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E-30 + 50-200mm SWD @ 117mm, f7.1, 1/10sec, -1.0EV, ISO100, tripod. 30 March 2011 @ 6:56PM (EXPLORE)
I feel this photo which I took at the Women’s Rally in Hartford, Connecticut this past winter is relevant now, especially in lieu of all the news this past week of Trump’s possible collusion with Russia in stealing our election for his own monetary gains.
ESP_062125_1975
Latitude (centered)
17.091°
Credit: HiRISE NASA/JPL University of Arizona
Longitude (East)
336.599°
A moment changes everything
When a moment, it changes everything
The summer sky is blushing pink
The heart is running out of sync (?)
Could this just be the day, I think
When anything is possible...
~David Gray
This is separate from the house and other outbuildings on the property.
I am not sure whether this is a man cave but it is rather shabby and, more important, has that bad-ass face on the gable.
I several more possible man caves in queue for posting.
I was asked a question about man caves in one of my recent posts. Here a Wiki post on the concept. I generally agree with most of what I read but know that there are areas of controversy. I am not interested in man caves that are in rooms of the house.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Man_cave#:~:text=The%20first%20know....
The infection of the fly begins when a fungal spore of Entomophthora muscae (Fly Death Fungus) lands on the fly's abdomen. This can be airborne or can also happen when the fly tries to mate with a fly already infected with the fungus. After only 24 hours the fungus reaches the fly’s brain. Within 72 hours, the fungus makes its way into nearly every part of the fly’s body, eating fat and other parts as it goes. It also starts to make its way into the nervous system. After 96 hours, the fungus totally takes over, causing the fly to ascend to a nearby high point, mostly on a flower or plant. Once that high point is reached, the fungus produces a glue-like substance that anchors the fly to its perch. After that the fly straightens its hind legs and opens its wings, a behaviour that ensures that the fungal spores are dispersed as widely as possible. The fly’s abdomen swells as fungal parts grow, which a little while later burst, ejecting spores into the air at a high rate of speed.
The cream / buff coloured bands on the fly's abdomen in my photos are the fungus itself.
Mark Joy 21.5.2018
Testing out Topaz DeNoise on some high ISO shots. I've always been one to use lowest ISO possible, but starting to up the ISO to get faster speed, now that good software is available to denoise. Topaz is working pretty well.
Lydd Ranges is a military firing range south of Lydd, in Kent, England. It extends as far as the coast.
It has been used for military training for over 150 years and is part of the Dungeness, Romney Marsh and Rye Bay Site of Special Scientific Interest.Because the range is used for live firing access is sometimes restricted - red flags are flown during these times, access is prohibited along the foreshore and Galloways Road. Also red lights are shown at restricted times due to poor weather. The Danger area extends out to sea and mariners sailing to and from Rye Harbour must pass south of the Stephenson Shoal to avoid it. Firing occurs about 300 days a year. When firing is not carried out, it may be possible to walk along a designated path along the shore
Please join the campaign, if you do not like the proposed new flickr layout.
Beta is a test preview of the change that is getting ready to be implemented soon. It can be for a limited group of flickr members, intended to seek feedback and correct faults ( if any), before it is made public.
Change is good and public has always welcomed good changes. The preference for Windows XP by most people even after the introduction of Vista is a classic example of public acceptance. The public liked and preferred the predecessor ( Windows XP ) and the follower ( Windows 7 and Windows 8 ) versions of Vista. A change is good and often gladly welcomed by public, if it provides more utilities and user friendliness, without depriving even a single advantage of the predecessor.
The Beta version is unacceptable to the majority of Flickr users* ( who happened to experience it ) , because it's not user friendly and has only disadvantages to mention. *Please check the Beta feedback : Completed / Top ideas / Hot ideas
The layout itself is a disaster. Please check : Try our new photo experience beta / Comment box
However they try, it's quite evident that it's impossible to provide more space for descriptions, comment box, and comments; not to mention comments with pictures , group invites / awards. The more they try to fix it, the more cumbersome it becomes. The buddy icons now appear as dots making the page more unaesthetic than what you see in the earlier pictures of beta . They are desperately trying to make it appealing and user friendly, which is literally impossible with the proposed layout .
It's a big challenge for the programmers to try find means to provide more space in a vertical column which is already cramped.
Is it possible to make a rugby stadium inside a 100 square feet ground ?
Want to know ? :
Why there is a sudden rise in views of your pictures ?
Why is Flickr slow now ?
My submission for the Recording Images group. This week’s theme is “strangers”. I don’t think I’ve done a great job of this, but it’s been one of those weeks where I didn’t get out to see enough people! Anyway, this will have to do for now.
Have a great Thursday.
Better on black - hit "L"
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All your comments and favourites are very much appreciated.
© Wan Mekwi 2012. Do not use without permission
"The day when it will be possible for a woman to love in her strength and not in her weakness, not to escape from herself but to find herself, not to renounce herself but to affirm herself, on that day love will become for her a source of life and not a mortal danger."
Way back (and I mean WAY BACK) in my existence there was certainly a fascination with how females looked. But, of course, that was an impossibility for me. There was simply no way!
But gradually, as I aged, it dawned on me that some sort of femulation was possible. And so, today, here I am.
So, to address my own question: Yes, sort of
“Wherever you go, go with all your heart.”
“We have two lives, and the second begins when we realize we only have one.”
Confucius
"Ovunque tu vada, vacci con tutto il tuo cuore."
"Abbiamo due vite e la seconda inizia quando ci rendiamo conto di averne solo una".
Confucio
……………………………………………………….
They are some photographic short stories, collected walking on the street ... in search of fleeting moments ...
are photographic shots taken a few days ago, from all media it is suggested to respect social distancing, the use of masks especially in closed places, washing hands or, if this is not possible, in any case disinfecting hands; very important tips, especially for news of new infections that come constantly both from Italy and from the rest of the world where the pandemic is at the highest levels ... .. as someone has said ... about our Italian beginning of summer .... the covid-19 virus is not goes on vacation .....
that are Confused-moved-blurred-imprecise-indecisive-shots ... the Anglo-Saxon term encompasses with one word this photographic genre with the term "blur", these photos were thus taken during the shooting phase, lengthening the exposure time, and not as an effect created subsequently, in retrospect, in post-production.
