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Orbiculoidea doria (Hall, 1863) inarticulate brachiopod & Aulopora sp. corals encrusting a Megastrophia brachiopod from the Devonian of Ohio, USA. (Dave Mielke collection; temporary public display, Ohio Geological Survey, Columbus, Ohio, USA)
The dark brown object is Orbiculoidea, an inarticulate brachiopod that is encrusting a strophomenid brachiopod from Ohio's famous Silica Formation, a richly fossiliferous unit. The encrusters to the right of the Orbiculoidea are auloporids, a group of extinct tabulate corals. Auloporids consist of calcareous colonies of hard substrate-encrusting, trumpet-shaped corallites. They first appear in the Ordovician and go extinct in the Permian.
Classification of inarticulate: Animalia, Brachiopods, Inarticulata, Lingulata, Linguliida, Disciniidae
Classification of corals: Animalia, Cnidaria, Anthozoa, Tabulata, Auloporidae
Classification of host brachiopod: Animalia, Brachiopoda, Articulata (also known as Rhynchonelliformea), Strophomenida, Strophodontidae
Stratigraphy: Silica Formation (also known as the Silica Shale), Givetian Stage, upper Middle Devonian
Locality: quarry northwest of the town of Paulding, northern Paulding County, northwestern Ohio, USA (41° 10' 52.55" North latitude, 84° 37' 19.32" West longitude)
Paulding Exempted Village Schools 23 - 1997 Blue Bird TC/2000 FE - Retired; Cardinal Bus Sales - Lima, Ohio
Merlin Entertainments Orlando Eye, International Drive, Orlando, Florida - 7th November 2014 (Photographer: Nigel G. Worrall)
During the construction site tour, James Paulding, General Manager of New Openings North America, provided insight on the expansion of Merlin Entertainments into central Florida including these must-see attractions, and updates on the LEGOLAND Florida Hotel. Also attending the event is John Stine, Director of Marketing for I-Drive 360, providing updates on the development. Explore the three new attractions coming to Orlando – The Orlando Eye, Madame Tussauds, and Sea Life Orlando Aquarium.
Thank you to our event sponsors:
UK & Trade and Investment: www.gov.uk/ukti
AFEX: www.afex.com/unitedstates
Orlando City Soccer Club: www.orlandocitysc.com
Tavistock Group: www.tavistock.com
Aston Martin: www.astonmartinorlando.com
Jaguar: www.jaguarorlando.com
Merlin Entertainments: www.merlinentertainments.biz
Madame Tussauds: www.madametussauds.com/Orlando/
Orlando Sealife Aquarium: www.visitsealife.com/orlando/
Legoland: www.florida.legoland.com
The Orlando Eye: www.officialorlandoeye.com
iDrive 360: www.i-drive360.com
Whitish gray = calcite (CaCO3)
Brown = dolostone
Lustrous blackish-yellowish-reddish masses at center = sphalerite (ZnS)
A mineral is a naturally-occurring, solid, inorganic, crystalline substance having a fairly definite chemical composition and having fairly definite physical properties. At its simplest, a mineral is a naturally-occurring solid chemical. Currently, there are over 6100 named and described minerals - about 200 of them are common and about 20 of them are very common. Mineral classification is based on anion chemistry. Major categories of minerals are: elements, sulfides, oxides, halides, carbonates, sulfates, phosphates, and silicates.
The sulfide minerals contain one or more sulfide anions (S-2). The sulfides are usually considered together with the arsenide minerals, the sulfarsenide minerals, and the telluride minerals. Many sulfides are economically significant, as they occur commonly in ores. The metals that combine with S-2 are mainly Fe, Cu, Ni, Ag, etc. Most sulfides have a metallic luster, are moderately soft, and are noticeably heavy for their size. These minerals will not form in the presence of free oxygen. Under an oxygen-rich atmosphere, sulfide minerals tend to chemically weather to various oxide and hydroxide minerals.
Sphalerite is a somewhat common zinc sulfide mineral (ZnS). It has a metallic to submetallic to resinous to adamantine luster. Many metals can substitute for the zinc, such as iron, cadmium, and manganese. Sphalerite almost always has some iron in it, so a better chemical formula would be (Zn,Fe)S. Sphalerite has a wide color range, depending principally on iron content. Pure to almost pure sphalerite is whitish to greenish. With increasing iron content, sphalerite becomes yellowish to brownish to blackish. One variety of sphalerite has a strikingly intense dark red color (ruby sphalerite). Its streak color also varies with iron content from whitish to pale yellowish to brownish. Sphalerite is also distinctive in being moderately heavy for its size and having six different planes of cleavage.
