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A widefield HaRGB mosaic of the Veil Nebula Complex (Supernova Remnant).
The Veil Nebula is a cloud of heated and ionized gas and dust in the constellation Cygnus. It constitutes the visible portions of the Cygnus Loop (radio source W78, or Sharpless 103), a large but relatively faint supernova remnant. The source supernova exploded circa 3,000 BC to 6,000 BC, and the remnants have since expanded to cover an area roughly 3 degrees in diameter (about 6 times the diameter, or 36 times the area, of the full moon).
The Veil Nebula Complex has three main visual components:
The Western Veil (also known as Caldwell 34), consisting of NGC 6960 (the "Witch's Broom", "Finger of God", or "Filamentary Nebula") near the foreground star 52 Cygni;
The Eastern Veil (also known as Caldwell 33), whose brightest area is NGC 6992, trailing off farther south into NGC 6995 (together with NGC 6992 also known as "Network Nebula") and IC 1340; and
Pickering's Triangle (or Pickering's Triangular Wisp), brightest at the north central edge of the loop, but visible in photographs continuing toward the central area of the loop.
NGC 6974 and NGC 6979 are luminous knots in a fainter patch of nebulosity on the northern rim between NGC 6992 and Pickering's Triangle.
About Star Colors:
You will notice that star colors differ from red, orange and yellow, to blue. This is an indication of the temperature of the star's Nuclear Fusion process. This is determined by the size and mass of the star, and the stage of its life cycle. In short, the blue stars are hotter, and the red ones are cooler.
Imaging:
Photographed in Adobe RGB and the Narrowband Hydrogen-Alpha (Hα) spectral line of 656.28nm.
Image Acquisition:
Sequence Generator Pro with the "Mosaic and Framing Wizard".
Plate Solving:
Astrometry.net ANSVR Blind Solver via SGP.
Processing:
Pre-Processing and Linear workflow in PixInsight,
and finished in Photoshop.
Astrometry Info:
View an Annotated Sky Chart of thie image.
Center RA, Dec: 312.888, 31.164
Center RA, hms: 20h 51m 33.081s
Center Dec, dms: +31° 09' 51.606"
Size: 3.3 x 2.46 deg
Radius: 2.059 deg
Pixel scale: 6.61 arcsec/pixel
Orientation: Up is 178 degrees E of N
Martin
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Billions of stars...
Best viewed LARGE.
The image is not at full resolution, but is still best viewed LARGE. Zoom in and out by clicking on the image, or view in Lightbox Mode.
About this image:
A widefield mosaic of M8 and M20. This is a dense region of stars, interstellar dust clouds, and dark nebulae, reflection nebulae and emission nebulae.
The Trifid Nebula (M20)
The Trifid Nebula, a star-forming region in the Scutum spiral arm of the Milky Way Galaxy. The Trifid Nebula (M20, Messier 20 or NGC 6514) is an H II region located in Sagittarius. Trifid means 'divided into three lobes'. The object is an unusual combination of an open cluster of stars; an emission nebula (the red portion), a reflection nebula (the blue portion) and a dark nebula (the apparent 'gaps' within the emission nebula that cause the trifurcated appearance; these are also designated Barnard 85).
The Lagoon Nebula (M8)
The Lagoon Nebula (M8, Messier 8 or NGC 6523), a giant interstellar cloud in the constellation Sagittarius. The Lagoon Nebula is estimated to be between 4000 - 6000 light-years from Earth in the Milky Way Galaxy, and is classified as an emission nebula.
Image Acquisition:
Sequence Generator Pro with the Mosaic and Framing Wizard.
Plate Solving:
Astrometry.net ANSVR Solver via SGP.
Processing:
Pre-Processing and Linear workflow in PixInsight,
and finished in Photoshop
Billions of stars...
The size, distance and age of the Universe is far beyond human comprehension. The known Universe is estimated to contain over One Billion Trillion stars (the latest estimates are substantially higher).
"Lost somewhere between immensity and eternity is our tiny planetary home." - Carl Sagan - Cosmos.
Astrometry Info:
View the Annotated Sky Chart for this image.
Center RA, Dec: 270.970, -23.524
Center RA, hms: 18h 03m 52.787s
Center Dec, dms: -23° 31' 24.628"
Size: 3.68 x 2.39 deg
Radius: 2.192 deg
Pixel scale: 6.47 arcsec/pixel
Orientation: Up is 91.7 degrees E of N
View this image in the World Wide Telescope.
