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Beggar with horrific skin disease (or burn?), at the Kumbh Mela 2013 festival near Allahabad (India).
Maybe a flesh-eating bacteria or burn? If you can identify this medical condition, please post a Comment!
Some people say that here are syndicates who maim and injure such people and leave them out in public places to beg for money. On one stretch of road, there were several such 'beggars' interspersed at regular intervals. The injuries were always very similar and at the exact same location, on the left hand and lower left leg. It could be a clever make-up, but i'm not sure. If real, the injuries on the hands and legs look like very bad burns with surrounding necrotic tissue. These victims may not be beggars and the pain from such real injuries must be excruciating. If left untreated these sloughy wounds may well become septic and life threatening. [thanks to "sensibles" for this info]
Kumbh Mela is the largest festival on Earth, taking place once every 12 years, with more than 50 million Hindu pilgrims gathering to pray and bathe in the holy Ganges river.
For more photos and info about the Kumbh Mela festival, read the album description.
If you like this photo, follow me on instagram (tristan_sf) and don't hesitate to leave a comment or email me.
A Long Legged Sac Spider (Cheiracanthium sp.) I found on my bedroom ceiling. A lot less menacing than it looks, probably only 3/8 of an inch including legs.
Several reports classify these spiders as possibly harmful, but real study shows their bites are not poisonous or necrotic to humans.
Raynox DCR-150 and DCR-250 stacked and mounted on my Panasonic FZ8. I used a simple paper plate as a flash diffuser for the lighting. Worked out very well if you ask me.
This 21-year-old male was aware of this 10-cm testicular mass for several months before he sought attention. His serum beta-HCG and alpha-fetoprotein were elevated. CT scan showed enlarged retroperitoneal and mesenteric lymph nodes, suspicious for malignancy. The urologist performed an orchiectomy.
The cut surface of the tumor was soft and hemorrhagic. I intially put in 20 sections, but the tumor was almost entirely necrotic. There were a few microscopic foci of what appeared to be syncytiotrophoblast. I put in 30 more sections and am awaitng those slides.
Jefferson County, IN. October, 2012.
Brown recluse spiders have necrotic venom that is potentially dangerous to humans, but they are generally secretive and avoid humans if possible. They live in dark, secluded places both outdoors and indoors. The violin or fiddle-shaped marking on the cephalothorax coupled with 3 paired eyes are diagnostic of recluse spiders
For more information, check out my blog:
Chicago Domination Fest 4 Day 3 footage here www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLexCAduWMuoMa8rQvHD_iQjA37... #chicagodominationfest #chicagodominationfest4
Extensive necrosis with cavitation, usually occurring in the upper lung or apex, is a characteristic feature of "secondary" or "adult type" tuberculosis. This is probably related to pre-existing hypersensitivity to M. tuberculosis resulting from a prior primary infection. Cavities form when necrosis involves the wall of an airway and the semi-liquid necrotic material is discharged into the bronchial tree from where it is usually coughed up and may infect others. This infected material may seed other parts of the lung via the airways to produce a tuberculous bronchopneumonia. If swallowed, infection of the G.I. tract may result. Communication of the centers of the tuberculous lesions with the airway exposes the bacteria to a high concentration of oxygen and promotes their proliferation. The risk of spread of infection to non-infected persons from individuals with cavitary tuberculosis is very high.
White Poppy and Bee, Papaver somniferum, commonly known as the opium poppy[2] or breadseed poppy,[3] is a species of flowering plant in the family Papaveraceae. It is the species of plant from which both opium and poppy seeds are derived and is also a valuable ornamental plant grown in gardens. Its native range was east of the Mediterranean Sea, but now is obscured by ancient introductions and cultivation, being naturalized across much of Europe and Asia.
This poppy is grown as an agricultural crop on a large scale, for one of three primary purposes: to produce poppy seeds, to produce opium (for use mainly by the pharmaceutical industry),[4] and to produce other alkaloids (mainly thebaine and oripavine) that are processed by pharmaceutical companies into drugs such as hydrocodone and oxycodone.[4] Each of these goals has special breeds that are targeted at one of these businesses, and breeding efforts (including biotechnological ones) are continually underway.[4][5][6] A comparatively small amount of P. somniferum is also produced commercially for ornamental purposes.
Today many varieties have been bred that do not produce a significant quantity of opium.[3][5] The cultivar 'Sujata' produces no latex at all.[6] Breadseed poppy is more accurate as a common name today because all varieties of P. somniferum produce edible seeds. This differentiation has strong implications for legal policy surrounding the growing of this plant.[5]
Description
Papaver somniferum is an annual herb growing to about 100 centimetres (40 inches) tall. The plant is strongly glaucous, giving a greyish-green appearance, and the stem and leaves bear a sparse distribution of coarse hairs. The large leaves are lobed, the upper stem leaves clasping the stem,[7] the lowest leaves with a short petiole.[8]: 40 The flowers are up to 3–10 cm (1–4 in) diameter, normally with four white, mauve or red petals, sometimes with dark markings at the base. The fruit is a hairless, rounded capsule topped with 12–18 radiating stigmatic rays, or fluted cap.[9] All parts of the plant exude white latex when wounded.[7]: 93 [10]: 32
Plant showing the typical glaucous appearance
Plant showing the typical glaucous appearance
Flower
Flower
Close-up of flower center
Close-up of flower center
Capsule showing latex (opium) exuding from incision
Capsule showing latex (opium) exuding from incision
Close-up of white poppy seeds
Close-up of white poppy seeds
Metabolism
The alkaloids are organic nitrogenous compounds, derivatives of secondary metabolism, synthesized through the metabolic pathway of benzylisoquinoline.[11] First, the amino acid phenylalanine, through the enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase, is transformed into tyrosine. Tyrosine can follow two different routes: by tyrosine hydroxylase it can form L-dopamine (L-DOPA), or it can be reduced to form 4-phenylhydroxyacetaldehyde (4-HPAA). Subsequently, L-DOPA reacts with 4-HPAA and, through a series of reactions, forms (S) -norcoclaurine, which carries the benzylisoquinoline skeleton that gives its name to this pathway. The conversion of (S) -norcoclaurin to (S) -reticuline is one of the key points, since from (S) -reticuline morphine can be formed through the morphinan route, noscapine through the path of the noscapina or berberina.[11]
Genome
The poppy genome contains 51,213 genes encoding proteins distributed 81.6% in 11 individual chromosomes and 18.4% remaining in unplaced scaffolds.[11] In addition, 70.9% of the genome is made up of repetitive elements, of which the most represented are the long terminal repeat retrotransposons. This enrichment of genes is related to the maintenance of homeostasis and a positive regulation of transcription.[11]
The analysis of synergy of the opium poppy reveals traces of segmental duplications 110 million years ago (MYA), before the divergence between Papaveraceae and Ranunculaceae, and an event of duplication of the complete genome makes 7.8 MYA.