Sono queste alcune storie fotografiche minime, raccolte camminando per la strada ... alla ricerca di attimi fugaci s-fuggenti ...
sono scatti fotografici realizzati pochi giorni addietro, da più parti si suggerisce di rispettare il distanziamento sociale, l'uso delle mascherine soprattutto in luoghi chiusi, il lavarsi o comunque il disinfettarsi le mani ove ciò non sia possibile, suggerimenti importantissimi, soprattutto per le notizie di nuovi contagi che giungono costantemente sia dall'Italia, sia dal resto del mondo ove la pandemia “impazza”….. come qualcuno ha detto...a proposito di questo nostro inizio d'estate italiano....il virus covid-19 non va in vacanza.....
le foto sono Confuse-mosse-sfocate-imprecise-indecise...il termine anglosassone racchiude con una sola parola questo genere fotografico col termine "blur", quese foto sono state così realizzate in fase di scatto, allungando i tempi di esposizione, e non come un effetto creato successivamente, a posteriori, in post-produzione.
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click to activate the icon of slideshow: the small triangle inscribed in the small rectangle, at the top right, in the photostream;
clicca sulla piccola icona per attivare lo slideshow: sulla facciata principale del photostream, in alto a destra c'è un piccolo rettangolo (rappresenta il monitor) con dentro un piccolo triangolo nero;
www.worldphoto.org/sony-world-photography-awards/winners-...
www.fotografidigitali.it/gallery/2726/opere-italiane-segn...
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Voor € 29,95 kocht je in 2016 bij de Zeeman deze eenvoudige bohemian-chic bruidsjurk. De jurk met kanten bovenstuk en een rok van vier lagen, was in vier maten verkrijgbaar. Het lijfje is rekbaar en de rok extra lang, zodat het geschikt is voor een zo breed mogelijk publiek, ongeacht figuur of portemonnee.
For € 29.95 you could buy this simple bohemian-chic wedding dress at Zeeman in 2016. The dress with lace top and a four-layer skirt was available in four sizes. The bodice is stretchable and the skirt extra long, so that it is suitable for the widest possible audience, regardless of figure or budget.
Disclaimer— I am in NO WAY making money from this video. ALL rights go to the owner of the song. I really like it but I don’t want to use it because of the song and I don’t want to get copyright strikes put onto my YouTube account. Anyone know anything about copyright issues/things??
In 1982 it was still possible to “bunk round” depots and on 9th May 1982 I am doing just that my local depot, Toton. Amongst a line of Class 08 shunters stabled in the yard is 08021.
Locomotive History
08021 was originally 13029 and then later under the 1957 renumbering scheme D3029. It was built at Derby Works and entered traffic October 1953. For the first half of its career it was based in the West Midlands with its first Allocation being Tyseley. In August 1960 it transferred to Stourbridge Junction and then to Bescot when Stourbridge closed in April 1967. It transferred to Toton in July 1968 (one of the Class 10 replacements) where it remained until withdrawn in December 1986. Following withdrawal it has entered preservation and is the resident shunter at the Tyseley Locomotive Works, its first home in 1953.
Toton Diesel Shunter Allocation – 1967/68
In the 1950’s and early 1960’s British Railways built/purchased around two thousand diesel shunters which replaced considerably more steam shunting engines. By the middle of the 1960’s changing operating methods and the reducing size of the network lead to a surplus of diesel shunting locomotives. Withdrawal commenced with the classes containing only a few locomotives however as the surplus grew a start was made on the larger less reliable classes.
I first started visiting Toton MPD in the summer of 1966 and in November 1966 Toton MPD had an allocation of twenty five diesel shunters. Over the next two years this fleet would be totally replaced and was also reduced to fifteen locomotives. The diesel shunter allocation in November 1966 consisted of four types of locomotive:
Class D2/2 - (TOPS class 03) –204bhp diesel mechanical shunter built by Swindon and Doncaster works between 1957 - 1961
Class D3/3 – 350bhp diesel electric shunter (mechanically a class 08) fitted with a Crossley ESNT6 engine and Crompton Parkinson electrical equipment, built by Derby Works in 1955.
Class D3/4 - (TOPS class 10) –350bhp diesel electric shunter (mechanically a class 08) fitted with a Blackstone ER6T engine and GEC electrical equipment built by Darlington and Doncaster Works between 1953 and 1962.
Class D3/8 (TOPS class 11) - 350bhp diesel electric shunter (the prototype for the class 08) fitted with an English Electric 6KT engine and English Electric electrical equipment built at Derby Works between 1945 and 1952.
Those allocated were as follows
Class D2/2 (class03) – D2116
Class D3/3 – D3117 – D3126 (complete class)
Class D3/4 (class 10) – D3476/93/95/97-99, D3500-02, D3632
Class D3/8 (class 11) – 12038/55/63/82
Of note is D2116 which had officially arrived in September 1966 but despite regular visits at this time I can not personally ever recall seeing it at Toton.
The first change was the transfer of the four D3/8 locomotives in November/December 1966 (with 12038 going to Speke Junction and 12055/63/82 going to Crewe) and the withdrawal of four of the class D3/3 locomotives D3122-24/26. These were replaced by eight class D3/4 locomotives, D3446/47/48/49/50 from Peterborough, D3452/75 from Tinsley and D3473 from Doncaster.
In April 1967 a further class D3/3 locomotive was withdrawn D3121 and in July 1967 the remaining five class D3/3 locomotives D3117-20/25 were withdrawn.
In September 1967 the class D2/2 locomotive D2116 was transferred to Barrow
In November 1967 the first two class D3/2 (TOPS class 08) locomotives D3400/02 arrived from Cardiff
In December 1967 two further class D3/2 locomotives D3050 and D3997 arrived from Willesden and Bescot respectively as did two class D3/4 locomotives D3442/89 from Colwick however a start was made on withdrawing the D3/4 locomotives with the withdrawal of D3449.
So the situation at the end of 1967 was an allocation of twenty five diesel shunters (the same total as November 1966) of only two types:
Class D3/2 (class 08) - D3050, D3400/02, D3997
Class D3/4 (class 10) – D3442/46-50/52/73/75/76/89/93/95/97-99, D3500-02, D3632.
This was to be the high point as over the next nine months twenty of the class D3/4 locomotives were withdrawn with the remaining one D3497 being transferred to Colwick. As replacements eleven class D3/2 locomotives arrived, D3021/25/29/34/36/37 from Bescot, D3026 from Tyseley, D3039 from Derby and D3340/45/90 from the Scottish Region (Thornton Junction, Dunfermline and Eastfield respectively). One class D3/4 D3490 also arrived from Colwick but was withdrawn one month later.
So by September 1968 in less than two years the Toton diesel shunter allocation was totally replaced initially by additional class D3/4 (class 10) locomotives which were in turn quickly withdrawn and replaced by class D3/2 (class 08) locomotives. Also in the first nine months of 1968 the fleet was significantly reduced, being reduced from twenty five to fifteen locomotives as follows.
