceramic storage jars (pithoi), mills, and pottery. Noted archaeological remains found in Akrotiri are wall paintings or frescoes, which have kept their original colour well, as they were preserved under many metres of volcanic ash. The town also had a highly developed drainage system and, judging from the fine artwork, its citizens were clearly sophisticated and relatively wealthy people.
Pipes with running water and water closets found at Akrotiri are the oldest such utilities discovered.[citation needed] The pipes run in twin systems, indicating that Therans used both hot and cold water supplies; the origin of the hot water probably was geothermic, given the volcano's proximity. The dual pipe system, the advanced architecture, and the apparent layout of the Akrotiri find resemble Plato's description of the legendary lost city of Atlantis, further indicating the Minoans as the culture which primarily inspired the Atlantis legend.[6]
Fragmentary wall-paintings at Akrotiri lack the insistent religious or mythological content familiar in Classical Greek décor. Instead, the Minoan frescoes depict "Saffron-Gatherers", who offer their crocus-stamens to a seated lady, perhaps a goddess. Crocus has been discovered to have many medicinal values including the relief of menstrual pain. This has led many[who?] archaeologists to believe that the fresco of the saffron/crocus gatherers is a coming of age fresco dealing with female pubescence. In another house are two antelopes, painted with a kind of confident, flowing, decorative, calligraphic line, the famous fresco of a fisherman with his double strings of fish strung by their gills, and the flotilla of pleasure boats, accompanied by leaping dolphins, where ladies take their ease in the shade of light canopies, among other frescoes.
The well preserved ruins of the ancient town are often compared to the spectacular ruins at Pompeii in Italy. The canopy covering the ruins collapsed in an accident in September 2005, killing one tourist and injuring seven more. The site was closed for almost seven years while a new canopy was built. The site was re-opened in April 2012.
The oldest signs of human settlement are Late Neolithic (4th millennium BC or earlier), but c. 2000–1650 BC Akrotiri developed into one of the Aegean's major Bronze Age ports, with recovered objects that came not just from Crete, but also from Anatolia, Cyprus, Syria, and Egypt, as well as from the Dodecanese and the Greek mainland.”
photo rights reserved by Ben
The Archaeological Park of Stobi is one of the most important archaeological sites in North Macedonia. Located at the crossroads of major Roman trade routes, Stobi flourished between the 1st century BC and the 6th century AD. This close-up photograph focuses on the broken rim of a large ceramic storage jar, known as a pithos. Such vessels were partly buried in the ground and used to store grain, olive oil, wine, and other valuable food supplies for the city's inhabitants. Through the weathered opening, the ancient stonework of Stobi becomes visible, offering a symbolic glimpse into the everyday life of this once-thriving Roman city. The worn clay surface, centuries of exposure, and the surrounding ruins create the impression that this forgotten corner of Stobi has only recently emerged from beneath the earth. Although conservation work continues throughout the archaeological park, much of the site has intentionally been left in its excavated state, allowing visitors to experience the remarkable authenticity of one of the Balkans' finest Roman archaeological sites.
Looking through the broken rim of a Roman pithos into nearly two thousand years of history at Stobi.
Het Archeologisch Park Stobi behoort tot de belangrijkste archeologische vindplaatsen van Noord-Macedonië. Gelegen op het kruispunt van belangrijke Romeinse handelsroutes beleefde Stobi haar bloeitijd tussen de 1e eeuw v.Chr. en de 6e eeuw n.Chr.. Deze detailfoto toont de verweerde rand van een grote aardewerken voorraadkruik, een pithos. Dergelijke enorme kruiken werden deels ingegraven en dienden voor de opslag van graan, olijfolie, wijn en andere kostbare levensmiddelen. Door de gebroken opening zijn de eeuwenoude natuurstenen van de Romeinse stad zichtbaar, waardoor de pithos als het ware een venster vormt naar het dagelijkse leven van bijna tweeduizend jaar geleden. De verweerde klei, de sporen van eeuwenlange blootstelling aan weer en wind en de omliggende ruïnes wekken de indruk dat dit deel van Stobi pas onlangs door archeologen is blootgelegd. Hoewel er in het archeologische park nog steeds restauratie- en conserveringswerkzaamheden plaatsvinden, zijn grote delen bewust in hun opgegraven staat gelaten. Daardoor krijgen bezoekers een authentieke indruk van een van de best bewaarde Romeinse steden op de Balkan.
The Palace of Knossos is connected with thrilling legends, such as the myth of the Labyrinth, with the Minotaur, and the story of Daidalos and Ikaros.
Knossos (Heraklion/ Crete/ Greece)
The image of the Prince of the Lilies is one of those that remains etched in the memory due to its colourfulness, stylization and its power of association with a place (Crete) and a specific culture (the Minoan), although To be honest, it is an image that has been so restored and reconstructed based on such fanciful criteria that it hardly has much to do with the original image.
La imagen del Príncipe de los Lirios es una de esas que se quedan grabadas en la memoria por lo que tiene de colorida, estilizada y por su poder de asociación a un lugar (Creta) y una cultura concreta (la minoica), aunque a fuerza de ser sinceros se trata de una imagen tan restaurada y reconstruida sobre criterios tan fantasiosos que difícilmente tenga mucho que ver con la imagen original.
Knossos Palace. Heraklion (Crete/ Greece)
Archaeologist Arthur Evans excavated the Palace at Knossos from 1900-1905 and named the Minoan civilization of Crete after king Minos from Greek mythology. Homer's epic poems of the Iliad and Odyssey are the first Greek literature to mention Minos as a king of Knossos, Crete. Minos was son of Zeus and Europa.
Heraklion (Crete/ Greece)
Within the storerooms were large clay containers (pithoi) that held oil, grains, dried fish, beans, and olives. Many of the items were processed at the palace, which had grain mills, oil presses, and wine presses. Beneath the pithoi were stone holes that were used to store more valuable objects, such as gold.
Heraklion (Crete/ Greece)
The restoration of the palace to its present form was carried out by Arthur Evans. Conservation and consolidation works are carried out by the Archaeological Service of the Ministry of Culture, imposed by the need to preserve and protect the monuments uncovered.