The genes are possibly grouped as follows:[11]
The genes responsible for the conversion of (S) -reticuline to noscapine are found on chromosome 11.
The genes responsible for the conversion of (S) -reticuline to thebaine are found on chromosome 11.
The genes responsible for the conversion of thebaine are found in chromosome 1, chromosome 2, chromosome 7, and perhaps others.
Taxonomy
Papaver somniferum was formally described by the Swedish botanist Carl Linnaeus in his seminal publication Species Plantarum in 1753 on page 508.[12][13]
Varieties and cultivars
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P. somniferum has had a very long tradition of use, starting in the Neolithic. This long period of time allowed the development of a broad range of different forms. In total there are 52 botanical varieties.[14] Breeding of P. somniferum faces a challenge caused by the contradictory breeding goals for this species.[14] On one hand a very high content of alkaloids is requested for medical uses. The global demand for the alkaloids and the pharmaceutical derivatives has increased in the past years. Therefore, there is a need for the development of varieties with a high opium yield.[15] On the other hand, the food industry demands as low alkaloid contents as possible.[14]
There is one accepted subspecies, P. somniferum subsp. setigerum (DC.) Arcang.[12] There are also many varieties and cultivars. Colors of the flowers vary widely, as do other physical characteristics, such as number and shape of petals [citation needed], number of flowers and fruits, number of seeds, color of seeds, and production of opium. Papaver somniferum var. paeoniflorum is a variety with flowers that are highly double, and are grown in many colors. P. somniferum var. laciniatum is a variety with flowers that are highly double and deeply lobed. The variety Sujata produces no latex and no commercial utility for opioid production.
Distribution and habitat
The native range of opium poppy is probably the Eastern Mediterranean, but extensive cultivation and introduction of the species throughout Europe since ancient times have obscured its origin. It has escaped from cultivation, or has been introduced and become naturalized extensively in all regions of the British Isles, particularly in the south and east[16] and in almost all other countries of the world with suitable, temperate climates.[17]
Ecology
Diseases
P. somniferum is susceptible to several fungal, insect and virus infections including seed borne diseases such as downy mildew and root rot. The use of pesticides in combination to cultural methods have been considered as major control measures for various poppy diseases.[18]
The fungal pathogen Peronospora arborescens, the causal agent of downy mildew, occurs preferentially during wet and humid conditions.[19] This oomycete penetrates the roots through oospores and infects the leaves as conidia in a secondary infection.[20] The fungus causes hypertrophy and curvature of the stem and flower stalks.[21] The symptoms are chlorosis and curling of the affected tissues with necrotic spots.[22] The leaf under-surface is covered with a downy mildew coating containing conidiospores that spread the infection further leading to plant damage and death.[23] Another downy mildew species, Peronospora somniferi, produces systemic infections leading to stunting and deformation of poppy plants.[24] Downy mildew can be controlled preventively at the initial stage of seed development through several fungicide applications.[19]
Leaf blight caused by the fungus Helminthosporium papaveris is one of the most destructive poppy diseases worldwide. The seed-borne fungus causes root rot in young plants and stunted stems in plants at a higher development stage, where leaf spots appear on the leaves and is being transmitted to capsules and seeds.[23] Early sowing of seeds and deep plowing of poppy residues can reduce fungal inoculum during the plant growing season in the following year on neighboring poppy stocks, respectively.[19]
Mosaic diseases in p. somniferum are caused by rattle virus and the Carlavirus.[18] In 2006, a novel virus tentatively called "opium poppy mosaic virus" (OPMV) from the genus Umbravirus was isolated from p. somniferum containing leaf mosaic and mottling symptoms, in New Zealand.[25]
Pests
There are only a few pests that can do harm to P. somniferum.[19]
Flea beetles perforate the leaves of young plants and aphids suck on the sap of the flower buds.[19] The poppy root weevil (Stenocarus ruficornis) is another significant pest. The insect lives in the soil and migrates in spring to the poppy fields after crop emergence. Adults damage the leaves of small plants by eating them. Female lay their eggs into the tissue of lower leaves. Insect larvae hatch and burrow into the soil to complete their life cycle on the poppy roots as adults.[26]
Cultivation
In the growth development of P. somniferum, six stages can be distinguished. The growth development starts with the growth of the seedlings. In a second step the rosette-type leaves and stalks are formed. After that budding (hook stage) takes place as a third step. The hook stage is followed by flowering. Subsequently, technical maturity is reached, which means that the plant is ready for cutting. The last step is biological maturity; dry seeds are ripened. The photoperiod seems to be the main determinant of flower development of P. somniferum.[27]
