Animal Taxonomy - Diptera
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真的很喜歡這張， 剛好有前方那片樹林剪影，讓我的星芒能在天色完全變黑前，就顯現出來 ^^
eng.taiwan.net.tw/m1.aspx?sNo=0002112&id=R117
Gaomei was called Gaomi in the Qing Dynasty and was renamed during the Japanese occupation. The wetlands here are over 300 hectares, but the area is only 1/10 of Dadu River wetlands. The geography is divided into 7 categories, which results in diversified organisms in this area. Gaomei Wetlands is one of the few places that has wild ducks.
Despite the small area, Gaomei Wetlands have special soils mixed with mud and sand. Ecology here breeds diversified organisms of both plants and animals. Research shows that animals here include birds, fishes, crabs and invertebrates.
位於清水大甲溪出海口南側，廣達1,500公頃的高美濕地，擁有豐富的天然資源，是國內少數幾處雁鴨集體繁殖區之一。 曾在高美濕地棲息的鳥類有多達120餘種，為重要之生態保育區。 目前已逐漸取代大肚溪口，成為喜好賞鳥人士的新興賞線。
高美濕地雖然面積不大，但是由於泥質及沙質灘地兼具，加上與河口沼澤地帶鑲嵌在一起，所以孕育了豐富又複雜的濕地生態，以及目前所知全台灣最大族群的雲林莞草區，形成乾濕相間伴有植物生長的複雜地形，因為地形多變，生態種類亦相當複雜，主要為鳥類、魚類、蟹類及其他無脊椎類等生物。
I inverted the back and white image and then the little frozen bubbles look like single-celled organisms......
Ice-abstract.
The lowest point in North America is a surreal landscape of vast salt flats.
Badwater Basin is the lowest point in North America at 282 ft (86 m) below sea level. The salt flats here cover nearly 200 square miles (518 square km), and are composed mostly of sodium chloride (table salt), along with calcite, gypsum, and borax.
Stories suggest that Badwater Basin earned its name when a mule belonging to an early surveyor refused to drink from the spring-fed pool near the present-day boardwalk. However, the water here is not truly “bad,” just very salty. Despite this high salinity, many organisms not only survive, but thrive here. The pool is home to an endemic snail naturally found only at this location, and its rim is dotted with salt tolerant plants, including pickleweed.
A small offshore salt formation surrounded by pink water full of salt-loving organisms gives it an unusual pink color.
The Great Salt Lake - GPS is not the exact spot of the photo.
No need to comment – Just enjoy :-)
On a mountain, weather and the organisms that live there rapidly change as elevation increases. As temperatures get colder, tree species change, and then become scarcer before disappearing entirely. At the top there may be nothing but snow and ice. But even these bleak landscapes are home to a diverse array of plants and animals adapted for that environment.
Until recently, mountain habitats have been largely protected because of their inaccessibility. As people have moved into the mountains to live, for recreation and to obtain valuable resources such as timber, mountain ecosystems around the world have been subject to degradation and destruction.
The oldest single living organism on earth and capable of living for thousands of years. Photographed on Mount Evans, Colorado at 11,540 ft.
In der Makrofotografie wird ein Objekt so vor der Kamera positioniert, dass es auf der Aufnahme sehr groß und detailliert wiedergegeben wird. Im engeren Sinne spricht man von Makrofotografie, wenn das Bild des Objekts auf dem Kamerasensor genauso groß erscheint wie das Objekt selbst; der Abbildungsmaßstab ist dann exakt 1, auch als 1:1 dargestellt. Dies ist auch der bei Makroobjektiven häufig vorzufindende maximale Abbildungsmaßstab. Fotografie mit größeren Abbildungsmaßstäben, bei denen das Objekt auf dem Film (bzw. bei Digitalkameras den Sensoren) sehr viel größer abgebildet wird, bezeichnet man als Mikrofotografie. In der Norm DIN 19040 zählt alles im Maßstabbereich zwischen 1:10 und 10:1 als Nah- bzw. Makroaufnahme.
Macro photography (or photomacrography or macrography, and sometimes macrophotography is extreme close-up photography, usually of very small subjects and living organisms like insects, in which the size of the subject in the photograph is greater than life size (though macrophotography also refers to the art of making very large photographs). By the original definition, a macro photograph is one in which the size of the subject on the negative or image sensor is life size or greater. In some senses, however, it refers to a finished photograph of a subject that is greater than life size.