D3/2 (class 08) – D3021/25/26/29/34/36/37/39/50, D3340/45/90, D3400/02, D3997
As a young spotter this meant plenty of new “cops” on a regular basis.
Praktica LTL, Boots Colourslide 5
A pair of British Aerospace Jetstream 41's belonging to Aviation Défense Service based in Nimes, France visit Cork Airport on a training detail, 9th September 2022.
Many thanks to fellow flickr user @Corkspotter Paul Daly and all at Weston Aviation that made this airside visit possible.
Critical comments are welcome - Do not post YOUR PHOTOS , ICONS or GLITTERY IMAGES will be removed - Thank you
River Wear, river that rises near Wearhead in the county of Durham, England, and enters the North Sea at Sunderland. With headwaters in the Pennines, it flows through Weardale and once entered the sea in the vicinity of Hartlepool, but it was subsequently diverted northward. Durham city is built along the Wear, and its castle and cathedral stand 100 feet (30 metres) above the river on an incised meander (loop). From Bishop Auckland the river flows across coalfields, but coal mining had ceased by the end of the 20th century.
Stanhope is a market town and civil parish in the County Durham district, in the ceremonial county of Durham, England. It lies on the River Wear between Eastgate and Frosterley, in the north-east of Weardale. The main A689 road over the Pennines is crossed by the B6278 between Barnard Castle and Shotley Bridge. In 2001 Stanhope had a population of 1,633, in 2019 an estimate of 1,627, and a figure of 1,602 in the 2011 census for the ONS built-up-area which includes Crawleyside. In 2011 the parish population was 4,581.[4]
Stanhope parish is the largest parish area in England, at 85 square miles (221 km2) It has some land in common with the neighbouring Wolsingham civil parish. On 31 December 1894 "Stanhope Urban" parish was formed from part of Stanhope parish, but on 1 April 1937 it was merged back. In 1894 Stanhope became an urban district which contained Stanhope Urban parish, on 1 April 1937 the urban district was abolished and merged with Weardale Rural District. On 1 April 1946, 2,396 acres (969.6 ha) were transferred to the parish from Wolsingham. Stanhope Town Hall was completed in 1849.
Stanhope is surrounded by moorland in the North Pennines Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty (AONB) – the second largest of a current 40 such areas in England and Wales.
Features of interest include:
A petrified tree stump standing in the churchyard was found with two others, one of which features in the Great North Museum in Newcastle upon Tyne.
The Durham Dales Centre incorporates a tea room, tourist information and craft shops.
Stanhope Bridge, a scheduled monument, was built in the 15th century and widened in 1792.
The ford has a stepping-stone bridge for pedestrians.
The 18th-century Stanhope Castle in the town centre stands on the possible site of a medieval castle. It was built in 1798 by Cuthbert Rippon, MP for Gateshead.
The town has one of only two heated open-air swimming pools in the North East.
Stanhope was at the centre of the Weardale campaign (1327), when Sir James Douglas of Scotland invaded England and faced Edward III and Roger Mortimer, Earl of March. A series of skirmishes took place on the valley floor and in Stanhope Park.
The parish church dedicated to St Thomas is mostly from the 12th–13th centuries, with restoration in 1663 and 1867. The earliest known Rector was Richardus in 1200. Joseph Butler, later Bishop of Bristol, was Rector in 1725.
Stanhope Castle may be on the site of a motte and bailey castle according to some evidence from the 1790s. Furthermore, Bishop Anthony Bek granted land "to the west side of Stanhope castle". The present castle was built for Cuthbert Rippon (1744-1801) in 1798 with additions in 1823 by his son, also Cuthbert (1797–1867) and Member of Parliament for Gateshead. Ignatius Bonomi (1787–1870) was the architect. In 1941 the castle was adapted by the Home Office as a school for boys and remained so until 1980, when it was converted into apartments. Part of the gardens lie to the north of the castle across the main road, including the park wall and gazebo.
Stanhope Agricultural Show is held on the second weekend of September each year. It has been held annually since 1834, except in world-war years, the 2001 United Kingdom foot-and-mouth outbreak and times of bad weather.
Stanhope is the current terminus of the Weardale Railway, a heritage line operating mainly at weekends from Bishop Auckland, with stations at Frosterley, Wolsingham and Witton-le-Wear. Stanhope Station stood in for the fictional Partlington Station in an episode of the criminal drama series Vera.
Notable residents
Joseph Butler (1692–1752), theologian and cleric
William Greenwell (1820–1918), archaeologist and Anglican cleric, catalogued Late Bronze Age finds at Heathery Burn Cave near Stanhope in 1859–1872.
William Percival Crozier (1879–1944), scholar and journalist, edited the Manchester Guardian in 1932–1944.
Muriel Young (1923–2001), television continuity announcer, presenter and producer, died in Stanhope.
County Durham, officially simply Durham is a ceremonial county in North East England. The county borders Northumberland and Tyne and Wear to the north, the North Sea to the east, North Yorkshire to the south, and Cumbria to the west. The largest settlement is Darlington, and the county town is the city of Durham.
The county has an area of 2,721 km2 (1,051 sq mi) and a population of 866,846. The latter is concentrated in the east; the south-east is part of the Teesside built-up area, which extends into North Yorkshire. After Darlington (92,363), the largest settlements are Hartlepool (88,855), Stockton-on-Tees (82,729), and Durham (48,069). For local government purposes the county comprises three unitary authority areas—County Durham, Darlington, and Hartlepool—and part of a fourth, Stockton-on-Tees. The county historically included the part of Tyne and Wear south of the River Tyne, and excluded the part of County Durham south of the River Tees.
The west of the county contains part of the North Pennines uplands, a national landscape. The hills are the source of the rivers Tees and Wear, which flow east and form the valleys of Teesdale and Weardale respectively. The east of the county is flatter, and contains by rolling hills through which the two rivers meander; the Tees forms the boundary with North Yorkshire in its lower reaches, and the Wear exits the county near Chester-le-Street in the north-east. The county's coast is a site of special scientific interest characterised by tall limestone and dolomite cliffs.
What is now County Durham was on the border of Roman Britain, and contains survivals of this era at sites such as Binchester Roman Fort. In the Anglo-Saxon period the region was part of the Kingdom of Northumbria. In 995 the city of Durham was founded by monks seeking a place safe from Viking raids to house the relics of St Cuthbert. Durham Cathedral was rebuilt after the Norman Conquest, and together with Durham Castle is now a World Heritage Site. By the late Middle Ages the county was governed semi-independently by the bishops of Durham and was also a buffer zone between England and Scotland. County Durham became heavily industrialised in the nineteenth century, when many collieries opened on the Durham coalfield. The Stockton and Darlington Railway, the world's first public railway to use steam locomotives, opened in 1825. Most collieries closed during the last quarter of the twentieth century, but the county's coal mining heritage is remembered in the annual Durham Miners' Gala.