P. somniferum shows a very slow development in the beginning of its vegetation period. Due to this fact the competition of weeds is very high in early stages. It is very important to control weeds effectively in the first 50 days after sowing.[28] Additionally, Papaver somniferum is rather susceptible to herbicides. The pre-emergence application of the herbicide chlortoluron has been shown to be effective in reducing weed levels.[28] However, in the last decade the weed management of Papaver somniferum has shifted from pre-emergence treatments to post-emergence treatments.[29] Especially, the application of the two herbicides mesotrione and tembotrione has become very popular. The combined application of those two herbicides has been shown to be recommendable for effective weed management in Papaver somniferum.[29] Sowing time (autumn or spring), preceding crop and soil texture are important variables influencing the weed species composition. A highly abundant weed species in Papaver somniferum fields was shown to be Papaver rhoeas.[29][30] Papaver somniferum and Papaver rhoeas belong to the same plant family, which impedes the chemical control of this weed species.[30] Therefore, weed management represents a big challenge and requires technological knowledge from the farmer.[30] In order to increase the efficiency of weed control not only chemical weed control should be applied but also mechanical weed control.[30]
For P. somniferum, a growth density of 70 to 80 plants per square meter is recommended.[31] Latex-to-biomass yield is greatest under conditions of slight water deficit.[32]
Ornamental
Live plants and seeds of the opium poppy are widely sold by seed companies and nurseries in most of the western world, including the United States. Poppies are sought after by gardeners for the vivid coloration of the blooms, the hardiness and reliability of the poppy plants, the exotic chocolate-vegetal fragrance note of some cultivars,[which?] and the ease of growing the plants from purchased flats of seedlings or by direct sowing of the seed. Poppy seed pods are also sold for dried flower arrangements.
Though "opium poppy and poppy straw" are listed in Schedule II of the United States' Controlled Substances Act, P. somniferum can be grown legally in the United States as a seed crop or ornamental flower.[33] During the summer, opium poppies can be seen flowering in gardens throughout North America and Europe, and displays are found in many private plantings, as well as in public botanical and museum gardens such as United States Botanical Garden, Missouri Botanical Garden, and North Carolina Botanical Garden.
Many countries grow the plants, and some rely heavily on the commercial production of the drug as a major source of income. As an additional source of profit, the seeds of the same plants are sold for use in foods, so the cultivation of the plant is a significant source of income. This international trade in seeds of P. somniferum was addressed by a UN resolution "to fight the international trade in illicit opium poppy seeds" on 28 July 1998.
Red opium poppy flower
Red opium poppy flower
Czech blue poppy flower
Czech blue poppy flower
Czech blue poppy seeds
Czech blue poppy seeds
Production
Poppy seed production – 2018
Country(tonnes)
Turkey26,991
Czech Republic13,666
Spain12,360
World76,240
Source: FAOSTAT of the United Nations[34]
Food
In 2018, world production of poppy seeds for consumption was 76,240 tonnes, led by Turkey with 35% of the world total (table). Poppy seed production and trade are susceptible to fluctuations mainly due to unstable yields. The performance of most genotypes of Papaver somniferum is very susceptible to environmental changes.[35] This behaviour led to a stagnation of the poppy seed market value between 2008–2009 as a consequence of high stock levels, bad weather and poor quality.[36] The world leading importer of poppy seed is India (16 000 tonnes), followed by Russia, Poland and Germany.[37]
Poppy seed oil remains a niche product due to the lower yield compared to conventional oil crops.[38]
Medicine
Australia (Tasmania), Turkey and India are the major producers of poppy for medicinal purposes and poppy-based drugs, such as morphine or codeine.[39][15] The New York Times reported, in 2014, that Tasmania was the largest producer of the poppy cultivars used for thebaine (85% of the world's supply) and oripavine (100% of the world's supply) production. Tasmania also had 25% of the world's opium and codeine production.[4]
Restrictions
Opium poppy fields near Metheringham, Lincolnshire, England
In most of Central Europe, poppy seed is commonly used for traditional pastries and cakes, and it is legal to grow poppies throughout the region, although Germany requires a licence.[40]
Since January 1999 in the Czech Republic, according to the 167/1998 Sb. Addictive Substances Act, poppies growing in fields larger than 100 square metres (120 sq yd) is obliged for reporting to the local Custom Office.[41][42] Extraction of opium from the plants is prohibited by law (§ 15 letter d/ of the act). It is also prohibited to grow varieties with more than 0.8% of morphine in dry matter of their capsules, excluding research and experimental purposes (§24/1b/ of the act). The name Czech blue poppy refers to blue poppy seeds used for food.[citation needed]
The United Kingdom does not require a licence for opium poppy cultivation, but does for extracting opium for medicinal products.[43]
In the United States, opium poppies and poppy straw are prohibited.[44] As the opium poppy is legal for culinary or esthetic reasons, poppies were once grown as a cash crop by farmers in California. The law of poppy cultivation in the United States is somewhat ambiguous.[45] The reason for the ambiguity is that the Opium Poppy Control Act of 1942 (now repealed)[46][47] stated that any opium poppies should be declared illegal, even if the farmers were issued a state permit. § 3 of the Opium Poppy Control Act stated:
It shall be unlawful for any person who is not the holder of a license authorizing him to produce the opium poppy, duly issued to him by the Secretary of the Treasury in accordance with the provisions of this Act, to produce the opium poppy, or to permit the production of the opium poppy in or upon any place owned, occupied, used, or controlled by him.