Heraklion (Crete/ Greece)
As many of you might know, I am born on the Greek, very green , island of Corfu, opposite of Naples-Italy.
But the other Greek island “of my heart” is Santorini in the Aegean Sea.
Santorini for me has a very original, “mystical” energy… I felt it especially strongly some 30 years ago, when I had arrived there with my husband by plane in 05:00 in the morning, in the Springtime, during a rosy , adorable dawn… Listening to my steps, in total dawn silence…Lovely , happy cats were following me up close …I was feeling like in a very spiritual cathedral/temple of the physical world…
I was found there again for a few hours, alone with my camera, this last October. It was not sunny!! Very moody actually, and it was about to rain cats and dogs a few hours later…Lots of tourists around as always.. But, in my photos no blue sea, no clear blue sky…Sorry…
***On Santorini , you know, there is a small “Pompeii” , the Italian ancient city near the volcano of Vesuvius!! The Santorinian Pompeii is called “archaeological site of Akrotiri”, a Minoan site, thriving during the Bronze Age, between 2000and 1630 BC!!!!! The Santorini island is a product of a really huge eruption: Wikipedia : “The devastating volcanic eruption of Thera has become the most famous single event in the Aegean before the fall of Troy. It may have been one of the largest volcanic eruptions on Earth in the last few thousand years, with an estimated VEI (volcanic explosivity index) of 6 according to the last studies published in 2006, confirming the prior values. The violent eruption was centred on a small island just north of the existing island of Nea Kameni in the centre of the caldera; the caldera itself was formed several hundred thousand years ago by the collapse of the centre of a circular island, caused by the emptying of the magma chamber during an eruption.”
(About the archaeological site of Akrotiri: )
“…….Many of the houses in Akrotiri are major structures, some of them three stories high. Its streets, squares, and walls were preserved in the layers of ejecta, sometimes as tall as eight metres, indicating this was a major town. In many houses stone staircases are still intact, and they contain huge ceramic storage jars (pithoi), mills, and pottery. Noted archaeological remains found in Akrotiri are wall paintings or frescoes, which have kept their original colour well, as they were preserved under many metres of volcanic ash. The town also had a highly developed drainage system and, judging from the fine artwork, its citizens were clearly sophisticated and relatively wealthy people.
Pipes with running water and water closets found at Akrotiri are the oldest such utilities discovered.[citation needed] The pipes run in twin systems, indicating that Therans used both hot and cold water supplies; the origin of the hot water probably was geothermic, given the volcano's proximity. The dual pipe system, the advanced architecture, and the apparent layout of the Akrotiri find resemble Plato's description of the legendary lost city of Atlantis, further indicating the Minoans as the culture which primarily inspired the Atlantis legend.[6]
Fragmentary wall-paintings at Akrotiri lack the insistent religious or mythological content familiar in Classical Greek décor. Instead, the Minoan frescoes depict "Saffron-Gatherers", who offer their crocus-stamens to a seated lady, perhaps a goddess. Crocus has been discovered to have many medicinal values including the relief of menstrual pain. This has led many[who?] archaeologists to believe that the fresco of the saffron/crocus gatherers is a coming of age fresco dealing with female pubescence. In another house are two antelopes, painted with a kind of confident, flowing, decorative, calligraphic line, the famous fresco of a fisherman with his double strings of fish strung by their gills, and the flotilla of pleasure boats, accompanied by leaping dolphins, where ladies take their ease in the shade of light canopies, among other frescoes.
The well preserved ruins of the ancient town are often compared to the spectacular ruins at Pompeii in Italy. The canopy covering the ruins collapsed in an accident in September 2005, killing one tourist and injuring seven more. The site was closed for almost seven years while a new canopy was built. The site was re-opened in April 2012.
The oldest signs of human settlement are Late Neolithic (4th millennium BC or earlier), but c. 2000–1650 BC Akrotiri developed into one of the Aegean's major Bronze Age ports, with recovered objects that came not just from Crete, but also from Anatolia, Cyprus, Syria, and Egypt, as well as from the Dodecanese and the Greek mainland.”
En Crète au Palais de Phaistos on peut voir à demi cachés sous une dalle de ciment, deux pithois (jarres) à “panse globulaire”, appartenant aux magasins du premier palais qui permettait de stocker de l'huile ou du vin.
D'après photographie argentique.
The bull was sacred to the Minoans and celebrated throughout Knossos where both men and women, due to gender equality, performed bull leaping.
Heraklion (Crete/ Greece)
The palace at Knossos consisted of perhaps 1,300 rooms spread over three acres of land. Since its discovery, many have speculated that this complex structure, with its ever-present bull symbolism, was the distant inspiration behind the labyrinth in the Greek myth of Theseus and the Minotaur. The Roman historian Pliny, in his Natural History, also mentions a Cretan Labyrinth as one of the four famous labyrinths of the ancient world, along with the Egyptian labyrinth, a Lemnian labyrinth and an Italian labyrinth.
Heraklion (Crete/ Greece)
Palais minoens Knossos Crète Grèce
Le palais de Knossos, situé dans le centre-nord de la Crète sur la colline de Kephala est souvent présenté comme un modèle du palais minoen.
Un premier palais est édifié au IIe millénaire avant J.-C. Vers 1700 avant J.-C., un tremblement de terre l’ayant détruit, on en reconstruit un plus vaste et plus luxueux. Il sera remanié à plusieurs reprises au cours des trois siècles suivants. Il abrite des sanctuaires et des salles de culte, des parties privées, des résidences périphériques, des maisons plus modestes ou encore des ateliers et des magasins de stockage.
Une juxtaposition de pièces autour d’une cour centrale
Le palais était protégé par un haut mur percé de plusieurs portes. Il est organisé autour d’une vaste cour centrale autour de laquelle se développent les principaux quartiers éclairés par des cours secondaires et par des puits de lumière. Ainsi, les différentes pièces reliées entre elles par des couloirs à la manière du labyrinthe de la tradition hellénistique paraissent juxtaposées sans ordre apparent. On a dénombré environ 800 pièces, mais l’on pense qu’il y en avait peut-être 1300, parfois sur cinq étages. Il est possible que dans la cour centrale se soient déroulées des cérémonies tauromachiques.