Martin
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M81 & M82 - Bode and Cigar Galaxies
Canon EOS 60D and TS APO 804 Triplet on a HEQ5 unguided mount.
ENG: M81 is the principal member of the “M81 Group” which is composed of 34 galaxies 12 million of light years distant from us. M81, M82 and NGC3077 strongly interact with each other and this leads to increasing their star formation activity.
Since the star formation process of M82 is very strong compared to other galaxies, it's classified as “Starburst Galaxy”.
Some numbers: M81 contains 250 billion of stars and it’s far from the “near” M82 just about 200.000 light years, twice the diameter of our galaxy.
ITA: M81 è il membro principale del “Gruppo di M81” costituito da 34 galassie poste ad una distanza media di 12 milioni di anni luce. M81, M82 e NGC3077 interagiscono fortemente tra loro, questo porta ad un incremento della loro attività di formazione stellare.
Proprio per questo motivo M82 viene definita una galassia starbust, ovvero una galassia in cui il processo di formazione stellare è molto spinto rispetto alle altre galassie. Un’attività così spinta, però, porta ad un più veloce esaurimento delle scorte della stessa galassia.
Alcuni numeri: M81 contiene 250 miliardi di stelle e dista dalla compagna (M82) circa 200.000 anni luce, praticamente solo il doppio del diametro della nostra galassia.
► IN THE FOV:
Galaxies: M81, M82
► TECHNICAL DETAILS:
480mm - f/6.0 - ISO800
Light Frames: 37x150''
Dark Frames: 11x150''
Bias Frames: 25x
Click HERE for more astrophotography and details! ;)
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One of the most interesting active regions in the Large Magellanic Cloud (one of the Milky Way's satellite Galaxies).
The Tarantula Nebula is the most active starburst region known in the Local Group of Galaxies. The Local Group comprises more than 54 Galaxies (mostly dwarf Galaxies). The three largest members of the group (in descending order) are the Andromeda Galaxy, the Milky Way Galaxy and the Triangulum Galaxy.
The Tarantula Nebula (also known as NGC 2070, the Doradus Nebula, or 30 Doradus) is a H II region in the very dense Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC). The LMC is one of the irregular satellite dwarf Galaxies of the Milky Way Galaxy, that is among the closest Galaxies to Earth. There is also a Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC), both discovered by Magellan. The Magellanic Clouds are visible from the Southern Hemisphere with the naked eye.
Gear:
William Optics Star 71mm f/4.9 Imaging APO Refractor Telescope.
William Optics 50mm Finder Scope.
Celestron SkySync GPS Accessory.
Orion Mini 50mm Guide Scope.
Orion StarShoot Autoguider.
Celestron AVX Mount.
QHYCCD PoleMaster.
Celestron StarSense.
QHY163M Cooled CMOS Monochrome Camera.
QHYCFW2-M-US Filterwheel (7 position x 36mm).
Tech:
Guiding in Open PHD 2.6.3.
Image acquisition in Sequence Generator Pro.
Lights/Subs:
2 Stage CMOS Cooling
Imaged at -25°C
Gain: 5
Offset: 40
LRGB:
L = 16 x 180 sec. 16bit FITS.
R = 12 x 180 sec. 16bit FITS.
G = 12 x 180 sec. 16bit FITS.
B = 12 x 180 sec. 16bit FITS.
Enhanced emission lines:
L-Pro used for Luminance (instead of default L filter).
OIII (496, 500nm)
H-beta (486nm)
NII (654, 658nm)
H-alpha (656nm)
SII (672nm)
Infrared cut-off at 700-1100nm
Calibration Frames:
50 x Bias/Offset.
25 x Darks.
20 x Flats & Dark Flats.
Image Acquisition:
Sequence Generator Pro with the Mosaic and Framing Wizard.
Plate Solving:
Astrometry.net ANSVR Solver via SGP.
Processing:
Pre-Processing and Linear workflow in PixInsight,
and finished in Photoshop.
Astrometry Info:
View an Annotated Sky Chart for this image.
