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The North America Nebula (NGC 7000) is an emission nebula in the constellation Cygnus. The name “North America Nebula” was coined by Dr. Max Wolf (ref: Burnham’s Celestial Handbook, Volume 2, by Robert Burnham Jr.) no doubt from his work with E.E. Barnard on dark nebulae. This image was processed by first removing the stars followed by processing the nebula.
The North America Nebula covers a region more than ten times the area of the full moon, but its surface brightness is low, so normally it cannot be seen with the unaided eye (Wikipedia).
Observation data: J2000.0 epoch
Right ascension: 20h 59m 17.1s
Declination: +44° 31′ 44″
Distance: 2,590 ± 80 ly
Apparent magnitude (V): 4
Apparent dimensions (V): 120 × 100 arcmin
Constellation: Cygnus
Designations: NGC 7000, Sharpless 117, Caldwell 20
Tech Specs: William Optics REDCAT 51 Telescope, ZWO ASI071MC camera running at 0F, 3 Hour Exposure using 5-minute subs, Optolong l-eNhance 2” filter, Sky-Watcher EQ6R-Pro mount, ZWO EAF (ProAstroGear Black-CAT) and ASIAir Pro, guided using a ZWO 30mm f/4 mini guide scope and ZWO 120 mini, processed in PixInsight. Image Date: July 28, 2024. Location: The Dark Side Observatory (W59), Weatherly, PA, USA (Bortle Class 4).
Possibly the best image I've taken so far
Ha - 8.5 hours
Oiii - 5 hours
Sii - 7 hours
Total image time 19+ Hours
IC1805 The Heart Nebula with carious crops and starless version
Telescope - William Optics 80mm Super APO
Camera - QHY294M
Filter Wheel - QHYCFW3L (with M adapter)
Filters - Baader Ha, Optolong Sii & Oiii
Reducer - William Optics Adjustable Flat6A III 0.8x
Guiding - QHYOAG & QHY5ii
Mount - NEQ6 (Belt Mod)
Software - N.I.N.A / PHD2 / Pixinsight
Bortle - 4.5
The Heart Nebula, IC 1805, Sharpless 2-190, is some 7500 light years away from Earth and is located in the Perseus Arm of the Galaxy in the constellation Cassiopeia. It was discovered by William Herschel on 3 November 1787. It is an emission nebula showing glowing ionized hydrogen gas and darker dust lanes.
Radius: 100 light years
Magnitude: 18.3
Distance to Earth: 7,500 light years
Coordinates: RA 2h 33m 22s | Dec +61° 26′ 36″
Constellation: Cassiopeia
Absolute magnitude (V): 6.5
Telescope: TS 115/800
ZWO ASI 1600MMPRO
ZWO FILTER WHEEL 8x1.25
LRGB: Astrodon
HA: OPTOLONG
FLATTENER/REDUCER: 0.79
HALPHA: 100 x 180 seconds
LUMINANCE: 40 x 180 seconds
RGB: 20 x 180 (each channel)
Total: 10 hours
Messier 6 - Sharpless 12 (The Red is Coming)
Robert Burnham, Jr. assim descreve esse lindo objeto:
“grupo encantador cujo arranjo sugere o contorno de uma borboleta com asas abertas.”
Nada melhor do que um pouco de “poesia” para descrever um objeto tão destacado.
Em 1654 o astrônomo italiano Giovanni Battista Hodierna, foi o primeiro homem a registrar esse belo aglomerado estelar na constelação de escorpião.
Em 1764 o frânces Charles Messier inclui em seu catálogo como Messier 6.
Sob boas condições é possível observá-lo a olho nu, em contraste com as regiões escuras que avizinham o aglomerado estelar. Tem magnitude aparente de 4.2 e idade estimada de 100 milhões de anos, à uma distância de aproximadamente 1600 anos-luz do planeta terra.
A estrela com maior brilho no aglomerado é BM SCORPII. Ela é catalogada como uma supergigante amarela/laranjada, e é considerada uma variável semirregular, como é de classe espectral K0-K3, a sua magnitude varia de 5,5 até 7, em períodos de 30 até 1100 dias.
As quentes estrelas azuis do aglomerado pertencem a classe espectral B4 e B5.
O aglomerado a direita da imagem é NGC 6404.
A parte mais intensa da imagem, e que desde o princípio tive a ideia de destacar, é parte de uma extensa nebulosa de emissão denominada: Sharpless 12.
As informações sobre esse objeto são bem escassas, porém tentarei colocar o máximo de informações que consegui sobre esse objeto.
Toda a ionização ocorre devido a estrela binária O-Star (O7V + O7V) HD 159176, que está localizada no aglomerado NGC 6383 e que não aparece em minha imagem.
Um fato que me chamou bastante atenção e que quando falamos em astronomia, sempre remontamos ao passado, a maior parte dos catálogos tem centenas de anos, porém Sharpless ainda não completou nem um século de vida. Stewart Lane Sharpless (nascido em 29 de março de 1926 em Milwaukee, 19 de janeiro de 2013 foi um astrônomo americano que estudou a estrutura da Via Láctea, professor emérito do Departamento de Física e Astronomia da Universidade de Rochester.
A primeira edição de seu catálogo é do ano de 1953 (SH1) continha 142 objetos. Já a versão final, publicada em 1959 (SH2) contem 312 objetos.
English:
Robert Burnham, Jr. describes this beautiful object as follows:
“Charming group whose arrangement suggests the outline of a butterfly with open wings.” Nothing better than a little "poetry" to describe such a prominent object.
In 1654 Italian astronomer Giovanni Battista Hodierna was the first man to record this beautiful star cluster in the scorpion constellation.
In 1764 the French Charles Messier includes in his catalog as Messier 6. Under good conditions, it can be seen with the naked eye, in contrast to the dark regions surrounding the star cluster. It has an apparent magnitude of 4.2 and an estimated age of 100 million years, at a distance of approximately 1600 light years from planet Earth.
The brightest star in the cluster is BM SCORPII. It is cataloged as a yellow / orange supergiant, and is considered a semiregular variable, as it is of the spectral class K0-K3, its magnitude varies from 5.5 to 7, in periods of 30 to 1100 days. The hot blue stars of the cluster belong to the spectral class B4 and B5.
The cluster to the right of this image is NGC 6404.
The most intense part of the image, which I had the idea from the outset to highlight, is part of an extensive emission nebula called: Sharpless 12.
The information about this object is very scarce, but I will try to put as much information as I can about this object. All ionization occurs due to the O-Star (O7V + O7V) HD 159176 binary star, which is located in cluster NGC 6383 and does not appear in my image.