Sphalerite is the most important zinc ore mineral. Zinc produced from sphalerite is used for many purposes, including mixing with copper to produce brass, rust protection of iron & steel, and for making modern American pennies.
Stratigraphy: loose block likely derived from the Lucas Dolomite, upper Detroit River Group, Devonian
Locality: Auglaize Quarry (= Shelly Company, Stoneco's Auglaize Facility), southeast of the town of Junction, northeastern Paulding County, northwestern Ohio, USA (41° 10' 27.83" North latitude, 84° 25' 19.75" West longitude)
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Photo gallery of sphalerite:
Rock gypsum from the Devonian of Ohio, USA.
Sedimentary rocks form by the solidification of loose sediments. Loose sediments become hard rocks by the processes of deposition, burial, compaction, dewatering, and cementation.
There are three categories of sedimentary rocks:
1) Siliciclastic sedimentary rocks form by the solidification of sediments produced by weathering & erosion of any previously existing rocks.
2) Biogenic sedimentary rocks form by the solidification of sediments that were once-living organisms (plants, animals, micro-organisms).
3) Chemical sedimentary rocks form by the solidification of sediments formed by inorganic chemical reactions. Most sedimentary rocks have a clastic texture, but some are crystalline.
Rock gypsum (also known as gyprock) is a chemical sedimentary rock. It is an example of an evaporite - it forms by the evaporation of water (usually seawater) and the precipitation of dissolved minerals. Rock salt & rock gypsum often occur together in evaporitic successions. Rock gypsum is composed of the mineral gypsum (CaSO4·2H2O - hydrous calcium sulfate). Heating of gypsum or rock gypsum drives off the water, leaving only calcium sulfate behind (the mineral anhydrite). Adding water to anhydrite results in the formation of gypsum again.
Rock gypsum, unlike rock salt, does not have a salty taste, and is softer (H = 2) - it can be scratched with a fingernail. Rock gypsum’s color is often a mottled whitish-light grayish-light brownish. It is usually microcrystalline and powdery looking (it’s much finer-grained than typical rock salt deposits). Rock gypsum superficially resembles chalk. Chalk is calcitic, and so will bubble in acid - rock gypsum does not bubble in acid. Rock gypsum samples vary from extremely friable to moderately solid.
Stratigraphy: attributed to the Lucas Formation, Middle Devonian
Locality: undisclosed site in Paulding County (likely a quarry), northwestern Ohio, USA
Funding for this Carnegie library was granted on July 13, 1912 in the form of $40,000. It stands at 205 South Main Street, and is claimed to be the first Carnegie library to serve an entire county. The building was placed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984.
The building was designed by Howard & Merriam using a Beaux-Arts style.
Paulding is a small northwestern Ohio county seat, located to the east of Fort Wayne.
Strophodonta fossil brachiopod with encrusting Aulopora corals from the Devonian of Ohio, USA. (Dave Mielke collection; temporary public display, Ohio Geological Survey, Columbus, Ohio, USA)
Auloporids are a group of extinct tabulate corals. They consist of calcareous colonies of hard substrate-encrusting, trumpet-shaped corallites. They first appear in the Ordovician and go extinct in the Permian. The auloporids seen here are encrusting a strophomenid brachiopod from Ohio's famous Silica Formation, a richly fossiliferous unit.
Classification of corals: Animalia, Cnidaria, Anthozoa, Tabulata, Auloporidae
Classification of brachiopod: Animalia, Brachiopoda, Articulata (also known as Rhynchonelliformea), Strophomenida, Strophodontidae
Stratigraphy: Silica Formation (also known as the Silica Shale), Givetian Stage, upper Middle Devonian
Locality: quarry northwest of the town of Paulding, northern Paulding County, northwestern Ohio, USA (41° 10' 52.55" North latitude, 84° 37' 19.32" West longitude)
This structure, located behind the small trailer unit post office in Paulding, was erected around the turn of the 19th century by the Pauly Jail Company of Missouri. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in the 1990s and had deteriorated greatly since that time.
Paulding is one of two county seats for Jasper County.
Masonic Temple, corner of South Main Street and East Perry Street, Paulding, Ohio. It's not clear if this building is still in use, but it certainly looks in fine shape.