Akrotiri, a Minoan Bronze Age settlement, was destroyed in the 16th century BC by a massive volcanic eruption and buried in volcanic ash. This room was found full of large storage jars (pithoi).
As many of you might know, I am born on the Greek, very green , island of Corfu, opposite of Naples-Italy.
But the other Greek island “of my heart” is Santorini in the Aegean Sea.
Santorini for me has a very original, “mystical” energy… I felt it especially strongly some 30 years ago, when I had arrived there with my husband by plane in 05:00 in the morning, in the Springtime, during a rosy , adorable dawn… Listening to my steps, in total dawn silence…Lovely , happy cats were following me up close …I was feeling like in a very spiritual cathedral/temple of the physical world…
I was found there again for a few hours, alone with my camera, this last October. It was not sunny!! Very moody actually, and it was about to rain cats and dogs a few hours later…Lots of tourists around as always.. But, in my photos no blue sea, no clear blue sky…Sorry…
***On Santorini , you know, there is a small “Pompeii” , the Italian ancient city near the volcano of Vesuvius!! The Santorinian Pompeii is called “archaeological site of Akrotiri”, a Minoan site, thriving during the Bronze Age, between 2000and 1630 BC!!!!! The Santorini island is a product of a really huge eruption: Wikipedia : “The devastating volcanic eruption of Thera has become the most famous single event in the Aegean before the fall of Troy. It may have been one of the largest volcanic eruptions on Earth in the last few thousand years, with an estimated VEI (volcanic explosivity index) of 6 according to the last studies published in 2006, confirming the prior values. The violent eruption was centred on a small island just north of the existing island of Nea Kameni in the centre of the caldera; the caldera itself was formed several hundred thousand years ago by the collapse of the centre of a circular island, caused by the emptying of the magma chamber during an eruption.”
(About the archaeological site of Akrotiri: )
“…….Many of the houses in Akrotiri are major structures, some of them three stories high. Its streets, squares, and walls were preserved in the layers of ejecta, sometimes as tall as eight metres, indicating this was a major town. In many houses stone staircases are still intact, and they contain huge ceramic storage jars (pithoi), mills, and pottery. Noted archaeological remains found in Akrotiri are wall paintings or frescoes, which have kept their original colour well, as they were preserved under many metres of volcanic ash. The town also had a highly developed drainage system and, judging from the fine artwork, its citizens were clearly sophisticated and relatively wealthy people.
Pipes with running water and water closets found at Akrotiri are the oldest such utilities discovered.[citation needed] The pipes run in twin systems, indicating that Therans used both hot and cold water supplies; the origin of the hot water probably was geothermic, given the volcano's proximity. The dual pipe system, the advanced architecture, and the apparent layout of the Akrotiri find resemble Plato's description of the legendary lost city of Atlantis, further indicating the Minoans as the culture which primarily inspired the Atlantis legend.[6]
Fragmentary wall-paintings at Akrotiri lack the insistent religious or mythological content familiar in Classical Greek décor. Instead, the Minoan frescoes depict "Saffron-Gatherers", who offer their crocus-stamens to a seated lady, perhaps a goddess. Crocus has been discovered to have many medicinal values including the relief of menstrual pain. This has led many[who?] archaeologists to believe that the fresco of the saffron/crocus gatherers is a coming of age fresco dealing with female pubescence. In another house are two antelopes, painted with a kind of confident, flowing, decorative, calligraphic line, the famous fresco of a fisherman with his double strings of fish strung by their gills, and the flotilla of pleasure boats, accompanied by leaping dolphins, where ladies take their ease in the shade of light canopies, among other frescoes.
The well preserved ruins of the ancient town are often compared to the spectacular ruins at Pompeii in Italy. The canopy covering the ruins collapsed in an accident in September 2005, killing one tourist and injuring seven more. The site was closed for almost seven years while a new canopy was built. The site was re-opened in April 2012.
The oldest signs of human settlement are Late Neolithic (4th millennium BC or earlier), but c. 2000–1650 BC Akrotiri developed into one of the Aegean's major Bronze Age ports, with recovered objects that came not just from Crete, but also from Anatolia, Cyprus, Syria, and Egypt, as well as from the Dodecanese and the Greek mainland.”
As many of you might know, I am born on the Greek, very green , island of Corfu, opposite of Naples-Italy.
But the other Greek island “of my heart” is Santorini in the Aegean Sea.
Santorini for me has a very original, “mystical” energy… I felt it especially strongly some 30 years ago, when I had arrived there with my husband by plane in 05:00 in the morning, in the Springtime, during a rosy , adorable dawn… Listening to my steps, in total dawn silence…Lovely , happy cats were following me up close …I was feeling like in a very spiritual cathedral/temple of the physical world…
I was found there again for a few hours, alone with my camera, this last October. It was not sunny!! Very moody actually, and it was about to rain cats and dogs a few hours later…Lots of tourists around as always.. But, in my photos no blue sea, no clear blue sky…Sorry…
***On Santorini , you know, there is a small “Pompeii” , the Italian ancient city near the volcano of Vesuvius!! The Santorinian Pompeii is called “archaeological site of Akrotiri”, a Minoan site, thriving during the Bronze Age, between 2000and 1630 BC!!!!! The Santorini island is a product of a really huge eruption: Wikipedia : “The devastating volcanic eruption of Thera has become the most famous single event in the Aegean before the fall of Troy. It may have been one of the largest volcanic eruptions on Earth in the last few thousand years, with an estimated VEI (volcanic explosivity index) of 6 according to the last studies published in 2006, confirming the prior values. The violent eruption was centred on a small island just north of the existing island of Nea Kameni in the centre of the caldera; the caldera itself was formed several hundred thousand years ago by the collapse of the centre of a circular island, caused by the emptying of the magma chamber during an eruption.”