A lichen is a composite organism that arises from algae or cyanobacteria (or both) living among filaments of a fungus in a symbiotic relationship.
Anastomosed runoff channels flow near the Back Basin Trail south of Porkchop Geyser in Norris Geyser Basin, Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming. This runoff drains into Tantalus Creek which is the outlet for most of the hot springs outflow at Norris. The green and brown colors are due to organism like cyanobacteria that grow in the warm, acidic, hot springs runoff.
fungus (plural: fungi or funguses is any member of the group of eukaryotic organisms that includes microorganisms such as yeasts and molds, as well as the more familiar mushrooms. These organisms are classified as a kingdom, separately from the other eukaryotic kingdoms, which by one traditional classification include Plantae, Animalia, Protozoa, and Chromista.
A characteristic that places fungi in a different kingdom from plants, bacteria, and some protists is chitin in their cell walls. Fungi, like animals, are heterotrophs; they acquire their food by absorbing dissolved molecules, typically by secreting digestive enzymes into their environment. Fungi do not photosynthesize. Growth is their means of mobility, except for spores (a few of which are flagellated), which may travel through the air or water. Fungi are the principal decomposers in ecological systems. These and other differences place fungi in a single group of related organisms, named the Eumycota (true fungi or Eumycetes), that share a common ancestor (i.e. they form a monophyletic group), an interpretation that is also strongly supported by molecular phylogenetics. This fungal group is distinct from the structurally similar myxomycetes (slime molds) and oomycetes (water molds). The discipline of biology devoted to the study of fungi is known as mycology (from the Greek μύκης mykes, mushroom). In the past, mycology was regarded as a branch of botany, although it is now known fungi are genetically more closely related to animals than to plants.
Abundant worldwide, most fungi are inconspicuous because of the small size of their structures, and their cryptic lifestyles in soil or on dead matter. Fungi include symbionts of plants, animals, or other fungi and also parasites. They may become noticeable when fruiting, either as mushrooms or as molds. Fungi perform an essential role in the decomposition of organic matter and have fundamental roles in nutrient cycling and exchange in the environment. They have long been used as a direct source of human food, in the form of mushrooms and truffles; as a leavening agent for bread; and in the fermentation of various food products, such as wine, beer, and soy sauce. Since the 1940s, fungi have been used for the production of antibiotics, and, more recently, various enzymes produced by fungi are used industrially and in detergents. Fungi are also used as biological pesticides to control weeds, plant diseases and insect pests. Many species produce bioactive compounds called mycotoxins, such as alkaloids and polyketides, that are toxic to animals including humans. The fruiting structures of a few species contain psychotropic compounds and are consumed recreationally or in traditional spiritual ceremonies. Fungi can break down manufactured materials and buildings, and become significant pathogens of humans and other animals. Losses of crops due to fungal diseases (e.g., rice blast disease) or food spoilage can have a large impact on human food supplies and local economies.
The fungus kingdom encompasses an enormous diversity of taxa with varied ecologies, life cycle strategies, and morphologies ranging from unicellular aquatic chytrids to large mushrooms. However, little is known of the true biodiversity of Kingdom Fungi, which has been estimated at 2.2 million to 3.8 million species.[5] Of these, only about 148,000 have been described,[6] with over 8,000 species known to be detrimental to plants and at least 300 that can be pathogenic to humans.[7] Ever since the pioneering 18th and 19th century taxonomical works of Carl Linnaeus, Christiaan Hendrik Persoon, and Elias Magnus Fries, fungi have been classified according to their morphology (e.g., characteristics such as spore color or microscopic features) or physiology. Advances in molecular genetics have opened the way for DNA analysis to be incorporated into taxonomy, which has sometimes challenged the historical groupings based on morphology and other traits. Phylogenetic studies published in the first decade of the 21st century have helped reshape the classification within Kingdom Fungi, which is divided into one subkingdom, seven phyla, and ten subphyla.
Oudemansiella mucida, commonly known as porcelain fungus, is a basidiomycete fungus of the family Physalacriaceae and native to Europe. O. mucida is a white, slimy wood-rot fungus and is strongly tied to rotting beech, where it grows in clusters
Fungus (plural: fungi or funguses is any member of the group of eukaryotic organisms that includes microorganisms such as yeasts and molds, as well as the more familiar mushrooms. These organisms are classified as a kingdom, separately from the other eukaryotic kingdoms, which by one traditional classification include Plantae, Animalia, Protozoa, and Chromista.