Remains of Prehistoric Durham include a number of Neolithic earthworks.
The Crawley Edge Cairns and Heathery Burn Cave are Bronze Age sites. Maiden Castle, Durham is an Iron Age site.
Brigantia, the land of the Brigantes, is said to have included what is now County Durham.
There are archaeological remains of Roman Durham. Dere Street and Cade's Road run through what is now County Durham. There were Roman forts at Concangis (Chester-le-Street), Lavatrae (Bowes), Longovicium (Lanchester), Piercebridge (Morbium), Vindomora (Ebchester) and Vinovium (Binchester). (The Roman fort at Arbeia (South Shields) is within the former boundaries of County Durham.) A Romanised farmstead has been excavated at Old Durham.
Remains of the Anglo-Saxon period include a number of sculpted stones and sundials, the Legs Cross, the Rey Cross and St Cuthbert's coffin.
Around AD 547, an Angle named Ida founded the kingdom of Bernicia after spotting the defensive potential of a large rock at Bamburgh, upon which many a fortification was thenceforth built. Ida was able to forge, hold and consolidate the kingdom; although the native British tried to take back their land, the Angles triumphed and the kingdom endured.
In AD 604, Ida's grandson Æthelfrith forcibly merged Bernicia (ruled from Bamburgh) and Deira (ruled from York, which was known as Eforwic at the time) to create the Kingdom of Northumbria. In time, the realm was expanded, primarily through warfare and conquest; at its height, the kingdom stretched from the River Humber (from which the kingdom drew its name) to the Forth. Eventually, factional fighting and the rejuvenated strength of neighbouring kingdoms, most notably Mercia, led to Northumbria's decline. The arrival of the Vikings hastened this decline, and the Scandinavian raiders eventually claimed the Deiran part of the kingdom in AD 867 (which became Jórvík). The land that would become County Durham now sat on the border with the Great Heathen Army, a border which today still (albeit with some adjustments over the years) forms the boundaries between Yorkshire and County Durham.
Despite their success south of the river Tees, the Vikings never fully conquered the Bernician part of Northumbria, despite the many raids they had carried out on the kingdom. However, Viking control over the Danelaw, the central belt of Anglo-Saxon territory, resulted in Northumbria becoming isolated from the rest of Anglo-Saxon Britain. Scots invasions in the north pushed the kingdom's northern boundary back to the River Tweed, and the kingdom found itself reduced to a dependent earldom, its boundaries very close to those of modern-day Northumberland and County Durham. The kingdom was annexed into England in AD 954.
In AD 995, St Cuthbert's community, who had been transporting Cuthbert's remains around, partly in an attempt to avoid them falling into the hands of Viking raiders, settled at Dunholm (Durham) on a site that was defensively favourable due to the horseshoe-like path of the River Wear. St Cuthbert's remains were placed in a shrine in the White Church, which was originally a wooden structure but was eventually fortified into a stone building.
Once the City of Durham had been founded, the Bishops of Durham gradually acquired the lands that would become County Durham. Bishop Aldhun began this process by procuring land in the Tees and Wear valleys, including Norton, Stockton, Escomb and Aucklandshire in 1018. In 1031, King Canute gave Staindrop to the Bishops. This territory continued to expand, and was eventually given the status of a liberty. Under the control of the Bishops of Durham, the land had various names: the "Liberty of Durham", "Liberty of St Cuthbert's Land" "the lands of St Cuthbert between Tyne and Tees" or "the Liberty of Haliwerfolc" (holy Wear folk).
The bishops' special jurisdiction rested on claims that King Ecgfrith of Northumbria had granted a substantial territory to St Cuthbert on his election to the see of Lindisfarne in 684. In about 883 a cathedral housing the saint's remains was established at Chester-le-Street and Guthfrith, King of York granted the community of St Cuthbert the area between the Tyne and the Wear, before the community reached its final destination in 995, in Durham.
Following the Norman invasion, the administrative machinery of government extended only slowly into northern England. Northumberland's first recorded Sheriff was Gilebert from 1076 until 1080 and a 12th-century record records Durham regarded as within the shire. However the bishops disputed the authority of the sheriff of Northumberland and his officials, despite the second sheriff for example being the reputed slayer of Malcolm Canmore, King of Scots. The crown regarded Durham as falling within Northumberland until the late thirteenth century.
Following the Battle of Hastings, William the Conqueror appointed Copsig as Earl of Northumbria, thereby bringing what would become County Durham under Copsig's control. Copsig was, just a few weeks later, killed in Newburn. Having already being previously offended by the appointment of a non-Northumbrian as Bishop of Durham in 1042, the people of the region became increasingly rebellious. In response, in January 1069, William despatched a large Norman army, under the command of Robert de Comines, to Durham City. The army, believed to consist of 700 cavalry (about one-third of the number of Norman knights who had participated in the Battle of Hastings), entered the city, whereupon they were attacked, and defeated, by a Northumbrian assault force. The Northumbrians wiped out the entire Norman army, including Comines, all except for one survivor, who was allowed to take the news of this defeat back.
Following the Norman slaughter at the hands of the Northumbrians, resistance to Norman rule spread throughout Northern England, including a similar uprising in York. William The Conqueror subsequently (and successfully) attempted to halt the northern rebellions by unleashing the notorious Harrying of the North (1069–1070). Because William's main focus during the harrying was on Yorkshire, County Durham was largely spared the Harrying.
Anglo-Norman Durham refers to the Anglo-Norman period, during which Durham Cathedral was built.
Matters regarding the bishopric of Durham came to a head in 1293 when the bishop and his steward failed to attend proceedings of quo warranto held by the justices of Northumberland. The bishop's case went before parliament, where he stated that Durham lay outside the bounds of any English shire and that "from time immemorial it had been widely known that the sheriff of Northumberland was not sheriff of Durham nor entered within that liberty as sheriff. . . nor made there proclamations or attachments". The arguments appear to have prevailed, as by the fourteenth century Durham was accepted as a liberty which received royal mandates direct. In effect it was a private shire, with the bishop appointing his own sheriff. The area eventually became known as the "County Palatine of Durham".