(About the archaeological site of Akrotiri: )
“…….Many of the houses in Akrotiri are major structures, some of them three stories high. Its streets, squares, and walls were preserved in the layers of ejecta, sometimes as tall as eight metres, indicating this was a major town. In many houses stone staircases are still intact, and they contain huge ceramic storage jars (pithoi), mills, and pottery. Noted archaeological remains found in Akrotiri are wall paintings or frescoes, which have kept their original colour well, as they were preserved under many metres of volcanic ash. The town also had a highly developed drainage system and, judging from the fine artwork, its citizens were clearly sophisticated and relatively wealthy people.
Pipes with running water and water closets found at Akrotiri are the oldest such utilities discovered.[citation needed] The pipes run in twin systems, indicating that Therans used both hot and cold water supplies; the origin of the hot water probably was geothermic, given the volcano's proximity. The dual pipe system, the advanced architecture, and the apparent layout of the Akrotiri find resemble Plato's description of the legendary lost city of Atlantis, further indicating the Minoans as the culture which primarily inspired the Atlantis legend.[6]
Fragmentary wall-paintings at Akrotiri lack the insistent religious or mythological content familiar in Classical Greek décor. Instead, the Minoan frescoes depict "Saffron-Gatherers", who offer their crocus-stamens to a seated lady, perhaps a goddess. Crocus has been discovered to have many medicinal values including the relief of menstrual pain. This has led many[who?] archaeologists to believe that the fresco of the saffron/crocus gatherers is a coming of age fresco dealing with female pubescence. In another house are two antelopes, painted with a kind of confident, flowing, decorative, calligraphic line, the famous fresco of a fisherman with his double strings of fish strung by their gills, and the flotilla of pleasure boats, accompanied by leaping dolphins, where ladies take their ease in the shade of light canopies, among other frescoes.
The well preserved ruins of the ancient town are often compared to the spectacular ruins at Pompeii in Italy. The canopy covering the ruins collapsed in an accident in September 2005, killing one tourist and injuring seven more. The site was closed for almost seven years while a new canopy was built. The site was re-opened in April 2012.
The oldest signs of human settlement are Late Neolithic (4th millennium BC or earlier), but c. 2000–1650 BC Akrotiri developed into one of the Aegean's major Bronze Age ports, with recovered objects that came not just from Crete, but also from Anatolia, Cyprus, Syria, and Egypt, as well as from the Dodecanese and the Greek mainland.”
This house is built on two levels against the city walls on the seashore, suggesting the walls were no longer in use and in ruins. On the upper level is a courtyard with a peristyle paved with a pebble mosaic which is the only example of its type in Sicily. It resembles a panelled carpet with a complex geometric border and with the panels containing depictions of hunting wild animals (a lion attacking a bull, a bird of prey, a deer). Its format dates it from similar ones in mainland Greece and its colonies to the 3rd century BC. The peristyle has residential rooms around it.
On the lower level in the southwestern part of the house are 6 service rooms with three large pithoi (food storage vessels).
As many of you might know, I am born on the Greek, very green , island of Corfu, opposite of Naples-Italy.
But the other Greek island “of my heart” is Santorini in the Aegean Sea.
Santorini for me has a very original, “mystical” energy… I felt it especially strongly some 30 years ago, when I had arrived there with my husband by plane in 05:00 in the morning, in the Springtime, during a rosy , adorable dawn… Listening to my steps, in total dawn silence…Lovely , happy cats were following me up close …I was feeling like in a very spiritual cathedral/temple of the physical world…
I was found there again for a few hours, alone with my camera, this last October. It was not sunny!! Very moody actually, and it was about to rain cats and dogs a few hours later…Lots of tourists around as always.. But, in my photos no blue sea, no clear blue sky…Sorry…
***On Santorini , you know, there is a small “Pompeii” , the Italian ancient city near the volcano of Vesuvius!! The Santorinian Pompeii is called “archaeological site of Akrotiri”, a Minoan site, thriving during the Bronze Age, between 2000and 1630 BC!!!!! The Santorini island is a product of a really huge eruption: Wikipedia : “The devastating volcanic eruption of Thera has become the most famous single event in the Aegean before the fall of Troy. It may have been one of the largest volcanic eruptions on Earth in the last few thousand years, with an estimated VEI (volcanic explosivity index) of 6 according to the last studies published in 2006, confirming the prior values. The violent eruption was centred on a small island just north of the existing island of Nea Kameni in the centre of the caldera; the caldera itself was formed several hundred thousand years ago by the collapse of the centre of a circular island, caused by the emptying of the magma chamber during an eruption.”
(About the archaeological site of Akrotiri: )
“…….Many of the houses in Akrotiri are major structures, some of them three stories high. Its streets, squares, and walls were preserved in the layers of ejecta, sometimes as tall as eight metres, indicating this was a major town. In many houses stone staircases are still intact, and they contain huge ceramic storage jars (pithoi), mills, and pottery. Noted archaeological remains found in Akrotiri are wall paintings or frescoes, which have kept their original colour well, as they were preserved under many metres of volcanic ash. The town also had a highly developed drainage system and, judging from the fine artwork, its citizens were clearly sophisticated and relatively wealthy people.
Pipes with running water and water closets found at Akrotiri are the oldest such utilities discovered.[citation needed] The pipes run in twin systems, indicating that Therans used both hot and cold water supplies; the origin of the hot water probably was geothermic, given the volcano's proximity. The dual pipe system, the advanced architecture, and the apparent layout of the Akrotiri find resemble Plato's description of the legendary lost city of Atlantis, further indicating the Minoans as the culture which primarily inspired the Atlantis legend.[6]
Fragmentary wall-paintings at Akrotiri lack the insistent religious or mythological content familiar in Classical Greek décor. Instead, the Minoan frescoes depict "Saffron-Gatherers", who offer their crocus-stamens to a seated lady, perhaps a goddess. Crocus has been discovered to have many medicinal values including the relief of menstrual pain. This has led many[who?] archaeologists to believe that the fresco of the saffron/crocus gatherers is a coming of age fresco dealing with female pubescence. In another house are two antelopes, painted with a kind of confident, flowing, decorative, calligraphic line, the famous fresco of a fisherman with his double strings of fish strung by their gills, and the flotilla of pleasure boats, accompanied by leaping dolphins, where ladies take their ease in the shade of light canopies, among other frescoes.
