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Abandoned lime kiln circa 1858.
Lime kilns were made to heat marble or limestone to extract the lime, which was used in making mortar and later Portland cement and concrete. The kilns often had at least two chambers for efficiency, so that the next batch could be started before the other finished. A single firing could take up to a week from start to finish.
Mixing the caustic lime powder with sand and water makes plaster and the mortar used in the construction of brick and stone structures. Much of the lime from this region was used in the San Francisco area during the gold rush era. It also helped rebuild the city after the 1906 earthquake.
This lime kiln is on Adams Creek and was in operation from 1858 to about 1909. A lime works was first established here by Samuel Adams. He later sold out to the firm of Davis and Cowell.
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40 minutes of total exposure with way smaller guns than the target would have required, between tree branches. A target I'll want to revisit.
1 stack of 40 60s images, Canon 800D at ISO 800, Canon 400mm f5.6 lens at f6.3, iOptron Skyguider Pro tracker. 50 darks, 120 biases. Processed in PixInsight as below
***** Integration
lightvortexastronomy tutorial (www.lightvortexastronomy.com/tutorial-pre-processing-cali...)
* CC defect list + master dark (sigma = 8)
15*(1-(FWHM-FWHMMin)/(FWHMMax-FWHMMin))
+ 35*(1-(Eccentricity-EccentricityMin)/(EccentricityMax-EccentricityMin))
+ 20*(SNRWeight-SNRWeightMin)/(SNRWeightMax-SNRWeightMin)
+ 30
img 0889 ref
* ESD integration
* drizzle integration, circular kernel, area containing the galaxies
*****Linear processing
*** Initial
* Crop (rather serious, could have done with a teleconverter here)
* DBE tolerance 1, 5 samples per row
* CC using the background
*** Decon
* EZDecon, default settings
* star mask: processed star mask, cover up the big star, 3x boost 3x dilate 3x convolve
* background mask: autogenerated, stretched
* PS: autogenerated
*** Denoise
Using jonrista.com/the-astrophotographers-guide/pixinsights/eff... as implemented by EZSuite.
* TGV edge protection 3e-5, MMT with mask blurred with 4 a trous layers and slightly darkened with curves
*** Extract luminance since nothing interesting happens here color-wise
***** Nonlinear processing
* EzSoftStretch
* Curves
* Unsharp mask 0.5
* TGV denoise, default settings TGV, MMT with curve-darkened mask
This is my most ambitious astrophotography project yet, coming in at over 110 hours 18 minutes of total exposure time (albeit across 12 panels), beating out my previous record of [101 hours on the Elephant Trunk Nebula](www.reddit.com/r/astrophotography/comments/zoiqhj/the_ele...)
The [12 panel mosaic](i.imgur.com/ttLXutl.png) ended up being 518 megapixels in size after cropping, and was an absolute bitch to process. probably never gonna do a mosaic this big again unless I have some quantum supercomputer. I don't have any way to reliably host this on my flickr page, so the image you're seeing is a 2X downsample.
Captured over 35 nights from October 2022 through March 2023, from my Bortle 8apartment balcony
> could only do 4 hours max per night thanks to [my wonderful horizons](i.imgur.com/hOGPZt6.png) from the balcony overhang
---
**[Equipment:](i.imgur.com/ejpKkwU.jpg)**
* TPO 6" F/4 Imaging Newtonian
* Orion Sirius EQ-G
* ZWO ASI1600MM-Pro
* Skywatcher Quattro Coma Corrector
* ZWO EFW 8x1.25"/31mm
* Astronomik LRGB+CLS Filters- 31mm
* Astrodon 31mm Ha 5nm, Oiii 3nm, Sii 5nm
* Agena 50mm Deluxe Straight-Through Guide Scope
* ZWO ASI-120mc for guiding
* Moonlite Autofocuser
**Acquisition:** 110 hours 18 minutes (Camera at -15°C)
> all narrowband exposures were 360" and unity gain
> all broadband exposures were 30" and at half unity gain
|Filter|Ha|Oiii|Sii|Red|Green|Blue|
:--|:--|:--|:--|:--|:--|:--|
|**Panel 1**|30|28|19|24|24|24|
|**Panel 2**|30|27|19|32|32|32|
|**Panel 3**|30|29|29|24|24|24|
|**Panel 4**|34|31|30|24|24|24|
|**Panel 5**|30|34|29|24|24|24|
|**Panel 6**|34|31|29|24|24|24|
|**Panel 7**|33|30|29|24|24|24|
|**Panel 8**|39|27|29|24|24|24|
|**Panel 9**|26|28|28|32|32|32|
|**Panel 10**|32|29|30|24|24|24|
|**Panel 11**|34|20|19|28|28|28|
|**Panel 12**|30|22|19|24|24|24|
|**TOTAL: (h)**|**38.2**|**30.8**|**33.6**|**2.56**|**2.56**|**2.56**|
* Darks- 30
* Flats- 30 per filter
**Capture Software:**
* Captured using [N.I.N.A.](nighttime-imaging.eu) and PHD2 for guiding and dithering.
**PixInsight processing:**
> /u/Aerions_'s [Heart and Fishhead pic](www.reddit.com/r/astrophotography/comments/y3jxc3/the_hea...) was a bit of an inspiration for me when processing this (and imo their colors are better)
**Preprocessing**
* BatchPreProcessing
* StarAlignment
* [Blink](youtu.be/sJeuWZNWImE?t=40)
* ImageIntegration per channel per panel
* DrizzleIntegration (2x, Var β=1.5) per panel per channel
**Creating the mosaic:**
> I had *numerous* other attempts to make this using microsoft ICE and mosaicbycoordinates/photometricmosaic, but they all refused to work that well. During this process I found out that the .tiff file format has a max size of around 530 megapixels
* StarGenerator to generate a starfield of the region at the same image scale as my drizzled images
* StarAlignment to align each drizzled stack to the synthetic starfield
> despite reading all the documentation and tinkering with every setting, my blue stars channel for panel 11 refused to align properly with any of the other channels, so the stars here are a bit mismatched
* GradientMergeMosaic to combine these aligned panels into the master stacks
* DynamicCrop away the edges of each master
**Narrowband Linear:**
* DynamicBackground Extraction
> duplicated each image and removed stars via StarXterminator. Ran DBE with a shitload of points to generate background model. model subtracted from original pic using the following PixelMath (thanks, /u/jimmythechicken1!)
> $T * med(model) / model
* BlurXTerminator
* StarXterminator to completely remove stars (narrowband images will be starless processed for almost the rest of the workflow)
* NoiseXterminator
* HistogramTransformations to bring nonlinear
> More agressive stretch for Oiii and Sii
**RGB Linear:**
* ChannelCombination to combine R G and B masters into a color image
* SpectrophotometricColorCalibration
* HSV Repair
* StarXterminator to make a stars only image (this stars only image to be used going forward)
* AcrsinhStretch + HistogramTransformation to stretch nonlinear
**Nonlinear:**
> did this over the course of a couple weeks/processing breaks so the details aren't *exact*
* PixelMath to combine stretched narrowband masters into color image
> SHO --> RGB (classic Hubble Palette)
* HistogramTransformations to adjust channel intensities
* [Curve](i.imgur.com/vfdQhoZ.jpg)Transformations for slight hue adjustments
* LRGBCombination using stretched Ha as luminance
* shitloads of CurveTransformations to adjust hue, lightness, saturation, etc. (some with lum masks)
* invert > SCNR > invert to remove background magentas
* probably used BackgroundNeutralization at some point around here too
* LocalHistogramEqualization
> Two round of this: one at kernel radius 16 for the finer 'feathery' details and one at 200+ for larger structures
* more curves!
* NoiseXterminator
* more histogramtransformation tweaks
* DarkStructureEnhance
* Relinearized narrowband and stars images to add in the RGB stars
> "unstretched" both images with histogramtransformation midtones set to 0.9999
> pixelmath to just add those two images together
> histogramtransformation to un-relinearize them by setting midtones to 0.0001
* ColorSaturation
* MLT for chrominance noise reduction
* final round of noiseX
* guess what baby more curves
* one final round of DBE to remove a small red gradient in the bottom corner that made it through to the end somehow
> just to please Jimmy
* IntegerResample to 50%
* annotation
The Antennae Galaxies (NGC 4039/4039) are a pair of colliding galaxies about 65 million ly away. The collision over the last few hundred million years has resulted in streams of ejected stars, forming the 'antennae'. Despite guide camera issues for the first hour of the night, and horrific seeing/guiding error/HFR values, this somehow turned out decent. I'm glad to have escaped my apartment's horrific light pollution for the first night in months. I've also made an [annotated version]() which highlights the background galaxies in the uncropped FOV
Captured on April 20th, 2023 from the Deerlick Astronomy Village (Bortle 3)
---
**[Equipment:](i.imgur.com/2A67cQF.jpg)**
* TPO 6" F/4 Imaging Newtonian
* Orion Sirius EQ-G
* ZWO ASI1600MM-Pro
* Skywatcher Quattro Coma Corrector
* ZWO EFW 8x1.25"/31mm
* Astronomik LRGB+CLS Filters- 31mm
* Astrodon 31mm Ha 5nm, Oiii 3nm, Sii 5nm
* Agena 50mm Deluxe Straight-Through Guide Scope
* ZWO ASI-~~120mc~~ 290mc for guiding
* Moonlite Autofocuser
**Acquisition:** 3 hours 52 minutes (Camera at half Unity Gain, -15°C)
* L- 55x120"
* R - 21x120"
* G - 21x120"
* B - 19x120"
* Darks- 30
* Flats- 30 per filter
**Capture Software:**
* Captured using [N.I.N.A.](nighttime-imaging.eu) and PHD2 for guiding and dithering.
**PixInsight Processing**
* BatchPreProcessing
* SubframeSelector
* StarAlignment
* [Blink](youtu.be/sJeuWZNWImE?t=40)
* ImageIntegration
* DrizzleIntegration (2x, Var β=1.5)
**Luminance Linear:**
* DynamicCrop
* DynamicBackgroundExtraction
* BlurXTerminator (i caved)
* NoiseXterminator
* ArcsinhStretch+HistogramTransformation to bring nonlinear
**RGB Linear:**
* DynamicCrop
* DynamicBackgroundExtraction
* ChannelCombination
* SpectrophotometricColorCalibration
* HSV Repair
* AcrsinhStretch + HistogramTransformation to stretch nonlinear
**Nonlinear:**
* added stretched luminance to stretched RGB via LRGBCombination
* DeepSNR
* shitloads of CurveTransformations to adjust hue, lightness, saturation, etc. (some with star masks)
* more curves
* LocalHistogramTransformation
> Two round of this: one at kernel radius 16 for the finer 'feathery' details and one at 200 something for larger structures
* SCNR green
* CloneStamp to remove one weirdly saturated Ha region (it looked *bad*)
* even more curves
* NoiseX
* UnsharpMask
* curves!