Located in Rose Hill Cemetery in Ardmore, Oklahoma, this World War I Monument was designed by John Paulding and is specifically dedicated to the Lieutenant Walter W. Drew. For more information about this statue and Mr. Paulding, please see this website: doughboysearcher.weebly.com/john-pauldings-doughboys.html
Stylolite from the Devonian of Ohio, USA. (cross-section view)
This striated feature is a stylolite, a pressure dissolution feature that frequently has the appearance of a hospital EKG reading in cross-section view. These occur in carbonate rocks (limestones, dolostones, marbles), especially in or near orogenic belts.
Stratigraphy: attributed to the Lucas Formation, Middle Devonian
Locality: undisclosed site in Paulding County (likely a quarry), northwestern Ohio, USA
Whitish gray = calcite (CaCO3)
Brown = dolostone
Lustrous blackish-yellowish-reddish masses at center = sphalerite (ZnS)
A mineral is a naturally-occurring, solid, inorganic, crystalline substance having a fairly definite chemical composition and having fairly definite physical properties. At its simplest, a mineral is a naturally-occurring solid chemical. Currently, there are over 6100 named and described minerals - about 200 of them are common and about 20 of them are very common. Mineral classification is based on anion chemistry. Major categories of minerals are: elements, sulfides, oxides, halides, carbonates, sulfates, phosphates, and silicates.
The sulfide minerals contain one or more sulfide anions (S-2). The sulfides are usually considered together with the arsenide minerals, the sulfarsenide minerals, and the telluride minerals. Many sulfides are economically significant, as they occur commonly in ores. The metals that combine with S-2 are mainly Fe, Cu, Ni, Ag, etc. Most sulfides have a metallic luster, are moderately soft, and are noticeably heavy for their size. These minerals will not form in the presence of free oxygen. Under an oxygen-rich atmosphere, sulfide minerals tend to chemically weather to various oxide and hydroxide minerals.
Sphalerite is a somewhat common zinc sulfide mineral (ZnS). It has a metallic to submetallic to resinous to adamantine luster. Many metals can substitute for the zinc, such as iron, cadmium, and manganese. Sphalerite almost always has some iron in it, so a better chemical formula would be (Zn,Fe)S. Sphalerite has a wide color range, depending principally on iron content. Pure to almost pure sphalerite is whitish to greenish. With increasing iron content, sphalerite becomes yellowish to brownish to blackish. One variety of sphalerite has a strikingly intense dark red color (ruby sphalerite). Its streak color also varies with iron content from whitish to pale yellowish to brownish. Sphalerite is also distinctive in being moderately heavy for its size and having six different planes of cleavage.
Sphalerite is the most important zinc ore mineral. Zinc produced from sphalerite is used for many purposes, including mixing with copper to produce brass, rust protection of iron & steel, and for making modern American pennies.
Stratigraphy: loose block likely derived from the Lucas Dolomite, upper Detroit River Group, Devonian
Locality: Auglaize Quarry (= Shelly Company, Stoneco's Auglaize Facility), southeast of the town of Junction, northeastern Paulding County, northwestern Ohio, USA (41° 10' 27.83" North latitude, 84° 25' 19.75" West longitude)
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Photo gallery of sphalerite:
Petrocrania hamiltoniae (Hall, 1860) - inarticulate brachiopods encrusting a Mediospirifer? brachiopod from the Devonian of Ohio, USA. (Dave Mielke collection; temporary public display, Ohio Geological Survey, Columbus, Ohio, USA)
The two discoidal objects seen here are craniid brachiopods encrusting a spiriferid brachiopod from Ohio's famous Silica Formation, a richly fossiliferous unit.
Classification of inarticulates: Animalia, Brachiopods, Inarticulata, Craniata, Craniida, Craniidae
Classification of host brachiopod: Animalia, Brachiopoda, Articulata (also known as Rhynchonelliformea), Spiriferida, Spinocyrtiidae
Stratigraphy: Silica Formation (also known as the Silica Shale), Givetian Stage, upper Middle Devonian
Locality: quarry northwest of the town of Paulding, northern Paulding County, northwestern Ohio, USA (41° 10' 52.55" North latitude, 84° 37' 19.32" West longitude)
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See info. at:
Destroyer crews watching some activity on USS Paulding DD-22 during WWI, the two closest ships are unknown.