A fact that caught my attention and that when we talk about astronomy we always go back to the past, most catalogs are hundreds of years old, but Sharpless is not even a century old.
Stewart Lane Sharpless (born March 29, 1926 in Milwaukee, January 19, 2013) was an American astronomer who studied the structure of the Milky Way, professor emeritus of the Department of Physics and Astronomy at the University of Rochester.
The first edition of its catalog is from the year 1953 (SH1) contained 142 objects. The final version, published in 1959 (SH2), contains 312 objects.
galaxymap.org/cat/list/sharpless/11
pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vari%C3%A1vel_semirregular
www.messier.seds.org/m/m006.html
www.meixnerobservatorium.at/astronomie-allgemein/die-shar...
NGC6888 Crescent Nebula
NGC 6888, also known as the Crescent Nebula, is a cosmic bubble about 25 light-years across, blown by winds from its central, bright, massive star. NGC 6888’s central star is classified as a Wolf-Rayet star (WR 136). The star is shedding its outer envelope in a strong stellar wind, ejecting the equivalent of the Sun’s mass every 10,000 years.
Telescope: Takahashi TOA 130 with Tak 645 Flattener
Camera : ZWO ASI2600MC Pro
Mount : Astro-Physics Mach 2 GTO
Filters: Optolong L-extreme
Despite being in Messier catalog, the Sagittarius Star Cloud - Messier 24, is an often overlooked target for astrophotographers. However, it is a beautiful concentration of stars at about 10,000 light years from us, located in the Sagittarius arm of our galaxy. During the shooting of this photo, I had the chance of observing it with a regular binocular and it is amazing the sheer amount of stars that can be seen.
In my eyes, it looks like a river of stars flowing in the sky but actually, it is a patch of stars peeking behind the dark dust lanes of our galaxy. Should those lanes not exist, all our galaxy would look the same.
Undoubtedly one of the targets I most enjoyed shooting and I hope you enjoy the final result.
Shot at Santa Susana, Portugal on June 25th, 2022
Technical details:
RGB: 3 x 33 x 180s (5h00), BIN1
Telescope: TS Optics Triplet APO 800/115
Camera: QHYCCD 268M
Mount: Skywatcher AZ EQ5-GT
Filters: Optolong LRGB
Reducer: TSOptics TSFLAT 3’ 0.79x
Acquisition: N.I.N.A. and RBFocus Gaius-S
Processing: Pixinsight, Photoshop
Messier 42, the Orion Nebula.
Equipment used:
AT92 refractor at F/4.4
William Optics 6AIII .8x reducer / flattener
Nikon D3400 Full Spectrum modified
Optolong UV / IR Cut filter
EQ6-R Pro guided using PHD2
Acquisition:
44 frames at ISO 200 180" each
Combined with dark, flat, and bias frames in Deep Sky Stacker
Processed in Photoshop and Lightroom
IC1396, the Elephant Trunk Nebula in Cepheus, processed with the Hubble Palette, highlighting ionized hydrogen, oxygen and sulfur. I am still figuring out how to do this more complicated image processing technique so I don't quite have the colours down correctly.
This is a combination of two 2-hour calibrated stacks of 3 minute exposures, one taken with a filter that isolates hydrogen and oxygen and one that isolates sulfur and oxygen. Processed in SIRIL and PixInsight.
Lens: Samyang 135 f/2.8
Camera: ZWO ASI533MC Pro
Filters: Optolong L-Extreme (HaOiii) & Askar C2 (SiiOiii)
Integrating also the Ha emission.
All in all quite happy about this result taken from a heavily light polluted sky in Milan, Italy with just 48 minutes of Light integration.
Lum: 20x30s - bin 1x1
Ha: 30x30s - bin 2x2
RGB: 12x10s - bin2x2 each color
Camera: ASI 1600MM Cool (Gain 139 - Offset 21)
Filters: Optolong 36mm
Guide camera: QHY-5L II M
Main OTA: Newton Skywatcher 200/1000
Mount: NEQ6-Pro
Capture with SGP, PHD
Post production with DSS, PS, Lightroom
This is dedicated to Professor Stephen Hawking. "Remember to look up at the stars and not down at your feet. Try to make sense of what you see and wonder about what makes the universe exist. Be curious. And however difficult life may seem, there is always something you can do and succeed at.
It matters that you don't just give up."
Aristoteles lies at the edge of Mare Frigoris (Sea of Cold) and is of course name after the Greek philosopher Aristotle.
Eudoxus is named after the Greek astronomer Eudoxus of Cnidus who was a student of Plato.
Egede, named after Dano-Norwegian natural historian Hans Egede has been flooded by lava leaving only the rim.
Galle is named after Johann G Galle who was a German astronomer who was the first to view the planet Neptune.
Sheepshanks, named after Anne Sheepshanks, born 1794. She was a British astronomical benefactor who gave £10,000 to Cambridge Observatory for a photographic telescope
C Mayor is named after Christian Mayor, a Moravian-German Catholic priest, astronomer and teacher.
Meton is a compound formation of several merged craters. Meton was a Greek mathematician and astronomer.
Barrow, named after Isaac Barrow who was a Christian theologian and mathematician. He is credited with developing infinitesimal calculus.
Goldschmidt is a large walled plain named after Hermann Goldschmidt who was a German-French astronomer and painter. He discovered 14 asteroids.
Location:01-12-2023 St Helens UK, Phase Day 19, 75%.
Acquisition:Best 25% of 1000x 20ms IR625.
Equipment:Skywatcher 100P Newt (Modified), EQ6Rpro; ZWO EAF, EFWmini; Optolong IR625; Altair H183Mpro.
Software:Sharpcap Pro, EQMOD.
Processing:PIPP, AutoStakkert, Registax 6, Affinity Photo 2 with NoiseXTerminator plug-in.
The Pelican Nebula (IC 5070) in the constellation Cygnus.
Rio Rancho NM Bortle 5 zone, June 8, 2022
William Optics Redcat 51
ZWO 183mm pro
ZWO 30mm f/4 mini guide scope and ZWO 120 Mini
Optolong h-alpha filter
ZWO ASI Air Pro
Sky-Watcher HEQ5
48 X 300s lights ; with darks bias dithering
Gain 111 at -10C
Processed in DSS and PS
Variable beauty in the constellation of Puppis.
Collinder 135 is a bright, beautiful but not often studied open cluster. It consists of six stars brighter than 6th magnitude, and a widespread population of fainter stars. It contains 3 variable stars. The background is quite rich in Hydrogen and lies in a much wider colourful star-field.
