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A.R. Penck
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Eduard Richter (born October 3, 1847 in Mannersdorf am Leithagebirge , Lower Austria; † February 6, 1905 in Graz , Styria) was an Austrian geographer, historian, glacier researcher and alpinist.
Life
Richter grew up in Wiener Neustadt , the home of his mother and the home of his maternal grandparents after his father, a lawyer and imperial administrator, died in 1848.
In 1866 he began studying German at the University of Vienna . In 1867 he was bought out of military service by his mother, finished his studies in German and began studying history and geology. In 1869, Theodor von Sickel (1826–1908) obtained admission to the kk Institute for Austrian Historical Research , of which Richter was a full member until 1871. In 1870 he passed the teaching qualification in geography and history for middle school. In 1870/71 he prepared for the institute examination , for which a kind of dissertation ( institute work ) had to be submitted on a freely chosen topic. Richter, completely uninfluenced by Sickel, made the Austrian possessions of the Freising diocese the subject of a historical-geographical study, which was applauded by the supervisors who examined it. Albert Jäger (1801–1891), the founder of the Institute for Austrian Historical Research, encouraged the subject to complete his habilitation in Austrian history . Since the prospects for this subject did not seem favorable at the time and Sickel, whose help would have been crucial, behaved coldly and negatively on the matter , Richter did not consider the habilitation process any further and also refrained from applying for a doctorate . He turned to the more modest but secure career of a high school teacher and, through the intervention of Friedrich Simony (1813–1896), with whom he had already studied geology, was a high school professor in Salzburg from 1871 (until 1886) . Eduard Richter was a member of the Viennese fraternity Silesia .
From 1883 to 1885 Richter chaired the Salzburg Alpine Club section and was president of the central committee of the DÖAV . After Richter had made up for his doctorate (from the Faculty of Philosophy) in July 1885, which he had missed in 1871 , he was appointed full professor of geography at the University of Graz on February 6, 1886 - and in a big ceremony on April 17, 1886 from Salzburg adopted. In 1886 he was elected a member of the Leopoldina .
In 1898/99 Eduard Richter was rector of the University of Graz, from 1898 to 1900 he was president of the International Glacier Commission, and in 1902 he became a full member of the Austrian Academy of Sciences .
Richter devoted himself primarily to the geomorphology of the high mountains and lake science, and worked in glaciology (glacier research) . Among other things, he calculated the size of 1,012 glaciers in the Eastern Alps and created a kind of glacier lexicon. He gave impetus to founding the glacier measurement service in the Alpine Association. [6] He led the preparatory work for the “Historical Atlas of the Austrian Alpine Countries”, which he was entrusted with publishing by the Academy of Sciences. The first volume, Salzburg, Oberösterreich, Steiermark , appeared a year after his death. [8th]
In 1872, Eduard Richter married Juli von Frey, the only daughter from Carl von Frey's marriage to his wife Anna Gugg and owner of the Freyschlössl . However, Juli von Frey died in 1873 when her daughter was born. In 1877 he married Luise Seefeldner († 1913), and this marriage produced three daughters, including: his daughter Bertha (1881–1970), who married the historian Leo Santifaller in Bolzano in the 1920s and presented a series of onomastic studies, especially on the Ladin Dolomite region.
Works (selection)
Climbing the Rothorn and Birnhorn in the Bernhorn (Marchant) group near Frohnwies. In: Journal of the German Alpine Club / Journal of the German and (of) the Austrian Alpine Club , year 1872, (Volume III), pp. 107–111, 1st department. (online at ANNO ).