Sadberge was a liberty, sometimes referred to as a county, within Northumberland. In 1189 it was purchased for the see but continued with a separate sheriff, coroner and court of pleas. In the 14th century Sadberge was included in Stockton ward and was itself divided into two wards. The division into the four wards of Chester-le-Street, Darlington, Easington and Stockton existed in the 13th century, each ward having its own coroner and a three-weekly court corresponding to the hundred court. The diocese was divided into the archdeaconries of Durham and Northumberland. The former is mentioned in 1072, and in 1291 included the deaneries of Chester-le-Street, Auckland, Lanchester and Darlington.
The term palatinus is applied to the bishop in 1293, and from the 13th century onwards the bishops frequently claimed the same rights in their lands as the king enjoyed in his kingdom.
The historic boundaries of County Durham included a main body covering the catchment of the Pennines in the west, the River Tees in the south, the North Sea in the east and the Rivers Tyne and Derwent in the north. The county palatinate also had a number of liberties: the Bedlingtonshire, Islandshire and Norhamshire exclaves within Northumberland, and the Craikshire exclave within the North Riding of Yorkshire. In 1831 the county covered an area of 679,530 acres (2,750.0 km2) and had a population of 253,910. These exclaves were included as part of the county for parliamentary electoral purposes until 1832, and for judicial and local-government purposes until the coming into force of the Counties (Detached Parts) Act 1844, which merged most remaining exclaves with their surrounding county. The boundaries of the county proper remained in use for administrative and ceremonial purposes until the Local Government Act 1972.
Boldon Book (1183 or 1184) is a polyptichum for the Bishopric of Durham.
Until the 15th century, the most important administrative officer in the Palatinate was the steward. Other officers included the sheriff, the coroners, the Chamberlain and the chancellor. The palatine exchequer originated in the 12th century. The palatine assembly represented the whole county, and dealt chiefly with fiscal questions. The bishop's council, consisting of the clergy, the sheriff and the barons, regulated judicial affairs, and later produced the Chancery and the courts of Admiralty and Marshalsea.
The prior of Durham ranked first among the bishop's barons. He had his own court, and almost exclusive jurisdiction over his men. A UNESCO site describes the role of the Prince-Bishops in Durham, the "buffer state between England and Scotland":
From 1075, the Bishop of Durham became a Prince-Bishop, with the right to raise an army, mint his own coins, and levy taxes. As long as he remained loyal to the king of England, he could govern as a virtually autonomous ruler, reaping the revenue from his territory, but also remaining mindful of his role of protecting England’s northern frontier.
A report states that the Bishops also had the authority to appoint judges and barons and to offer pardons.
There were ten palatinate barons in the 12th century, most importantly the Hyltons of Hylton Castle, the Bulmers of Brancepeth, the Conyers of Sockburne, the Hansards of Evenwood, and the Lumleys of Lumley Castle. The Nevilles owned large estates in the county. John Neville, 3rd Baron Neville de Raby rebuilt Raby Castle, their principal seat, in 1377.
Edward I's quo warranto proceedings of 1293 showed twelve lords enjoying more or less extensive franchises under the bishop. The repeated efforts of the Crown to check the powers of the palatinate bishops culminated in 1536 in the Act of Resumption, which deprived the bishop of the power to pardon offences against the law or to appoint judicial officers. Moreover, indictments and legal processes were in future to run in the name of the king, and offences to be described as against the peace of the king, rather than that of the bishop. In 1596 restrictions were imposed on the powers of the chancery, and in 1646 the palatinate was formally abolished. It was revived, however, after the Restoration, and continued with much the same power until 5 July 1836, when the Durham (County Palatine) Act 1836 provided that the palatine jurisdiction should in future be vested in the Crown.
During the 15th-century Wars of the Roses, Henry VI passed through Durham. On the outbreak of the Great Rebellion in 1642 Durham inclined to support the cause of Parliament, and in 1640 the high sheriff of the palatinate guaranteed to supply the Scottish army with provisions during their stay in the county. In 1642 the Earl of Newcastle formed the western counties into an association for the King's service, but in 1644 the palatinate was again overrun by a Scottish army, and after the Battle of Marston Moor (2 July 1644) fell entirely into the hands of Parliament.
In 1614, a Bill was introduced in Parliament for securing representation to the county and city of Durham and the borough of Barnard Castle. The bishop strongly opposed the proposal as an infringement of his palatinate rights, and the county was first summoned to return members to Parliament in 1654. After the Restoration of 1660 the county and city returned two members each. In the wake of the Reform Act of 1832 the county returned two members for two divisions, and the boroughs of Gateshead, South Shields and Sunderland acquired representation. The bishops lost their secular powers in 1836. The boroughs of Darlington, Stockton and Hartlepool returned one member each from 1868 until the Redistribution of Seats Act 1885.
The Municipal Corporations Act 1835 reformed the municipal boroughs of Durham, Stockton on Tees and Sunderland. In 1875, Jarrow was incorporated as a municipal borough, as was West Hartlepool in 1887. At a county level, the Local Government Act 1888 reorganised local government throughout England and Wales. Most of the county came under control of the newly formed Durham County Council in an area known as an administrative county. Not included were the county boroughs of Gateshead, South Shields and Sunderland. However, for purposes other than local government, the administrative county of Durham and the county boroughs continued to form a single county to which the Crown appointed a Lord Lieutenant of Durham.
Over its existence, the administrative county lost territory, both to the existing county boroughs, and because two municipal boroughs became county boroughs: West Hartlepool in 1902 and Darlington in 1915. The county boundary with the North Riding of Yorkshire was adjusted in 1967: that part of the town of Barnard Castle historically in Yorkshire was added to County Durham, while the administrative county ceded the portion of the Borough of Stockton-on-Tees in Durham to the North Riding. In 1968, following the recommendation of the Local Government Commission, Billingham was transferred to the County Borough of Teesside, in the North Riding. In 1971, the population of the county—including all associated county boroughs (an area of 2,570 km2 (990 sq mi))—was 1,409,633, with a population outside the county boroughs of 814,396.
In 1974, the Local Government Act 1972 abolished the administrative county and the county boroughs, reconstituting County Durham as a non-metropolitan county. The reconstituted County Durham lost territory to the north-east (around Gateshead, South Shields and Sunderland) to Tyne and Wear and to the south-east (around Hartlepool) to Cleveland. At the same time it gained the former area of Startforth Rural District from the North Riding of Yorkshire. The area of the Lord Lieutenancy of Durham was also adjusted by the Act to coincide with the non-metropolitan county (which occupied 3,019 km2 (1,166 sq mi) in 1981).