This led to the Poppy Rebellion, and to the Narcotics Bureau arresting anyone planting opium poppies and forcing the destruction of poppy fields of anyone who defied the prohibition of poppy cultivation.[48][49] Though the press of those days favored the Federal Bureau of Narcotics, the state of California supported the farmers who grew opium poppies for their seeds for uses in foods such as poppy seed muffins. Today, this area of law has remained vague and remains somewhat controversial in the United States.[50] The Opium Poppy Control Act of 1942 was repealed on 27 October 1970.[51][52]
Under the Federal Controlled Substances Act, opium poppy and poppy straw are listed as Schedule II drugs under ACSN 9630. Most (all?) states also use this classification under the uniform penal code. Possession of a Schedule II drug is a federal and state felony.
Canada forbids possessing, seeking or obtaining the opium poppy (Papaver somniferum), its preparations, derivatives, alkaloids and salts, although an exception is made for poppy seed.[53]
In some parts of Australia, P. somniferum is illegal to cultivate, but in Tasmania, some 50% of the world supply is cultivated.[54]
In New Zealand, it is legal to cultivate the opium poppy as long as it is not used to produce controlled drugs.[55]
In United Arab Emirates the cultivation of the opium poppy is illegal, as is possession of poppy seed. At least one man has been imprisoned for possessing poppy seed obtained from a bread roll.[56]
Burma bans cultivation in certain provinces. In northern Burma bans have ended a century-old tradition of growing the opium poppy. Between 20,000 and 30,000 former poppy farmers left the Kokang region as a result of the ban in 2002.[57] People from the Wa region, where the ban was implemented in 2005, fled to areas where growing opium is still possible.
In South Korea, the cultivation of the opium poppy is strictly prohibited.[58]
Uses
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History
See also: Opium
Use of the opium poppy predates written history. The making and use of opium was known to the ancient Minoans.[59] Its sap was later named opion by the ancient Greeks. The English name is based on the Latin adaptation of the Greek form. Evidence of the early domestication of opium poppy has been discovered through small botanical remains found in regions of the Mediterranean and west of the Rhine River, predating circa 5000 BC.[60] These samples found in various Neolithic sites show the incredibly early cultivation and natural spread of the plant throughout western Europe.
Opium was used for treating asthma, stomach illnesses, and bad eyesight.
Opium became a major colonial commodity, moving legally and illegally through trade networks on the Indian subcontinent, Colonial America, Qing China and others.[61] Members of the East India Company saw the opium trade as an investment opportunity beginning in 1683.[62] In 1773, the Governor of Bengal established a monopoly on the production of Bengal opium, on behalf of the East India Company administration. The cultivation and manufacture of Indian opium was further centralized and controlled through a series of acts issued between 1797 and 1949.[62][63] East India Company merchants balanced an economic deficit from the importation of Chinese tea by selling Indian opium which was smuggled into China in defiance of Qing government bans. This trade led to the First and Second Opium Wars.[64][63][61][65]
Many modern writers, particularly in the 19th century, have written on the opium poppy and its effects, notably Thomas de Quincey in Confessions of an English Opium Eater.
The French Romantic composer Hector Berlioz used opium for inspiration, subsequently producing his Symphonie Fantastique. In this work, a young artist overdoses on opium and experiences a series of visions of his unrequited love.
In the US, the Drug Enforcement Administration raided Thomas Jefferson's Monticello estate in 1987. It removed the poppy plants that had been planted continually there since Jefferson was alive and using opium from them. Employees of the foundation also destroyed gift shop items like shirts depicting the poppy and packets of the heirloom seed.[66]
Poppy seeds and oil
Main article: Poppy seed
Dried blue, grey and white poppy seeds used for pastries in Germany
Polish makowiec, a nut roll filled with poppy seed paste
Poppy seeds from Papaver somniferum are an important food item and the source of poppy seed oil, an edible oil that has many uses. The seeds contain very low levels of opiates and the oil extracted from them contains even less.[67] Both the oil and the seed residue also have commercial uses.
The poppy press cake as a residue of the oil pressing can be used as fodder for different animals as e.g., poultry and fancy fowls. Especially in the time of the molt of the birds, the cake is nutritive and fits to their special needs. Next to the animal fodder, poppy offers other by-products. For example, the stem of the plant can be used for energy briquettes and pellets to heat.[19]
Poppy seeds are used as a food in many cultures. They may be used whole by bakers to decorate their products or milled and mixed with sugar as a sweet filling. They have a creamy and nut-like flavor, and when used with ground coconut, the seeds provide a unique and flavour-rich curry base. They can be dry roasted and ground to be used in wet curry (curry paste) or dry curry.[68]
When the European Union attempted to ban the cultivation of Papaver somniferum by private individuals on a small scale (such as personal gardens), citizens in EU countries where poppy seed is eaten heavily, such as countries in the Central-Eastern region, strongly resisted the plan, causing the EU to change course. Singapore, UAE, and Saudi Arabia are among nations that ban even having poppy seeds, not just growing the plants for them.[69] The UAE has a long prison sentence for anyone possessing poppy seeds.[70]
Opiates
Main article: Opium
Dried poppy seed pods and stems (plate), and seeds (bowl)
The opium poppy, as its name indicates, is the principal source of opium, the dried latex produced by the seed pods. Opium contains a class of naturally occurring alkaloids known as opiates, that include morphine, codeine, thebaine, oripavine, papaverine and noscapine.[71][72] The specific epithet somniferum means "sleep-bringing", referring to the sedative properties of some of these opiates.[73]
The opiate drugs are extracted from opium. The latex oozes from incisions made on the green seed pods and is collected once dry. Tincture of opium or laudanum, consisting of opium dissolved in alcohol or a mixture of alcohol and water, is one of many unapproved drugs regulated by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Its marketing and distribution persists because its historical use preceded the Federal Food, Drug & Cosmetic Act of 1938.[74] Tincture of opium B.P., containing 1% w/v of anhydrous morphine, also remains in the British Pharmacopoeia,[75] listed as a Class A substance under the Misuse of Drugs Act 1971.