A characteristic that places fungi in a different kingdom from plants, bacteria, and some protists is chitin in their cell walls. Fungi, like animals, are heterotrophs; they acquire their food by absorbing dissolved molecules, typically by secreting digestive enzymes into their environment. Fungi do not photosynthesize. Growth is their means of mobility, except for spores (a few of which are flagellated), which may travel through the air or water. Fungi are the principal decomposers in ecological systems. These and other differences place fungi in a single group of related organisms, named the Eumycota (true fungi or Eumycetes), that share a common ancestor (i.e. they form a monophyletic group), an interpretation that is also strongly supported by molecular phylogenetics. This fungal group is distinct from the structurally similar myxomycetes (slime molds) and oomycetes (water molds). The discipline of biology devoted to the study of fungi is known as mycology (from the Greek μύκης mykes, mushroom). In the past, mycology was regarded as a branch of botany, although it is now known fungi are genetically more closely related to animals than to plants.
Abundant worldwide, most fungi are inconspicuous because of the small size of their structures, and their cryptic lifestyles in soil or on dead matter. Fungi include symbionts of plants, animals, or other fungi and also parasites. They may become noticeable when fruiting, either as mushrooms or as molds. Fungi perform an essential role in the decomposition of organic matter and have fundamental roles in nutrient cycling and exchange in the environment. They have long been used as a direct source of human food, in the form of mushrooms and truffles; as a leavening agent for bread; and in the fermentation of various food products, such as wine, beer, and soy sauce. Since the 1940s, fungi have been used for the production of antibiotics, and, more recently, various enzymes produced by fungi are used industrially and in detergents. Fungi are also used as biological pesticides to control weeds, plant diseases and insect pests. Many species produce bioactive compounds called mycotoxins, such as alkaloids and polyketides, that are toxic to animals including humans. The fruiting structures of a few species contain psychotropic compounds and are consumed recreationally or in traditional spiritual ceremonies. Fungi can break down manufactured materials and buildings, and become significant pathogens of humans and other animals. Losses of crops due to fungal diseases (e.g., rice blast disease) or food spoilage can have a large impact on human food supplies and local economies.
The fungus kingdom encompasses an enormous diversity of taxa with varied ecologies, life cycle strategies, and morphologies ranging from unicellular aquatic chytrids to large mushrooms. However, little is known of the true biodiversity of Kingdom Fungi, which has been estimated at 2.2 million to 3.8 million species.[5] Of these, only about 148,000 have been described,[6] with over 8,000 species known to be detrimental to plants and at least 300 that can be pathogenic to humans.[7] Ever since the pioneering 18th and 19th century taxonomical works of Carl Linnaeus, Christiaan Hendrik Persoon, and Elias Magnus Fries, fungi have been classified according to their morphology (e.g., characteristics such as spore color or microscopic features) or physiology. Advances in molecular genetics have opened the way for DNA analysis to be incorporated into taxonomy, which has sometimes challenged the historical groupings based on morphology and other traits. Phylogenetic studies published in the first decade of the 21st century have helped reshape the classification within Kingdom Fungi, which is divided into one subkingdom, seven phyla, and ten subphyla.
La bioluminescence est un phénomène chimique qui permet à des organismes d'émettre de la lumière.
Elle est liée à la réaction entre une protéine (appelée "luciférase") et une molécule très énergétique (dite "luciférine"), en présence d'oxygène.
I was looking at that giant rock standing in the middle of the seawater and keep wondering what it is!!!
After I did some searching, it turned out that it’s an island and its name is “Al-Fahal Island” aka “Shark Island” (not sure where that shark name came from).
According to a local tourism website, it’s an island that is popular for the beauty it hides under its waters. It’s 4 kilometers off the coast of Muscat at Qurum Beach, with a total area of 2.24 km2. The limestone rocks that make up the island go back to the Eocene period.
The island is a home to many marine organisms such as shellfish, corals, algae and other types of marine life.
Over the time, tectonic movements have caused it to rise above sea level, making it a witness to a long geological history.
The island is a nature reserve that requires a permit from the concerned authorities to visit or dive to explore the features of marine life at its bottom.
www.instagram.com/lightcrafter.artistry
I absolutely love optical illusions. I altered this image (the original is not my own) to create one myself; it works best when viewed on a large screen. As you move your eyes around the image--center, edges, and in-between--the dark areas will seem to gently expand. Don't focus too hard on details, or try too hard; just relax, look around the image, and sometimes focus on one area for a little longer.