Center RA, Dec: 83.016, -68.786
Center RA, hms: 05h 32m 03.928s
Center Dec, dms: -68° 47' 07.835"
Size: 2.89 x 2.18 deg
Radius: 1.812 deg
Pixel scale: 6.51 arcsec/pixel
Orientation: Up is -93.3 degrees E of N
View this image in the view in World Wide Telescope.
Martin
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A wide field view of the Trifid Nebula, a star-forming region in the Scutum spiral arm of the Milky Way Galaxy. The Trifid Nebula (M20, Messier 20 or NGC 6514) is an H II region located in Sagittarius. It was discovered by Charles Messier on June 5, 1764. Its name means 'divided into three lobes'.
The object is an unusual combination of an open cluster of stars; an emission nebula (the red portion), a reflection nebula (the blue portion) and a dark nebula (the apparent 'gaps' within the emission nebula that cause the trifurcated appearance; these are also designated Barnard 85).
About this image:
A few short 2 minute ISO 3200 exposures, imaged in the rural dark skies of the Waterberg, Limpopo Province, South Africa.
About the Star Colors:
You will notice that star colors differ from red, orange and yellow, to blue. This is an indication of the temperature of the star's Nuclear Fusion process. This is determined by the size and mass of the star, and the stage of its life cycle. In short, the blue stars are hotter, and the red ones are cooler.
Gear:
GSO 6" f/4 Imaging Newtonian Reflector Telescope.
Baader Mark-III MPCC Coma Corrector.
Astronomik CLS Light Pollution Filter.
Orion StarShoot Autoguider.
Celestron AVX Mount.
QHYCCD PoleMaster.
Celestron StarSense.
Canon 60Da DSLR.
Tech:
Guiding in Open PHD 2.6.1.
Image acquisition in Sequence Generator Pro.
Lights/Subs: 15 x 120 sec. ISO 3200 CFA FIT Files.
Calibration Frames:
30 x Bias
30 x Darks
Pre-Processing and Linear workflow in PixInsight,
and finished in Photoshop.
Astrometry Info:
nova.astrometry.net/user_images/1164842#annotated
Martin
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NGC 6334 (also known as the Cat's Paw Nebula, Bear Claw Nebula and Gum 64) is an emission nebula and star-forming region 5,500 light-yeas away in the constellation Scorpius. It was discovered by astronomer John Herschel in 1837, who observed it from the Cape of Good Hope in South Africa.
Emission nebulae are glowing clouds of interstellar gas which have been excited by some nearby energy source, usually a very hot star. The red light seen in this picture is glowing hydrogen captured in the Hydrogen-Alpha (Hα) Infrared wavelength of light at 656nm.
About this image:
2 minute ISO 3200 exposures, imaged in the rural dark skies of the Waterberg, Limpopo Province, South Africa.
Star Colors:
You will notice that star colors differ from red, orange and yellow, to blue. This is an indication of the temperature of the star's Nuclear Fusion process. This is determined by the size and mass of the star, and the stage of its life cycle. In short, the blue stars are hotter, and the red ones are cooler.
Gear:
GSO 6" f/4 Imaging Newtonian Reflector Telescope.
Baader Mark-III MPCC Coma Corrector.
Astronomik CLS Light Pollution Filter.
Orion StarShoot Autoguider.
Celestron AVX Mount.
QHYCCD PoleMaster.
Celestron StarSense.
Canon 60Da DSLR.
Tech:
Guiding in Open PHD 2.6.1.
Image acquisition in Sequence Generator Pro.
Lights/Subs: 15 x 120 sec. ISO 3200 CFA FIT Files.
Calibration Frames:
30 x Bias
30 x Darks
Pre-Processing and Linear workflow in PixInsight, and finished in Photoshop.