The main member is Pi Puppis, a red supergiant long-period variable star about 12 times the size of our sun. The star has the traditional name Ahadi, which is derived from Arabic for "having much promise"
The other 2 variable stars lie around the 4 o’clock position. The left is NV Puppis a blue magnitude 4.67 Gamma Cassiopeiae variable and to the right of that is NW Puppis also blue and a magnitude 5.1 Beta Cephei variable.
Interrupted by passing clouds I captured 39 x 180sec RGB and 12 x 600 sec Ha. Total integration of 3.95 hours.
Astroworx 250mm F4 Truss Newtonian, QHY 268M cmos camera, TS Wynne 3” coma corrector, Optolong HaRGB filters. Captured with Voyager and processed with Pixinsight.
This was a strange region to process because of all the reddish-brown dust and dark lanes. In the end i got the best result leaving most of my normal processing steps out of the workflow. leading to:
No DBE, no backgroundcorrection, no color correction, no noise reduction, no masked stretch, no intensity transformations. Leaving just the histogram transformation and a little curves adjustment.
There is not much information to find about the Northern Trifid and all i could find about the meandering dark dust lanes is the designation LDN1482. This text (source APOD) is the best i could find: "But unlike the Trifid, in NGC 1579 the reddish glow is not emission from clouds of glowing hydrogen gas excited by ultraviolet light from a nearby hot star. Instead, the dust in NGC 1579 drastically diminishes, reddens, and scatters the light from an embedded, extremely young, massive star"
Esprit 100 f5.5 refractor/ Canon 6Da/ Optolong L/ 10 Micron GM2000HPS II. 183x240sec iso1600 27D34F150B
Image dates: 24,25,26 and 27 december 2016
Knight Observatory, Tomar.
M81, M82 and NGC2976.
Scope: TSAPO65Q with TeleVue NPR-1073 0.8x Reducer
Camera: ZWO ASI294MC Pro with Optolong L-Pro
Mount: StellarDrive 6R
Guide: SkyWatcher EvoGuide + Altair 130M
Subs: 16x5 mins.
Processed in APP, Finished in Adobe CC
One hour of 300s subs
Bortle 6 suburban sky
C8, ASI294MC Pro, Optolong L-eNhance filter
Good seeing, some clouds, moderate humidity
Copyright and personal information:
My name: Cornelis van Zuilen
My website: www.CVZastro.com
Heiloo, The Netherlands
Equipment used:
Telescope: Askar 103APO
Main camera: ZWO ASI2600MC AIR
Filters: Optolong L-Pro
Mount: Skywatcher EQ6-R Pro
Exposures:
Optolong L-Pro lights:
3hr 15min
65x 180sec
Calibration frames
20 Darks
20 Flats
20 Dark flats
Processed in Pixinsight
Located 6,500 light years away in the constellation of Taurus. This spectacular planetary nebula is what's left of a star that Chinese astronomers witnessed going supernova in the year 1054, reported to have been visible in the daytime for up to 4 weeks!
First discovered by John Bevis in 1731 and then later by Charles Messier, who mistook it for Halley's comet. Leading him to create a list of objects that weren't comets, so he wouldn't be wasting his time on them. This list is known today as the Messier catalogue.
Data was captured at The Astronomy Centre, Todmorden, UK on 10th of November 2023.
Boring techie bit:
Skywatcher Quattro 8" Newtonian Reflector steel tube with the f4 aplanatic coma corrector, Skywatcher EQ6 R pro mount, Altair Starwave 50mm guide scope, ZWO asi120mm guide camera mini, ZWO asi533mc pro cooled to -10c gain 100, Optolong L'enhance 2" filter, ZWO asiair plus.
Darks, Flats & Bias.
Stacked with DeepSkyStacker and processed in PixInsight & Affinity Photo.
Ps. English text just below portuguese version.
Nome: NGC 6744
Tipo: Galáxia espiral barrada (Sbc) [1]
Distância: ~31.000.000 anos-luz [2]
Magnitude (filtro V): 9,25 [1]
Constelação: Pavão (The Peacock)
Existem relativamente poucas galáxias espirais grandes no nosso universo local, num raio de 40 milhões de anos-luz do nosso grupo local de galáxias. NGC 6744 está distante cerca de 30 milhões de anos-luz e comparada a outras galáxias é muito similar à nossa Via Láctea. De fato, se estivéssemos nesta galáxia irmã e observássemos a nossa galáxia veríamos uma imagem semelhante a esta. [3]
O disco da galáxia NGC 6744 possui cerca de 175.000 anos-luz de distância, que é maior do que o disco de nossa galáxia. Isto faz de NGC 6744 um tipo de irmã mais velha da nossa Via Láctea. Ela possui um núcleo alongado, ou barrado, e braços espirais bem distintos. Os braços espirais do disco são locais dentro da galáxia com grande formação estelar e com muita poeira. Poeira e formação estelar andam de mãos dadas.[3]
Fonte:
[1] - HyperLeda - Database for physics of galaxies - leda.univ-lyon1.fr/ledacat.cgi?o=ngc6744
[2] - The local Tully-Fisher relation for dwarf galaxies, Igor D. Karachentsev, Elena I. Kaisina, Olga G. Kashibadze - arxiv.org/abs/1611.02574
[3] - Nasa - www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/WISE/multimedia/gallery/pia131...
Esta imagem foi registrada durante os dias 07 e 08 de setembro de 2018 e 08 de junho de 2019 na zona rural de Munhoz - Minas Gerais - Brasil. Local com escala de Bortle 4. Pretendo revisitar este objeto pois as imagens capturadas no filtro de Luminância ficaram muito comprometidas devido ao seeing (turbulência atmosférica).
Dados técnicos:
Gain 75 e 139, offset 10, temperatura da câmera -20°C, exposição total de 7h03m (141 subs), darks (40), flats (180) e darks flats (80) aplicados.
Filtros:
Luminância (IR/UV Cut) 47 x 180s / Bin 1x1 / Gain 75
Luminância (IR/UV Cut) 36 x 180s / Bin 1x1 / Gain 139
Vermelho 22 x 180s / Bin 1x1 / Gain 139
Verde 18 x 180s / Bin 1x1 / Gain 139
Azul 18 x 180s / Bin 1x1 / Gain 139
Equipamento:
- Montagem Equatorial Orion Atlas EQ-G
- Telescópio GSO Ritchey-Chretien 8" F8 Fibra de Carbono
- Câmera ZWO ASI1600MM Cooled
- Redutor focal Astro-Physics 67 CCDT
- Auto guiagem com câmera ZWO ASI120MM em OAG
- Roda de Filtros ZWO 8 posições
- Filtros Optolong 1,25" Luminance, Red, Green, Blue
Softwares
- Captura: APT - Astro Photography Tool 3.50
- Processamento: PixInsight 1.8 e Adobe Photoshop CS5
- Guiagem: PHD2
- Controle: EQMOD e SkyTechX
--------------------------------------------------------
Name: NGC 6744
Type: Spiral Barred Galaxy (Sbc) [1]
Distance: ~31.000.000 light-years [2]
Magnitude (filter V): 9,25 [1]
Constellation: Pavo (The Peacock)
There are relatively few large spiral galaxies in the local universe (within about 40 million light-years of our Local Group of galaxies). NGC 6744 is about 30 million light-years away and, compared to other local galaxies, is very similar to our Milky Way galaxy. In fact, if there are observers somewhere in this sibling galaxy looking back at the Milky Way, they might see a very similar image.