—, Johann Stüdl : I. The Great Venice from Gschlöss. In: Journal of the German and Austrian Alpine Club , year 1872, (Volume III), pp. 276–281. (Online at ALO ),
II. Schlieferspitze. In: Journal of the German and Austrian Alpine Club , year 1872, (Volume III), pp. 281–286,
III. Order of leadership in Prägraten. In: Journal of the German and Austrian Alpine Club , year 1872, (Volume III), pp. 286–291,
IV. Umbalthal and Dreiherrenspitze. In: Journal of the German and Austrian Alpine Club , year 1872, (Volume III), pp. 292–299,
V. Attempt on the Daberspitze and ascent of the Röthspitze (Welitz). In: Journal of the German and Austrian Alpine Club , year 1872, (Volume III), pp. 299–307,
VI. Climbing the Hochgall. In: Journal of the German and Austrian Alpine Club , year 1872, (Volume III), pp. 307–316.
The glacier phenomenon. Popular contribution to the geography of the Alps. (With five illustrations). In: Journal of the German Alpine Club / Journal of the German and (of) the Austrian Alpine Club , year 1874, (Volume V), pp. 1–52, 1st department. (online at ANNO ).
The war in Tyrol in 1809. Contributions to the history and geography of the Alps. II. (With an overview map). In: Journal of the German Alpine Club / Journal of the German and (of) the Austrian Alpine Club , year 1875, (Volume VI), pp. 166–234, 1st department. (online at ANNO ).
600 heights in the Duchy of Salzburg. According to the results of the mapping of the country carried out from 1871-74. In: Announcements from the Society for Salzburg Regional Studies , born in 1876, (Volume XVI), pp. 40–62. (online at ANNO ).
Literature report. In: Announcements from the Society for Salzburg Regional Studies , born in 1876, (Volume XVI), pp. 196–206. (online at ANNO ).
Historical geography as a subject of teaching . In: Program of the Imperial-Royal State High School in Salzburg , Salzburg 1877, OBV .
Studies on the special map of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. 1:75,000. Contributions to the history and geography of the Alps III. With 2 panels. (No. III and IV.). In: Journal of the German Alpine Club / Journal of the German and (of) the Austrian Alpine Club , year 1877, (Volume VIII), pp. 45–60. (online at ANNO ).
On the history of the Vernago glacier. Contributions to the history and geography of the Alps. IV. . In: Journal of the German Alpine Club / Journal of the German and (of) the Austrian Alpine Club , year 1877, (Volume VIII), pp. 164–168. (online at ANNO ).
The finds on the Dürenberg near Hallein. In: Announcements from the Society for Salzburg Regional Studies , year 1879, (Volume XIX), pp. 184–191. (online at ANNO ).
The finds on the Dürenberg near Hallein. II. Addendums. In: Announcements from the Society for Salzburg Regional Studies , year 1880, (Volume XX), pp. 91–96. (online at ANNO ).
The Saracens in the Alps. Contributions to the history and geography of the Alps V. In: Journal of the German Alpine Club / Journal of the German and (of) the Austrian Alpine Club , year 1880, (Volume XI), pp. 221–229. (online at ANNO ).
Karrenfeld am Untersberg (drawing, plate 6). In: Journal of the German Alpine Club / Journal of the German and (of) the Austrian Alpine Club , year 1880, (Volume XI), p. 176/1. (online at ANNO ).
The Duchy of Salzburg , Vienna 1881 (reproduction of the 1881 edition: Vienna 1998, OBV ).
List of locations where prehistoric and Roman objects were found in the Duchy of Salzburg. (With a card). In: Announcements from the Society for Salzburg Regional Studies , year 1881, (Volume XXI), pp. 90–97. (online at ANNO ).
An old landslide in the Salzach Valley. Contributions to the history and geography of the Alps VI. With a sketch map. In: Journal of the German Alpine Club / Journal of the German and (of) the Austrian Alpine Club , year 1882, (Volume XIII), pp. 260–265. (online at ANNO ).
The Salzburg Traditional Codices of the Xth and XI. century. II: Version and legal content of the acts contained in the Salzburg Traditional Codes . In: Communications from the Institute for Austrian Historical Research , Vienna 1882, OBV .