In 1996, as part of 1990s UK local government reform by Lieutenancies Act 1997, Cleveland was abolished. Its districts were reconstituted as unitary authorities. Hartlepool and Stockton-on-Tees (north Tees) were returned to the county for the purposes of Lord Lieutenancy. Darlington also became a third unitary authority of the county. The Royal Mail abandoned the use of postal counties altogether, permitted but not mandatory being at a writer wishes.
As part of the 2009 structural changes to local government in England initiated by the Department for Communities and Local Government, the seven district councils within the County Council area were abolished. The County Council assumed their functions and became the fourth unitary authority. Changes came into effect on 1 April 2009.
On 15 April 2014, North East Combined Authority was established under the Local Democracy, Economic Development and Construction Act 2009 with powers over economic development and regeneration. In November 2018, Newcastle City Council, North Tyneside Borough Council, and Northumberland County Council left the authority. These later formed the North of Tyne Combined Authority.
In May 2021, four parish councils of the villages of Elwick, Hart, Dalton Piercy and Greatham all issued individual votes of no confidence in Hartlepool Borough Council, and expressed their desire to join the County Durham district.
In October 2021, County Durham was shortlisted for the UK City of Culture 2025. In May 2022, it lost to Bradford.
Eighteenth century Durham saw the appearance of dissent in the county and the Durham Ox. The county did not assist the Jacobite Rebellion of 1715. The Statue of Neptune in the City of Durham was erected in 1729.
A number of disasters happened in Nineteenth century Durham. The Felling mine disasters happened in 1812, 1813, 1821 and 1847. The Philadelphia train accident happened in 1815. In 1854, there was a great fire in Gateshead. One of the West Stanley Pit disasters happened in 1882. The Victoria Hall disaster happened in 1883.
One of the West Stanley Pit disasters happened in 1909. The Darlington rail crash happened in 1928. The Battle of Stockton happened in 1933. The Browney rail crash happened in 1946.
The First Treaty of Durham was made at Durham in 1136. The Second Treaty of Durham was made at Durham in 1139.
The county regiment was the Durham Light Infantry, which replaced, in particular, the 68th (Durham) Regiment of Foot (Light Infantry) and the Militia and Volunteers of County Durham.
RAF Greatham, RAF Middleton St George and RAF Usworth were located in County Durham.
David I, the King of Scotland, invaded the county in 1136, and ravaged much of the county 1138. In 17 October 1346, the Battle of Neville's Cross was fought at Neville's Cross, near the city of Durham. On 16 December 1914, during the First World War, there was a raid on Hartlepool by the Imperial German Navy.
Chroniclers connected with Durham include the Bede, Symeon of Durham, Geoffrey of Coldingham and Robert de Graystanes.
County Durham has long been associated with coal mining, from medieval times up to the late 20th century. The Durham Coalfield covered a large area of the county, from Bishop Auckland, to Consett, to the River Tyne and below the North Sea, thereby providing a significant expanse of territory from which this rich mineral resource could be extracted.
King Stephen possessed a mine in Durham, which he granted to Bishop Pudsey, and in the same century colliers are mentioned at Coundon, Bishopwearmouth and Sedgefield. Cockfield Fell was one of the earliest Landsale collieries in Durham. Edward III issued an order allowing coal dug at Newcastle to be taken across the Tyne, and Richard II granted to the inhabitants of Durham licence to export the produce of the mines, without paying dues to the corporation of Newcastle. The majority was transported from the Port of Sunderland complex, which was constructed in the 1850s.
Among other early industries, lead-mining was carried on in the western part of the county, and mustard was extensively cultivated. Gateshead had a considerable tanning trade and shipbuilding was undertaken at Jarrow, and at Sunderland, which became the largest shipbuilding town in the world – constructing a third of Britain's tonnage.[citation needed]
The county's modern-era economic history was facilitated significantly by the growth of the mining industry during the nineteenth century. At the industry's height, in the early 20th century, over 170,000 coal miners were employed, and they mined 58,700,000 tons of coal in 1913 alone. As a result, a large number of colliery villages were built throughout the county as the industrial revolution gathered pace.
The railway industry was also a major employer during the industrial revolution, with railways being built throughout the county, such as The Tanfield Railway, The Clarence Railway and The Stockton and Darlington Railway. The growth of this industry occurred alongside the coal industry, as the railways provided a fast, efficient means to move coal from the mines to the ports and provided the fuel for the locomotives. The great railway pioneers Timothy Hackworth, Edward Pease, George Stephenson and Robert Stephenson were all actively involved with developing the railways in tandem with County Durham's coal mining industry. Shildon and Darlington became thriving 'railway towns' and experienced significant growths in population and prosperity; before the railways, just over 100 people lived in Shildon but, by the 1890s, the town was home to around 8,000 people, with Shildon Shops employing almost 3000 people at its height.
However, by the 1930s, the coal mining industry began to diminish and, by the mid-twentieth century, the pits were closing at an increasing rate. In 1951, the Durham County Development Plan highlighted a number of colliery villages, such as Blackhouse, as 'Category D' settlements, in which future development would be prohibited, property would be acquired and demolished, and the population moved to new housing, such as that being built in Newton Aycliffe. Likewise, the railway industry also began to decline, and was significantly brought to a fraction of its former self by the Beeching cuts in the 1960s. Darlington Works closed in 1966 and Shildon Shops followed suit in 1984. The county's last deep mines, at Easington, Vane Tempest, Wearmouth and Westoe, closed in 1993.
Postal Rates from 1801 were charged depending on the distance from London. Durham was allocated the code 263 the approximate mileage from London. From about 1811, a datestamp appeared on letters showing the date the letter was posted. In 1844 a new system was introduced and Durham was allocated the code 267. This system was replaced in 1840 when the first postage stamps were introduced.
According to the Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition (1911): "To the Anglo-Saxon period are to be referred portions of the churches of Monk Wearmouth (Sunderland), Jarrow, Escomb near Bishop Auckland, and numerous sculptured crosses, two of which are in situ at Aycliffe. . . . The Decorated and Perpendicular periods are very scantily represented, on account, as is supposed, of the incessant wars between England and Scotland in the 14th and 15th centuries. The principal monastic remains, besides those surrounding Durham cathedral, are those of its subordinate house or "cell," Finchale Priory, beautifully situated by the Wear. The most interesting castles are those of Durham, Raby, Brancepeth and Barnard. There are ruins of castelets or peel-towers at Dalden, Ludworth and Langley Dale. The hospitals of Sherburn, Greatham and Kepyer, founded by early bishops of Durham, retain but few ancient features."