The galaxy's disk is about 175,000 light-years across, which is larger than the Milky Way's disk, making NGC 6744 kind of like the Milky Way's big brother. It has an elongated, or barred, core and distinct spiral arms. The spiral arms of the disk are the sites of star formation within the galaxy and are very dusty. Dust and star formation go together hand-in-hand.
This image was captured at days 7th and 8th September 2018 and 8th June 2019 in rural zone of Munhoz - Minas Gerais - Brazil. Bortle Scale 4.
Technical data:
Gain 75 and 139, offset 10, sensor's temperature -20°C, total exposition of de 7h03m (141 subs), darks (40), flats (180) and darks flats (80) applied.
Filters:
Luminance (IR/UV Cut) 47 x 180s / Bin 1x1 / Gain 75
Luminance (IR/UV Cut) 36 x 180s / Bin 1x1 / Gain 139
Red 22 x 180s / Bin 1x1 / Gain 139
Green 18 x 180s / Bin 1x1 / Gain 139
Blue 18 x 180s / Bin 1x1 / Gain 139
Equipments:
- Equatorial Mount Orion Atlas EQ-G
- GSO Ritchey-Chretien Telescope 8" F8 Carbon Fiber
- ZWO ASI1600MM Cooled
- Focal reducer Astro-Physics 67 CCDT
- Guided with ZWO ASI120MM using OAG
- ZWO Filter Wheel (8 x 1.25")
- Filter Optolong 1.25" Luminance
- Filter Optolong 1,25" Red
- Filter Optolong 1,25" Green
- Filter Optolong 1,25" Blue
Softwares
- Capture: APT - Astro Photography Tool 3.50
- Processing: PixInsight 1.8 and Adobe Photoshop CS5
- Guiding: PHD2
- Control: EQMOD and SkyTechX
Efix: SW Esprit 100 +ASI1600MM pro + Optolong Ha, OIII and SII filters. SW NEQ6 pro Rowan mod. Guide: QHY5L-II and 60mm guidescope. 224x180” Ha, 115x180” OIII, 140x180” SII. Gain 139. 140 Darks, 120 flats per filter. Edit: PixInsight and Photoshop
William Optics Gran Turismo 71
ZWO ASI 533 MC Pro
5min
DSS, Gimp, Py-Astro, PS
Bortle 5
Testing new Optolong L-Quad Enhance Filter
The Dumbbell Nebula is a planetary nebula in the constellation Vulpecula, at a distance of about 1360 light-years. It was the first such nebula to be discovered, by Charles Messier in 1764
——— STRUMENTAZIONE ———
Telescopio: Skywatcher evostar ed80
Camera: Zwo Asi 294 mc
Montatura: Skywatcher AZ-EQ5
Autoguida: 60mm UltraGuide Artesky con zwo asi 224mc
Correttore 0.85x ed80 skywatcher
Filtro Optolong L-pro
Software d'acquisizione Sgpro
————— FOTO ————
temp -10 con dark, flat e darkflat
122 x 300s
—— ELABORAZIONE ——
Pixinsight
Photoshop
Date Captured:
November 3, Home (Bortle 7)
EQUIPMENT
Optics: William Optics 61ii doublet refractor @ 368mm FL
William Optics adjustable field flattener
Camera: ZWO 533mc Pro (OSC) @ gain 390
Filters:
- 2" Optolong L-Enhance using filter drawer
Mount:
- iOptron GEM 28
Guiding:
- ZWO 120mm mini (red filter)
- William Optics 32mm f/3.75 UniGuide Guidescope
- ZWO ASI Air Pro
- Used previous calibration
- Dither: 2 pixels, every 2 frames
Acquisition:
- ZWO ASI Air Pro (Plan Mode)
IMAGE CALIBRATION (PixInsight)
Weighted Batch Preprocessing
- Lights, Darks, Flat Darks, Bias
- Cosmetic Correction
- Stats
- (109) 180 second subs
- Normalize Scale Gradient Script to nomalize background of images
NON LINEAR PROCESSING (PixInsight)
1. Dynamic Background Extraction (2 times)
2. Color Calibration
3. Background Neutralization
4. Linear Noise Reduction using MultiscaleLinearTransform
5. Another Linear Noise Reduction using MultiscaleLinearTransform
6. Photometric Color Calibration
LINEAR PROCESSING (PixInsight)
1. Easy Soft Stretch script
2. Dynamic Crop
2. SCNR on the G channel
3. Created a Star Mask to protect the stars from processing
4. Created Range mask to hide the nebula
5. Ran HDRMultiscaleLinearTransform to enhance nebula's darker regions
6. Ran a slightest of "S" curve, 4 times, using CurvesTransformation to darken background and enhance nebula
7. LocalHistogramEqualization @ 25 for contrast on nebula
8. LocalHistogramEqualization @ 25 to further contrast nebula
9. MultiscaleLinearTransform to sharpen detail in the nebula
10. Increased saturation of the blue channel ever sl slightly using Curves
11. Increased saturation of the image ever slightly using Color Saturation
12. Made image ready for the web using ICCProfileTransformation
Five galaxies in the constellation Leo.
M 96 (lower right) is categorized as a double-barred spiral galaxy with a small inner bulge through the core along with an outer bulge and is about the same mass and size as the Milky Way. Distance 31 Mly
M95 (upper right) is a barred spiral galaxy. Distance 33 Mly
M105 (12:00 lower left) is an elliptical galaxy. Distance 36.6 Mly
NGC 3384 (7:00 lower left) is an elliptical galaxy. Distance 35 Mly
NGC 3389 (5:00 lower left) is a spiral galaxy. Distance 71.7 Mly
An RGB image -- about 10 hours for each filter.