The well preserved ruins of the ancient town are often compared to the spectacular ruins at Pompeii in Italy. The canopy covering the ruins collapsed in an accident in September 2005, killing one tourist and injuring seven more. The site was closed for almost seven years while a new canopy was built. The site was re-opened in April 2012.
The oldest signs of human settlement are Late Neolithic (4th millennium BC or earlier), but c. 2000–1650 BC Akrotiri developed into one of the Aegean's major Bronze Age ports, with recovered objects that came not just from Crete, but also from Anatolia, Cyprus, Syria, and Egypt, as well as from the Dodecanese and the Greek mainland.”
Agia Triada is an archaeological site with the remains of a palace complex in the west of the Messara Plain, about two kilometers northwest of the ruins of Phaistos, a Minoan palace complex. There was already an extensive settlement at the beginning of the Pre-Palace period at the end of the 4th millennium BC. Tholos tombs, east of the fenced excavation area, are dated to the Pre-Palace period. Due to the sedimentation of the Timbaki basin at the mouth of the Geropotamos, Agia Triada lost its landfill around 1900 BC. the direct access to the sea that existed in the early Minoan period. During the New Palace period, between 1600 and 1550 BC, a small palace complex was built known as the "great Minoan villa." The settlement at Agia Triada lay east of the palace, which is considered the political and sacred administrative center. The wall paintings are in the same style as the paintings at Knossos.
The palace of Agia Triada was destroyed around 1450 BC. Afterwards, around 1400 BC, a Mycenaean megaron was built on its ruins. To the north, below the complex, in the post-palatial period, a development of dwellings and warehouses was built. It represents a "Minoan market village." It is assumed that artisans and merchants who maintained intensive trade relations with North Africa settled here.
To the north the remains of two large buildings have been preserved, one of them megaron-like, which are dated to 1350 to 1250 BC. During the decline of the Minoan/Mycenaean culture, the palace of Agia Triada was destroyed around 1250 BC. After that, the site was used as a place of worship. Statuettes were placed in the open air. The cult continued until the the 11th and 10th centuries BC and resumed in the 7th century BC.
Pithoi are large storage containers
We bought this pot in a craft shop, Pots & Pithoi, which specialises in pottery from Crete. Most people have the base drilled to use as a flower pot but we didn't as we wanted to use it as a waste paper bin.
As many of you might know, I am born on the Greek, very green , island of Corfu, opposite of Naples-Italy.
But the other Greek island “of my heart” is Santorini in the Aegean Sea.
Santorini for me has a very original, “mystical” energy… I felt it especially strongly some 30 years ago, when I had arrived there with my husband by plane in 05:00 in the morning, in the Springtime, during a rosy , adorable dawn… Listening to my steps, in total dawn silence…Lovely , happy cats were following me up close …I was feeling like in a very spiritual cathedral/temple of the physical world…
I was found there again a few hours, alone with my camera, this last October. It was not sunny!! Very moody actually, and it was about to rain cats and dogs a few hours later…Lots of tourists around as always.. But, in my photos no blue sea, no clear blue sky…Sorry…
***On Santorini , you know, there is a small “Pompeii” , the Italian ancient city near the volcano of Vesuvius!! The Santorinian Pompeii is called “archaeological site of Akrotiri”, a Minoan site, thriving during the Bronze Age, between 2000and 1630 BC!!!!! The Santorini island is a product of a really huge eruption: Wikipedia : “The devastating volcanic eruption of Thera has become the most famous single event in the Aegean before the fall of Troy. It may have been one of the largest volcanic eruptions on Earth in the last few thousand years, with an estimated VEI (volcanic explosivity index) of 6 according to the last studies published in 2006, confirming the prior values. The violent eruption was centred on a small island just north of the existing island of Nea Kameni in the centre of the caldera; the caldera itself was formed several hundred thousand years ago by the collapse of the centre of a circular island, caused by the emptying of the magma chamber during an eruption.”
(About the archaeological site of Akrotiri: )
“…….Many of the houses in Akrotiri are major structures, some of them three stories high. Its streets, squares, and walls were preserved in the layers of ejecta, sometimes as tall as eight metres, indicating this was a major town. In many houses stone staircases are still intact, and they contain huge ceramic storage jars (pithoi), mills, and pottery. Noted archaeological remains found in Akrotiri are wall paintings or frescoes, which have kept their original colour well, as they were preserved under many metres of volcanic ash. The town also had a highly developed drainage system and, judging from the fine artwork, its citizens were clearly sophisticated and relatively wealthy people.
Pipes with running water and water closets found at Akrotiri are the oldest such utilities discovered.[citation needed] The pipes run in twin systems, indicating that Therans used both hot and cold water supplies; the origin of the hot water probably was geothermic, given the volcano's proximity. The dual pipe system, the advanced architecture, and the apparent layout of the Akrotiri find resemble Plato's description of the legendary lost city of Atlantis, further indicating the Minoans as the culture which primarily inspired the Atlantis legend.[6]
Fragmentary wall-paintings at Akrotiri lack the insistent religious or mythological content familiar in Classical Greek décor. Instead, the Minoan frescoes depict "Saffron-Gatherers", who offer their crocus-stamens to a seated lady, perhaps a goddess. Crocus has been discovered to have many medicinal values including the relief of menstrual pain. This has led many[who?] archaeologists to believe that the fresco of the saffron/crocus gatherers is a coming of age fresco dealing with female pubescence. In another house are two antelopes, painted with a kind of confident, flowing, decorative, calligraphic line, the famous fresco of a fisherman with his double strings of fish strung by their gills, and the flotilla of pleasure boats, accompanied by leaping dolphins, where ladies take their ease in the shade of light canopies, among other frescoes.
The well preserved ruins of the ancient town are often compared to the spectacular ruins at Pompeii in Italy. The canopy covering the ruins collapsed in an accident in September 2005, killing one tourist and injuring seven more. The site was closed for almost seven years while a new canopy was built. The site was re-opened in April 2012.