Observations on the glaciers of the Eastern Alps. The Obersulzbach Glacier 1880–82. In: Journal of the German Alpine Club / Journal of the German and (of) the Austrian Alpine Club , year 1883, (Volume XIV), pp. 38–92. (online at ANNO ). – Plate 1 , Plate 2 , Plate 3 .
Observations on the glaciers of the Eastern Alps. II. The glaciers of the Oetzthaler Group in 1883. In: Journal of the German Alpine Club / Journal of the German and (of) the Austrian Alpine Club , year 1885, (Volume XVI), pp. 54–65. (online at ANNO ).
The Alps according to HA Daniel 's description , Leipzig 1885, OBV .
Albrecht Penck , —: The state of Berchtesgaden. In: Journal of the German Alpine Club / Journal of the German and (of) the Austrian Alpine Club , year 1885, (Volume XVI), pp. 217–218. (online at ANNO ). – Associated map of the Berchtesgadner Alps, sheet IV. , p. 7, pictures
The Berchtesgadener Land. II. The condition of the population and its historical development. In: Journal of the German Alpine Club / Journal of the German and (of) the Austrian Alpine Club , year 1885, (Volume XVI), pp. 266–298. (online at ANNO ).
Studies on the historical geography of the former Bishopric of Salzburg and its neighboring areas , Innsbruck 1885, OBV .
To the hundred-year memory of Franz Thaddäus Kleimayrn's Juvavia. 1784–1884. In: Announcements from the Society for Salzburg Regional Studies , year 1885, (Volume XXV), pp. 1–13, self-published. Announcements. (online at ANNO ).
Are the Alps the most beautiful mountains on earth? In: Announcements from the German and Austrian Alpine Club , year 1885, (Volume XI), p. 1 f. (Online at ALO ).
The landslide at the Bocca di Brenta. In: Announcements from the German and Austrian Alpine Club , year 1885, (Volume XI), p. 72 f. (Online at ALO ).
—, H(ans) Stöckl: The V. International Alpine Congress in Turin. In: Announcements from the German and Austrian Alpine Club , year 1885, (Volume XI), p. 205 f. (Online at ALO ).
Snow line and snow patch region. In: Announcements from the German and Austrian Alpine Club , year 1887, (Volume XIII), p. 49 f. (Online at ALO ).
Cartographic forays. In: Announcements from the German and Austrian Alpine Club , year 1887, (Volume XIII), p. 111 ff. (Online at ALO ).
Observations on the glaciers of the Eastern Alps. III. The Karlinger Glacier 1880–1886. With a map, plate 1 (right: plate 2). In: Journal of the German Alpine Club / Journal of the German and (of) the Austrian Alpine Club , year 1888, (Volume XIX), pp. 35–37. (online at ANNO ). – Plate 2, map above .
Observations on the glaciers of the Eastern Alps. IV. The Obersulzbach Glacier 1885–1887. With a map, plate 2. In: Journal of the German Alpine Club / Journal of the German and (of) the Austrian Alpine Club , year 1888, (Volume XIX), pp. 37–41. (online at ANNO ). – Plate 2, map below .
The glaciers of the Eastern Alps , Stuttgart 1888, OBV .
Settlement types in the high Alps. In: Announcements from the German and Austrian Alpine Club , year 1888, (Volume XIV), p. 65 f. (Online at ALO ).
†Ludwig Steub. In: Announcements from the German and Austrian Alpine Club , year 1888, (Volume XIV), p. 77 f. (Online at ALO ).
The completion of the special map of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. (Part One). In: Communications from the German and Austrian Alpine Club , year 1889, (Volume XV), pp. 2–5. (Online at ALO ). The completion of the special map of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. (Part II and conclusion). In: Announcements from the German and Austrian Alpine Club , year 1889, (Volume XV), p. 19 f. (Online at ALO ).
The glacier eruption in the Martello Valley and its return. In: Announcements from the German and Austrian Alpine Club , year 1889, (Volume XV), p. 231 ff. (Online at ALO ).