* BlurXTerminator (star reduction only)
* MLT for chrominance noise reduction
* guess what more curves
* final curves
* Resample to 70%
* DynamicCrop again
* annotation
Just me hanging out at work. I'm a video editor for a local news station. Pic taken from my camera phone.
Also pictured is M21! (the star cluster to the top left of the nebula)
Very pleased with how this one turned out! Despite guide camera issues for the first hour of the night, and horrific seeing/guiding error/HFR values, this somehow turned out decent. I'm glad to have escaped my apartment's horrific light pollution for the first night in months. I also made a **[starless version](i.imgur.com/Vir6xSU.jpg)** which better shows the fainter/diffuse nebulosity
Captured on April 20th, 2023 from the Deerlick Astronomy Village (Bortle 3)
---
**[Equipment:](i.imgur.com/2A67cQF.jpg)**
* TPO 6" F/4 Imaging Newtonian
* Orion Sirius EQ-G
* ZWO ASI1600MM-Pro
* Skywatcher Quattro Coma Corrector
* ZWO EFW 8x1.25"/31mm
* Astronomik LRGB+CLS Filters- 31mm
* Astrodon 31mm Ha 5nm, Oiii 3nm, Sii 5nm
* Agena 50mm Deluxe Straight-Through Guide Scope
* ZWO ASI-~~120mc~~ 290mc for guiding
* Moonlite Autofocuser
**Acquisition:** 2 hours 36 minutes (Camera at half Unity Gain, -15°C)
* L- 37x120"
* R - 14x120"
* G - 13x120"
* B - 14x120"
* Darks- 30
* Flats- 30 per filter
**Capture Software:**
* Captured using [N.I.N.A.](nighttime-imaging.eu) and PHD2 for guiding and dithering.
**PixInsight Processing**
* BatchPreProcessing
* SubframeSelector
* StarAlignment
* [Blink](youtu.be/sJeuWZNWImE?t=40)
* ImageIntegration
* DrizzleIntegration (2x, Var β=1.5)
**Luminance Linear:**
* DynamicCrop
* DynamicBackgroundExtraction
> copied the image and ran starx on it. then ran DBE and output the background model as 'model'. subtracted this from the original using PixelMath:
> $T \* med(model) / model
* BlurXTerminator (i caved)
* NoiseXterminator
* ArcsinhStretch+HistogramTransformation to bring nonlinear
**RGB Linear:**
* DynamicCrop
* DynamicBackgroundExtraction
> same DBE process as above
* Blur+NoiseX
* ChannelCombination
* SpectrophotometricColorCalibration
* HSV Repair
* AcrsinhStretch + HistogramTransformation to stretch nonlinear
**Nonlinear:**
* added stretch luminance to stretched RGB via LRGBCombination
* DeepSNR
* SCNR green
* shitloads of CurveTransformations to adjust hue, lightness, saturation, etc. (some with star masks)
* Extract L --> LRGBCombination again for chrominance noise reduction (inverted L image used as mask)
* more curves
* LocalHistogramTransformation
> Two round of this: one at kernel radius 16 for the finer 'feathery' details and one at 254 for larger structures
* even more curves
* BlurXTerminator (star reduction only)
* DarkStructureEnhance
* guess what more curves
* ColorSaturation
* final curves
* Resample to 70%
* DynamicCrop again
* annotation
The Horsehead Nebula is a dark nebula about 1400ly away from us in the constellation Orion. The Bright star near it is Alnitak, [and it one of the stars that makes up Orion's Belt](i.imgur.com/aAghUNS.png). Because this is one of the brightest stars that people photograph when shooting DSOs, it often can result in [unwanted halos](i.imgur.com/Wx0zStT.png), which are present in my RGB filters. I was able to edit the halos out to a level I felt was acceptable (see processing info below), however there still is some color fringing/artifacts on the edge of the halos. Also the bottom left of Alnitak is the Flame Nebula, which is just a nebula that happens to be in the foreground to the horsehead. Captured over 5 nights from February 14-20, 2022 from my Bortle 6 driveway.
---
**[Equipment:](i.imgur.com/ejpKkwU.jpg)**
* TPO 6" F/4 Imaging Newtonian
* Orion Sirius EQ-G
* ZWO ASI1600MM-Pro
* Skywatcher Quattro Coma Corrector
* ZWO EFW 8x1.25"/31mm
* Astronomik LRGB+CLS Filters- 31mm
* Astrodon 31mm Ha 5nm, Oiii 3nm, Sii 5nm
* Agena 50mm Deluxe Straight-Through Guide Scope
* ZWO ASI-120mc for guiding
* Moonlite Autofocuser
**Acquisition:** 12 hours 6 minutes (Camera at Unity Gain, -20°C)
* Lum- 251x60"
* Ha- 67x300"
* Red- 33x90"
* Green- 31x60"
* Blue- 29x60"
* Darks- 30
* Flats- 30 per filter
**Capture Software:**
* Captured using [N.I.N.A.](nighttime-imaging.eu) and PHD2 for guiding and dithering.
**PixInsight Processing:**
* BatchPreProcessing
* SubframeSelector
* StarAlignment
* [Blink](youtu.be/sJeuWZNWImE?t=40)
* ImageIntegration
* DrizzleIntegration (2x, Var β=1.5)
**Linear:**
* DynamicCrop
* Automatic and Dynamic Background extractions
**RGB:**
* ChannelCombination to map monochrome R, G, and B images into a color image
* PhotometricColorCalibration
* Slight SCNR green
* HSV repair
* ArcsinhStretch + HistogramTransformation to bring nonlinear
**Luminance:**
* PixelMath to combine Ha and luminance stacks to make super-luminance image (to be used as the luminance layer going forward)
> 0.7\*Ha + 0.3\*Lum
* EZ Decon
* NoiseXTerminator
* ArcsinhStretch + HistogramTransformation to bring nonlinear
**Nonlinear:**
* Created two circle masks per [this guide](digitalstars.wordpress.com/2019/10/27/tutorial-how-to-eli...). SCNR + curve tweaks to mitigate the halos from my RGB filters
* LRGBCombination with SuperLum
* Ungodly amounts of curve transformations to further mitigate the halos, as well as just general curves for lightness, saturation, contrast, hues, etc.
* ColorSaturation
* Extract L > LRGBCombination for chrominance noise reduction
* LocalHistogramEqualization
* EZ Star reduction
* NoiseGenerator to add noise into reduced star areas
* another round of LHE
* more curves
* CloneStamp to remove a couple of weirdly artifacted stars
* even more curves
* Resample to 60%
* Annotation
NGC 6992 Eastern Veil Nebula
Description: NGC 6992, the Eastern Veil Nebula, being an emission nebula in the Cygnus Loop, is well-suited for imaging using a narrow band filter such as the Optolong L-eXtreme dual band filter which provides two 7nm passbands one for H-alpha at 656nm and another for OIII at ~501nm. Accordingly, using a combination of a one-shot color (OSC) camera and the Optolong L-eXtreme filter, I generated 62x300s subs for a total exposure time of 5.17 hours in order to achieve my image. NGC 6992 appears to show intertwined substructures, possibly as a consequence of being a supernova remnant. Note: Canadian wildfire smoke had drifted into my area at capture time.
Date / Location: 29-30 June 2023 / Washington D.C.
Equipment:
Scope: WO Zenith Star 81mm f/6.9 with WO 6AIII Flattener/Focal Reducer x0.8
OSC Camera: ZWO ASI 2600 MC Pro at 100 Gain and 50 Offset
Mount: iOptron GEM28-EC
Guider: ZWO Off-Axis Guider
Guide Camera: ZWO ASI 174mm mini
Focuser: ZWO EAF
Light Pollution Filter: Optolong L-eXtreme Dual Bandpass LPF
Processing Software: Pixinsight
Processing Steps:
Preprocessing: I preprocessed 62x300s subs (= 5.17 hours) in Pixinsight to get an integrated image using the following processes: Image Calibration > Cosmetic Correction > Subframe Selector > Debayer > Select Reference Star and Star Align > Image Integration.
Linear Postprocessing: Dynamic Crop > Dynamic Background Extractor (subtraction to remove light pollution gradients and division for flat field corrections) > Background Neutralization > Color Calibration > Blur Xterminator > Noise Xterminator.
Nonlinear Postprocessing: Histogram Transformation > Star Xterminator > Local Histogram Equalization > Multiscale Median Transform > Pixel Math to combine Starless and Star Images > Histogram Transformation (multiple times > Curves Transformation (multiple times).
M63 is a spiral galaxy in the constellation Vanes Venatici, and is about 29 million light years away from us. Captured on April 10th and 19th, 2022 from a Bortle 6 zone
---
**[Equipment:](i.imgur.com/ejpKkwU.jpg)**
* TPO 6" F/4 Imaging Newtonian
* Orion Sirius EQ-G
* ZWO ASI1600MM-Pro
* Skywatcher Quattro Coma Corrector
* ZWO EFW 8x1.25"/31mm
* Astronomik LRGB+CLS Filters- 31mm
* Astrodon 31mm Ha 5nm, Oiii 3nm, Sii 5nm
* Agena 50mm Deluxe Straight-Through Guide Scope
* ZWO ASI-290mc for guiding
* Moonlite Autofocuser
**Acquisition:** 6 hours 29 minutes (Camera at Unity Gain, -20°C)
* L- 173x90"
* R- 38x90"
* G- 39x90"
* B- 39x90"
* Darks- 30
* Flats- 30 per filter
**Capture Software:**
* Captured using [N.I.N.A.](nighttime-imaging.eu) and PHD2 for guiding and dithering.
**PixInsight Processing:**
* BatchPreProcessing
* SubframeSelector
* StarAlignment
* [Blink](youtu.be/sJeuWZNWImE?t=40)
* ImageIntegration
* DrizzleIntegration (2x, Var β=1.5)
**Linear:**
* DynamicCrop
* DynamicBackgroundExtraction
* EZ Decon/Denoise (lum only)
* GeneralizedHyperbolicStretch to bring luminance nonlinear
**RGB:**
* Channelcombination to combine monochrome images into RGB image
* PhotometricColorCalibration
* HSV repair
* ArcsinhStretch + HistogramTransformation to stretch nonlinear
**Nonlinear:**
* LRGBCombination with luminance
* LRGBCombination with luminance again, inverted background mask used to protect galaxy from chronicance noise reduction
* Shitloads of CurveTransformations to adjust lightness, saturation, contrast, hues, etc.