Astrometry Info:
nova.astrometry.net/user_images/1156498#annotated
RA, Dec center: 259.794674057, -35.8560064566 degrees
Orientation: 0.919617580021 deg E of N
Pixel scale: 5.29428727941 arcsec/pixel
Martin
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[Home Page] [Photography Showcase] [My Free Photo App]
[Flickr Profile] [Facebook] [Twitter] [My Science & Physics Page]
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From Locoal-Mendon (Brittany)
Orion 10" f/3.9, HDX110 EQ-G, Unfiltered EOS 500D, ST80, SSAG
Acquisition : Astro Photography Tool, PHD Guiding
Processing : PixInsight
Addition of 60 images (60x300s, ISO800, f/3.9)
FoV : 1°17'x51'
This is a widefield version of this area in Cygnus. It was taken at a veeery dark site in N. Michigan, this years trip to the Two-hearted River. Here are the particulars:
25 x 6mins, ISO 800, f5.6
Canon XSi, UV/IR Blocker Baader mod
Sigma 24-60mm @60mm
Astronomik CLS Clip-in
Acquired with Backyard EOS
Processed with DSS and CS2
Mounted on a Losmandy GM-8 mount and guided using PHDguide through an AT72ED scope
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A two panel wide-field mosaic of the Blue Horsehead Nebula (IC 4592), a faint reflection nebula in the constellation Scorpius. The nebula is lit by the multiple Star System Nu Scorpii.
Gear:
William Optics Star 71mm f/4.9 Imaging APO Refractor Telescope.
QHY163M Sensor cooled to -20°C.
Technical Card:
Integration Time: 24 hours total (12 hours / panel)
L = 6 hours / panel (Binning 1x1)
R = 2 hours / panel (Binning 2x2)
G = 2 hours / panel (Binning 2x2)
B = 2 hours / panel (Binning 2x2)
Calibration frames:
Bias, Darks & Flats.
Image Acquisition:
Guiding in Open PHD.
Image acquisition in Sequence Generator Pro.
Plate Solving in Platesolve 2 via SGP Framing & Mosaic Wizzard.
Processing:
Pre-Processing and Linear workflow in PixInsight,
and finished in Photoshop.
Martin
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Original image:
The Milky Way's Neighbor.
Taken with an inexpensive Soligor 350mm/f5.6 lens on a very good Losmandy clock drive mount with Phd guiding software. 60 minutes total exposure time.
Nell'emisfero boreale i mesi di fine inverno e primaverili sono la stagione delle galassie per noi astrofili.
Purtroppo però è anche il periodo di maggiore instabilità meteorologica, e proprio quest'anno nei mesi tra febbraio e aprile il cielo è stato spesso coperto o molto nuvoloso durante la notte.
Quando la situazione meteo è migliorata mi sono dedicato ai gruppi di galassie e in questo caso alla galassia "M106", conosciuta anche con la sigla "NGC 4258", e dintorni. Infatti nel campo inquadrato si trovano molte altre galassie tra le quali "NGC 4217", "NGC 4220", "NGC 4248", "NGC 4231" e "NGC 4232".
Per cercare di contrastare l'Inquinamento luminoso (Bortle 5-6) ho utilizzato il filtro Astronomik CLS, che non m ha aiutato molto a causa dell'illuminazione a LED. Quindi le 13h di integrazione non sono bastate per gestire bene soprattutto il background, che per essere accettabile mi ha costretto a scurirlo oltremodo. Ho fatto del mio meglio con gli strumenti a disposizione raggiungendo un discreto risultato
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In the Northern Hemisphere, the late winter and spring months are the galaxy season for us amateur astronomers.
Unfortunately, however, it is also the period of greatest meteorological instability, and this year in the months between February and April the sky was often overcast or very cloudy during the night.
When the weather situation improved I dedicated myself to galaxy groups and in this case to the galaxy "M106", also known by the acronym "NGC 4258", and its surroundings. In fact, in the field of view there are many other galaxies including "NGC 4217", "NGC 4220", "NGC 4248", "NGC 4231" and "NGC 4232".
To try to counteract light pollution (Bortle 5-6) I used the Astronomik CLS filter, which did not help me much due to the LED lighting. So the 13 hours of integration were not enough to manage well especially the background, which to be acceptable forced me to darken it excessively. I did my best with the tools available achieving a decent result.
by Google translator
Optic: APO Refractor Askar 103APO + 0.6X
Camera: ZWO ASI533MC-Pro
Mount: Sky Watcher HEQ5 Synscan
Seeing: 4-5 (scala Antoniadi)
Filter: Astronomik CLS+ SVbony UV-IR cut
-262x180s 250gain /23 dark /21 flat / 18 darkflat /80 bias (CLS)
t° sensor: -10°C
Date: 30/04/2025, 1-2-3/05/2025
Integration: 13h 6min
Temperature: 12°C (media)
location for : Biancavilla -Catania-(Italy) 515m slm (Bortle 5-6)
Acquisition: NINA, PHDGuiding
Processing: DSS, SIRIL, PS, GraXpert.