Optical illusions are fascinating, because they expose the truth about how our brain perceives the world around us. We do not simply see and interpret "what's there" in front of us, but rather, our brain is interpreting and processing what our eyes are taking in. The human brain is amazing, and most of the time it pieces together an an accurate, intelligible picture of our surroundings, but for some reasons, which are still fairly obscure to vision scientists, some situations trick our mind into seeing something that isn't really there, such as colors, movement, and ambiguous shapes. This is because of how our brains are hard-wired to to make sense of what we see. For example, just because you know something is an optical illusion, and know what is going to happen, you can't just tell your brain to stop seeing the illusion; it's how your brain works.
In a way, we see with our mind. Our mind's eye is amazing, and is one more reason to marvel at the human organism.
"Whilst part of what we perceive comes through our senses from the object before us, another part (and it may be the larger part) always comes out of our own mind." --William James
"I just got you to look incredibly silly while you stared intensely at your computer screen or cell-phone." --Daniel Kessel
All images © 2017 Daniel Kessel.
All rights reserved
A 2220 m d'altitudine, vi si accede in 1 ora tramite un sentiero. E' il più grande lago d'altitudine naturale d'Europa. Di origine glaciale, è la principale falda acquatica naturale della Haute-Provence.
Il suo colore eccezionale è dovuto alla sua altitudine elevata, che non permette ai micro-organismi di svilupparvisi. Accolti dai fischi delle marmotte ( evidentemente si e' saliti lentamente e goffamente :-) , vi si viene a pescare il salmerino alpino.
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Au cœur du Parc national du Mercantour, le lac d'Allos (Alpes-de-Haute-Provence) est perché à 2 220 m d'altitude. Dominé par le mont Pelat (3 052 mètres), il est le plus grand lac naturel d'altitude en Europe. Il s'étend sur 60 ha et a une profondeur atteignant 50 m.
Lac d'origine glacière, il abrite une importante population de truites et d'ombles chevaliers, qui a été pêchée au filet jusqu'à la création du parc du Mercantour en 1979. Ses eaux sont évacuées par un passage souterrain naturel, qui aboutit à la source du Chadoulin, dont les eaux rejoignent celles du Verdon[1].
Accès : 1h de marche aller-retour à partir du parking du plateau de Laus, après les hameaux de Villard et la forêt de Cluite, sur la commune d'Allos - Il faut ensuite compter 1h pour faire le tour du lac.
Sur les bords du lac a été édifiée une chapelle consacrée à la Vierge Marie invoquée sous le vocable de Notre-Dame des Monts.
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El Lago de Allos situado en el corazón del parque nacional de Mercantour (Alpes-de-Haute-Provence) se encuentra a 2230 m de altitud. Es el lago de altitud más grande de Europa. Está dominado por el Mont Pelat (3052 m).
Lago de origen glaciar, acoge una importante población de truchas, que podían ser pescadas hasta la creación del parque de Mercantour en 1979.
It takes a microscopic organism to make us see just how intricately woven our human existence has become. For my husbank and I, it's become a daily struggle now to determine what is essential and non-essential when it comes to completing a task that requires human interaction. Being in the over 60 with a history of respiratory issues group, I have to keep reminding myself (and my husband) that it only takes one interaction.
I feel fortunate to have been brought up by a mother who was/is a very frugal and private person. Shelter in place was a lifestyle we practiced often in our childhood due to frequent household moves or social isolation due to being the preacher's kids.
It's time to start pruning the rasperries and fruit trees, remove debris from garden beds, and soak up some sunshine.
eng.taiwan.net.tw/m1.aspx?sNo=0002111&id=R117
Gaomei was called Gaomi in the Qing Dynasty and was renamed during the Japanese occupation. The wetlands here are over 300 hectares, but the area is only 1/10 of Dadu River wetlands. The geography is divided into 7 categories, which results in diversified organisms in this area. Gaomei Wetlands is one of the few places that has wild ducks.
Despite the small area, Gaomei Wetlands have special soils mixed with mud and sand. Ecology here breeds diversified organisms of both plants and animals. Research shows that animals here include birds, fishes, crabs and invertebrates.