The oldest signs of human settlement are Late Neolithic (4th millennium BC or earlier), but c. 2000–1650 BC Akrotiri developed into one of the Aegean's major Bronze Age ports, with recovered objects that came not just from Crete, but also from Anatolia, Cyprus, Syria, and Egypt, as well as from the Dodecanese and the Greek mainland.”
These are three of the 150 giant pithoi (storage jars) found in the West Magazines (storage rooms) of the Palace of Knossos. The jars once held oil and wine and dry materials such as grain. The capacity of the storerooms was about 80,000 litres and it is believed that they held about 400 pithoi.
The area actually has a very long history of human habitation, from the first Neolithic settlement around 7000 BC, until 1500 BC, when the surrounding city had a population of 100,000. The palace suffered through an earthquake but then was reconstructed. It’s believed that the palace was abandoned around 1380 to 1100 B.C. for largely unknown reasons.
The excavation and exploration of the site have provided historians with a wealth of knowledge and insight into the Minoan Civilization. Tools like clay and stone incised spools and whorls point to a cloth-making industry and curvaceous female figurines indicate the worshipping of mother goddesses.
The palace structure we see today is not exactly as it looked in its original time, due to reconstruction and renovation throughout the years, and it is considered by some archaeologists as a facsimile. The palace complex is not believed to have just been the residence of the monarch but also as the civic, religious, and economic center of Knossos."
Knossos is the largest Bronze Age archaeological site on Crete and has been called Europe's oldest city.
Settled as early as the Neolithic period, the name Knossos survives from ancient Greek references to the major city of Crete. The palace of Knossos eventually became the ceremonial and political center of the Minoan civilization and culture. The palace was abandoned at some unknown time at the end of the Late Bronze Age, c. 1,380–1,100 BC.
In the First Palace Period (around 2,000 BC), the urban area reached a size of as many as 18,000 people. At its peak shortly after 1,700 BC, the palace and surrounding city boasted a population of 100,000 people.
Arthur Evans, who unearthed the palace of Knossos in modern times, estimated that c. 8,000 BC a Neolithic people arrived at the hill, probably from overseas by boat, and placed the first of a succession of wattle and daub villages (modern radiocarbon dates have raised the estimate to c. 7,000–6,500 BC.
Large numbers of clay and stone incised spools and whorls attest to local cloth-making. There are fine ground axe and mace heads of colored stone: greenstone, serpentine, diorite and jadeite, as well as obsidian knives and arrowheads along with the cores from which they were flaked. Most significant among the other small items were a large number of animal and human figurines, including nude sitting or standing females with exaggerated breasts and buttocks. Evans attributed them to the worship of the Neolithic mother goddess and figurines in general to religion.
The palace of Knossos covered three acres with its main building alone and five acres when separate out-buildings are considered. It had a monumental staircase leading to state rooms on an upper floor. A ritual cult center was on the ground floor. The palace stores occupied sixteen rooms, the main feature in these being the pithoi that were large storage jars up to five feet tall. They were mainly used for storage of oil, wool, wine, and grain. Smaller and more valuable objects were stored in lead-lined cists. The palace had bathrooms, toilets, and a drainage system. A theatre was found at Knossos that would have held 400 spectators.
The prosperity of Knossos was based on development of native Cretan resources such as oil, wine, and wool. Another factor was the expansion of trade. Herodotus wrote that Minos, the legendary king of Knossos, established a thalassocracy (sea empire). Thucydides accepted the tradition and added that Minos cleared the sea of pirates, increased the flow of trade and colonized many Aegean islands. Archaeological evidence supports the tradition because Minoan pottery is widespread, having been found in Egypt, Syria, Anatolia, Rhodes, the Cyclades, Sicily, and mainland Greece.
The site of Knossos was discovered in 1878 by Minos Kalokairinos. The excavations in Knossos began in 1900 by the English archaeologist Sir Arthur Evans (1851–1941) and his team, and continued for 35 years. Its size far exceeded his original expectations.
The features of the palace depend on the time period. Currently visible is an accumulation of features over several centuries, the latest most dominant. Thus, the palace was never exactly as depicted today. In addition, it has been reconstituted in modern materials. The custom began in an effort to preserve the site from decay and torrential winter rain. After 1922, the chief proprietor, Arthur Evans, intended to recreate a facsimile based on archaeological evidence. The palace is not exactly as it ever was, perhaps in places, not even close, and yet in general, judging from the work put in and the care taken, as well as parallels with other palaces, it probably is a good general facsimile. Opinions range, however, from most skeptical, viewing the palace as pure fantasy based on 1920s architecture and art deco, to most unquestioning, accepting the final judgements of Arthur Evans as most accurate. The mainstream of opinion falls between.
Jarres paléopalatiales avec décor en relief du palais minoen de Phaistos
magasins du palais
Crète, Grèce
Les pithoi sont de grandes jarres de terre cuite, fabriquées par les Minoens pour la conservation de denrées agricoles (huile d'olive, vin, miel..)
Le palais de Phaistos s'étend sur presque 8 300 m2, il est le deuxième plus grand de l'île après celui de Cnossos. C'est l'un des sites les plus importants de la civilisation minoenne...
Les archéologues italiens ont commencé les fouilles de Phaistos en 1900, sensiblement à la même époque que les fouilles d'Arthur Evans à Cnossos Extrait de Wikipedia
Phaistos sur Wikipedia
fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phaistos
La Culture minoenne sur Wikipedia
fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civilisation_minoenne
Site de l'auteur (2001)
I sat down next to these when my hip was killing me and I needed a rest. I just turned to my left and there it was, this lovely grouping of beautifully curvacious objects (no smut please!) I loved the slightly strange angle that was created, so I just decided to go for it from there.
These are four of the 150 giant pithoi (storage jars) found in the West Magazines (storage rooms) of the Palace of Knossos. The jars once held oil and wine and dry materials such as grain. The capacity of the storerooms was about 80,000 litres and it is believed that they held about 400 pithoi.
The area actually has a very long history of human habitation, from the first Neolithic settlement around 7000 BC, until 1500 BC, when the surrounding city had a population of 100,000. The palace suffered through an earthquake but then was reconstructed. It’s believed that the palace was abandoned around 1380 to 1100 B.C. for largely unknown reasons.