Rio Rancho NM Bortle 5 zone,
Dec 15, 2023 - Jan 17, 2024
William Optics Redcat 51
ZWO 183mm pro
ZWO 30mm f/4 mini guide scope and ZWO 120 Mini
Optolong R G B filters
ZWO ASI Air Pro
Sky-Watcher HEQ5
Darks GraXpert dithering
Gain 111 at -10C
Processed in DSS and PS
Telescope: Skyrover 102ed
Camera: ASI2600MM PRO
Filter: Optolong 3nm H & O
Light frame: H: 50 x 300s, O: 70 x 300s
M50 (NGC 2323) is an open star cluster that lies at the eastern edge of the Winter Hexagon. The view here has north roughly at the top.
Shot with a Celestron Edge HD 925 at f/2.3 with Hyperstar and a mono Atik 414-EX camera with LRGB filters from Optolong.
Stacking info:
L channel - 95 20 s exposures
R channel - 31 60 s exposures
G channel - 27 60 s exposures
B channel - 29 60 s exposures
Preprocessing in Nebulosity; registration, stacking, channel combination and initial processing in PixInsight; final touches in Photoshop
NGC7882 is a large Emission Nebula in Cepheus, whilst I tried to obtain some OIII data, there appears to be very little OIII Data within this particular target. NGC7822 lies approximately 2900 light years from Earth and spans somewhere in the region of 100 light years across, there are a number of "Pillars of Creation" scattered throughout this large nebula.
RA: 00h01m08.59s
Dec: 67°25'17.00"
Constellation: Cepheus
Designation: NGC7882 / Sharples 171
Image Details: 101x300S at Gain 100
Darks: 101 Frames
Flats: 101 Frames
Bias: 101 Frames
Acquisition Dates: Nov. 3, 2020 , Nov. 4, 2020 , Nov. 5, 2020 , Nov. 6, 2020 , Nov. 7, 2020
Total Capture time: 8.4 hours
Equipment Details:
Imaging Camera: ZWO ASI6200MC Pro 62mpx Full Frame OSC
Imaging Scope: SharpStar 15028HNT Hyperboloid Astrograph
Guide Camera: StarlightXpress Lodestar X2
Guide Scope: 365Astronomy 280mm Guide Scope
Mount: Sky-Watcher EQ8 Pro
Focuser: Primalucelab Sesto Senso V2
Filter: Optolong L-eXtreme Dual Band Filter
Power and USB Control: Pegasus Astro USB Ultimate Hub Pro
Acquisition Software: Main Sequence Software. Sequence Generator Pro 3.2
Calibration and Stacking: Astro Pixel Processor
Processing Software: PixInsight 1.8.8 and EZ Processing Suite for Star Reduction
Sky: Class 8 Bortle.
Lights: Total 4H
48x300s Optolong L-Extreme
DOF: 20x
Prétraitement: Siril
Traitement: PixInsight / EZ Processing Suite / PS / DxO PhotoLab
Canon 700D Défiltré
Skywatcher 80ED Equinox (80x500)
Télévue TV85 Field Flatteneur 0.8x
Skywatcher Neq6 Pro
Guide Scope: Zwo 30mm F/4
Guide Cam: Zwo Asi120MM
Guide Soft: Phd2 on Rpi
M13 -The Hercules Globular Cluster (also known as M 13 from its position in the Messier Catalogue, or NGC 6205) is a globular cluster in the constellation Hercules.
This is the brightest globular cluster in the Northern Hemisphere.shooting data:camera canon eos 1100d fullspectrum,canon lens 75/300 at 300mm f 5/6, iso 3200,102x15s ,clip optolong l-pro eos filter,capture with Apt,sum with Sequator and processing with Photoshop,help of the minitrack lx astroinseguitor
Tomada desde Observatorio Astronómico Altaír
Equipo:
Camara: ZWO ASI1600MM-C
Telescopio: Orion80ed + Orion Rf 0.8x
Filtros: Ha 12nm (Optolong), RGB (ZWO Premium Filters)
Guiado: EZG-60 + Orion Starshoot Autoguider
Montura: Celestron CGEM
Ha: 15x600s
R: 10x300s
G: 10x300s
B: 10x300s
Bin: 1x1
Temp: -15°C
Captura: Sequence Generator Pro + PHD2
Procesado: PixInsight 1.8 + Ps6
IC 405
equipment:
ZWO 1600mm-Pro
AT72edii Scope
Celestron AVX
ZWO LRGB filters
SSAG Autoguider
Optolong NB filters
Exposure: 180" 150 gain 21 offset
7 hours - Ha
2 hours - Oiii
2 hours- Sii
The Whale galaxy (NGC 4631) at top left, with its dwarf elliptical companion galaxy NGC 4627, and the Hockey Stick galaxy, NGC 4656 ato lower right. Both of these galaxies are barred spirals but lie edge on to our line of sight.
This is an integrated LRGB image taken with a William Optics FLT110 scope with Flat4, a QHY163M mono camera and Optolong LRGB filters. Approx 100 x 120s frames with each filter. Image sequencing was managed via SGP and PHD2, a Lakeside Astro focuser enabled autofocus and the mount was a Skywatcher AZ EQ6-GT. All post-processing was carried out in PixInsight.
Taken from Prachinburi, Thailand.
NGC 253 (anche UGCA 13, PGC 2789, Caldwell 65), la Galassia dello Scultore, è una grande galassia a spirale nella costellazione dello Scultore. Fa parte del vicino Gruppo dello Scultore, un insieme di galassie di cui NGC 253 occupa la posizione dominante. Per dimensioni e massa, è la seconda grande galassia più vicina alla Via Lattea, dopo la Galassia di Andromeda. La sua distanza dalla Via Lattea è stimata sugli 11,4 milioni di anni luce.
La galassia fu scoperta da Caroline Herschel nel 1783 mentre cercava nuove comete. Circa mezzo secolo dopo, John Herschel la osservò con il suo telescopio di 18 pollici (45,7 cm) con specchio metallico da Capo di Buona Speranza. Dal mio punto di osservazione la sua altezza massima è di 24°
Sky-Watcher Newton 200/1000 PDS @960 con riduttore Tecnosky
ToupTek 571c
Guida Phd2 con ASI 224 tele 60/240
Sky-Watcher Eq6r pro
Light 40 da 300"
Optolong L-QEF
Software di acquisizione N.I.N.A
Stacking DSS elab. PixInsight e Photoshop
Ripresa del 9 e 12 Dicembre 2024
Sannicola LE Italy
SQM 19.48
With the Optolong L-eNhance LPF (even though taken in a sucker hole this shows how much better you can pick up color within a city even with less capture time. Check the next image without the filter.
Crescent Nebula was the brightest HII and OIII object in the area.