Stellar magnitude > 20th (GAIA-DR3).
From Locoal-Mendon (Brittany)
TS-Optics 10" f/4 UNC, HDX110 EQ-G, ZWO ASI2600MC, ST80, SSAG
Acquisition : NINA, PHD Guiding
Processing : PixInsight
Addition of 60 images (60x300s, Gain:100, Offset:1, f/4)
FoV : 43'x29'
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dumbbell_Nebula
Instagram: @vincent.bchm
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Over the past year or so, I have had serious autoguiding issues with my setup. I had suspected that it was soemthing to do with my Serial cable adapter that sits between the laptop, which runs PHD Guiding, and the Celestron CGEM hand controller on my mount. So, I purchased an Orion Star Shoot AutoGuider (SSAG) which connects directly into the autoguiding port on the CGEM mount itself.
Installation of the SSAG drivers was fairly straightforward. I also downloaded the newer version of PHDGuiding (PHD2) which, I must say, has a slicker interface and a lot more options to explore.
So, before the moon came up last night I set up at a local dark sky spot and tried it out. After spending an hour-and-a-half wondering why nothing was working and finally figuring out that I had plugged the SSAG guide cable into the wrong port, the system worked flawlessly. I ran a test of several 5 minute exposures on M42, with this image being the result. No fancy processing here, just a few test captures to make sure my guiding was back on track.
The SSAG camera is great. Sensitive, love plugging directly into the guide port on my mount, and just super easy to use. I'm looking forward to getting back out there this year and shooting some more stuff!
NGC 1499 - California Nebula
This is my first finished astrophotography product. Taken from Lake Lawtonka, OK on December 3rd.
Details:
-Camera: modified Canon 450D
-Scope: Orion 80 ED refractor
-Mount: Orion Atlas EQ-G
-Guiding: Orion StarShoot Autoguider on Orion ST 80 with PHD Guiding software
-Exposure: 16 x 5 mins at ISO 800. 80 mins total exposure
-12 dark frames
-25 flat frames
-Calibrated, Aligned, and Stacked in Images Plus.
-Digital Development in Images Plus
-Levels, Curves, Color Enhancement, GradientXTerminator, Noise Ninja, and Sharpening in Photoshop CS4.
-Mount Control via EQMOD and Cartes du Ciel
-Camera Control via Images Plus
The Veil Nebula (part of it).
I used an unmodified Canon 5D, and I'm pretty unimpressed with the length of integration necessary to get this much of an image. Maybe it's time to look into a modified dSLR to capture more of the Hydrogen-alpha light. Although, I'm pretty happy with the amount of detail (check out the large view).
32 x 4 minute @ ISO1600
stacked in Deep Sky Stacker
Canon 5D through an Orion ED80
Autoguided with a Meade DSI Pro through an Orion ST80 using PHDGuiding
Celestron CG5 mount
The Crescent Nebula, also known as NGC 6888 is an emission nebula in the constellation Cygnus, it is approximately 5000 light years from earth.
The Image consists of:
33x5Min ISO 1600 RGB Image
35x5Min ISO 1600 HA on Red Channel Only
17 Dark Frames
53 Flat Frames for HA
53 Flat frames for RGB
Equipment used:
Canon 500D Modified and Cooled Imaging Camera
QHY5 CCD Autoguider
Astro-Tech AT8RC Imaginc Scope
Skywatcher NEQ6Pro GEM Mount
Software used for Image Acquisition:
Imaging: BackyardEOS (www.backyardeos.com)
Guiding: PHDGuide
Processing:
Nebulosity 2 for Preliminary Dark Frame and Flat Frame subtraction and stacking
Photoshop CS5 for post processing and stretching for both the RGB Image and HA Image, Photoshop was also used to merge the HA Data into the red channel of the RGB Image
Noise Ninja for Noise Reduction
The review method assists our editors to make a decision on what to publish and how to publish, and it assures that the excellence and reliability of the papers and of the journal itself. The reviewer must recognize any fault in the paper and offer useful advice to the authors so that they can progress their work before publication. Other researchers in the field of research offer this service to you when they review papers you have written, and as a great knowledged member of the scientific research community, every researcher should respond by reviewing the research papers in return. Additionally, peer review can offer another reimbursement such as keeping you on current progress in the field of research and awareness of the latest research consequences before they are published.