位於清水大甲溪出海口南側，廣達1,500公頃的高美濕地，擁有豐富的天然資源，是國內少數幾處雁鴨集體繁殖區之一。 曾在高美濕地棲息的鳥類有多達120餘種，為重要之生態保育區。 目前已逐漸取代大肚溪口，成為喜好賞鳥人士的新興賞線。
高美濕地雖然面積不大，但是由於泥質及沙質灘地兼具，加上與河口沼澤地帶鑲嵌在一起，所以孕育了豐富又複雜的濕地生態，以及目前所知全台灣最大族群的雲林莞草區，形成乾濕相間伴有植物生長的複雜地形，因為地形多變，生態種類亦相當複雜，主要為鳥類、魚類、蟹類及其他無脊椎類等生物。
fungus (plural: fungi or funguses is any member of the group of eukaryotic organisms that includes microorganisms such as yeasts and molds, as well as the more familiar mushrooms. These organisms are classified as a kingdom, separately from the other eukaryotic kingdoms, which by one traditional classification include Plantae, Animalia, Protozoa, and Chromista.
A characteristic that places fungi in a different kingdom from plants, bacteria, and some protists is chitin in their cell walls. Fungi, like animals, are heterotrophs; they acquire their food by absorbing dissolved molecules, typically by secreting digestive enzymes into their environment. Fungi do not photosynthesize. Growth is their means of mobility, except for spores (a few of which are flagellated), which may travel through the air or water. Fungi are the principal decomposers in ecological systems. These and other differences place fungi in a single group of related organisms, named the Eumycota (true fungi or Eumycetes), that share a common ancestor (i.e. they form a monophyletic group), an interpretation that is also strongly supported by molecular phylogenetics. This fungal group is distinct from the structurally similar myxomycetes (slime molds) and oomycetes (water molds). The discipline of biology devoted to the study of fungi is known as mycology (from the Greek μύκης mykes, mushroom). In the past, mycology was regarded as a branch of botany, although it is now known fungi are genetically more closely related to animals than to plants.
Abundant worldwide, most fungi are inconspicuous because of the small size of their structures, and their cryptic lifestyles in soil or on dead matter. Fungi include symbionts of plants, animals, or other fungi and also parasites. They may become noticeable when fruiting, either as mushrooms or as molds. Fungi perform an essential role in the decomposition of organic matter and have fundamental roles in nutrient cycling and exchange in the environment. They have long been used as a direct source of human food, in the form of mushrooms and truffles; as a leavening agent for bread; and in the fermentation of various food products, such as wine, beer, and soy sauce. Since the 1940s, fungi have been used for the production of antibiotics, and, more recently, various enzymes produced by fungi are used industrially and in detergents. Fungi are also used as biological pesticides to control weeds, plant diseases and insect pests. Many species produce bioactive compounds called mycotoxins, such as alkaloids and polyketides, that are toxic to animals including humans. The fruiting structures of a few species contain psychotropic compounds and are consumed recreationally or in traditional spiritual ceremonies. Fungi can break down manufactured materials and buildings, and become significant pathogens of humans and other animals. Losses of crops due to fungal diseases (e.g., rice blast disease) or food spoilage can have a large impact on human food supplies and local economies.
The fungus kingdom encompasses an enormous diversity of taxa with varied ecologies, life cycle strategies, and morphologies ranging from unicellular aquatic chytrids to large mushrooms. However, little is known of the true biodiversity of Kingdom Fungi, which has been estimated at 2.2 million to 3.8 million species.[5] Of these, only about 148,000 have been described,[6] with over 8,000 species known to be detrimental to plants and at least 300 that can be pathogenic to humans.[7] Ever since the pioneering 18th and 19th century taxonomical works of Carl Linnaeus, Christiaan Hendrik Persoon, and Elias Magnus Fries, fungi have been classified according to their morphology (e.g., characteristics such as spore color or microscopic features) or physiology. Advances in molecular genetics have opened the way for DNA analysis to be incorporated into taxonomy, which has sometimes challenged the historical groupings based on morphology and other traits. Phylogenetic studies published in the first decade of the 21st century have helped reshape the classification within Kingdom Fungi, which is divided into one subkingdom, seven phyla, and ten subphyla.
The brown dipper can either feed by diving into streams to eat larger benthic organisms, or wade in shallower parts of streams and pick smaller organisms of the bottom. The adults will dive for food from December through April, which is when there are more large benthic organisms. Since this period is also the breeding season of the brown dipper, more food is required, so diving for large food is necessary. However, the adults will forage by wading and picking at the stream bottom for the rest of the year. Brown dipper chicks and fledglings will also forage by diving. One small population wintering at a hot spring in Suntar-Khayata Mountains of Siberia feeds underwater when air temperatures drop below -55 C
I wonder how long this lichen has been growing on its flatbed limestone host rock? Perhaps hundreds of years. Perhaps thousands. For whatever reasons, its better days may be in the past - as you can see there are broken bits and dying bits. There can be beauty in decay, of course, and the closer I pushed my macro lens to the rock surface, the more fascinated I became.