The excavation and exploration of the site have provided historians with a wealth of knowledge and insight into the Minoan Civilization. Tools like clay and stone incised spools and whorls point to a cloth-making industry and curvaceous female figurines indicate the worshipping of mother goddesses.
The palace structure we see today is not exactly as it looked in its original time, due to reconstruction and renovation throughout the years, and it is considered by some archaeologists as a facsimile. The palace complex is not believed to have just been the residence of the monarch but also as the civic, religious, and economic center of Knossos."
Malia is located 37 km east of Heraklion. The sandy beaches of the Sea of Crete to the north, the mountain of Dikti to the south, and a little valley lying between them - this is the peaceful scene observed on reaching Malia, 37 km east of Heraklion or 25 Km west of Agios Nikolaos.
To the east of the modern resort is the Minoan Palace of Malia. This is the third-largest Minoan palace in Crete, built in a wonderful setting near the sea, on the road linking eastern and central Crete.
This palace - the seat, according to myth, of Minos’ brother Sarpedon - was first constructed circa 1900 BC. The already large settlement, some parts of which are preserved around the palace, thus became a palace-city. This first palace was destroyed circa 1700 BC and rebuilt circa 1650 BC, on the same site and with the same layout. Finally the new palace was destroyed circa 1450 BC and not reoccupied. During the Mycenean period a small building, probably a sanctuary, was constructed in the ruins.
Phaistos, also transliterated as Phaestos, Festos and Phaestus is an ancient city on the island of Crete. It was inhabited from about 4000 BC. A palace, dating from the Middle Bronze Age, was destroyed by an earthquake during the Late Bronze Age. Knossos along with other Minoan sites was destroyed at that time. The palace was rebuilt toward the end of the Late Bronze Age. Phaistos was first excavated by Italian archaeologists Federico Halbherr and Luigi Pernier. Further excavations in 1950-1971 were conducted by Doro Levi. The Old Palace was built in the Protopalatial Period, then rebuilt twice due to extensive earthquake damage. When the palace was destroyed by earthquake, the re-builders constructed a New Palace atop the old. Several artifacts with Linear A inscriptions were excavated at this site. The name of the site also appears in partially deciphered Linear A texts, and is probably similar to Mycenaean 'PA-I-TO' as written in Linear B. Several kouloura structures (subsurface pits) have been found at Phaistos. Pottery has been recovered at Phaistos from in the Middle and Late Minoan periods, including polychrome items and embossing in imitation of metal work. Bronze Age works from Phaistos include bridge spouted bowls, eggshell cups, tall jars and large pithoi. In 1908, Pernier found the Phaistos disc there. This artifact is a clay disk, dated to between 1950 BC and 1400 BC and impressed with a unique sophisticated hieroglyphic script.
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Dawna ceramika wśród ruin Fajstos na Krecie :)
Fajstos - starozytne miasto na krecie. Było zamieszkane od III tysiąclecia p.n.e. Pierwszy pałac, wzniesiony w Fajstos między 2000 a 1900 p.n.e., został zniszczony około 1700 p.n.e. Następny, zawierający pewne elementy poprzedniego, był znacznie większy. Na terenie Fajstos zachowały się ślady późniejszego osadnictwa datowane na koniec epoki brązu. Dorowie założyli w Fajstos miasto-państwo (prawdopodobnie w VIII w. p.n.e.), które rywalizowało z Gortyną i w II w. p.n.e. zostało pobite przez sąsiada. Wykopaliska prowadzone w latach 1901-1909 oraz po 1945 odsłoniły ruiny pałacu kultury minojskiej. Zabudowania zajmowały obszar około 8,3 tys. m². Z uwagi na ukształtowanie terenu, otaczały go tylko z trzech stron. Wejście umieszczone było po zachodniej stronie, z boku elewacji. Prowadziło przez monumentalne schody i podwójny portyk na dziedziniec. Ściany sal reprezentacyjnych zdobiły freski. Resztki zachowanych schodów świadczą o istnieniu wyższych kondygnacji. W starożytności Fajstos było ośrodkiem handlowym i rzemieślniczym. Prowadzono tam wytop miedzi, produkowano brąz oraz handlowano nim. W pobliskiej alei handlowej w ruinach kramów znajdują się tablice ze znakami pisma różnego od pisma linearnego A i pisma linearnego B. Wśród ruin znaleziono wiele zabytków m.in. ceramikę w stylu Kamares oraz słynny dysk z Fajstos.
Phaistos, also transliterated as Phaestos, Festos and Phaestus is an ancient city on the island of Crete. It was inhabited from about 4000 BC. A palace, dating from the Middle Bronze Age, was destroyed by an earthquake during the Late Bronze Age. Knossos along with other Minoan sites was destroyed at that time. The palace was rebuilt toward the end of the Late Bronze Age. Phaistos was first excavated by Italian archaeologists Federico Halbherr and Luigi Pernier. Further excavations in 1950-1971 were conducted by Doro Levi.
The Old Palace was built in the Protopalatial Period, then rebuilt twice due to extensive earthquake damage. When the palace was destroyed by earthquake, the re-builders constructed a New Palace atop the old. Several artifacts with Linear A inscriptions were excavated at this site. The name of the site also appears in partially deciphered Linear A texts, and is probably similar to Mycenaean 'PA-I-TO' as written in Linear B. Several kouloura structures (subsurface pits) have been found at Phaistos. Pottery has been recovered at Phaistos from in the Middle and Late Minoan periods, including polychrome items and embossing in imitation of metal work. Bronze Age works from Phaistos include bridge spouted bowls, eggshell cups, tall jars and large pithoi.
In 1908, Pernier found the Phaistos disc there. This artifact is a clay disk, dated to between 1950 BC and 1400 BC and impressed with a unique sophisticated hieroglyphic script.