* MLT noise reduction
* Unsharp mask to further sharpen the galaxy
* LocalHistogramEqualization
* More curves
* Resample to 60%
* DynamicCrop
* annotation
Description: Going from bottom right to top left along a curve in this image of the Markarian's Chain in the Virgo Cluster are M84, M86, NGC 4438, NGC 4435, NGC 4461, NGC 4473 and NGC 4477. The magnification inset shows the "Markarian's Eyes" NGC 4438 and NGC 4435.
Date / Location: 13-14 April 2023 / Washington D.C.
Equipment:
Scope: WO Zenith Star 81mm f/6.9 with WO 6AIII Flattener/Focal Reducer x0.8
OSC Camera: ZWO ASI 2600 MC Pro at 100 Gain and 50 Offset
Mount: iOptron GEM28-EC
Guider: ZWO Off-Axis Guider
Guide Camera: ZWO ASI 174mm mini
Focuser: ZWO EAF
Light Pollution Filter: Chroma LoGlow Broadband
Processing Software: Pixinsight
Processing Steps:
Preprocessing: I preprocessed 37x300s subs (= 3.1 hours) in Pixinsight to get an integrated image using the following processes: Image Calibration > Cosmetic Correction > Subframe Selector > Debayer > Select Reference Star and Star Align > Image Integration.
Linear Postprocessing: Dynamic Background Extractor (both subtraction to remove light pollution gradients and division for flat field corrections) > Background Neutralization > Color Calibration > Noise Xterminator.
Nonlinear Postprocessing: Histogram Transformation > Local Histogram Equalization.
The trains are up and rolling again, having been on hiatus since last Thanksgiving. Cameras love night training.
[For those who don't see the tadpoles](i.imgur.com/rAkDo0w.png). Also ended up making a [starless version](i.imgur.com/x9Bxz7o.jpg) using StarNet++ to help emphasize the faint nebula structures. Captured on February 8th, 9th, and 17th, 2021 from a Bortle 6 zone[.](i.imgur.com/f6JcRkH.png)
---
**[Equipment:](i.imgur.com/6T8QNsv.jpg)**
* TPO 6" F/4 Imaging Newtonian
* Orion Sirius EQ-G
* ZWO ASI1600MM-Pro
* Skywatcher Quattro Coma Corrector
* ZWO EFW 8x1.25"/31mm
* Astronomik LRGB+CLS Filters- 31mm
* Astrodon 31mm Ha 5nm, Oiii 3nm, Sii 5nm
* Agena 50mm Deluxe Straight-Through Guide Scope
* ZWO ASI-120MC for guiding
* Moonlite Autofocuser
**Acquisition:** 9 hours 36 minutes (Camera at Unity Gain, -20°C)
* Ha- 47x360"
* Oiii- 25x360
* Sii- 24x360"
* Darks- 30
* Flats- 30 per filter
**Capture Software:**
* Captured using [N.I.N.A.](nighttime-imaging.eu) and PHD2 for guiding and dithering.
**PixInsight Processing:**
* BatchPreProcessing
* StarAlignment
* [Blink](youtu.be/sJeuWZNWImE?t=40)
* ImageIntegration
* DrizzleIntegration (2x, Var β=1.5) (Ha only)
* StarAlign Oiii and Sii to Ha
**Linear:**
* DynamicCrop
* AutomaticBackgroundExtraction
* EZ Decon + Denoise (Ha only)
* STF applied via HistogramTransformation to bring each channel nonlinear
**Combining Channels:**
* PixelMath to make classic SHO to RGB image
* SCNR to partially remove greens
* Pixelmath to make RGB image using [ForaxX's palette](thecoldestnights.com/2020/06/pixinsight-dynamic-narrowban...)
>R= (Oiii\^~Oiii)\*Sii + ~(Oiii\^~Oiii)*Ha
>G= ((Oiii\*Ha)\^~(Oiii\*Ha))\*Ha + ~((Oiii\*Ha)\^~(Oiii\*Ha))\*Oiii
>B= Oiii
* Pixelmath to blend classic SHO and ForaxX SHO images 50:50
**Nonlinear:**
* LRGBCombination with Ha as luminance
* Shitloads of [Curve]()Transformations to adjust lightness, saturation, contrast, hues, etc.
* SCNR to partially remove more green
* ACDNR
* LocalHistogramEqualization
* DarkStructureEnhance
* HistogramTransformation to reduce black point
* ColorSaturation
* More Curves
* EZ Star Reduction
* Resample to 60%
* Annotation
Beautiful shots from EVERSPACE.
Shot using Fraps and in-game Action Freeze cam. Bottom cropped (Beta Build and EVERSPACE logo).
Beta (1.1.28051) access is finally here !
Crowdfunded and from the makers of the iconic Galaxy on Fire series comes a new breed of space shooter for PC and Xbox One, combining roguelike elements with top-notch visuals and a captivating story.
This is currently the most amount of exposure time I've put into a single target at 31 hours and 10 minutes, barely beating out my previous record on Sh2-250. This image is also false color SHO Hubble palette. Captured on November 13, 19, 20, 23, 28 and December 5th, 2020 from a bortle 6 zone
**[Equipment:](i.imgur.com/6T8QNsv.jpg)**
* TPO 6" F/4 Imaging Newtonian
* Orion Sirius EQ-G
* ZWO ASI1600MM-Pro
* Skywatcher Quattro Coma Corrector
* ZWO EFW 8x1.25"/31mm
* Astronomik LRGB+CLS Filters- 31mm
* Astrodon 31mm Ha 5nm, Oiii 3nm, Sii 5nm
* Agena 50mm Deluxe Straight-Through Guide Scope
* ZWO ASI-120MC for guiding
* Moonlite Autofocuser
**Acquisition:** 31 hours 10 minutes (Camera at Unity Gain, -15°C)
* Ha- 125x600"
* Oiii- 31x600"
* Sii- 31x600"
* Darks- 30
* Flats- 30 per filter
**Capture Software:**
* Captured using [N.I.N.A.](nighttime-imaging.eu/) and PHD2 for guiding and dithering.
**PixInsight Processing:**
* BatchPreProcessing
* SubframeSelector
* StarAlignment
* [Blink](youtu.be/sJeuWZNWImE?t=40)
* ImageIntegration
* DrizzleIntegration ((2x, Var β=1.5)
**Linear:**
* DynamicCrop
* AutomaticBackgroundExtraction
* [EZ Decon and Denoise](darkarchon.internet-box.ch:8443/) (Ha only)
* STF applied via HistogramTransformation to bring each channel nonlinear
**Combining Channels:**
* PixelMath to make classic SHO to RGB image
**Nonlinear:**
* SCNR > Invert > SCNR > Invert
* LRGBCombination with Ha
* Shitloads of CurveTransformations to adjust lightness, saturation, contrast, hues, etc
* ACDNR
* LocalHistogramTransformation
* DarkStructureEnhance
* More Curves
* EZ Star Reduction
* Even more curves
* Resample to 65%
* Annotation
Beautiful shots from EVERSPACE.
Shot using Fraps and in-game Action Freeze cam. Bottom cropped (Beta Build and EVERSPACE logo).
Beta (1.1.28051) access is finally here !
Crowdfunded and from the makers of the iconic Galaxy on Fire series comes a new breed of space shooter for PC and Xbox One, combining roguelike elements with top-notch visuals and a captivating story.
We’ve crossed the border into Mexico on my Pan-American Trek using Google Street View. The border town of Nuevo Laredo, Tamaulipas, is very different from its cousin town of Laredo, Texas, but the cultural crossovers are still very evident. Nuevo Laredo is a key logistics hub in Mexico.
It’s been 8800 km from Dead Horse, Alaska, to Laredo, Texas, and it will be about 2400 km from Nuevo Loredo to Tapachula, at the Mexico-Guatemala border. Unfortunately, Google Street View isn’t available in the rest of Central America, so we’ll be doing a virtual flight from Mexico to Columbia, South America.
Some initial thoughts about the trip from Alaska to Texas:
* Google Street View is one of the most important photographic endeavors of history, and Street View drivers are photography pioneers. Really.
* A drive in Alaska can be the most boring imaginable or the most glorious.
* Alberta Highway 93, otherwise known as the Icefields Parkway, or Promenade des Glaciers, is heavenly.
* Towns really do have archetypal layouts; the “other side of tracks” is literally true.
* Decaying brick, wood, and metal are sustainable art.
* The US is a visibly Christian country.
* Grain and livestock businesses still exist in Grain Belt, but fewer people are needed for labor, so almost everyone has migrated, leaving modern ghost towns.
* Signage is often purposefully quirky, an artistic brand expression.
* No one is outside in the US, they’re only visible getting into, inside, or getting out of cars.
* Wall art falls into three categories – gang or random graffiti, “endorsed” wall art (by a town or business), and “unendorsed” wall art, the latter being typically the most intense and artistic.
* More old buildings exist as you go south, probably because of increased density and less harsh weather.
* The Texas Panhandle looks like it’s been standing up to a strong wind for a long time.
* Texans use trees purposefully to frame their houses.
* Mexican-Hispanic influence increases nonlinearly as a function of closeness to the Mexican border.
* Abandoned buildings are a luxury of a rich society; the US can afford to build structures that last and afford to leave them to decay without stealing their materials or re-using them in some intelligent way.
* Is it possible that there’s a “Law of Conservation of Interestingness”? In awesome landscapes the buildings are boring and aren’t made to last; in boring landscapes (dry landscapes?) the buildings are made to be more interesting and last a long time, which in turn makes them even more interesting.
* Is virtual photography a new field?