Technique: Nothing difficult. Tripod, macro lens, mirror lock up (which I won't have to do if I ever upgrade to a mirrorless body), parallel plane focusing, stopped down aperture. (I know, I know - f/36??? Whatever got into me? f/22 would have been fine, probably. I know I was at minimum focus distance with the 105mm macro and 1.7x teleconverter. Quite likely I was trying for an extra millimetre or two of DOF.)
Design: There were countless other lichens from which to choose, most of them far healthier and more "complete", but I liked the colour variations, especially at the bottom. There is also a tension, of sorts, that may arise as you become aware of the damage to this organism, however it may have occurred.
Usually we look for the most pristine sample, and I'm no different. Photographing flowers, I want to find the perfect, unblemished bloom. I want birds' feathers to be glossy and fresh... and so on. But that's an idealized version of nature, isn't it? There are other stories to tell.
Photographed in Grasslands National Park, Saskatchewan (Canada). Don't use this image on websites, blogs, or other media without explicit permission ©2025 James R. Page - all rights reserved.
Wind carved Navajo sandstone with tafoni rock formations. Tafoni occur in various settings and rocks as here in sandstone. Here, they are small cavities in this sandstone presumably generated by salt crystallisation pressure, where by the crystal occupies a slightly increased volume, resulting in fracture of the rock with subsequent erosion. The initial nucleus for crystallization can be formed by organisms living in the sandstone.
fungus (plural: fungi or funguses is any member of the group of eukaryotic organisms that includes microorganisms such as yeasts and molds, as well as the more familiar mushrooms. These organisms are classified as a kingdom, separately from the other eukaryotic kingdoms, which by one traditional classification include Plantae, Animalia, Protozoa, and Chromista.
A characteristic that places fungi in a different kingdom from plants, bacteria, and some protists is chitin in their cell walls. Fungi, like animals, are heterotrophs; they acquire their food by absorbing dissolved molecules, typically by secreting digestive enzymes into their environment. Fungi do not photosynthesize. Growth is their means of mobility, except for spores (a few of which are flagellated), which may travel through the air or water. Fungi are the principal decomposers in ecological systems. These and other differences place fungi in a single group of related organisms, named the Eumycota (true fungi or Eumycetes), that share a common ancestor (i.e. they form a monophyletic group), an interpretation that is also strongly supported by molecular phylogenetics. This fungal group is distinct from the structurally similar myxomycetes (slime molds) and oomycetes (water molds). The discipline of biology devoted to the study of fungi is known as mycology (from the Greek μύκης mykes, mushroom). In the past, mycology was regarded as a branch of botany, although it is now known fungi are genetically more closely related to animals than to plants.
Abundant worldwide, most fungi are inconspicuous because of the small size of their structures, and their cryptic lifestyles in soil or on dead matter. Fungi include symbionts of plants, animals, or other fungi and also parasites. They may become noticeable when fruiting, either as mushrooms or as molds. Fungi perform an essential role in the decomposition of organic matter and have fundamental roles in nutrient cycling and exchange in the environment. They have long been used as a direct source of human food, in the form of mushrooms and truffles; as a leavening agent for bread; and in the fermentation of various food products, such as wine, beer, and soy sauce. Since the 1940s, fungi have been used for the production of antibiotics, and, more recently, various enzymes produced by fungi are used industrially and in detergents. Fungi are also used as biological pesticides to control weeds, plant diseases and insect pests. Many species produce bioactive compounds called mycotoxins, such as alkaloids and polyketides, that are toxic to animals including humans. The fruiting structures of a few species contain psychotropic compounds and are consumed recreationally or in traditional spiritual ceremonies. Fungi can break down manufactured materials and buildings, and become significant pathogens of humans and other animals. Losses of crops due to fungal diseases (e.g., rice blast disease) or food spoilage can have a large impact on human food supplies and local economies.