Orbiculoidea doria (Hall, 1863) inarticulate brachiopod & Aulopora sp. corals encrusting a Megastrophia brachiopod from the Devonian of Ohio, USA. (Dave Mielke collection; temporary public display, Ohio Geological Survey, Columbus, Ohio, USA)
The dark brown object is Orbiculoidea, an inarticulate brachiopod that is encrusting a strophomenid brachiopod from Ohio's famous Silica Formation, a richly fossiliferous unit. The encrusters to the right of the Orbiculoidea are auloporids, a group of extinct tabulate corals. Auloporids consist of calcareous colonies of hard substrate-encrusting, trumpet-shaped corallites. They first appear in the Ordovician and go extinct in the Permian.
Classification of inarticulate: Animalia, Brachiopods, Inarticulata, Lingulata, Linguliida, Disciniidae
Classification of corals: Animalia, Cnidaria, Anthozoa, Tabulata, Auloporidae
Classification of host brachiopod: Animalia, Brachiopoda, Articulata (also known as Rhynchonelliformea), Strophomenida, Strophodontidae
Stratigraphy: Silica Formation (also known as the Silica Shale), Givetian Stage, upper Middle Devonian
Locality: quarry northwest of the town of Paulding, northern Paulding County, northwestern Ohio, USA (41° 10' 52.55" North latitude, 84° 37' 19.32" West longitude)
Located on the grounds of the Yamhill County Courthouse in McMinnville, this statue by sculptor John Paulding is one of three such World War I memorials in Oregon.
Petroleum in a favositid fossil coral in the Devonian of Ohio, USA.
Corals are essentially sea anemones (polyps) that make a skeleton, which is usually mineralized. Most corals are colonial, but some are solitary. This particular fossil is a favositid, or "honeycomb coral", an extinct group of tabulate corals.
The black areas are petroleum. Hydrocarbons have migrated into fractures and other porous areas of the coral. This specimen is in a quarry in northwestern Ohio, which had a significant petroleum system that was heavily exploited in the late 1800s. Ohio used to be the # 1 petroleum exporter in the world!
Classification: Animalia, Cnidaria, Anthozoa, Tabulata, Favositidae
Stratigraphy: Dundee Limestone, Middle Devonian
Locality: quarry northwest of the town of Paulding, northern Paulding County, northwestern Ohio, USA (41° 10' 52.55" North latitude, 84° 37' 19.32" West longitude)
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See info. at:
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Favosites
and
The structure seen here is a stylolite, a pressure dissolution feature that frequently has the appearance of a hospital EKG reading. These occur in many limestones, dolostones, and some marbles, especially in or near orogenic belts.
Stratigraphy: loose block derived from the Dundee Limestone or Lucas Dolomite, Devonian
Locality: Auglaize Quarry (= Shelly Company, Stoneco's Auglaize Facility), southeast of the town of Junction, northeastern Paulding County, northwestern Ohio, USA (41° 10' 27.83" North latitude, 84° 25' 19.75" West longitude)
Legend--indians not happy about railroad...engineer gets out to look at track one night...injun chops off his head. Ghost comes back everynight with lantern...ohhhhhh....spooky....the bright dot at the end of the "road" is the Paulding Light in Watersmeet, MI . The light does flash on and off intermittantly...Unsolved Mysteries the FBI and various other geeks, I mean scientists have studied it and have no explanation...I say it's a Yooper with a flashlight...
Located at the southern corner of the Connecticut Street Armory at the intersection of Niagara and Connecticut streets, this monument was erected in 1922.
Please refer to this website for more information on the Paulding Doughboy statues located around the nation: doughboysearcher.weebly.com/e-m-viquesney-vs-john-pauldin...
Buffalo is the second largest city in New York with a metropolitan population of roughly 1.2 million (in 2020). It serves as the seat of Erie County, and is situated at the head of the Niagara River at the eastern end of Lake Erie.
Located in a small city park across the street from the Freeburg post office
For more information regarding this statue, please refer to this website: doughboysearcher.weebly.com/the-doughboy-war-viquesney-vs...
Very dark reddish brown = sphalerite (ZnS)
Brown = dolostone
A mineral is a naturally-occurring, solid, inorganic, crystalline substance having a fairly definite chemical composition and having fairly definite physical properties. At its simplest, a mineral is a naturally-occurring solid chemical. Currently, there are over 6100 named and described minerals - about 200 of them are common and about 20 of them are very common. Mineral classification is based on anion chemistry. Major categories of minerals are: elements, sulfides, oxides, halides, carbonates, sulfates, phosphates, and silicates.