Got tired of shooting faint nebulas and decided to photograph a bright one. Though the Orion nebula is a popular beginner target, it can be difficult to shoot because of the bright core. Combining images with [different exposure lengths](i.imgur.com/e8x44cr.png) into an HDR image is necessary in order to properly expose for the faint dust surrounding M42 and the bright nebulosity near the trapezium. I opted to go for a more subtle HDR look with this one, which i think is more visually pleasing than [some other overcooked HDR images](live.staticflickr.com/65535/48796843946_deef1e3ef0_o.png). Also for those interested I made a [short time lapse](www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZQmbf92mCQo) of my telescope in action photographing this. Captured on January 22, 23, and February 7th, 2021 from a Bortle 6 zone (Probably higher local bortle level due to [streetlamp at the south end of my driveway](i.imgur.com/XDZ1t13.png))
---
**[Equipment:](i.imgur.com/6T8QNsv.jpg)**
* TPO 6" F/4 Imaging Newtonian
* Orion Sirius EQ-G
* ZWO ASI1600MM-Pro
* Skywatcher Quattro Coma Corrector
* ZWO EFW 8x1.25"/31mm
* Astronomik LRGB+CLS Filters- 31mm
* Astrodon 31mm Ha 5nm, Oiii 3nm, Sii 5nm
* Agena 50mm Deluxe Straight-Through Guide Scope
* ZWO ASI-120MC for guiding
* Moonlite Autofocuser
**Acquisition:** 5 hours 54 minutes (Camera at Unity Gain, -20°C)
* L- 109x120" + 50x15" + 50x5"
* R- 23x120" + 25x15"
* G- 23x120" + 25x15"
* B- 22x120" + 25x15"
* Darks- 30
* Flats- 30 per filter
**Capture Software:**
* Captured using [N.I.N.A.](nighttime-imaging.eu/) and PHD2 for guiding and dithering.
**[PixInsight Processing:](i.imgur.com/jw6sFt1.png)**
* BatchPreProcessing
* StarAlignment
* [Blink](youtu.be/sJeuWZNWImE?t=40)
* ImageIntegration
* DrizzleIntegration per stack per channel (2x, Var β=1.5)
* HDRComposition per filter to make 64-bit HDR images
* DynamicCrop
* DynamicBackgroundExtraction
**Luminance:**
* EZ Deconvolution
* EZ Denoise
* STF applied via HistogramTransformation to make nonlinear
**RGB:**
* ChannelCombination to combine monochrome R, G, and B HDR stacks into color image
* DynamicBackgroundExtraction
* PhotometricColorCalibration
* SCNR to partially remove greens
* HSV repair to saturate clipped star cores
* Linked STF applied via HistogramTransformation to make nonlinear
**Nonlinear:**
* EZ HDR applied to reveal detail in blown out core per Luminance and RGB images
> I opted to only mix 10% of the HDR image back in the original luminance. Wanted to go with a more subtle HDR look that didn't feel too 'overcooked' while keeping some of the nebulosity near the trapezium visible in the final image.
* LRGBCombination to add lum image as a luminance layer to the RGB image
* [Curve](i.imgur.com/fFLoY5D.jpg)Transformation to adjust lightness, contrast, and saturation
* ACDNR
* LocalHistogramTransformation
* HistogramTransformation to slightly stretch image
* Another Curve for saturation boost
* EZ Star Reduction
* Resample to 78%
* Annotation
Have an abstract day my friends... No camera tossing involved--are you kidding! It's a brand new camera! This is more art-by-driving...
Captured on August 9th 16th, and 26th, 2020 from a Bortle 6 zone.
---
**[Equipment:](i.imgur.com/6T8QNsv.jpg)**
* TPO 6" F/4 Imaging Newtonian
* Orion Sirius EQ-G
* ZWO ASI1600MM-Pro
* Skywatcher Quattro Coma Corrector
* ZWO EFW 8x1.25"/31mm
* Astronomik LRGB+CLS Filters- 31mm
* Astrodon 31mm Ha 5nm, Oiii 3nm, Sii 5nm
* Agena 50mm Deluxe Straight-Through Guide Scope
* ZWO ASI-120MC for guiding
* Moonlite Autofocuser
**Acquisition:**11 hours 40 minutes (Camera at Unity Gain, -15°C)
* Ha- 24x600"
* Oiii- 24x600"
* Sii- 22x600"
* Darks- 30
* Flats- 30 per filter
**Capture Software:**
* Captured using [N.I.N.A.](nighttime-imaging.eu/) and PHD2 for guiding and dithering.
**PixInsight Processing:**
* BatchPreProcessing
* SubframeSelector
* StarAlignment
* [Blink](youtu.be/sJeuWZNWImE?t=40)
* ImageIntegration
* DrizzleIntegration (2x, VarK=1.5)
**Linear:**
* DynamicCrop
* DynamicBackgroundExtraction
* Deconvolution (Ha only)
* [EZ Denoise](darkarchon.internet-box.ch:8443/) (Ha only)
* STF applied via HistogramTransformation to bring each channel nonlinear
**Combining Channels:**
* PixelMath to make classic SHO to RGB image
* Green completely nuked using SCNR
* Pixelmath to make RGB image using ForaxX's palette
> R= (Oiii\^~Oiii)\*Sii + ~(Oiii\^~Oiii)\*Ha
> G= ((Oiii\*Ha)\^~(Oiii\*Ha))\*Ha + ~((Oiii\*Ha)\^~(Oiii\*Ha))\*Oiii
> B= Oiii
* Pixelmath to blend classic and ForaxX SHO images 50:50
**Nonlinear:**
* LRGBCombination using stretched Ha as luminance
* shitloads of [curve](i.imgur.com/c9jUDPw.jpg)transformations to adjust lightness, saturation, contract, hues, etc (some with luminance and yellow color masks)
* HistogramTransformation (lower black point)
* ACDNR
* LocalHistogramTransformation
* EZ Star Reduction
* DarkStructureEnhance
* More Curves
* MMT noise reduction
* Resample to 85%
* Annotation
Beautiful shots from EVERSPACE.
Shot using Fraps and in-game Action Freeze cam. Bottom cropped (EVERSPACE logo).
Do you know that the world of professional photography classifies us a "enthusiastic amateurs"? I kind of like the term--it acknowledges our obsession without putting pressure on us.
I was thinking about how my different contacts--you all--"interest" me in terms of your image's content. I see three types of artists, er, amateurs...
* The Composers. It's all about lines and angles and curves and sections and rules of third and repeating patterns and contrast and symmetry and asymmetry. Exploring the linear and nonlinear.
* The Narrators. It could be kid photos or street photos or photojournalism--the point is these people capture the human moment. Their images, while static, tells a dynamic story.
* The Emoters. These people create an emotional experience when you view their work. It's more than just a "wow" you get from a Composer or an emotional jerk from a Narrator... these people through all the elements of the image are able to create a mood that can be simple or very complex.
While all of else have elements of all three, I think we tend to be better at one than the others.
Hey, I love you all!
Superior, Arizona. Vivitar Ultra Wide and Slim with Kodak Elitechrome EBX 35mm ISO100 slide film cross-processed as a color negative. No other effects added. Development by Tempe Camera. Ninth shot posted from roll.
The Needke Galaxy is an edge-on spiral galaxy, hence why it looks like a needle from our angle on Earth. The uncropped FOV also has [quite a few other background galaxies](i.imgur.com/FAIxzgm.jpg). Captured on April 30th and May 5th, 2021 from a Bortle 6 zone.
---
**[Equipment:](i.imgur.com/6T8QNsv.jpg)**
* TPO 6" F/4 Imaging Newtonian
* Orion Sirius EQ-G
* ZWO ASI1600MM-Pro
* Skywatcher Quattro Coma Corrector
* ZWO EFW 8x1.25"/31mm
* Astronomik LRGB+CLS Filters- 31mm
* Astrodon 31mm Ha 5nm, Oiii 3nm, Sii 5nm
* Agena 50mm Deluxe Straight-Through Guide Scope
* ZWO ASI-120MC for guiding
* Moonlite Autofocuser
**Acquisition:** 7 hours 56 minutes (Camera at Unity Gain, -15°C)
* Lum - 142x120"
* Red - 32x120"
* Green - 32x120"
* Blue - 32x120"
* Darks- 30
* Flats- 30 per filter
**Capture Software:**
* Captured using [N.I.N.A.](nighttime-imaging.eu) and PHD2 for guiding and dithering.
**PixInsight Processing:**
* BatchPreProcessing
* StarAlignment
* [Blink](youtu.be/sJeuWZNWImE?t=40)
* ImageIntegration
* DrizzleIntegration (2x, Var β=1.5) (Lum only)
* StarAlign Ha, R, G, B stacks to drizzled L
* DynamicCrop
* AutomaticBackgroundExtraction
**Luminance:**
* EZ Decon
* ArcsinhStretch + histogramtransformation to bring nonlinear
**RGB:**
* ChannelCombinaiton to combine monochrome R, G, B stacks into color image
* PhotometricColorCalibration
* Slight SCNR
* HSV Repair
* ArcsinhStretch + histogramtransformation to bring nonlinear
**Nonlinear:**
* LRGBCombination with stretched L as luminance
* Several CurveTransformations to adjust lightness, contrast, colors, saturation, etc. (some with star and/or lum masks)
* ACDNR
* EZ StarReduction
* NoiseGenerator to add noise back into star reduced areas
* Final Curves
* Annotation
For the first time since I started doing astrophotography I've processed a comet photo that I actually like. They're usually a bitch to stack/process because the comet moves relative to the background stars, but thanks to Alaskan Astro's [latest video](www.youtube.com/watch?v=SCMyGNZlx5o) I've finally been able to figure it out. Now I just gotta go through the half dozen other comets I've shot over the years but never processed... Captured on the morning of January 28th, 2023 from my Bortle 8 apartment balcony.
**Places where I host my other images:**
[Instagram](www.instagram.com/leftysastrophotography/) | [Flickr](www.flickr.com/people/leftysastrophotography/)
---
**[Equipment:](i.imgur.com/ejpKkwU.jpg)**
* TPO 6" F/4 Imaging Newtonian
* Orion Sirius EQ-G
* ZWO ASI1600MM-Pro
* Skywatcher Quattro Coma Corrector
* ZWO EFW 8x1.25"/31mm
* Astronomik LRGB+CLS Filters- 31mm
* Astrodon 31mm Ha 5nm, Oiii 3nm, Sii 5nm
* Agena 50mm Deluxe Straight-Through Guide Scope
* ZWO ASI-120mc for guiding
* Moonlite Autofocuser
**Acquisition:** 1 hour 32 minutes (Camera at half Unity Gain, -15°C)
* R - 62x30"
* G - 61x30"
* B - 61x30"
> [Exact exposure breakdown here](i.imgur.com/pXgopjI.png)
* Darks- 30
* Flats- 30 per filter
**Capture Software:**
* Captured using [N.I.N.A.](nighttime-imaging.eu) and PHD2 for guiding and dithering.