The remedies against eruptions of ice lakes. In: Communications from the German and Austrian Alpine Club , year 1889, (Volume XV), pp. 291–295. (Online at ALO ).
Annual overviews of the scientific literature on the Alps. I. 1886–1888. In: Journal of the German Alpine Club / Journal of the German and (of) the Austrian Alpine Club , year 1889, (Volume XX), pp. 504–528. (online at ANNO ).
Annual overviews of the scientific literature on the Alps. II. 1886–1889. In: Journal of the German Alpine Club / Journal of the German and (of) the Austrian Alpine Club , year 1890, (Volume XXI), pp. 467–487. (online at ANNO ).
The reservoir seen from a bird's eye view (drawing). In: S. (di Sebastian) Finsterwalder: The glacier eruptions of the Martell Thales. In: Journal of the German Alpine Club / Journal of the German and (of) the Austrian Alpine Club , year 1890, (Volume XXI), p. 25. (online at ANNO ).
A program for lake research. In: Communications from the German and Austrian Alpine Club , year 1890, (Volume XVI), pp. 115–118. (Online at ALO ).
History of the fluctuations of the Alpine glaciers. In: Journal of the German Alpine Club / Journal of the German and (of) the Austrian Alpine Club , year 1891, (Volume XXII), pp. 1–74. (online at ANNO ).
A history of the development of the Eastern Alps. In: Announcements from the German and Austrian Alpine Club , year 1891, (Volume XVII), p. 35 f. (Online at ALO ).
From the introduction to “Development of the Eastern Alps”. In: Announcements from the German and Austrian Alpine Club , year 1892, (Volume XVIII), p. 123 ff. (Online at ALO ).
Report on the fluctuations of the glaciers in the Eastern Alps 1888–1892. In: Journal of the German Alpine Club / Journal of the German and (of) the Austrian Alpine Club , year 1893, (Volume XXIV), pp. 473–485. (online at ANNO ).
— (Red.): The development of the Eastern Alps , Berlin 1893–94, OBV .
—, Franz Martin Mayer: Geography textbook for the lower classes of middle schools , Vienna/Prague 1893–1905, OBV .
Scientific research into the Eastern Alps since the founding of the Austrian and German Alpine Associations. In: Journal of the German Alpine Club / Journal of the German and (of) the Austrian Alpine Club , year 1894, (Volume XXV), pp. 1–94. (online at ANNO ).
Th. Trautwein †. In: Announcements from the German and Austrian Alpine Club , year 1894, (Volume XX), p. 169 f. (Online at ALO ).
Tourism in the Austrian Alpine countries 1892. In: Communications from the German and Austrian Alpine Association , year 1894, (Volume XX), p. 248 f. (Online at ALO ).
— (ed.), Albrecht Penck (ed.): Atlas of the Austrian Alpine Lakes , Vienna 1895–96, OBV .
Lake Wörther . Map designed by E. Richter. Eduard Hölzl, Vienna 1895, OBV .
Establishment of a hydrographic service in Austria. In: Announcements from the German and Austrian Alpine Club , year 1895, (Volume XXI), p. 58 f. (Online at ALO ).
Morphology of the earth's surface. In: Announcements from the German and Austrian Alpine Club , year 1895, (Volume XXI), p. 67 f. (Online at ALO ).
From Norway. In: Journal of the German Alpine Club / Journal of the German and (of) the Austrian Alpine Club , year 1896, (Volume XXVII), pp. 1–25. (online at ANNO ).
The observatory on Mont Blanc. In: Announcements from the German and Austrian Alpine Club , year 1896 (Volume XXII), p. 95 f. (Online at ALO ).
† Friedrich Simony. In: Announcements from the German and Austrian Alpine Club , year 1896 (Volume XXII), pp. 174 f. (Online at ALO ).
Sea studies. Explanations for the second delivery of the Atlas of the Austrian Alpine Lakes , Vienna 1897, OBV .
School atlas for high schools, secondary and commercial schools, teacher training institutes and other higher educational institutions , Vienna/Prague 1898, OBV .