The fungus kingdom encompasses an enormous diversity of taxa with varied ecologies, life cycle strategies, and morphologies ranging from unicellular aquatic chytrids to large mushrooms. However, little is known of the true biodiversity of Kingdom Fungi, which has been estimated at 2.2 million to 3.8 million species.[5] Of these, only about 148,000 have been described,[6] with over 8,000 species known to be detrimental to plants and at least 300 that can be pathogenic to humans.[7] Ever since the pioneering 18th and 19th century taxonomical works of Carl Linnaeus, Christiaan Hendrik Persoon, and Elias Magnus Fries, fungi have been classified according to their morphology (e.g., characteristics such as spore color or microscopic features) or physiology. Advances in molecular genetics have opened the way for DNA analysis to be incorporated into taxonomy, which has sometimes challenged the historical groupings based on morphology and other traits. Phylogenetic studies published in the first decade of the 21st century have helped reshape the classification within Kingdom Fungi, which is divided into one subkingdom, seven phyla, and ten subphyla.
Pionniers remarquables, les lichens ont conquis les milieux les plus extrêmes. Ils sont capables de pousser sur les rochers des sommets alpins ou ceux des côtes rocheuses balayées par les embruns, sur les coulées de lave à peine refroidies, accrochés aux branches des arbres des forêts tropicales mais aussi sur les tuiles des maisons ou les pierres de nos vieux bâtiments ! La flore lichénique de notre planète, représente une grande biodiversité avec près de 20000 espèces. Au-delà de la diversité des formes et des couleurs des lichens, leur capacité de résistance à vivre dans des conditions extrêmes suscite en permanence l’intérêt des scientifiques.
Remarkable pioneers, lichens have conquered the most extreme environments. They are able to grow on the rocks of Alpine peaks or those of rocky coasts swept by sea spray, on barely cooled lava flows, clinging to the branches of trees in tropical forests but also on the tiles of houses or the stones of our old buildings! The lichen flora of our planet represents a great biodiversity with nearly 20,000 species. Beyond the diversity of shapes and colors of lichens, their ability to resist living in extreme conditions constantly arouses the interest of scientists.
Un grand merci pour vos favoris, commentaires et encouragements toujours très appréciés.
Many thanks for your much appreciated favorites and comments.
fungus (plural: fungi or funguses is any member of the group of eukaryotic organisms that includes microorganisms such as yeasts and molds, as well as the more familiar mushrooms. These organisms are classified as a kingdom, separately from the other eukaryotic kingdoms, which by one traditional classification include Plantae, Animalia, Protozoa, and Chromista.
A characteristic that places fungi in a different kingdom from plants, bacteria, and some protists is chitin in their cell walls. Fungi, like animals, are heterotrophs; they acquire their food by absorbing dissolved molecules, typically by secreting digestive enzymes into their environment. Fungi do not photosynthesize. Growth is their means of mobility, except for spores (a few of which are flagellated), which may travel through the air or water. Fungi are the principal decomposers in ecological systems. These and other differences place fungi in a single group of related organisms, named the Eumycota (true fungi or Eumycetes), that share a common ancestor (i.e. they form a monophyletic group), an interpretation that is also strongly supported by molecular phylogenetics. This fungal group is distinct from the structurally similar myxomycetes (slime molds) and oomycetes (water molds). The discipline of biology devoted to the study of fungi is known as mycology (from the Greek μύκης mykes, mushroom). In the past, mycology was regarded as a branch of botany, although it is now known fungi are genetically more closely related to animals than to plants.
Abundant worldwide, most fungi are inconspicuous because of the small size of their structures, and their cryptic lifestyles in soil or on dead matter. Fungi include symbionts of plants, animals, or other fungi and also parasites. They may become noticeable when fruiting, either as mushrooms or as molds. Fungi perform an essential role in the decomposition of organic matter and have fundamental roles in nutrient cycling and exchange in the environment. They have long been used as a direct source of human food, in the form of mushrooms and truffles; as a leavening agent for bread; and in the fermentation of various food products, such as wine, beer, and soy sauce. Since the 1940s, fungi have been used for the production of antibiotics, and, more recently, various enzymes produced by fungi are used industrially and in detergents. Fungi are also used as biological pesticides to control weeds, plant diseases and insect pests. Many species produce bioactive compounds called mycotoxins, such as alkaloids and polyketides, that are toxic to animals including humans. The fruiting structures of a few species contain psychotropic compounds and are consumed recreationally or in traditional spiritual ceremonies. Fungi can break down manufactured materials and buildings, and become significant pathogens of humans and other animals. Losses of crops due to fungal diseases (e.g., rice blast disease) or food spoilage can have a large impact on human food supplies and local economies.