There looks to exist vast and thin oblique HII region between the area and us, which is shining red but not illuminated by OIII light. The darker red part is outer surface of Gamma Cygni Shell or Gamma Cygni Bubble, and other part is inner surface of the shell, which was illuminated with OIII light from Crescent Nebula existing inside the shell.
equipment: AstroPhysics 130GTX "Granturismo," Field Flattener at f/6.7 focal length 873mm, 22.1mm Spacer, EOS Adapter, Kipon EOS-EOS R adapter, Optolong L-ultimate Dual 3nm Filter, and Canon EOS R-SP4II, modified by Seo-san on Sky-Watcher CQ350 Pro Equatorial mount, autoguided with Fujinon 1:2.8/75mm C-Mount Lens, Pentax x2 Extender, ZWO ASI 120MM-mini, and PHD2 Guiding
exposure: 7 times x 600 seconds, 4 x 240 sec, and 5 x 60 seconds at ISO 6,400 and f/6.7
site: 1,450m above sea level at lat. 35 55 53 North and long. 138 24 54 East in the parking near Makiba-Kohen near Mt.Yatsugatake Yamanashi 山梨県まきば公園. Ambient temperature was around 1 degree Celsius or 34 degrees Fahrenheit. Wind was mild, and SQML was up to 21.23. Seeing was bad, and guide error RMS was around 1". Six-day 42% illuminated Moon was in the sky during first half of the imaging session.
NGC 237 Nebulosa Roseta
A Nebulosa da Roseta teria outro nome que poderia descrever melhor esse lindo sinal no céu? O seu nome oficial de catálogo é NGC 237, mas esse nome, certamente não mostra a beleza e aparência floral dessa nebulosa de emissão. Dentro da nebulosa é possível ver um aglomerado aberto de estrelas jovens e brilhantes, designado de NGC 2244. Essas estrelas se formaram a cerca de 4 milhões de anos atrás, do material nebular e seus ventos estelares estão literalmente abrindo um buraco no interior da nebulosa, buraco esse que parece isolado por uma camada de poeira e gás quente. A luz ultravioleta das estrelas quentes do aglomerado faz com que a nebulosa ao redor brilhe intensamente. A Nebulosa da Rosetta se espalha por aproximadamente 100 anos-luz de diâmetro, e localiza-se a cerca de 5000 anos-luz de distância da Terra, e pode ser vista até mesmo com pequenos telescópios apontando-os para a constelação de Monoceros, o Unicórnio.
Tipo: Galáxias espirais
DADOS TÉCNICOS
Local: Atibaia SP
Escala de Bortle: Bortle 5
Tempos de exposição: 1h20min em 16 frames de 300"
Temperatura da câmera: -10°C
Ganho: 120
Aplicados darks, flats e dark flat frames
Equipamento
– Montagem equatorial DM-01
– Telescópio Apocromatico Askar80mm″ F7,5
– Câmera ZWO ASI294MC Cooled
– Autoguiagem com câmera ZWO ASI120mini em guider GSO 50f3.6
– Filtro Optolong 2” CLS-CCD
Software
– empilhamento: DeepSkyStacker
– Processamento: PixInsight
Here it is NGC7023 IRIS NEBULA with some cosmic dust patches, but I'm not totally happy with this. At the beginning of the night, again problems with setting everything up and then clouds like mist were rolling out, some part of the frames were lost. Guiding was playing some games with me as well.
Scope: Skywatcher EVOSTAR 80ED DS-Pro
Mount: HEQ5Pro
Camera: QHY168C
Filter Optolong L-PRO MAX Luminosity
Guiding camera: ZWO ASI120MM
Guiding scope: Finderscope 9x50
20x300s exposure at -10°C (100 min total)
binning 1x1
10xdarks
10xbias
Inside the Cocoon Nebula is a newly developing cluster of stars. The cosmic Cocoon also features a long trail of obscuring
interstellar dust clouds. The two combined make it one of my favorite objects! Tonight I'll attempt to add Hydrogen Alpha to it. It is also know as IC 5146, and this amazing nebula is approximately 15 light-years wide and located some 4,000 light years
away toward the constellation of the Cygnus the Swan.
#cocoonnebula #ic5146
#astrophotography #astrobackyard #losmandy #losmandygm8 #zwo #asi533mcpro #optolong
Technical Info:
Optics: SGO 6" f/4 Imaging Newtonian @ 610mm FL
Explore Scientific 2" HR Coma Corrector
Camera: ZWO ASI533MC Pro
Filter: 2" Optolong L-Enhance
Mount: Losmandy GM8
Guiding: QHY Mini Guide Scope + PHD2 Software
Acquisition: Sequence Generator Pro
Exposure: Light (Gain 200) - 40 subs @ 240 Seconds (160 Minutes)
Calibration: 50 Bias, 30 Darks, 0 Flats
Processing: Deep Sky Stacker, Adobe Photoshop, Topaz Denoise AI, Astronomy Action Set plug in for PS, Astro Flat Pro plug in for PS
This is my goto region for testing imaging the Moon.
The craters at the bottom are Herodotus (on the left) and Aristarchus (on the right). Extending above them, to the north then turning west is Vallis Schroteri. Toward the top of the image is Mons Herodotus and Rima Agricola.
This was shot with the Celestron Edge HD 925 and ZWO ASI120MM. I tried taking stacks with the green and blue filters, but clouds were moving in. I wasn't able to get as sharp an image with those. Thus, this is only with the Optolong R filter. The imaging path off the back of the scope was a ZWO EFW filter wheel, followed by a TeleVue 3x Barlow (mounted backwards), followed by some spacers, followed by the camera. Using the Barlow this way doesn't quite give you 3x, but it still more than doubles the focal length. I'll need to do some tests to figure out exactly what I'm getting. I have found that the farther you put the camera from the Barlow, the more focal length you get. That shouldn't be surprising, but it was nice to confirm.
Best 400 of 1000 frames, stacked in AutoStakkert. Remaining processing in PixInsight. Taken on the night of 2021-08-20, with the Moon at a lunation of 12.65 days, 98.0% illuminated, and a distance of 371500 km.
My attempt to capture M5, a globular cluster in the constellation Serpens.
99x180"
QHY8L
Sky-Watcher 200/1000 reflector
Sky-Watcher NEQ6-Pro
Optolong L-Pro filter
Also known as the Needle Galaxy, Berenice's Hair Clip, Flying Saucer Galaxy, is an edge-on spiral galaxy about 30 to 50 million light-years away in the constellation Coma Berenices.