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Ruiny Fajstos na Krecie :)
Fajstos - starozytne miasto na krecie. Było zamieszkane od III tysiąclecia p.n.e. Pierwszy pałac, wzniesiony w Fajstos między 2000 a 1900 p.n.e., został zniszczony około 1700 p.n.e. Następny, zawierający pewne elementy poprzedniego, był znacznie większy. Na terenie Fajstos zachowały się ślady późniejszego osadnictwa datowane na koniec epoki brązu. Dorowie założyli w Fajstos miasto-państwo (prawdopodobnie w VIII w. p.n.e.), które rywalizowało z Gortyną i w II w. p.n.e. zostało pobite przez sąsiada. Wykopaliska prowadzone w latach 1901-1909 oraz po 1945 odsłoniły ruiny pałacu kultury minojskiej. Zabudowania zajmowały obszar około 8,3 tys. m². Z uwagi na ukształtowanie terenu, otaczały go tylko z trzech stron. Wejście umieszczone było po zachodniej stronie, z boku elewacji. Prowadziło przez monumentalne schody i podwójny portyk na dziedziniec. Ściany sal reprezentacyjnych zdobiły freski. Resztki zachowanych schodów świadczą o istnieniu wyższych kondygnacji. W starożytności Fajstos było ośrodkiem handlowym i rzemieślniczym. Prowadzono tam wytop miedzi, produkowano brąz oraz handlowano nim. W pobliskiej alei handlowej w ruinach kramów znajdują się tablice ze znakami pisma różnego od pisma linearnego A i pisma linearnego B. Wśród ruin znaleziono wiele zabytków m.in. ceramikę w stylu Kamares oraz słynny dysk z Fajstos.
Objeto: Yacimiento arqueológico de El Cerro del Bu
Contexto cultural: Edad de Bronce y Islámico
Ubicación: In situ.
Estado de visibilidad actual: Visible
Dimensiones: 517 m. de altura
Referencias:
En la fotografía (a) recinto inferior islámico, (b) bastión del recinto inferior islámico, (c) bancal o muralla de la Edad de Bronce, (d) estructura defensiva del recinto superior islámico.
El Cerro del Bu se encuentra situado en la orilla izquierda del río Tajo en su confluencia con el arroyo de la Degollada, frente al lado sur de la ciudad de Toledo. Fue declarado Monumento Nacional en 1981 y Bien de Interés Cultural en 1992.
Se ha documentado la ocupación del yacimiento en dos épocas:
•Durante la Edad del Bronce, desde finales del tercer milenio hasta principios del primer milenio a.C., en que los habitantes del cerro del Bu se trasladarían al lugar que hoy ocupa la ciudad de Toledo. Posteriormente a esta ocupación permaneció el cerro del Bu abandonado durante un largo periodo de 2000 años.
•Durante un corto espacio de tiempo en el siglo X, en relación con el asedio a la ciudad de Toledo por parte de Abd al-Rahman III, cuyas tropas estaban agrupadas en Madinat alfath en el cerro de Chalencas. Al rendirse la ciudad el Cerro del Bu perdió importancia estratégica y se abandonó.
Actuaciones arqueológicas en el Cerro del Bu:
•1905: Castaños Montijano plantea intervenir en los dos recintos de piedra visibles en la época, abre dos trincheras en el recinto inferior y excava todo el recinto superior.
•Años 80 del siglo XX: Enrique de Alvaro y Juan Pereira plantean una actuación integral en el cerro. En la campaña 1980-1982 documentan una muralla de piedra en el recinto superior, de dos metros de ancho y que conserva un alzado de cuatro hiladas, y otra en el inferior de un metro ochenta de ancho con un bastión adosado de planta rectangular. En la campaña 1983-1988 se documenta un bancal o muralla que aprovecha un afloramiento rocoso y que podría ser un sistema de aterrazamiento de la Edad de Bronce y se documenta la secuencia estratigráfica del yacimiento. En 1986 y 1987 se documenta la estructura defensiva que rodea toda la parte superior del cerro con, al menos tres habitaciones en su interior. Esta estructura está flanqueada por bastiones rectangulares.
En el Museo de Santa Cruz se encuentran expuestos diversos objetos arqueológicos procedentes del yacimiento (hachas prehistóricas, piedras labradas, una maza de pizarra, huesos fosilizados de cuadrúpedos y aves cuencos, punzones de bronce, dientes de hoz en sílex, piedras de molino, una gran olla o «pithoi», etc.)
ALVARO REGUERA, E. de. y PEREIRA SIESO, J.; “El Cerro del Bú (Toledo)”; Actas del primer Congreso de Arqueologia de la provincia de Toledo, 1990, ISBN 84-87100-04-X , págs. 199-214
CASTAÑOS Y MONTIJANO, M., “El Cerro del Bú y la Comisión de Monumentos de “, Boletín de la Real Academia de la Historia, Tomo 46 (1905), pp.445-449
www.cervantesvirtual.com/descargaPdf/el-cerro-del-b-y-la-...
FERNÁNDEZ DEL CERRO, J., “Objetos metálicos del Cerro del Bu (Toledo)”. Cuadernos de prehistoria y arqueología, ISSN 0211-1608, Nº 27, 2001, págs. 7-22
dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=820985&or...
FERNÁNDEZ DEL CERRO, J., “Aproximación al conocimiento de la Edad del Bronce en la cuenca media del Tajo. El Cerro del Bú”, Editorial Audema (Auditores de Energía y Medio Ambiente, S.A.), 2014, ISBN: 978-84-942592-2-7
www.academia.edu/7294772/APROXIMACION_AL_CONOCIMIENTO_DE_...
Resolución de 24 de noviembre de 1980, de la Dirección General de Bellas Artes, Archivos y Bibliotecas, por la que se acuerda tener por incoado, por el trámite de urgencia, el expediente de declaración de monumento histórico-artístico y arqueológico, de carácter nacional, a favor de los que se citan.
www.boe.es/boe/dias/1981/01/26/pdfs/A01827-01828.pdf
Decreto 70/1992, de 28/04/1992, , POR EL QUE SE DECLARA BIEN DE INTERES CULTURAL, CON LA CATEGORIA DE ZONA ARQUEOLOGICA, A FAVOR DEL YACIMIENTO ARQUEOLOGICO DEL CERRO DEL BU EN TOLEDO
docm.jccm.es/portaldocm/verDisposicionAntigua.do?ruta=199...