**PixInsight Processing:**
* BatchPreProcessing
* StarAlignment
* [Blink](youtu.be/sJeuWZNWImE?t=40)
* CometAlign batch StarXterminator + ImageIntegration to make comet only image
* ImageIntegration to make stars only image
**Comet Only Processing:**
* Channelcombination to convert monochrome R, G, and B stacks into color image
* DynamicCrop
* Channel match to align the color channels together (this comet is BOOKING it)
* DynamicBackgroundExtraction
* HistogramTransformation to stretch nonlinear
* BackgroundNeutralization
* Several curves adjustments for lights, contrast, saturation, hues, etc
**Stars only Processing:**
* Channelcombination to convert monochrome R, G, and B stacks into color image
* DynamicCrop
* DynamicBackgroundExtraction
* SpectroPhotometricColorCalibration
* HSV Repair
* ran starX on a copy of this image, subtracted this residual from the original image to make a truly stars only image
* ArcsinhStratch + HistogramTransformation to stretch nonlinear
**Nonlinear processing:**
* combined starless comet pic with stars only pic using Jimmy's pixelmath
> mtf(~m,(mtf(m,Starless)+mtf(m,Stars)))
* noiseXterminator
* ColorSaturation (comet tail was a little too red for my liking originally)
* MLT for chrominance denoise
* Even more curves
* EZ star reduction + noise generator to add noise back into star reduced areas
* more color saturation
* even more curves
* annotation
Decided to try out a combination of narrowband + broadband data on this one. The HaGO palette maps Hydrogen to red, Green to green, and Oxygen to blue, to mimic the true colors of an RGB image but keep the details from narrowband filters. /u/dylanodonnell has more info on it [in his video](www.youtube.com/watch?v=o4Rl3heOIro), which was my main inspiration for trying out this palette. Pleased with how it turned out. [Also made a starless version of it](i.imgur.com/tNyd0Lc.jpg). Captured on August 21, 22, 23, and 24th, 2021 from a Bortle 6 zone.
---
**[Equipment:](i.imgur.com/6T8QNsv.jpg)**
* TPO 6" F/4 Imaging Newtonian
* Orion Sirius EQ-G
* ZWO ASI1600MM-Pro
* Skywatcher Quattro Coma Corrector
* ZWO EFW 8x1.25"/31mm
* Astronomik LRGB+CLS Filters- 31mm
* Astrodon 31mm Ha 5nm, Oiii 3nm, Sii 5nm
* Agena 50mm Deluxe Straight-Through Guide Scope
* ZWO ASI-120MC for guiding
* Moonlite Autofocuser
**Acquisition:** 20 hours 12 minutes (Camera at Unity Gain, -15°C)
* Ha- 92x360"
* Green- 75x120"
* Oiii- 85x360"
Calibration frames:
* Darks- 30
* Flats- 30 per filter
**Capture Software:**
* Captured using [N.I.N.A.](nighttime-imaging.eu) and PHD2 for guiding and dithering.
**[PixInsight Processing](i.imgur.com/RKxuwvV.png):**
* BatchPreProcessing
* SubframeSelector
* StarAlignment
* [Blink](youtu.be/sJeuWZNWImE?t=40)
* ImageIntegration
* DrizzleIntegration (2x, Var β=1.5) (per channel)
**Linear:**
* AutomaticBackgroundExtraction
* DynamicBackgroundExtraction
* EZ Decon + EZ Denoise (Ha only)
* EZ Soft Stretch per channel to bring nonlinear
**Combining Channels:**
* Channel Combination to map Ha, Green, and Oiii to RGB respectively
**Nonlinear:**
* SCNR Green
* LRGBCombination with Ha as luminance
* Shitloads of CurveTransformations to adjust lightness, saturation, contrast, hues, etc.
* ACDNR
* ColorSaturation
* More Curves
* EZ Star Reduction
* NoiseGenerator to add noise into reduced star areas
* even more curves
* Resample to 60%
* Annotation
Not *technically* the entire north america, I just decided to point my telescope at a semi-random patch of Cygnus. Turns out it [overlaps slightly](i.imgur.com/2GM8qBg.png) with my photo of the Cygnus Wall from last year. Probably gonna mosaic them together with a 3rd panel in the near future. Also ran the [final image through starnet](i.imgur.com/M7fr0jy.jpg) for the hell of it. Captured over 7 nights in August and September 2021 from a Bortle 6 zone. (only did this for like an hour per night while waiting for the helix nebula to get above trees
---
**[Equipment:](i.imgur.com/6T8QNsv.jpg)**
* TPO 6" F/4 Imaging Newtonian
* Orion Sirius EQ-G
* ZWO ASI1600MM-Pro
* Skywatcher Quattro Coma Corrector
* ZWO EFW 8x1.25"/31mm
* Astronomik LRGB+CLS Filters- 31mm
* Astrodon 31mm Ha 5nm, Oiii 3nm, Sii 5nm
* Agena 50mm Deluxe Straight-Through Guide Scope
* ZWO ASI-120MC for guiding
* Moonlite Autofocuser
**Acquisition:** 15 hours 12 minutes (Camera at Unity Gain, -15°C)
* Sii- 52x360
* Ha- 44x360"
* Oiii- 56x360"
Calibration frames:
* Darks- 30
* Flats- 30 per filter
**Capture Software:**
* Captured using [N.I.N.A.](nighttime-imaging.eu) and PHD2 for guiding and dithering.
**[PixInsight Processing](i.imgur.com/RKxuwvV.png):**
* BatchPreProcessing
* StarAlignment
* [Blink](youtu.be/sJeuWZNWImE?t=40)
* ImageIntegration
* DrizzleIntegration (2x, Var β=1.5) (per channel)
**Linear:**
* AutomaticBackgroundExtraction
* EZ Decon (Ha only)
> the data didnt really benefit from noise reduction
* EZ Soft Stretch per channel to bring nonlinear
**Combining Channels:**
* Channel Combination to map Sii, Ha, and Oiii to RGB respectively
**Nonlinear:**
* SCNR green > invert > SCNR > invert
> Didn't run SCNR at 100% for this, just wanted to pull back the overpowering greens and magentas a little
* LRGBCombination with Ha as luminance
* Shitloads of CurveTransformations to adjust lightness, saturation, contrast, hues, etc.
* LocalHistogramEqualization
> two rounds of this, one at size 16 kernel for the finer 'feathery' details, and one at 130 for larger structures
* More Curves
* EZ Star Reduction
* NoiseGenerator to add noise into reduced star areas
* DarkStructureEnhance
* even more curves
* Resample to 60%
* Annotation
Went to visit my future in-laws this past weekend and and took advantage of their dark skies and (fairly) new moon. Wanted to shoot other targets throughout the night but fog or clouds came in every night around midnight. I'd consider this image an improvement from the last time I shot M33 back in 2018.
This image was taken with a monochrome camera through filters for luminance (all visible light), red, green, blue, and Hydrogen-alpha (656nm), which were combined into a tue color image. The Hydrogen-alpha was combined with the RGB data (described below) to enhance the hydrogen nebulae in the galaxy (red splotches in the spiral arms). Captured on October 8-10 from a bortle 4 zone (Ha data from my bortle 6 driveway on the 12th).
---
**[Equipment:](i.imgur.com/6T8QNsv.jpg)**
* TPO 6" F/4 Imaging Newtonian
* Orion Sirius EQ-G
* ZWO ASI1600MM-Pro
* Skywatcher Quattro Coma Corrector
* ZWO EFW 8x1.25"/31mm
* Astronomik LRGB+CLS Filters- 31mm
* Astrodon 31mm Ha 5nm, Oiii 3nm, Sii 5nm
* Agena 50mm Deluxe Straight-Through Guide Scope
* ZWO ASI-290mc for guiding
* Moonlite Autofocuser
**Acquisition:** 11 hours 53 minutes (Camera at Unity Gain, -15°C)
* Lum - 103x180"
* Ha - 16x300"
* Red - 36x180"
* Green - 36x180"
* Blue - 36x180"
* Darks- 30
* Flats- 30 per filter
**Capture Software:**
* Captured using [N.I.N.A.](nighttime-imaging.eu) and PHD2 for guiding and dithering.
**PixInsight Processing:**
* BatchPreProcessing
* SubframeSelector
* StarAlignment
* [Blink](youtu.be/sJeuWZNWImE?t=40)
* ImageIntegration
* DrizzleIntegration (2x, Var β=1.5)
* DynamicCrop
* DynamicBackgroundExtraction
**Luminance:**
* EZ Decon + Denoise
* ArcsinhStretch + histogramtransformation to bring nonlinear
**RGB:**
* ChannelCombinaiton to combine monochrome R, G, B stacks into color image
* PhotometricColorCalibration
* SCNR green
**Adding Ha:**
> I followed this tutorial which had great results [on my last HaLRGB galaxy pic](www.reddit.com/r/astrophotography/comments/ml2os3/m51_the...):
> www.arciereceleste.it/tutorial-pixinsight/cat-tutorial-en...