Telescope: WO ZenithStar 81 Refractor
Mount: Losmandy GM811G
Imaging Camera: ZWO ASI 2600MC Pro
Filter: Optolong L-Pro Filter
Site: Elk Grove, California, USA
Calibration Files: None
Guiding: ZWO ASI 174mm mini/Orion 60mm Guidescope/PHD2
Integration Time: 2h 39m
No of Frames: 53
Sub Exposure Time: 180 seconds
Bortle Zone: Class 6
Date Taken: April 1, 2021
Technical Details:
Collaboration with Christian Sasse
89x120 sec
ZWO 6200MC
Optolong L-Pro Filter
C14 Edge HD w/ Hyperstar V4
From Siding Spring Australia
Paramount ME
Pixinsight
Lightroom
Photoshop
GraXpert
Cette cible assez mythique me tenait à cœur de la faire en gros plan. Située en plein milieu de ma constellation préférée : Cassiopée, celle qui fait un W dans le ciel.
C'est une nébuleuse en émission assez difficile à imager car très faible, je suis vraiment content du résultat... J'ai vraiment hâte de l'imprimer celle ci...
IC 63 (à droite) également appelée le fantôme de Cassiopée est une nébuleuse diffuse très faible, elle est située à environ 550 années-lumière .Elle est accompagnée par IC 59 (à gauche) plus proche de Navi ou Gamma Cas, la grosse étoile qui est un peu plus en haut à gauche mais qui n'apparait pas dans le champ, mais on voit son "halo" bleu. Navi est l'étoile au milieu du W.
28h35min de pose en 4 nuits
Composition Ha RHaGB
Dates:
6 octobre 2023 · 7 octobre 2023 · 8 octobre 2023 · 9 octobre 2023
Equipement : TS-Optics N-AG12 Newtonian Astrograph
ZWO ASI6200MM Pro
Sky-Watcher EQ8-R Pro
Primaluce Lab SESTO SENSO 2
Guidage avec :
Sky-Watcher Evostar AC 90/900
ZWO ASI120MM Mini
Images unitaires:
Optolong Blue 2": 53×300,″(4h 25′)
Optolong Green 2": 47×300,″(3h 55′)
Optolong H-Alpha 3nm 2": 100×600,″(16h 40′)
Optolong Red 2": 43×300,″(3h 35′)
May 21st 2021
Williams Optics Redcat 51
ZWO183mc pro
Optolong l-extreme filter
ZWO air pro
Sky-Watcher HEQ5 Pro
120 mins Lights. Flats , Darks and Bias.
Gain 122 at -10C
Processed in APP and Pixinsight
Continuing to work on the SHO palette
The Crescent Nebula
I spend to this project a second session with 30 240-sec. frames on a night with 1/3 moon. Added the 12 frames from a another session to the new 30 frames and stacked again...
Canon EOS 700Da
HEQ-5
GPU
TS-Photon 154/600 Newton
50/180 Guiding Scope
ASI 120 MM mini
Kstars/Ekos/INDI
42x 240sec RGB
15x Dark
20x Bias
20x Flat
Optolong L-eNhance Dualband Narrwband Filter
Siril v0.9.11-1:
Processing: Photometric CC
Processing: Histogram Transf.
Processing: SCNR
Gimp:
Stretch, Sharpening, Denoise, Color Correction ...
4h 55min integration time, stacked in PixInsight and processed in Photoshop.
William Optics Fluorostar 91 with A6II flattener/reducer and ASI2600MC Pro with Optolong L-eNhance filter on ZWO AM5 mount.
Version française en haut, English version below
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[Version française]
La nébuleuse trifide, de son petit nom M20 ou NGC6514, j'en ai bien bavé sur son traitement !!! Autant son acquisition, pour une fois, ça s'est passé comme une lettre à la poste, mais son traitement ...
Alors, parlons déjà de ce qu'il y a sur cette image (astrométrie : nova.astrometry.net/annotated_full/8884636 ) :
La nébuleuse trifide s'appelle comme ça à cause de sa séparation en 3 lobes par une nébuleuse obscure. Elle se situe dans la voie lactée, en direction du bulbe (donc plein sud, pas très haut dessus de l'horizon depuis la France), dans la région du sagittaire, non loin d'une nébuleuse visible à l'oeil nu assez facilement par bon ciel, la nébuleuse de la lagune. La nébuleuse trifide est aussi visible à l'oeil nu, mais à peine. Avec des bonnes jumelles en revanche, on la distingue bien comme une tâche blanche (au dessus d'une plus grande, la lagune).
Cette nébuleuse en émission est d'une région très riche en hydrogène (région HII) qui renferme un amas ouvert d'étoiles (NGC6514). L'ensemble se trouve à 3960 années lumières de nous (sa lumière est partie à une époque de sécheresse intense qui a duré plusieurs décénies et a vu l'aridification du sahara et le début de la civilisation égyptienne).
La région bleue, plus diffuse, en dessous, est aussi une région gazeuse éclairée par un couple d'étoiles (une binaire spectroscopique bleue, HD 164402) ; c'est donc une nébuleuse en réflexion.
En haut à gauche, il ya une étoile brillante : c'est Sagittarius 4, une étoile distante de 420 AL. C'est une binaire qui a un mouvement propre élevé. Cela signifie qu'en quelques années, vous ne la trouveriez pas exactement à la même place.
En bas à droite, on voit clairement un amas ouvert d'étoiles, plutôt brillantes et bien visibles avec des jumelles C'est M21 (ou NGC 6531). Cet amas distant de 3930 AL est très récent (6.6 millions d'années, donc hier).
Tout en haut à droite, le photo montre une partie d'un autre amas ouvert, NGC 6546.
Parlons technique : J'ai fait cette photo avec un télescope de Newton SkyWatcher 150/750 avec correcteur de coma, monté sur une AZ-EQ5. Comme capteur j'utilise un Canon 1200 D défiltré partiellement et un filtre Optolong L-Enhance. L'ensemble est autoguidé avec une Kepler 50/162 + Zwo Asi 120mm + PhD2 sur Raspberry Pi3 B.
Cette photo est le cumul de 60 brutes de 3 minutes de pose unitaire (sur un total de 108 ; j'ai du jeter les 48 faites entre 1h26 et 3h50 d'abord à cause de nuages puis à cause d'un arbre). J'ai donc un cumul de 3h ce qui est plutôt pas mal pour cette nébuleuse assez lumineuse. J'ai fait également 30/30/30 DOF. J'ai du refaire les darks chez moi (à la même température) car je me suis trompé de réglage sur place.
Globalement, c'était une acquisition facile avec une mise en station très rapide et une soirée agréable au coin du feu avec nuit sous la tente. Mais ... mais c'était sans compter avec le traitement !