The best remains of the Norman period include Durham Cathedral and Durham Castle, and several parish churches, such as St Laurence Church in Pittington. The Early English period has left the eastern portion of the cathedral, the churches of Darlington, Hartlepool, and St Andrew, Auckland, Sedgefield, and portions of a few other churches.
'Durham Castle and Cathedral' is a designated UNESCO World Heritage Site. Elsewhere in the County there is Auckland Castle.
Yes, the fate of the elderly - to become one with our planet's mantle. Still ambulatory, though!
I farted... that's as close to giving a shit as I get.
Un fossile - oui, le destin des personnes âgées - ne faire qu'un avec le manteau de notre planète. Toujours ambulatoire, cependant!
J'ai pété... c'est aussi proche que possible de donner d'excrément.
Please, read my profile, or visit my website!
SVP, lire mon profil, ou visiter mon page sur Web!
I don't know how the game will end, but I think that Elizabeth's death is an option.
I think this moment should be beautiful and peaceful to some extent, because Elizabeth still gets the freedom : )
Just in case you thought you knew what was coming next, I don't even know what sets and groups to put this one in :)
No photoshop trickery required either, just sunshine and a shiny black table.
Thanks again for all the well wishes, i'm crossing everything possible that the hole in my mouth is healing, i got a dry socket last time round and that made the whole extraction thing seem like a fun day out. Nothing like having the bones and nerves exposed to test out your pain thresholds.
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©2010 Jason Swain, All Rights Reserved
This image is not available for use on websites, blogs or other media without the explicit written permission of the photographer.
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Links to my website, facebook and twitter can be found on my flickr profile
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I've been trying to find a shorter way to include this canopy, and it's been kind of annoying. I like it, but it's difficult to get it into a really small space to make it look like some of my sketches.
I'm still not totally happy with this solution, so I'm putting it out there to see what you guys can come up with.
The goal is to get it to sit with as little 'kibble' out the back as possible, and maybe even studs out to have room for greebles and such.
Blaukehlchen - Luscinia svecica - Bluethroat
E-M1+MC14+MMF1+EC20+150/2.0 = MFT/FT bei 420 mm bzw. wie 840 mm bei sog. FF, Ausschnitt
#4 with quite possibly one of the ugliest P42s on the roster flies past the 849 Intermediates on NMDOT Sub. Yeah the lead locomotive sucks, but these signals are not long for the world if they haven’t fallen already.
El Valle del Rio Cochamo el secreto mejor guardado de la Patagonia Chilena. Considerado el "Yosemite del hemisferio sur" pero como en el 1800s: pristino, salvaje, rodeado de bosques centenarios y multiples montañas con paredes verticales de granito de mas de 1.000 mts.
Sin caminos, solo senderos penetrando, el Valle del Rio Cochamó se convirtió en el paraíso de los entusiastas del trekking, la meca de los escaladores, un favorito de los amantes de la naturaleza. Sin tarifas de entrada, el sendero del valle es el inicio de un viaje a un área de enorme belleza natural lleno de actividades: trekking, escalada en roca, caving, tobogánes naturales de agua, natación, caminatas, tubing o simplemente relax en la playa.
La principal atraccion del valle es la escalada en roca desnuda en mas de una decena de montañas de granito que hay en el area, solo para expertos pero tambien hay varios trekking de dificultad media o alta, las permanentes lluvias deterioran los senderos agregando dificultad extra al cruce de numerosos rios, trampas de barro y pantanos. "La Junta" es el punto de llegada y principal centro de actividades, hay dos camping muy limpios y con servicios basicos, desde alli se puede dar un corto paseo a la Cascada del Rio La Junta, un tobogan de agua natural o bien tomar alguno de los tres senderos hasta los miradores en la base de los macizos de granito (Arcoiris, Trinidad y Anfiteatro). Otra opcion que adquiere creciente popularidad es el "Cochamo Round Trail" un mega circuito de 6 a 10 días que parte desde Cochamó pasando por "La Junta", "El Arco" una increible formacion de roca sobre una cascada, el Lago Vidal Gormaz, Lago Tagua Tagua, Puelo y regreso a Cochamo, recorriendo algunos de los paisajes mas sobrecogedores del norte de la Patagonia, sin dudas el nivel de los atractivos lo hacen compárable solo con el "Gran Circuito" de Torres del Paine.
Cabe señalar que para todas estas opciones existe la posibilidad de contratar caballos, cargadores y guias o bien paquetes grupales completos en modalidad turismo aventura por varios dias.
Para mayor informacion pueden visitar www.cochamo.com
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Cochamo River Valley's best kept secret of Chilean Patagonia. Considered the "Yosemite of the southern hemisphere" but as in the 1800s: pristine, wild, surrounded by mature woodland and mountains with multiple vertical granite walls of over 1,000 meters.
With no roads, only trails penetrating, Cochamó River Valley became a paradise for trekking enthusiasts, the mecca for climbers, a favorite with nature lovers. No entry fees, the path of the valley is the start of a trip to an area of great natural beauty full of activities: trekking, rock climbing, caving, water natural slides, swimming, hiking, tubing or just relaxing on the beach .
The main attraction of the valley is the naked rock climbing in over a dozen granite mountains that are in the area, only for experts but also several medium difficulty trekking or high, the constant rains the trails deteriorate adding extra difficulty crossing many rivers, swamps and mud traps. "La Junta" is the main arrival point and activity center, two camping very clean with basic services, from there you can take a short walk to the "La Junta" river waterfall, a natural water slide or take any of the three trails to the lookout at the base of the granite massifs (Rainbow, Trinidad and Amphitheatre). Another increasingly popular option is the "Cochamo Round Trail" a mega circuit 6-10 days from Cochamó part through "La Junta", "El Arco" an amazing rock formation under a waterfall, Lake Vidal Gormaz, Lake Tagua Tagua, and return to Cochamo by Puelo, touring some of the most breathtaking landscapes of northern Patagonia, undoubtedly the attraction level only comparing with Torres del Paine Big Circuit.
Note that for all these options is possible to hire horses, porters and guides or group packages complete in adventure travel mode for several days.
For more information, visit www.cochamo.com
Walking alongside the Rochdale Canal approaching the Grade II Listed Woodhouse Mill Bridge and the Grade II* Listed Woodhouse Mill, in Todmorden, Calderdale, West Yorkshire.
The Rochdale is a broad canal because its locks are wide enough to allow vessels of 14 feet width. The canal runs for 32 miles (51 km) across the Pennines from the Bridgewater Canal at Castlefield Basin in Manchester to join the Calder and Hebble Navigation at Sowerby Bridge in West Yorkshire. As built, the canal had 92 locks. Whilst the traditional lock numbering has been retained on all restored locks, and on the relocated locks, the canal now has 91. Locks 3 and 4 have been replaced with a single deep lock, Tuel Lane Lock, which is numbered 3/4.