* PixelMath to make Clean Ha. This effectively [isolates just the Ha regions](i.imgur.com/Aob3UEO.png) from the red continuum spectrum
> Ha-Q * (Red-med (Red))
> Q=0.08
* PixelMath to combine Clean Ha
* PixelMath to add Ha to RGB image ($T)
> R= $T+B*(Ha_Clean - med(Ha_Clean))
> G= $T
> B= $T+B\*0.2*(Ha_Clean - med(Ha_Clean))
> B=3
**HaRGB:**
* HSV Repair
* ArcsinhStretch + histogramtransformation to bring nonlinear
**Nonlinear:**
* LRGBCombination with nonlinear L as luminance
* LRGBCombination again with galaxy masked, chrominance noise reduction applied to background
* HistogramTransformation to lower black point
* ColorSaturation to slightly desaturate Ha regions (clean Ha mask used)
* Shitloads of [Curve](i.imgur.com/iPmMDHp.jpg)Transformations to adjust lightness, contrast, colors, saturation, etc. (various masks used)
* LocalHistogramEqualization
* ACDNR
* Extract L channel > LRGBC again for chrominance noise reduction in the galaxy itself
* EZ StarReduction
* NoiseGenerator to add noise back into reduced stars
* More Curves
* Another round of LHE, smaller kernel radius this time
* Even more curves
* DynamicCrop to 16:9 aspect ratio
* Resample to 60%
* Annotation
This image was a collaborative effort between /u/hotspicybonr and myself. Due to the fact that we have almost identical astrophotography rigs, we decided to spend last weekend shooting it together, over 2100 miles apart. The quality of the data we got was impacted a lot by the full moon and my light pollution, but I'm pleased with the final results. We ended up with about 1000 total frames across all filters (everything was pretty evenly split between us). Preprocessing generated around 160GB of calibrated/intermediate files, and drizzle stacking took about 7 hours on my PC. Captured on February 18-20th, 2022 from a Bortle 6 zone (Bonr's data was from bortle 4-5)
Also I'd highly recommend zooming and panning around the image, as there are a [fair number of background galaxies](i.imgur.com/VtW3DqW.jpg)
---
**[Equipment:](i.imgur.com/ejpKkwU.jpg)**
* TPO 6" F/4 Imaging Newtonian
* Orion Sirius EQ-G
* ZWO ASI1600MM-Pro
* Skywatcher Quattro Coma Corrector
* ZWO EFW 8x1.25"/31mm
* Astronomik LRGB+CLS Filters- 31mm
* Astrodon 31mm Ha 5nm, Oiii 3nm, Sii 5nm
* Agena 50mm Deluxe Straight-Through Guide Scope
* ZWO ASI-290mc for guiding
* Moonlite Autofocuser
**Acquisition:** 23 hours 35 minutes (Camera at Unity Gain, -20°C)
* L- 434x60"
* R- 169x90"
* G- 170x90"
* B- 170x90"
* Darks- 30
* Flats- 30 per filter
**Capture Software:**
* Captured using [N.I.N.A.](nighttime-imaging.eu) and PHD2 for guiding and dithering.
**PixInsight Processing:**
* BatchPreProcessing
* SubframeSelector
* StarAlignment
* [Blink](youtu.be/sJeuWZNWImE?t=40)
* ImageIntegration
* DrizzleIntegration (2x, Var β=1.5)
**Linear:**
* DynamicCrop
* DynamicBackgroundExtraction
* EZ Decon/Denoise
* ArcsinhStretch + HistogramTransformation to stretch to nonlinear
**RGB:**
* Channelcombination to combine monochrome images into RGB image
* PhotometricColorCalibration
* HSV repair
* ArcsinhStretch + HistogramTransformation to stretch nonlinear
**Nonlinear:**
* LRGBCombination with luminance
* LRGBCombination with luminance again, inverted background mask used to protect galaxy from chronicance noise reduction
* Shitloads of CurveTransformations to adjust lightness, saturation, contrast, hues, etc.
* MLT noise reduction
* Unsharp mask to further sharpen the galaxy
* LocalHistogramEqualization
* EZ star reduction
* NoiseGenerator to add noise back into star reduced areas
* More curves
* Resample to 60%
* annotation
The Cat's Eye has always been on my list of favorite targets, and I wanted to see if I could do justice to it with the new scope I just bought (Orion Optics UK AG12). What makes this nebula so difficult is the huge dynamic range: you've got an ultra bright, tiny core surrounded by a faint gas halo. Both capturing and processing this were a challenge.
The halo is the easier of the two by far: five minute exposures of Ha, Oiii, and Sii revealed very strong signal in Oiii, decent signal in Ha, and faint but visible signal in Sii.
Exposing for the core, however, was a different story. It contains a lot of interesting structure, if you use Hubble and other images for reference: it's a series of interlocking bubbles surrounding a single central star. All that detail required careful exposure to make sure I didn't overexpose and blow it it. I tried two minutes. Nope: blown out. One minute: nope. 30 seconds: negative, big bright blob. At this point I am sweating because if I went any lower and I doubted I would have enough other stars to register properly. Then in the middle of this trial and error, my new ASI 2600MM Pro arrived: its well depth is over twice that of the ASI 1600, so 30 second exposures DID work out without blowing it all out, and retained plenty of other stars to boot. Whew. (No, ZWO is not paying me to write this!).
When it came to processing, given the massive dynamic range, I had to take a layered approach: I created Ha, Oiii, and Sii submasters for the halo, and a separate set of submasters for the core detail, which fortunately I was able to capture both the rings and the single core star, even if they were approaching the very limits of my image scale. I then combined the core and halo submasters using masking techniques in Pixinsight and Pixelmath to create master Ha, Oii, and Sii images which were then combined into an RGB image using Pixelmath. From there it was just basic sharpening and noise reduction, a few curves adjustments to taste.
Thanks for reading if you made it this far: hope you enjoy the image!
OOUK AG12 Paramount MX+ ZWO ASI2600MM Pro ZWO ASI290 mini guide cam ZWO M68 OAG and filter wheel Chroma filters 24 hours total integration time (120x300” for Ha and Oiii, 28x300” for Sii, and 120 x 30” for Ha and Oiii) Processed in Pixinsight: WBPP MureDenoise HT to take nonlinear RangeSelection and Pixelmath to make masks Pixelmath to combine images CurvesTransformation to tweak colors UnsharpMask to sharpen a little
This is the second posting from an "alt maths" shoot at the Southbank's skatepark. Emma J Black reading "Nonlinear Dynamics And Chaos" by Steven H. Strogatz.
By way of brief, imprecise answer to interested questions as to the "why" behind the project, it was nominally inspired by "The Girl With The Dragon Tattoo", and Lisbeth Salander's obsession with Fermat. I thought I'd pick the theme up as a project whilst I learn lighting for some wilder future ideas for which I will need to up my strobe game considerably.
There are also some learnings around DOF/focus. I'm a fan of shallow DOF, yet getting clean focus on the book's details is an interesting challenge. Certainly a good project for moving one's understanding up a level.
This book's quite a read actually. There's a neat section describing Romeo and Juliet's relationship in terms of mathematics. One of those reads where it all starts so sensibly, so clearly, so understandably, and then, on a point, explodes into blinding complexity like a firework in a microwave.
The model is Emma J Black, met through Purpleport. If you have a second, her portfolio is pretty intense, and worth checking out here (NSFW). She's fantastic to work with, and more pictures from our shoot will be coming shortly.
There's a second shot in the comments. With the new design of Flickr, I'm posting the back up images separately, as they quickly get buried in the comments and then hidden.
Hope everyone is well and enjoying an exciting/productive week.
Not seeing the fish personally but that's what Stellarium is calling it. Captured on May 7th, June 15, 24, and 27th from a Bortle 6 zone.
---
**[Equipment:](i.imgur.com/6T8QNsv.jpg)**
* TPO 6" F/4 Imaging Newtonian
* Orion Sirius EQ-G
* ZWO ASI1600MM-Pro
* Skywatcher Quattro Coma Corrector
* ZWO EFW 8x1.25"/31mm
* Astronomik LRGB+CLS Filters- 31mm
* Astrodon 31mm Ha 5nm, Oiii 3nm, Sii 5nm
* Agena 50mm Deluxe Straight-Through Guide Scope
* ZWO ASI-120MC for guiding
* Moonlite Autofocuser
**Acquisition:** 8 hours 58 minutes (Camera at Unity Gain, -15°C)
* Lum - 152x120"
* Red - 38x120"
* Green - 39x120"
* Blue - 39x120"
* Darks- 30
* Flats- 30 per filter
**Capture Software:**
* Captured using [N.I.N.A.](nighttime-imaging.eu) and PHD2 for guiding and dithering.
**PixInsight Processing:**
* BatchPreProcessing
* StarAlignment
* [Blink](youtu.be/sJeuWZNWImE?t=40)
* ImageIntegration
* DrizzleIntegration (2x, Var β=1.5) (Lum only)
* StarAlign R, G, B stacks to drizzled L
* DynamicCrop
* AutomaticBackgroundExtraction
**Luminance:**
* EZ Decon
* ArcsinhStretch + histogramtransformation to bring nonlinear
**RGB:**
* ChannelCombinaiton to combine monochrome R, G, B stacks into color image
* PhotometricColorCalibration
* Slight SCNR
* HSV Repair
* ArcsinhStretch + histogramtransformation to bring nonlinear
**Nonlinear:**
* LRGBCombination with stretched L as luminance
* Several CurveTransformations to adjust lightness, contrast, colors, saturation, etc. (some with star and/or lum masks)
* ACDNR
* EZ StarReduction
* NoiseGenerator to add noise back into star reduced areas
* SCNR Green
* Final Curves
* Annotation
This thing is low surface brightness alright. could definitely have benefitted from being shot under darker skies, but I worked with what I could get from my driveway. Captured over 6 nights in April/May, 2022 from a Bortle 6 zone
---
**[Equipment:](i.imgur.com/ejpKkwU.jpg)**
* TPO 6" F/4 Imaging Newtonian
* Orion Sirius EQ-G
* ZWO ASI1600MM-Pro
* Skywatcher Quattro Coma Corrector
* ZWO EFW 8x1.25"/31mm
* Astronomik LRGB+CLS Filters- 31mm
* Astrodon 31mm Ha 5nm, Oiii 3nm, Sii 5nm
* Agena 50mm Deluxe Straight-Through Guide Scope
* ZWO ASI-290mc for guiding
* Moonlite Autofocuser
**Acquisition:** 18 hours 48 minutes (Camera at Unity Gain, -20°C)
* L- 148x120"
* R- 64x120"
* G- 49x120"
* B- 57x120"
* Ha - 82x300"
* Darks- 30
* Flats- 30 per filter
**Capture Software:**
* Captured using [N.I.N.A.](nighttime-imaging.eu) and PHD2 for guiding and dithering.
**PixInsight Processing:**
* BatchPreProcessing
* SubframeSelector
* StarAlignment
* [Blink](youtu.be/sJeuWZNWImE?t=40)
* ImageIntegration
* DrizzleIntegration (2x, Var β=1.5)
**Linear:**
* DynamicCrop
* DynamicBackgroundExtraction
* NoiseXTerminator (lum only)
* MaskedStretch to 0.1 background
* Starnet++ starmask made, subtracted from 0.3 Gray image and colvolved
* Previous image used as a mask to stretch nebulosity without stretching stars
* Normal HistogramTransformation
**RGB:**
* Channelcombination to combine monochrome images into RGB image
* PhotometricColorCalibration
* SCNR green
* HSV Repair
**Adding Ha:**
> I followed this tutorial which had great results on some [prior](www.reddit.com/r/astrophotography/comments/q8ogec/m33_the...) HaLRGB [galaxy pics](www.reddit.com/r/astrophotography/comments/ml2os3/m51_the...):
> www.arciereceleste.it/tutorial-pixinsight/cat-tutorial-en...