Le traitement : bien qu'ayant tout fait dans les règles de l'art sous Siril (prétraitement DOF avec des masters bien vérifiés, retrait du gradient linéaire, ... jusqu'à accumulation), je me suis retrouvé avec un effet de trame épouvantable ! la trame, c'est des rayures liées à l'accumulation sur le même endroit du ciel photographié des défaut de l'appareil. Et là j'ai vite compris le problème : ma mise en station était trop parfaite. Effectivement, j'avais une courbe d'autoguidage exceptionnelle. Et surtout, je ne faisais pas de dithering ! L'erreur ! Le dithering consiste, entre chaque pose, à faire bouger très légèrement le capteur (par un mouvement de la monture) devant le champ photographié, afin que ce ne soit jamais exactement le même champ au même endroit du capteur.
Virer la trame de photos, c'est l'enfer ! surtout si elle forte.
Donc j'ai innové dans ma technique. J'ai installé FiJi (une distribution particulière d'ImageJ, un logiciel pro spécialisé dans le traitement d'image, très utilisé dans les labos). J'ai travaillé sur la transformée de fourier (TF) image des 2 canaux couleur (R,G,B) de l'image starless (que j'ai faite juste avant avec StarnetV2). En pratique, j'ai identifié le signal de la trame dans la TF d'une image ne contenant que la trame (une sélection dans l'image globale). J'ai ensuite généré une TF de l'image (voir flic.kr/p/2oSh4zM), puis travaillé plusieurs heures pour éliminer ce signal de trame de la TF. Pour ça, j'ai d'une part recopié des zones sans trame de l'image TF vers elle même. D'autre part, dans l'image d'origine, j'ai recouvert les zones d'intérêt (nébuleuses) par des zones de trame (avec des copier-coller), généré une TF image, puis retranché cette TF à la TF de l'image d'origine. Ensuite, je réobtenais les images traitées par TF inverse. Là, comme ça, on se dit que ok, pas mal, mais que a l'air de le faire ... en pratique cétait bien bien bien pénible !
Donc enjoy cette version de la nébuleuse qui m'a donné beaucoup de mal !
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[English version]
The Trifid Nebula, also known as M20 or NGC 6514, gave me a hard time during its processing!!! While its acquisition went smoothly for once, the processing...
So, let's talk about what's in this image (astrometry: nova.astrometry.net/annotated_full/8884636):
The Trifid Nebula got its name from the way it separates into three lobes by a dark nebula. It is located in the Milky Way, towards the bulge (so south, not very high above the horizon from France), in the Sagittarius region, not far from another nebula that can be easily seen with the naked eye on a clear night, the Lagoon Nebula. The Trifid Nebula is also visible with the naked eye, but barely. With good binoculars, however, you can clearly see it as a white spot (above a larger one, the Lagoon Nebula).
This emission nebula is part of a region rich in hydrogen (HII region) that contains an open cluster of stars (NGC 6514). The entire complex is 3,960 light-years away from us (its light left during a period of intense drought that lasted for several decades, marking the aridification of the Sahara and the beginning of the Egyptian civilization).
The blue, more diffuse region below is also a gaseous region illuminated by a pair of stars (a blue spectroscopic binary, HD 164402); thus, it is a reflection nebula.
In the top left corner, there is a bright star: Sagittarius 4, a star located 420 light-years away. It is a binary star with a high proper motion, which means that in a few years, you wouldn't find it in exactly the same place.
In the bottom right, you can clearly see an open cluster of stars, quite bright and visible with binoculars. It is M21 (or NGC 6531). This cluster, 3,930 light-years away, is very young (6.6 million years, so relatively recent).
At the top right, the photo shows a part of another open cluster, NGC 6546.
Let's talk about the technique: I took this photo with a SkyWatcher Newtonian telescope 150/750 with a coma corrector, mounted on an AZ-EQ5 mount. As a sensor, I used a partially defiltered Canon 1200D and an Optolong L-Enhance filter. The setup is autoguided with a Kepler 50/162 + Zwo Asi 120mm + PhD2 on a Raspberry Pi3 B.
This photo is the stack of 60 light frames of 3 minutes each (out of a total of 108; I had to discard the 48 taken between 1:26 a.m. and 3:50 a.m. due to clouds and then a tree). So, I have a total integration time of 3 hours, which is quite good for this relatively bright nebula. I also used 30 dark frames, 30 flat frames, and 30 bias frames. I had to remake the dark frames at home (at the same temperature) because I made a mistake with the settings on site.
Overall, it was an easy acquisition with a very quick alignment, and I had an enjoyable evening by the fire with a night under the tent. But... that was without counting on the processing!
The processing: Although I did everything properly with Siril (preprocessing with verified masters, linear gradient removal, and stacking), I ended up with a horrible grid effect! The grid is the result of the accumulation of the same defects on the photographed sky in multiple frames. And I quickly understood the problem: my alignment was too perfect. Indeed, I had an exceptional autoguiding curve. And most importantly, I wasn't dithering! The error! Dithering involves slightly moving the sensor (by a mount movement) between each frame so that the same part of the sky is never exactly in the same position on the sensor.
Getting rid of the grid from photos is a nightmare! Especially if it's strong.
So, I innovated in my technique. I installed FiJi (a specific distribution of ImageJ, a professional image processing software widely used in labs). I worked on the Fourier transform (FT) of the color channels (R, G, B) of the starless image (which I created just before with StarnetV2). In practice, I identified the grid signal in the FT of an image containing only the grid (a selection from the overall image). Then, I generated an FT of the image (here : flic.kr/p/2oSh4zM) and worked for several hours to remove this grid signal from the FT. To do this, on the one hand, I copied grid-free areas from the FT image to itself. On the other hand, in the original image, I covered the areas of interest (nebulae) with grid areas (using copy-paste), generated an FT image, and then subtracted this FT from the FT of the original image. Then, I restored the processed images by inverse FT. On the surface, it may seem okay, but in practice, it was really, really, really painstaking!
So, enjoy this version of the nebula that gave me a lot of trouble!
Sadr region with the Kitcat 135mm Rokinon lens
Zwo ASI071MC Pro cooled mono camera
Pegasus EAF, 10X7 degrees FOV
Had clear skies last night, Full moon, some clouds
Optolong L eNhance 2" filter
#SharpCap Pro, PoleMaster
Ioptron CEM 25 Pro EQ mount
200 Gain offset 20, 0c cooling,
Sadr region was 2 hours, 5 minutes exposure each
24 frames total
12 darks 12 flats and 12 bias frames
Astro Pixel Processor and PS
Was out at Starr ranch