The sulfide minerals contain one or more sulfide anions (S-2). The sulfides are usually considered together with the arsenide minerals, the sulfarsenide minerals, and the telluride minerals. Many sulfides are economically significant, as they occur commonly in ores. The metals that combine with S-2 are mainly Fe, Cu, Ni, Ag, etc. Most sulfides have a metallic luster, are moderately soft, and are noticeably heavy for their size. These minerals will not form in the presence of free oxygen. Under an oxygen-rich atmosphere, sulfide minerals tend to chemically weather to various oxide and hydroxide minerals.
Sphalerite is a somewhat common zinc sulfide mineral (ZnS). It has a metallic to submetallic to resinous to adamantine luster. Many metals can substitute for the zinc, such as iron, cadmium, and manganese. Sphalerite almost always has some iron in it, so a better chemical formula would be (Zn,Fe)S. Sphalerite has a wide color range, depending principally on iron content. Pure to almost pure sphalerite is whitish to greenish. With increasing iron content, sphalerite becomes yellowish to brownish to blackish. One variety of sphalerite has a strikingly intense dark red color (ruby sphalerite). Its streak color also varies with iron content from whitish to pale yellowish to brownish. Sphalerite is also distinctive in being moderately heavy for its size and having six different planes of cleavage.
Sphalerite is the most important zinc ore mineral. Zinc produced from sphalerite is used for many purposes, including mixing with copper to produce brass, rust protection of iron & steel, and for making modern American pennies.
Stratigraphy: loose block likely derived from the Lucas Dolomite, upper Detroit River Group, Devonian
Locality: Auglaize Quarry (= Shelly Company, Stoneco's Auglaize Facility), southeast of the town of Junction, northeastern Paulding County, northwestern Ohio, USA (41° 10' 27.83" North latitude, 84° 25' 19.75" West longitude)
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Photo gallery of sphalerite:
A little spoof I did for my fellow locals here in the cities of Dallas and Hiram (Paulding County) Georgia. With love to them and CSI.
A species of Lobelia, probably Downy Lobelia (Lobelia puberula). Pickett's Mill Battlefield State Historic Site, Paulding County, Georgia.
Onaga is located in northern Pottawatomie County.
Please follow this link to find out more about the Paulding Doughboy statues around the country: doughboysearcher.weebly.com/the-doughboy-war-viquesney-vs...
This monument was designed by John Paulding and it was dedicated in 1922 in front of Knoxville High School in downtown Knoxville, Tennessee.
To find out more about this monument please refer to this website: doughboysearcher.weebly.com/the-doughboy-war-viquesney-vs...
John Paulding became the best-known of the three men who captured John André in Tarrytown, NY, thereby discovering the surrender of West Point to the British by Benedict Arnold. A statue with his likeness sits atop the Captor's Monument in Tarrytown.
This courthouse is noteworthy for its distinctive Ozark stonework. The building was originally constructed in 1871, but was expanded and remodeled in 1936 as a Works Progress Administration (WPA) project. It is a classic example of regional vernacular style, that would fit seamlessly in any northern Arkansas or southern Missouri county seat.
The Carter County Courthouse was designed by the firm of Heckenlively & Mark, and it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2022.
The Carter County WWI Monument on the courthouse grounds was sculpted by John Paulding, and was erected in 1921. It is considered a contributing object to the courthouse's National Register listing.
Wording on the base:
Citizen, lawyer, statesman, historian
Born on a Paulding County farm Feb. 15, 1851
Died in Dallas Georgia, May 17, 1926
His life was largely given to the service of his people of his home county as justice of the peace, deputy sheriff, representative of his county in the state legislature for forty years. Judge of the Tallapoosa Circuit for eight years. Postmaster of Brownsville, GA. Also chairman of the board of trustees of the town of Dallas for twelve years.
Judge Bartlett was an active mason. At the grand lodge of Georgia in Oct. 1902. He was selected as one of the trustees to build the Masonic home at Macon. The Bartlett Lodge of Hiram, GA was names for him. He was made a Mason in 1874 at Douglasville, GA and created a noble of the Mystic Shrine in 1897, being a member of Yaarab Temple Atlanta, GA
Image from the O.B. Workman Collection, held by Bowling Green State University; used courtesy of Ohio Memory. Date, photographer, and precise location unknown.
Because of its level, poorly drained soil (note the puddles), Ohio's Great Black Swamp remained sparsely populated until the last decades of the nineteenth century, when ditching and tiling rendered the land arable.