The Rochdale Canal was conceived in 1776, when a group of 48 men from Rochdale raised £237 and commissioned James Brindley to conduct a survey of possible routes between Sowerby Bridge and Manchester. Brindley proposed a route similar to the one built, and another more expensive route via Bury. Further progress was not made until 1791, when John Rennie was asked to make a new survey in June, and two months later to make surveys for branches to Rochdale, Oldham and to a limeworks near Todmorden. Rennie at the time had no experience of building canals.
The promoters, unsure as to whether to build a wide or a narrow canal, postponed the decision until an Act of Parliament had been obtained. The first attempt to obtain an act was made in 1792, but was opposed by mill owners, concerned about water supply. Rennie proposed using steam pumping engines, three in Yorkshire, eight in Lancashire, and one on the Burnley Branch, but the mill owners argued that 59 mills would be affected by the scheme, resulting in unemployment, and the bill was defeated. In September 1792, William Crosley and John Longbotham surveyed the area in an attempt to find locations for reservoirs which would not affect water supplies to the mills. A second bill was presented to Parliament, for a canal which would have a 3,000-yard (2,700 m) tunnel and 11 reservoirs. Again the bill was defeated, this time by one vote. The promoters, in an attempt to understand the mill owners' position, asked William Jessop to survey the parts of the proposed canal that were causing most concern. Jessop gave evidence to the Parliamentary committee, and on 4 April 1794 an act was obtained which created the Rochdale Canal Company and authorised construction.
Rennie's estimated cost in the second bill was £291,000, and the company was empowered to raise the money by issuing shares, with powers to raise a further £100,000 if required. The estimate was for a narrow canal, whereas the act authorised a broad canal, and so the capital was never going to be adequate. The summit tunnel was abandoned in favour of 14 additional locks saving £20,000. Jessop proposed constructing each lock with a drop of 10 feet (3.0 m), resulting in efficient use of water and the need to manufacture only one size of lock gate.
The canal opened in stages as sections were completed, with the Rochdale Branch the first in 1798 and further sections in 1799. The bottom nine locks opened in 1800 and boats using the Ashton Canal could reach Manchester. Officially, the canal opened in 1804, but construction work continued for more three years. A 1.5-mile (2.4 km) branch from Heywood to Castleton opened in 1834.
Apart from a short profitable section in Manchester linking the Bridgewater and Ashton Canals, most of the length was closed in 1952 when an act of parliament was obtained to ban public navigation. The last complete journey had taken place in 1937, and by the mid 1960s the remainder was almost unusable. Construction of the M62 motorway in the late 1960s took no account of the canal, cutting it in two.
When an Act of Parliament was sought in 1965, to authorise the abandonment of the canal, the Inland Waterways Association petitioned against it, and when it was finally passed, it contained a clause that ensured the owners would maintain it until the adjacent Ashton Canal was abandoned. Discussion of the relative merits of restoring the canal or the Huddersfield Narrow Canal in 1973 led the formation of societies to promote both schemes in 1974. The Rochdale Canal Society wanted to see the canal fully re-opened, as part of a proposed Pennine Park
The Rochdale Canal Society worked hard both to protect the line of the canal and to begin the process of refurbishing it. A new organisational structure was created in 1984, with the formation of the Rochdale Canal Trust Ltd, who leased the canal from the owning company. The MSC-funded restoration was approaching Sowerby Bridge, where planners were proposing a tunnel and deep lock to negotiate a difficult road junction at Tuel Lane, so that a connection could be made with the Calder and Hebble Navigation. The entire eastern section from Sowerby Bridge to the summit at Longlees was open by 1990, although it remained isolated from the canal network.
In 1997, the Rochdale Canal Trust was restructured, in response to announcements that there might be large grants available as part of the millennium celebrations. The canal was still at this point owned by a private company, and the Millennium Commission would not make grants to a scheme which was for private profit, rather than public benefit. The restructuring would allow the Trust to take over responsibility for the canal from the Rochdale Canal Company. However, the plan was rejected by the Commission, and in order to access the grant of £11.3 million, the Waterways Trust took over ownership of the canal. As restoration proceeded, boats could travel further and further west, and the restoration of the sections through Failsworth and Ancoats were a significant part of the re-development of the north Manchester districts. The restored sections joined up with the section in Manchester below the Ashton Canal junction, which had never been closed, and on 1 July 2002 the canal was open for navigation along its entire length.
Coachwork by Oblin - Brussels
By 1947, it was once again possible for people to start dreaming. The post-war Marshall Plan created a new wave of optimism; the film Out of the Past with Robert Mitchum and Kirk Douglas filled cinemas to overflowing; new buildings were going up everywhere; and big cars were once again driving through the streets. Those who could afford it even had cars specially made for them by famous coachwork builders. Someone who could afford it was the commander of one of the so-called Congo boats – ships on the line between Antwerp and Matadi, a port in the former Belgian colony. He commissioned coachwork from Oblin in Brussels, to be mounted on a French Delahaye 148L chassis. The ‘L’ stood for légère (light), a reference to the shorter wheelbase than for the limousine model. The powerful Delahaye was often used in this way by French and Belgian coachwork specialists, because the French manufacturer did not make coachwork of its own. The coupé for the sea captain was given a front end with fearsome shark’s teeth, anchors on the steering wheel and hubcaps, and a chrome speedboat as decoration for the bonnet’s nose. But the piéce de résistance was the plastic roof that looked like the canopy of a submarine, something that was not only unusual but also slightly curious: the canopy protected the driver and passenger from wind and rain, but not those sitting on the fold-out seat at the back!
By 1968, this Delahaye had been gathering dust and rust for some time in a garage in Bruges. However, the garage’s owner now planned to retire and wanted a final clear-out. As usual, Ghislain Mahy at first thought the asking price was too high, but after some brief negotiation agreed a deal and was soon loading the Delahaye onto his trailer. This garage owner had a curious connection with submarines. The driveway of his home was adorned with a self-made one-man submarine, although it was little more than a few sheets of soldered iron and a glass dome. He had used this mini-sub to smuggle butter from The Netherlands, until he was caught by a customs patrol on the Ghent-Terneuzen Canal! Sadly, he never explained how the submarine on wheels came into his possession.
3.557 cc
6 In-line
Mahy - a Family of Cars
09/09/2021 - 31/10/2021
Vynckier Site
Nieuwevaart 51-53
Gent
Belgium