Morphine is the predominant alkaloid found in the cultivated varieties of opium poppy that are used for opium production.[76] Other varieties produce minimal opium or none at all, such as the latex-free Sujata type. Non-opium cultivars that are planted for drug production feature a high level of thebaine or oripavine. Those are refined into drugs like oxycodone. Raw opium contains about 8–14% morphine by dry weight, or more in high-yield cultivars.[77] It may be used directly or chemically modified to produce semi-synthetic opioids such as heroin. Wikipedia
Extensive necrosis with cavitation, usually occurring in the upper lung or apex, is a characteristic feature of "secondary" or "adult type" tuberculosis. This is probably related to pre-existing hypersensitivity to M. tuberculosis resulting from a prior primary infection. Cavities form when necrosis involves the wall of an airway and the semi-liquid necrotic material is discharged into the bronchial tree from where it is usually coughed up and may infect others. This infected material may seed other parts of the lung via the airways to produce a tuberculous bronchopneumonia. If swallowed, infection of the G.I. tract may result. Communication of the centers of the tuberculous lesions with the airway exposes the bacteria to a high concentration of oxygen and promotes their proliferation. The risk of spread of infection to non-infected persons from individuals with cavitary tuberculosis is very high.
The small, punctate areas of consolidation below the cavity represent tuberculous bronchopneumonia due to aerogenous spread of of infection from the cavity.
Chicago Domination Fest 4 Day 3 footage here www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLexCAduWMuoMa8rQvHD_iQjA37... #chicagodominationfest #chicagodominationfest4
I'm half trying to flex in this picture, but I can't really and even if I could, 2 weeks of no pressups has left my arms fairly skinny.
The nurses told me to put moisturiser around my skin ruffles, so that's what's on my left nipple, since I momentarily spaced that I was going to take a photo. Also, it was itchy.
My right nipple has ceased oozing entirely and is healing nicely. The left one is oozing only over the necrotic bit and is doing ok. The bandages are starting to irritate my skin a bit, but not badly.
I've started cutting back on pain pills, partly because it hurts less and partly because my energy levels are coming back, and I don't want to accidentally hurt myself by forgetting that I'm not supposed to pick up heavy stuff.
Gross photo showing disrupted articular cartilage with underneath irregular necrotic and collapsed yellow dead bone. Jian-Hua Qiao, MD, FCAP, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Initial (primary) infection with Mycobacterium. tuberculosis in an immunocompetent individual usually occurs in an upper region of the lung producing a sub-pleural lesion called a Ghon focus. Granulomatous involvement of peribronchial and/or hilar lymph nodes is frequent in primary tuberculosis due to lymphangitic spread from the Ghon focus. The early Ghon focus together with the lymph node lesion constitute the Ghon complex. These lesions undergo healing and over time usually evolve to fibrocalcific nodules. The combination of late fibrocalcific lesions of the lung and lymph node which evolved from the Ghon complex is referred to as the Ranke complex.
This image provides a good example of "caseous necrosis" The "cheesy" appearance of the necrosis is due to incomplete proteolytic digestion of the necrotic tissue and is apparent only on gross or macroscopic examination. The terms "caseous", "caseating" and "caseation" are often used erroneously to describe the microscopic appearance of necrotizing granulomas.
Extensive necrosis with cavitation, usually occurring in the upper lung or apex, is a characteristic feature of "secondary" or "adult type" tuberculosis. This is probably related to pre-existing hypersensitivity to M. tuberculosis resulting from a prior primary infection. Cavities form when necrosis involves the wall of an airway and the semi-liquid necrotic material is discharged into the bronchial tree from where it is usually coughed up and may infect others. This infected material may seed other parts of the lung via the airways to produce a tuberculous bronchopneumonia. If swallowed, infection of the G.I. tract may result. Communication of the centers of the tuberculous lesions with the airway exposes the bacteria to a high concentration of oxygen and promotes their proliferation. The risk of spread of infection to non-infected persons from individuals with cavitary tuberculosis is very high.
The numerous focal areas of consolidation below the cavity represent tuberculous bronchopneumonia due to aerogenous spread of of infection from the cavity.
Dirofilariasis is caused by the dog heartworm Dirofilaria immitis. The larvae are transmitted by a mosquito bite. In humans the larvae, in almost all instances, do not develop and die. In rare cases the larvae transform into incompletely developed adult worms which die in the right ventricle and then embolize to the the lungs where infarction may occur. In dogs and other definitive hosts the mature adult worms inhabit the right ventricle.
In this image cross sections of dead worms are present within a necrotic blood vessel.
Wheat spike showing failure of grain formation due to copper deficiency. The head takes on the appearance of a "rat tail", with full grains at the base of the head, shriveled grains in the middle, and a withered necrotic tip. This can sometimes be confused with sterility due to frost damage.
For more information, see CIMMYT's Wheat Doctor: wheatdoctor.cimmyt.org/index.php?option=com_content&t....
Photo credit: CIMMYT.