PhD research topics in commerce, computer science, management, English literature, marketing, education Pdf, political science in India, education and more.
My DIY dual axis auto guide barn door tracker for Astrophotography, can auto guide in both RA and DEC axis using PHD Guiding software, it is controlled by an Arduino Uno wired up to two small stepper motors, and is interfaced to my laptop via an Ascom driver and USB cable.
The Triangulum Galaxy is a spiral galaxy approximately 3 million light years from Earth
The Triangulum Galaxy is the third-largest member of the Local Group of galaxies, which includes the Milky Way Galaxy, the Andromeda Galaxy.
Image consists of:
43x10Min @ISO 800, 29 Darks and 40 Flats
Imaging Camera: Canon 500D Cooled to -20 Degrees C
Guide Camera: QHY5
Imaging Scope: Astro-Tech AT8RC
Mount: Skywatcher NEQ6Pro
Image Acquisition: BackyardEOS (www.backyardeos.com)
Guide Software: PHDGuide
Pre-Processing and Stacking: Nebulosity 2
Post Processing and Combining of HA: Photoshop CS5, Noise Ninja
Orion 10" f/3.9, HDX110 EQ-G, Unfiltered EOS 500D, ST80, SSAG
Acquisition: Astro Photography Tool, PHD Guiding
Processing: PixInsight
Addition of 49 images (49x300s, ISO800, f/3.9)
FoV : 1°15'x49'
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This region is located in the constellation Orion. The bright star that is center left in the picture is Alnitak, the bottom star in the Belt of Orion.
22 x 10mins, @ISO 1600
20 Darks, Dark Flats, Flats, Bias( Median Combined )
Stacked in DSS, Final Adjustments in PS2
Canon 350XT modified, w/ Astronomik 13na Ha Filter
W.O. Zenithstar 105mm, @ f/7
Guided Using PHDguide/ Orion SS Autoguider / Orion ST 80mmm / Losmandy GM-8 Mount
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Date: 3 July 2011
Location: Mt Pinos, CA (34°48'48" N 119°07'35" W 2545 m)
Exposure: 7x5 minutes @ ISO 1600
Telescope: Takahashi FSQ 106ED @ f/3.65
Camera: Canon 50DH (IDAS UV/IR filter)
Guider: Starfish camera on a William Optics ZenithStar 80 ED and PhD Guiding software
Comments: Comprised of NGC6960, NGC6974, NGC6979, NGC6992, NGC6995, and IC1340.
About the Nebula:
The Elephant's Trunk Nebula is a concentration of interstellar gas and dust with-in the much larger ionized gas region IC 1396 (located in the constellation Cepheus), about 2,400 light-years away from Earth.
Reprocessing old data:
I don't often do this, but decided to reprocess old data from 2017 in the SHO Palette (SII, Hα & OIII). IC 1396 was imaged on my first "budget friendly" Telescope (a 6" GSO Newtonian Astrograph). This was one of my first attempts at Narrowband Astrophotography, and the data that I captured back then was less than ideal, but a nice challenge to process. It is all part of the never ending lifelong learning experience.
I would like to revisit the IC 1396 region again, and image the very interesting surrounding structure with my wide-field APO Refractor Telescope. It is interesting to look back and see what you've learnt (which is why I've always kept my old learning images as a record).
Wavelengths of the Electromagnetic Spectrum of Light:
Hydrogen-Alpha (656.3nm)
Oxygen-III (500.7nm)
Sulfur-II (672.4nm)
Astrometry Info:
Center RA, Dec: 323.737, 57.633
Center RA, hms: 21h 34m 56.951s
Center Dec, dms: +57° 37' 59.617"
Size: 46.8 x 60.6 arcmin
Radius: 0.638 deg
Pixel scale: 2.02 arcsec/pixel
Orientation: Up is 269 degrees E of N
View an Annotated Sky Chart of this image.
View this image in the WorldWideTelescope.
Processing:
Pre-Processing and Linear workflow in PixInsight, and finished in Photoshop (Starnet++ was also handy).
Martin
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Original image:
Thesis Data Analysis is not just the act of analyzing data with the help of statistical tools and application of a few tests. It is the complete process, starting with data collection, to data cleaning and arrangement. It ends with the interpretation of the results of the tests and simplification of the same for presentation.