The alpenglow. In: Announcements from the German and Austrian Alpine Club , year 1897, (Volume XXIII), p. 6. (Online at ALO ).
† Anton v. Ruthner. In: Announcements from the German and Austrian Alpine Club , year 1897, (Volume XXIII), p. 287 f. (Online at ALO ).
Heinrich Noë's last writing. In: Communications from the German and Austrian Alpine Club , year 1898, (Volume XXIV), p. 181. (Online at ALO ).
Prof. E. Richter on: “The pleasure in the beauty of the landscape”. In: Announcements from the German and Austrian Alpine Club , year 1898, (Volume XXIV), p. 283 f. (Online at ALO ).
Mountain uplift and valley formation. In: Journal of the German Alpine Club / Journal of the German and (of) the Austrian Alpine Club , year 1899, (Volume XXX), pp. 18–27 (online at ANNO ).
The limits of geography. Speech given at the inauguration as Rector Magnificus of the Imperial and Royal Karl Franzens University in Graz on November 4, 1899 , Graz 1899, OBV .
About the driving forces of mountaineering. In: Announcements from the German and Austrian Alpine Club , year 1903, (Volume XXIX), p. 53 ff. (Online at ALO ).
Construction and image of Austria. In: Announcements from the German and Austrian Alpine Club , year 1904, (Volume XXX), p. 108 f. (Online at ALO ).
Districts and tax communities in the state of Salzburg . Treatises on the historical atlas of the Austrian Alpine countries, Volume 3. Vienna 1907, OBV .
Salzburg, Upper Austria, Styria . Explanations for the historical atlas of the Austrian Alpine countries. Dept. 1, The regional court map, part 1. 2nd edition. S.l. 1917, OBV .
Awards, honors
Knight's Cross 1st Class of the Order of the Zähringer Lion (1885) [11]
Full member of the Imperial and Royal Academy of Sciences (1902) [11]
kk Hofrat (1904) [12]
The highest point on Salzburg's Mönchsberg has been named Richterhöhe since 1905 .
Streets in Mannersdorf, Graz and Weiz were named after him
Literature
G. Müller: Judge Eduard. In: Austrian Biographical Lexicon 1815–1950 (ÖBL). Volume 9, Publishing House of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna 1988, ISBN 3-7001-1483-4 , p. 122 f. (Direct links on p. 122 , p. 123 ).
Georg A. Lukas: Eduard Richter . In: Alfred Hettner (ed.), Heinrich Schmitthenner , Albert Kolb: Geographical Journal . Volume 12.1906. B. G. Teubner, Leipzig 1906 ( detailed obituary )
Karl Heinz Ritschel : Salzburg: Grace and Power , Otto Müller Verlag 2005, ISBN 3-7013-1098-X
HW ( ie Hans Widmann): Dr. Edward Richter. In: Announcements from the Society for Salzburg Regional Studies , born in 1905, (Volume XLV), pp. 16–21, Ges.-affairs. (online at ANNO ). – Obituary.
A(lbrecht) Penck : † Eduard Richter. In: Announcements from the German and Austrian Alpine Club , year 1905, (Volume XXXI), p. 29 ff. (Online at ALO ).
Georg A. Lukas: Eduard Richter - his life and his work . Tauber, Graz 1905, OBV . – Obituary including a complete list of Richter’s printed writings.
Guido Müller: Richter, Eduard Johann. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 21, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 2003, ISBN 3-428-11202-4 , p. 525 ( digital copy ).
They are three this season leaders and the first boy and father are "Gorldoarul"
this photo add to CMC pool
Someone had to go with the flames and Fuchs does them proud. the fire is abstracted away from a standard custom paint job with it's angular abstracted forms but stil pays homage to the style, with the underlying contrasting blue scalloping diamond scales which you'll see more of in the detail shots after this one. There's a dark pagan undertone with an abstracted hare jumping through the flames on the bonnett. This car is evil and it knows it.