The fungus kingdom encompasses an enormous diversity of taxa with varied ecologies, life cycle strategies, and morphologies ranging from unicellular aquatic chytrids to large mushrooms. However, little is known of the true biodiversity of Kingdom Fungi, which has been estimated at 2.2 million to 3.8 million species.[5] Of these, only about 148,000 have been described,[6] with over 8,000 species known to be detrimental to plants and at least 300 that can be pathogenic to humans.[7] Ever since the pioneering 18th and 19th century taxonomical works of Carl Linnaeus, Christiaan Hendrik Persoon, and Elias Magnus Fries, fungi have been classified according to their morphology (e.g., characteristics such as spore color or microscopic features) or physiology. Advances in molecular genetics have opened the way for DNA analysis to be incorporated into taxonomy, which has sometimes challenged the historical groupings based on morphology and other traits. Phylogenetic studies published in the first decade of the 21st century have helped reshape the classification within Kingdom Fungi, which is divided into one subkingdom, seven phyla, and ten subphyla.
Side street, Naples, Italy, 2017
Driving a car in Naples is an interesting experience. Relax, do not adhere to classic driving laws, relax, use your horn for lots of friendly conversation and greetings, relax, park in places that are too narrow for a tow truck to reach your vehicle, relax, open up a second or third lane even when there is hardly space for a single lane, relax, Vespas would pass beneath your car if there were room, relax, always hire a car with complete inshurance. Looks like is is the very same way with local architecture...
Reiseblog in deutscher Sprache: www.pat-blog.de
Walking around the lanes in Talsarnau.
A lichen is a composite organism that arises from algae or
cyanobacteria living amongst filaments of
multiple fungi species in a mutualistic relationship.
The lagoon jelly (also known as jellyfish) belongs to the invertebrate Phylum Cnidaria, a diverse group of stinging animals whose members all possess stinging cells for feeding and protection. Jelly relatives include the sea anemones, corals, and Portuguese man-of-war. They are all simple, soft-bodied organisms with just two major tissue layers arranged around a central gut cavity. Individual animals are radially symmetrical, with a ring of tentacles around the central mouth. The tentacles bear stinging cells that are used for food capture and defense.
Photographed in the Pantanal, Brazil - From a vehicle, no cover
Please click twice on the image to view at the largest size
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From Wikipedia: The cocoi heron (Ardea cocoi) is a species of long-legged wading bird in the heron family Ardeidae found across South America. It has predominantly pale grey plumage with a darker grey crest. A carnivore, it hunts fish and crustaceans in shallow water.
Feeding: This heron feeds primarily on fish over 20 cm (8 in) long; with mammals, amphibians and sometimes insects also being consumed. Fish species consumed include whitemouth croaker, wolf fish, various Leporinus species up to 200 mm long and streaked prochilod. This heron has also been observed to feed on carrion and Callinectes blue crabs. In Colombia, chicks have also been observed being fed predominantly fish and less frequently with amphibians and crustaceans.
The cocoi heron catches prey by striking its head into the water and thrusting its bill to stab downwards. It may also tilt its head downward above the water so that only its bill is immersed. During feeding, the head and neck move rapidly while the body remains immobile. Feeding is usually diurnal and solitary, especially in Argentina, although in Chile, it is considered to be a largely nocturnal feeder, with diurnal roosting taking place in trees overlooking the water. In Venezuela, it has also been seen foraging in large groups. Where feeding is diurnal, there appears to be a peak in feeding activity at noon and a reduction at dusk.
The cocoi heron appears able to use alternative food sources by exploring foraging sites distant from its breeding colonies, since terrestrial rodents and reptiles and marine organisms have been found in the diet of individuals from freshwater colonies. Some colonies also reside near to estuarine coastland and individuals from these colonies are more reliant on marine prey. Foraging individuals often stay near to colonies and colony site choice has been found to be strongly linked to proximity to high-quality foraging habitats. The heron may also sometimes exploit dead whitemouth croaker discarded by recreational fisheries
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Walking past an old dumpster I noticed this. It is a rust patch created when a welding torch heated the outside of the metal wall burning the red paint off. The burning paint created the black plume (turned upside down here). The heat of the torch oxidized the burn to varying amounts creating the color rings. Inside the dumpster a large metal plate could be seen welded to the side.
Scleroderma citrinum, commonly known as the pigskin poison puffball, or common earthball, it's one of the most common species of earthball in the UK and can be seen in woods, heathland and in short grass from autumn to winter.
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