Usually, research methods can be broadly classified into two categories. There are applied research methodology and fundamental research methods. Read more...
They said it was SIMPLE - it was to to get this far in ten minutes.
1- download, install PHD program.
2- attach a non-discript USB webcam to computer (cost $10 at fair)
3- got lucky in selecting camera in PHD menu.
See next steps in next three photos.
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Can't wait to try on scope and stars.
I see a possible problem with exposure times, but happy for now.
Camera is Centrix / NetFlex Cam - "8 M pixel - 3200x2400"
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Screen10-01_599Cr
Made this setup to measure stability of optical system between SCT and guide scope.
Guide scope focuser was improved 4/4/11.
I like this new arrangement, as plate can be switched between Springfield and CGEM mounts quickly.
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Clouds cut testing short till next week, Capella shot was only one made.
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Autoguiding will be added to SCT's normal Springfield mount soon www.flickr.com/photos/edhiker/sets/72157624186145557/
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IMG_1331SCr
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Date: 9 September 2007
Location: Mt Pinos, CA (34°48'48" N 119°07'35" W 2545 m)
Exposure: 4x10 minutes @ ISO 1600
Telescope: ZenithStar 105 ED @ f/5.6
Camera: Canon 20Da
Guider: Starfish camera on a William Optics ZenithStar 80 ED and PhD Guiding software
Comments: Next time I need to use my FSQ 106ED at f/3.65 to get more of the nebula.
Date: 3 August 2008
Location: Mt Pinos, CA (34°48'48" N 119°07'35" W 2545 m)
Exposure: 8x5 minutes @ ISO 1600
Telescope: Celestron C14 @ f/11
Camera: Canon 20Da
Guider: Starfish camera on a William Optics ZenithStar 80 ED and PhD Guiding software
The galaxy M33 is found in the constellation Triangulum. It is 3.0 million lightyears away from the Planet Earth. It can be viewed with binoculars from a darksky site as a "Fuzzy Gray Patch".
16 x 10mins, @ISO 1600
20 Darks, Dark Flats, Flats, Bias
Stacked in DSS, Final Adjustments in PS2
Canon 350XT modified, w/ Astronomik CLS Filter
W.O. Zenithstar 105mm, @ f/7
Guided Using PHDguide/ Orion SS Autoguider / Orion ST 80mmm / Losmandy GM-8 Mount
Date: 12 August 2007
Location: Mt Pinos, CA (34°48'48" N 119°07'35" W 2545 m)
Exposure: 6x5 minutes @ ISO 1600
Telescope: ZenithStar 105 ED @ f/7
Camera: Canon 20Da
Guider: Starfish camera on a William Optics ZenithStar 80 ED and PhD Guiding software
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Date: 12 August 2007
Location: Mt Pinos, CA (34°48'48" N 119°07'35" W 2545 m)
Exposure: 6x5 minutes @ ISO 1600
Telescope: ZenithStar 105 ED @ f/7
Camera: Canon 20Da
Guider: Starfish camera on a William Optics ZenithStar 80 ED and PhD Guiding software
Date: 15 July 2007
Location: Mt Pinos, CA (34°48'48" N 119°07'35" W 2545 m)
Exposure: 4x5 minutes @ ISO 1600
Telescope: Celestron C14 @ f/11
Camera: Canon 20Da
Guider: Starfish camera on a Celestron C102 and PhD Guiding software
I was testing MaxIm DL and despite a definite degree of added complexity over Nebulosity2+PHDGuiding+DSS, the overall experience was pretty convincing, especially when cycling thru filters for an almost even amount of light per channel during the night.
Here's the result of almost seven hours of total exposure (L 100 min, Ha 120min, RGB 60 min each) shows the glowing hydrogen nebulae in and around the relatively bright galactic disk.
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Inexpensive webcam purchased from RadioShack used as camera feeding PHD autoguiding program which sends tracking corrections to CGEM telescope mount.
X-Y platform under guide scope is used to place guide star on webcam imager with help of its own finder scope (square box). I would use those three screw rings only as a last resort, so a few days later, they were tossed, with the rest of this complicated stuff in favor of two "L" shaped extrusions with slotted holes, as in www.flickr.com/photos/edhiker/6295565182/
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Click on tag "Shack" for how autoguider was made.
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