Extensive necrosis with cavitation, usually occurring in the upper lung or apex, is a characteristic feature of "secondary" or "adult type" tuberculosis. This is probably related to pre-existing hypersensitivity to M. tuberculosis resulting from a prior primary infection. Cavities form when necrosis involves the wall of an airway and the semi-liquid necrotic material is discharged into the bronchial tree from where it is usually coughed up and may infect others. This infected material may seed other parts of the lung via the airways to produce a tuberculous bronchopneumonia. If swallowed, infection of the G.I. tract may result. Communication of the centers of the tuberculous lesions with the airway exposes the bacteria to a high concentration of oxygen and promotes their proliferation. The risk of spread of infection to non-infected persons from individuals with cavitary tuberculosis is very high.
The numerous focal areas of consolidation in the lower lobe represent tuberculous bronchopneumonia due to aerogenous spread of of infection from the upper lobe cavity.
Necrotic Society playing on stage at the Mike SOS Presents Live Music in Tompkins Square Park punk rock show.
Chicago Domination Fest 4 Day 3 footage here www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLexCAduWMuoMa8rQvHD_iQjA37... #chicagodominationfest #chicagodominationfest4
Spider bite followed by massive strep infection. Likely received arachnid bite while visiting a timber rattlesnake cave (den) a couple weeks prior in NY. I was in the hospital for the better part of a week, pumped full of iv antibiotics and as the image above shows, I needed surgery to remove infected/necrotic tissue (the white strands are my tendons). At the time of this writing I am home, but hooked up to a portable VAC machine to help granulate open wound. Long recovery awaits, but I shouldn't experience any long term debilitating effects. --Unfortunately this is a cell phone pic, so image quality is lacking. I didn't think of bringing my DSLR when I was admitted to the hospital!
As a matter of fact I've got it now.
A big zombie thirst needs a big zombie beer! And the a big Zombie beer is BRAINS!
Primer: Black with White Zenithal
Clown Yellow Clothing
Citadel: Contrast Iyanden Yellow
Citadel: Averland Sunset (Highlights)
Vallejo: Bone White (Blended Highlights)
Clown Red Clothing
Citadel: Contrast Flesh Tearers Red
Vallejo: Flat Red (Highlights)
Vallejo: Vermillion (Highlights)
Clown Pink Clothing
Citadel: Contrast Volupus Pink
Vallejo: Vallejo: Warlord Purple & Squid Pink (Highllights)
Vallejo: Squid Pink (Pure Edge Highlights)
Hair:
Vallejo: Black Grey
Vallejo White (Incremental Blended Highlights)
Clown Flesh
Citadel: Athonian Camoshade (Watered Down Wash)
Citadel: Druchi Violet (Watered Down Wash Cheeks, Hands & Feet)
Army Painted: Necrotic Flesh (Hlights)
Vallejo: Bone White (Blended Highlights)
Clown Nails
Citadel: Reaper Grey
Vallejo: Sky Blue (Blended Highlights to Pure Highlights)
Blood:
Vallejo Flat Red
Citadel: Blood for the Blood God (Creates Interesting Tones)
I'm getting a lot of dry, flaky skin and I think it might be from nothing really rubbing against my chest at all, like that skin is supposed to die and sort of rub off invisibly but can't due to the binder.
The iodine-laced dressing that i'm putting on the left seems to be removing the necrotic bit at the bottom. I can't tell yet if it's helping the rest of my nipple yet. The irritated spot at the tip is looking kind of alarmingly dark. It's about the size of a lentil, so even if that spot dies, it's not a huge deal and since it's surrounded by healthiness, I'm guessing it's not in danger. It is highly itchy, though, which, while a good sign, is really annoying.
The quasi–demonic insectoid Nirtrids are the most varied beings in the Nava–Verse, existing in more than two dozen distinct subspecies (twenty six standard varieties plus "King" and "Queen" types; this is not even counting their truly demonic probable progenitors). This meta–entry will showcase and describe each and every one of these Nirtrid types.
Mirtrode: The "Nirtrid King". See its own entry elsewhere for further details.
Jartrude: The "Nirtrid Queen". See above.
Type A: Considered to be the "Alpha" Nirtrid, the Type A is the most powerful "normal" Nirtrid, and is believed to be among the oldest breeds of the creature. A disproportionately large amount of the "pure" Nirtrids spawned directly from Mirtrodes and Jartrudes are Type A. The Type A Nirtrid is of standard size and general shape, but has a more upright posture and a "cleaner", more "majestic" appearance than most of its fellow Nirtrids.
Type B: The only type of Nirtrid that does not stand upright whatsoever, instead crawling on all six of its legs like animals such as the Jajemoar, the Petpatsey and even the angelic Glanmi. The Type B Nirtrid's overall body shape is also rather different compared to other types of Nirtrid.
Type C: One of the shorter Nirtrids, the Type C has a broad, "fat" body and a slightly hunched posture. It has more legs than most other types of Nirtrid, though these legs are very short, as well as a small tail. Its face is unique, consisting of two vertically–stacked eyes, between which lies the creature's mouth.
Type D: One of the simplest, most archetypical Nirtrid types, and also one of the ugliest and most clearly demonic–looking, with wonky, misshapen eyes and grease/oil secreting from its face. The Type D Nirtrid, furthermore, is also one of the most common Nirtrid varieties. Its arms are very short, but it has above–average jumping capabilities.
Type E: A fairly burly, brutish type of Nirtrid. It has a large, strong body and big, good, strong arms. Its legs, however, are rather flimsy, save the middle one which is somewhat sturdier than the rest. Despite being technically stronger than the Type A Nirtrid in terms of brute strength, the Type E lacks the Type A's agility and maneuverability.