* PixelMath to make Clean Ha. This effectively [isolates just the Ha regions](i.imgur.com/Aob3UEO.png) from the red continuum spectrum
> Ha-Q * (Red-med (Red))
> Q=0.15
* PixelMath to combine Clean Ha
* PixelMath to add Ha to RGB image ($T)
> R= $T+B*(Ha_Clean - med(Ha_Clean))
> G= $T
> B= $T+B\*0.2*(Ha_Clean - med(Ha_Clean))
> B=2
**HaRGB:**
* ArcsinhStretch + HistogramTransformations to stretch nonlinear
**Nonlinear:**
* Curves to saturate the galaxy
* color saturation to slightly desaturate the Ha regions (they got boosted a little too much)
* LRGBCombination with luminance
* NoiseXTerminator
* Shitloads of CurveTransformations to adjust lightness, saturation, contrast, hues, etc.
* several rounds of MLT for luminance and chrominance noise reduction
* more curves
* EZ Star Reduction
* noise generator to add noise back into star reduced areas
* Extract L --> LRGBCombination for background chrominance noise reduction
* Slight SCNR
* more curves
* Resample to 70%
* Annotation
Created for TMI's challenge "In the Style of the Pattern and Decoration Movement"
www.flickr.com/groups/impressionists/discuss/721576497207...
From Wikipedia:
"In chaos theory, the butterfly effect is the sensitive dependence on initial conditions in which a small change in one state of a deterministic nonlinear system can result in large differences in a later state. The name of the effect, coined by Edward Lorenz, is derived from the metaphorical example of the details of a hurricane (exact time of formation, exact path taken) being influenced by minor perturbations such as the flapping of the wings of a distant butterfly several weeks earlier. Lorenz discovered the effect when he observed that runs of his weather model with initial condition data that was rounded in a seemingly inconsequential manner would fail to reproduce the results of runs with the unrounded initial condition data. A very small change in initial conditions had created a significantly different outcome.
The phrase refers to the idea that a butterfly's wings might create tiny changes in the atmosphere that may ultimately alter the path of a tornado or delay, accelerate or even prevent the occurrence of a tornado in another location. Note that the butterfly does not power or directly create the tornado. The Butterfly effect does not convey the notion - as is often misconstrued - that the flap of the butterfly's wings causes the tornado. The flap of the wings is a part of the initial conditions; one set of conditions leads to a tornado while the other set of conditions doesn't. The flapping wing represents a small change in the initial condition of the system, which causes a chain of events leading to large-scale alterations of events."
I don't necessarily believe in it--but I do think it's a fascinating theory--one of those things the mind could dwell on for quite a while and then, ponder longer. As I put my trust in a Divine Hand, I believe that should He desire to make any changes, He can direct any disturbances, or not, depending on His choosing. And after all, He once appointed a worm, so a butterfly is certainly reasonable!
My original image was of a blurry red mum on a mustard colored background.
If you look closely (view large), I think you'll be able to imagine quite a few butterflies in there...although there were none originally...perhaps an intrinsic "butterfly effect" all its own.
Visited my future in laws and took advantage of their dark skies and new moon. Gotta say this turned out a [lot better than the last time I imaged from there](i.imgur.com/kSs4suM.png), and turned out better than my previous Markarian's Chain photo from 2018. For those curious [eveything highlighted in this pic is a galaxy](i.imgur.com/K7Y6wKd.jpg). Captured on April 3rd, 2021 from a Bortle 4 zone
---
**[Equipment:](i.imgur.com/6T8QNsv.jpg)**
* TPO 6" F/4 Imaging Newtonian
* Orion Sirius EQ-G
* ZWO ASI1600MM-Pro
* Skywatcher Quattro Coma Corrector
* ZWO EFW 8x1.25"/31mm
* Astronomik LRGB+CLS Filters- 31mm
* Astrodon 31mm Ha 5nm, Oiii 3nm, Sii 5nm
* Agena 50mm Deluxe Straight-Through Guide Scope
* ZWO ASI-120MC for guiding
* Moonlite Autofocuser
**Acquisition:** 3 hours 36 minutes (Camera at Unity Gain, -15°C)
* Lum - 136x180"
* Red - 12x180"
* Green - 12x180"
* Blue - 12x180"
* Darks- 30
* Flats- 30 per filter
**Capture Software:**
* Captured using [N.I.N.A.](nighttime-imaging.eu) and PHD2 for guiding and dithering.
**PixInsight Processing:**
* BatchPreProcessing
* StarAlignment
* [Blink](youtu.be/sJeuWZNWImE?t=40)
* ImageIntegration
* DrizzleIntegration (2x, Var β=1.5) (Lum only)
* StarAlign Ha, R, G, B stacks to drizzled L
* DynamicCrop
* AutomaticBackgroundExtraction
**Luminance:**
* EZ Denoise
* MMT de-splotching
* ArcsinhStretch + histogramtransformation to bring nonlinear
**RGB:**
* ChannelCombinaiton to combine monochrome R, G, B stacks into color image
* PhotometricColorCalibration
* Slight SCNR
* HSV Repair
* ArcsinhStretch + histogramtransformation to bring nonlinear
* Saturation Curve
**Nonlinear:**
* LRGBCombination with stretched L as luminance
* Several CurveTransformations to adjust lightness, contrast, colors, saturation, etc. (some with star and/or lum masks)
* ACDNR
* EZ StarReduction
* Final Curves
* Resample to 60%
* Annotation
Turns out I shot/processed this image a while ago, but then completely forgot about it on my hard drive. There is a bit of dark nebula around these clusters, however I wasn't able to capture it that well from my light pollution level. Both clusters are about 7000-8000 light years away from us according to wikipedia. Captured on December 12-14th, 2021 from my Bortle 6 driveway.
---
**[Equipment:](i.imgur.com/ejpKkwU.jpg)**
* TPO 6" F/4 Imaging Newtonian
* Orion Sirius EQ-G
* ZWO ASI1600MM-Pro
* Skywatcher Quattro Coma Corrector
* ZWO EFW 8x1.25"/31mm
* Astronomik LRGB+CLS Filters- 31mm
* Astrodon 31mm Ha 5nm, Oiii 3nm, Sii 5nm
* Agena 50mm Deluxe Straight-Through Guide Scope
* ZWO ASI-120mc for guiding
* Moonlite Autofocuser
**Acquisition:** 6 hours 15 minutes (Camera at Unity Gain, -15°C)
* Lum- 118x90"
* Red- 46x90"
* Green- 43x60"
* Blue- 43x60"
* Darks- 30
* Flats- 30 per filter
**Capture Software:**
* Captured using [N.I.N.A.](nighttime-imaging.eu) and PHD2 for guiding and dithering.
**[PixInsight Processing:](www.youtube.com/watch?v=E6vj_SEZ79k)**
* BatchPreProcessing
* StarAlignment
* [Blink](youtu.be/sJeuWZNWImE?t=40)
* ImageIntegration
* DrizzleIntegration (2x, Var β=1.5)
**Linear:**
* DynamicCrop
* Dynamic Background extraction
**RGB:**
* ChannelCombination to map monochrome R, G, and B images into a color image
* PhotometricColorCalibration
* Slight SCNR green
* HSV repair
* ArcsinhStretch + HistogramTransformation to bring nonlinear
**Luminance:**
* EZ Denoise
* ArcsinhStretch + HistogramTransformation to bring nonlinear
**Nonlinear:**
* LRGBCombination with stretched L as luminance
* Several curves transformations to adjust lightness, contrast, saturation, etc
* SCNR green
* MLT Noise reduction
* More Curves
* Resample to 60%
* Annotation
Third summer in a row shooting the veil nebula. Last year I shot [Pickering's Triangle](www.reddit.com/r/astrophotography/comments/i1libq/pickeri...), and the year prior was the [Eastern Veil](www.reddit.com/r/astrophotography/comments/cl9w6r/ngc_699...). This is definitely an improvement from [the last time I shot this nebula in 2017](www.reddit.com/r/astrophotography/comments/74d2x2/c34_the...). Also want to point out the nutty amount of faint nebulosity in [inverted Ha](i.imgur.com/OypgIth.jpg) and [starless](i.imgur.com/z1LUKJo.jpg) images. Captured on June 15, 16, 17, 18, and 24th, 2021 from a Bortle 6 zone.
---
**[Equipment:](i.imgur.com/6T8QNsv.jpg)**
* TPO 6" F/4 Imaging Newtonian
* Orion Sirius EQ-G
* ZWO ASI1600MM-Pro
* Skywatcher Quattro Coma Corrector
* ZWO EFW 8x1.25"/31mm
* Astronomik LRGB+CLS Filters- 31mm
* Astrodon 31mm Ha 5nm, Oiii 3nm, Sii 5nm
* Agena 50mm Deluxe Straight-Through Guide Scope
* ZWO ASI-120MC for guiding
* Moonlite Autofocuser
**Acquisition:** 17 hours 0 minutes (Camera at Unity Gain, -15°C)
* Ha- 85x360"
* Oiii- 85x360
Calibration frames:
* Darks- 30
* Flats- 30 per filter
**Capture Software:**
* Captured using [N.I.N.A.](nighttime-imaging.eu) and PHD2 for guiding and dithering.
**[PixInsight Processing](i.imgur.com/RKxuwvV.png):**
* BatchPreProcessing
* SubframeSelector
* StarAlignment
* [Blink](youtu.be/sJeuWZNWImE?t=40)
* ImageIntegration
* DrizzleIntegration (2x, Var β=1.5) (per channel)
**Linear:**
* DynamicBackgroundExtraction
* EZ Decon (50:50 blend of original and deconned images)
* EZ Denoise
* MMT Desplotching
**Stretching nonlinear:** (method courtesy of /u/xanthine_oxidase)
* MaskedStretch to 0.1 background
* Starnet++ starmask made, subtracted from 0.3 Gray image and colvolved
* Previous image used as a mask to stretch nebulosity without stretching stars
* Normal HistogramTransformation
**Combining Channels:**
* PixelMath to map Ha, Oiii, Oiii to RGB, respectively
**Nonlinear:**
* LRGBCombination with extracted L as luminance
* Shitloads of CurveTransformations to adjust lightness, saturation, contrast, hues, etc.