Type F: A smaller–than average Nirtrid with a particularly clammy complexion and flesh texture. Its arms and upper tentacles in particular are downright necrotic. The Type F Nirtrid also has sharp horns growing out of its head, as opposed to the bud–like ears possessed by most other Nirtrids.
Type G: A very brutish variety of Nirtrid, the Type G is distinguishable by the girth and height of its oversized head, including its slimy green skin, large snout and maw filled with huge, dull, stone–like teeth. Its hands are sturdier and more fist–like than those of any other Nirtrid, but it is relatively immobile compared to its brethren.
Type H: Similar in some respects to the Type G Nirtrid, but less dumb and slow and more competent overall. It has small and weak hands but strong and well–structured arms, as well as an exceptionally potent bite. Its torso is sturdier than most, while its legs constitute the weakest portion of its body.
Type I: The Type I Nirtrid is considered to have one of the most unsettling faces of any Nirtrid, its visage being particularly clown–like. It has a single, pointed horn atop its head alongside a pair of visible, obvious ears, and possesses particularly long arms and a decent number of highly flexible legs, making it very mobile and "bouncy".
Type J: A fairly basic type of Nirtrid distinguishable by its above–average height (for a Nirtrid) and its tiny but vicious face which is surrounded by a thick, wide outer cranium. The Type J Nirtrid also notably has arms that naturally curl back to resemble "hooks".
Type K: The most durable type of Nirtrid, having a downright armored body, but also one of the weakest in terms of strength and the least aggressive. The Type K Nirtrid is a sneaky coward, and not the smart, dangerous kind, either. It will flee at the slightest indication of being overwhelmed, and will only wholeheartedly attack when aided by a large number of its brethren.
Type L: One of the more powerful and unique species of Nirtrid, the Type L has a gangly body whose head is far wider than its lower portion and four arms of decent length, all with clawed hands. These claws make it a major threat and capable of inflicting damage more rapidly than its brethren. The Type L has also been observed to be among the smartest breeds of Nirtrid.
Type M: Another rather small Nirtrid, the Type M's lightweight lower body allows it to jump, leap and lunge with great force and speed, while its brawny, heavy and resilient cranium can act as a blunt instrument of headbutting. It also has five eyes, giving it acute vision and precision of movement.
Type N: One of the largest Nirtrids. The Type N has a massive skull, which is mostly empty and is superfluously large given its contents, a smaller–than–average face and brain. Despite not being particularly strong or smart, the size, appearance and posture of Type N Nirtrids can make them very outwardly threatening. They also have four–fingered hands that are relatively complex by Nirtrid standards.
Type O: Recognizable by its predominantly brown and blue color scheme, the Type O Nirtrid's eyes are noticeably complex in their outward structure, yet appear based on studies to function just like the eyes of most creatures, without significant special properties. This variety of Nirtrid has plain, featureless arms, but possesses a single fingered hand located, rather suggestively, between its two pairs of legs.
Type P: Like the Type I, the Type P Nirtrid bears a passing resemblance to a clown–type character, but is considered far less creepy due to its appearance being far more "goofy" as opposed to frightening and unsettling like that of the Type I. The Type P has mostly standard Nirtrid attributes; its arms are very long, but also frail.
Type Q: The smallest of all Nirtrids. When Type Q Nirtrids are born, however, they tend to come in large litters, with two, three or even four of them usually coming into being from whence only one of any other type of Nirtrid would normally spawn. They have the unique trait of being more serpent–like than other Nirtrids due to having singular tails rather than several legs.
Type R: A particularly monstrous and aggressive Nirtrid with an appearance to match, bearing an evil visage rather evocative of Satan, the Tourtites and other such demons. The Type R Nirtrid has a large number of limbs, but none of them have any distinct hands or appendages of their own. If it possessed claws or other similar structures, the Type R would be considerably more of a threat than it is as it stands.
Type S: The tallest and leanest type of Nirtrid, and the one with the most arms, with eight tentacles protruding from the sides of its torso. These limbs are all very basic, however, lacking any notable end structures such as fingers or claws, the lack of which makes the Type S less effectively dangerous, as is the case with the Type R.
Type T: A Nirtrid species whose most notable characteristic is that it is always smiling, even when attacking and being attacked… and even while in pain and/or dying. The Type T's mouth and its muscles are indeed physically capable of shifting into a frown, making it apparent that the Nirtrid always smiles of its own will. Other than this disturbingly strange characteristic, its attributes are average.
Type U: A stout and muscular breed of Nirtrid whose physical makeup is closer to that of a standard, natural insectoid compared to that of its brethren. It has long, pointed ears that are unique among those of Nirtrids, as well as a large chin that constitutes a distinct spot of roughness on its body. The Type U's limbs, particularly its arms, are also fairly strong, well–developed and altogether respectable (by the low standards of Nirtrids).
Type V: Second in height and slenderness to the Type S, the Type V also possesses multiple pairs of arms, in this case two. While the upper arms are featureless, the lower arms have fibrous plating and multiple claws, making the Type V Nirtrid at least as effectively powerful as the Type S despite having fewer limbs.
Type W: A very small Nirtrid (only the Type Q is more diminutive), yet also one of the most dangerous. The Type W can be told apart from other Nirtrids by an unevenly–shaped head, large yellowish eyes and the presence of visible, humanoid–like ears on the sides of its head (whereas all other Nirtrids have more abstract ears or equivalent structures on the tops of their heads). It has pincer–like claws at the ends of its long, supple arms and a multitude of scurrying legs including several pointed "claw legs" also exhibited by the Type F and Type U Nirtrids.
Type X: Noticeably one of the rarer varieties of Nirtrid. The Type X is of average size, strength and intelligence for a Nirtrid, but possesses a rather unusual overall appearance that many have noted to find particularly alien. It is the only Nirtrid species that has but a single eye, and it also has a very strange nose with a total of seven nostrils as well as a uniquely jagged, scaly chest.