* SCNR to partially remove green
* ACDNR
* ColorSaturation
* More Curves
* EZ Star Reduction
* NoiseGenerator to add noise into reduced star areas
* More Curves
* Resample to 60%
* Annotation
Ferns growing in between large boulders above Big Creek, Great Smoky Mountains National Park. This point is just after Midnight Hole Falls and before Mouse Creek Falls. I didn't realize how close Mouse Creek Falls was to this location, or I would have continued on. Instead, I planned on visiting Mouse Creek Falls the next morning on my way to Tricorner Knob 15.3 miles away on the AT. Scenes such as this show why Big Creek is such a great area for photography, especially in the spring: new growth on the ground and in the trees provides for a good contrast to the large, dark boulders strewn about.
My research at Georgia Tech has recently involved nonlinear dynamics. In the 1970's the newly discovered phenomena of chaos was needing a geometric foundation - Mandlebrot provided this with the theory of fractals. A fractal shape is one in which no matter what scale you look, the shape looks the same. Many fractals exist in nature (clouds, boulder fields, broccoli...), but one of the easiest to see is a fern.
Decided to try out the OSH palette for once (aka the synthwave or bisexual palette). This is the combination of three monochrome images taken through Oxygen, Sulfur, and Hydrogen filters, which were then mapped to Red, Green, and Blue channels, respectively, to make a false color image. I've usually combined my past narrowband images using the [SHO (aka Hubble) Palette](live.staticflickr.com/65535/49835160918_15f0d80923_o.png), but wanted to change things up for this one. Also made a [starless version which helps show off the fainter nebulosity](i.imgur.com/aoXUNmJ.jpg).
Captured on October 15-18th, 2021 from a Bortle 6 zone.
---
**[Equipment:](i.imgur.com/6T8QNsv.jpg)**
* TPO 6" F/4 Imaging Newtonian
* Orion Sirius EQ-G
* ZWO ASI1600MM-Pro
* Skywatcher Quattro Coma Corrector
* ZWO EFW 8x1.25"/31mm
* Astronomik LRGB+CLS Filters- 31mm
* Astrodon 31mm Ha 5nm, Oiii 3nm, Sii 5nm
* Agena 50mm Deluxe Straight-Through Guide Scope
* ZWO ASI-290mc for guiding
* Moonlite Autofocuser
**Acquisition:** 22 hours 42 minutes (Camera at Unity Gain, -15°C)
* Ha- 35x360"
* Oiii- 72x360"
* Sii- 70x360"
* Darks- 30
* Flats- 30 per filter
**Capture Software:**
* Captured using [N.I.N.A.](nighttime-imaging.eu) and PHD2 for guiding and dithering.
**PixInsight Processing:**
* BatchPreProcessing
* SubframeSelector
* StarAlignment
* [Blink](youtu.be/sJeuWZNWImE?t=40)
* ImageIntegration
* DynamicCrop
* DynamicBackgroundExtraction
* EZ Decon + Denoise (Ha only)
* STF applied via HistogramTransformaion to bring each channel nonlinear
* Channel combination to make RGB image (OSH --> RGB)
* LRGBCombination with Ha as luminance
* SCNR green
* Shitloads of CurveTransformations to adjust lightness, contrast, saturation, hues, etc.
* LocalHistogramEqualization
* ColorSaturation
* HistogramTransformation to lower black point
* EZ Star reduction (multiple passes throughout nonlinear processing)
* NoiseGenerator to add noise back into reduced stars
* More curves
* Resample to 60%
* Annotation
Moscú - Moscow - Москва
Happening (de la palabra inglesa que significa acontecimiento, ocurrencia, suceso) es toda experiencia que parte de la secuencia provocación-participación-improvisación. Tiene su origen en la década de 1950 y se considera una manifestación artística multidisciplinaria. Aunque se han relacionado con el pop-art y el movimiento hippie, los happenings se integran dentro del conjunto del llamado performance art.
En un principio, el happening artístico fue una tentativa de producir una obra de arte que naciese del acto a organizar y con la participación de los "espectadores" (que abandonasen así su posición de sujetos pasivos y se liberasen a través de la expresión emotiva y la representación colectiva). Aunque es común confundir el happening con la llamada acción artística el primero difiere de la segunda en la improvisación.
El happening, como manifestación artística múltiple que pretende la participación espontánea del público, suele ser efímero. Por este motivo los happenings suelen presentarse en lugares públicos, irrumpiendo en la cotidianeidad.
es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Happening
A happening is a performance, event, or situation meant to be considered art, usually as performance art. The term was first used by Allan Kaprow during the 1950s to describe a range of art-related event or multiple events.
Happenings occur anywhere and are often multi-disciplinary, with a nonlinear narrative and the active participation of the audience. Key elements of happenings are planned but artists sometimes retain room for improvisation. This new media art aspect to happenings eliminates the boundary between the artwork and its viewer.
In the late 1960s, perhaps due to the depiction in films of hippie culture, the term was used much less specifically to mean any gathering of interest from a pool hall meetup or a jamming of a few young people to a beer blast or fancy formal party.
in a deterministic nonlinear system, the sensitive dependence on initial conditions, can result in large differences to a later state after a very small change has taken place elsewhere in the system
or
When one programs a leisure travel to the least detail and suddenly, due to a minor non-significant happening, the whole leisure program diverges resulting in a totally different outcome
Luckily I met a lot of nice people
::
::
Berlin 2012
The Fish Head Nebula is also known as NGC 1795. Also made a [starless version](i.imgur.com/yOQwhaI.jpg) to better show off the fainter structures in the image. Captured over 4 nights from November 16-23rd, 2021 from a Bortle 6 zone.
---
**[Equipment:](i.imgur.com/6T8QNsv.jpg)**
* TPO 6" F/4 Imaging Newtonian
* Orion Sirius EQ-G
* ZWO ASI1600MM-Pro
* Skywatcher Quattro Coma Corrector
* ZWO EFW 8x1.25"/31mm
* Astronomik LRGB+CLS Filters- 31mm
* Astrodon 31mm Ha 5nm, Oiii 3nm, Sii 5nm
* Agena 50mm Deluxe Straight-Through Guide Scope
* ZWO ASI-290mc for guiding
* Moonlite Autofocuser
**Acquisition:** 17 hours 12 minutes (Camera at Unity Gain, -15°C)
* Ha- 62x360"
* Oiii- 55x360"
* Sii- 55x360"
* Darks- 30
* Flats- 30 per filter
**Capture Software:**
* Captured using [N.I.N.A.](nighttime-imaging.eu) and PHD2 for guiding and dithering.
**[PixInsight Processing:](www.youtube.com/watch?v=u7FuApFSGuA)**
* BatchPreProcessing
* SubframeSelector
* StarAlignment
* [Blink](youtu.be/sJeuWZNWImE?t=40)
* ImageIntegration
* DrizzleIntegration
**Linear:**
* DynamicCrop
* AutomaticBackgroundExtraction
* DynamicBackgroundExtraction
* EZ Decon (Ha only)
* STF applied via HistogramTransformaion to bring each channel nonlinear
**Combining Channels:**
* PixelMath to make classic SHO to RGB image
* SCNR to partially remove excess greens and magentas
* Pixelmath to make RGB image using [ForaxX's palette](thecoldestnights.com/2020/06/pixinsight-dynamic-narrowban...)
>R= (Oiii\^~Oiii)\*Sii + ~(Oiii\^~Oiii)*Ha
>G= ((Oiii\*Ha)\^~(Oiii\*Ha))\*Ha + ~((Oiii\*Ha)\^~(Oiii\*Ha))\*Oiii
>B= Oiii
* Pixelmath to blend classic SHO and ForaxX SHO images 50:50
**Nonlinear:**
* LRGBCombination with Ha as luminance
* Shitloads of CurveTransformations to adjust lightness, contrast, saturation, hues, etc.
* MLT noise reduction
* LocalHistogramEqualization
> two rounds of this, one at size 16 kernel for the finer 'feathery' details, and one at 100 for larger structures
* Invert>SCNR>Invert with star mask to remove magentas from stars
* DarkStructureEnhancement
* More curves
* Extract L channel > LRGBC again for chrominance noise reduction
* EZ Star reduction
* NoiseGenerator to add noise back into reduced stars
* Clone stamp to remove 2 ringed stars I forgot about during deconvolution
* Resample to 70%
* Crop to 3840x2160 resolution
* Annotation
Not everything is linear around us, not everything has starting and ending point, not everything that has started will come to an end.
ODC-Midpoint
M97 (aka the owl nebula) and M108 (aka the surfboard galaxy just happen to be relatively the same size when viewed from Earth, even though M108 is about 46 million light years outside of our galaxy (M97 is ~2600ly away). I ended up shooting these two almost 3 years ago from this same driveway, but I wanted to see how much of an improvement my monochrome camera would be over a DSLR. Captured on March 11, 21, and 22nd, 2021 from a Bortle 6 zone.
---
**[Equipment:](i.imgur.com/6T8QNsv.jpg)**
* TPO 6" F/4 Imaging Newtonian
* Orion Sirius EQ-G
* ZWO ASI1600MM-Pro
* Skywatcher Quattro Coma Corrector
* ZWO EFW 8x1.25"/31mm
* Astronomik LRGB+CLS Filters- 31mm
* Astrodon 31mm Ha 5nm, Oiii 3nm, Sii 5nm
* Agena 50mm Deluxe Straight-Through Guide Scope
* ZWO ASI-120MC for guiding
* Moonlite Autofocuser
**Acquisition:** 5 hours 56 minutes (Camera at Unity Gain, -15°C)
* Lum - 91x120"
* Red - 29x120"
* Green - 29x120"
* Blue - 29x120"
* Darks- 30
* Flats- 30 per filter
**Capture Software:**
* Captured using [N.I.N.A.](nighttime-imaging.eu) and PHD2 for guiding and dithering.
**PixInsight Processing:**
* BatchPreProcessing
* StarAlignment
* [Blink](youtu.be/sJeuWZNWImE?t=40)
* ImageIntegration
* DrizzleIntegration (2x, Var β=1.5)
**Linear:**
* StarAlign undrizzled R, G, and B stacks to Drizzled Lum
* DynamicCrop
* DynamicBackgroundExtraction
**Luminance:**
* EZ Denoise (Lum only)
* HistogramTransformation to stretch nonlinear
**RGB**
* Channel Combination
* DBE again
* PhotometricColorCalibration
* SCNR green
* HistogramTransformation to stretch nonlinear
**Nonlinear:**
* LRGBCombination with Lum as luminance
* CurveTransformations to adjust lightness, saturation, contrast, hues, etc.
* ACDNR
* EZ Star Reduction
* More Curves
* Invert > SCNR > Invert to remove magenta glow around a star
* Resample to 60%
* Annotation