Type Y: Similar to the Type C Nirtrid, but somewhat larger. Like the Type C, the Type Y has two eyes that are aligned vertically rather than horizontally, as well as a similarly horizontal stripe pattern around its outer head. While still aggressive towards nearly all humanoids, its behavior while at peace and among its own kind has been observed to be far more docile and less erratic than that of other Nirtrids.
Type Z: The rarest / least common of all lettered Nirtrid types, the probability of any given Nirtrid being a Type Z being less than 1%. The Type Z Nirtrid possesses what would appear to be two heads, but are actually parts of the same partially–hidden, abstractly shaped structure that is the Nirtrid's true "head". It has eight limbs, all of them plain, but is known to be capable of scurrying across surfaces at great speeds and leaping far distances with relative ease.
Extensive necrosis with cavitation, usually occurring in the upper lung or apex, is a characteristic feature of "secondary" or "adult type" tuberculosis. This is probably related to pre-existing hypersensitivity to M. tuberculosis resulting from a prior primary infection. Cavities form when necrosis involves the wall of an airway and the semi-liquid necrotic material is discharged into the bronchial tree from where it is usually coughed up and may infect others. This infected material may seed other parts of the lung via the airways to produce a tuberculous bronchopneumonia. If swallowed, infection of the G.I. tract may result. Communication of the centers of the tuberculous lesions with the airway exposes the bacteria to a high concentration of oxygen and promotes their proliferation. The risk of spread of infection to non-infected persons from individuals with cavitary tuberculosis is very high.
Extensive necrosis with cavitation, usually occurring in the upper lung or apex, is a characteristic feature of "secondary" or "adult type" tuberculosis. This is probably related to pre-existing hypersensitivity to M. tuberculosis resulting from a prior primary infection. Cavities form when necrosis involves the wall of an airway and the semi-liquid necrotic material is discharged into the bronchial tree from where it is usually coughed up and may infect others. This infected material may seed other parts of the lung via the airways to produce a tuberculous bronchopneumonia. If swallowed, infection of the G.I. tract may result. Communication of the centers of the tuberculous lesions with the airway exposes the bacteria to a high concentration of oxygen and promotes their proliferation. The risk of spread of infection to non-infected persons from individuals with cavitary tuberculosis is very high. Blood vessels within the cavity may be the source of hemorrhage, as seen in this image, and may in some cases be life-threatening or fatal.
Extensive necrosis with cavitation, usually occurring in the upper lung or apex, is a characteristic feature of "secondary" or "adult type" tuberculosis. This is probably related to pre-existing hypersensitivity to M. tuberculosis resulting from a prior primary infection. Cavities form when necrosis involves the wall of an airway and the semi-liquid necrotic material is discharged into the bronchial tree from where it is usually coughed up and may infect others. This infected material may seed other parts of the lung via the airways to produce a tuberculous bronchopneumonia. If swallowed, infection of the G.I. tract may result. Communication of the centers of the tuberculous lesions with the airway exposes the bacteria to a high concentration of oxygen and promotes their proliferation. The risk of spread of infection to non-infected persons from individuals with cavitary tuberculosis is very high.
Symptoms of Fusarium head blight (FHB) on wheat spikes. Visible are some green areas and some necrotic areas, typical of FHB. In this case, the disease has been encouraged by spray inoculation with Fusarium graminearum spores (teleomorph Gibberella zeae) and mist irrigation, as part of CIMMYT’s screening program for resistance to FHB.
Photo credit: Janet Lewis/CIMMYT.
Gross photo showing hemorrhagic and necrotic epididymis and testicular parenchyma. A small hydrocele (black arrow) is present near the head of the epididymis. Jian-Hua Qiao, MD, FCAP, Los Angeles, CA, USA. (乔建华医学博士， 美国病理学家学院专家会员。美国加州洛杉矶)
Necrotic Disposal Force Soldier. These soldiers attack deep into zombie nfested cities to strike the heart of the infestation.
The left side w all the bruising. I think the necrotic part is spreading and now seems to take up half my nipple. I'm starting to suspect that I'll lose the whole thing. The surgeon said this is a rare complication, but the most common one.
Years ago, I had this nipple pierced. It never healed. I felt faint whenever I had to clean it. It's like deja vu all over again.
These spiders are often found in darker areas, such as flower beds, wood piles, and areas where they can weave a funnel-web. When it is found in homes, it often is found in the basement, in the darker recesses such as closets and corners. It is a nocturnal spider, so generally it is discovered when the lights are turned on and the spider darts for cover. These spiders are not seasonal, but rather, can be found year round, if in a survivable environment.
I found this one crawling across the basement floor when I put a load of laundry in.
This species was imported from Europe into the shipping ports when large numbers of settlers immigrated from Europe (starting around the 1600s), and it has steadily spread throughout the United States and Canada.
This spider is not dangerous to people, but is often confused with the Hobo Spider of the same genus, (Tegenaria agrestis), which may or may not be dangerous to humans.
In the United States, the hobo spider has been considered to be a dangerous species based on a toxicology study on rabbits where lesions appeared after spiders were induced to bite the rabbits, although attempts to replicate the study (by directly injecting venom to ensure envenomation) have failed to produce necrotic lesions, and there is even question as to whether the lesions observed in the original study were necrotic. So take any hobo spider bite story with a grain of salt.
Unless you live in the northwest US, it's probably not a Hobo Spider. Look here for the Hobo Spider's confirmed range. If you are unsure of the exact species, just be mindful of this confusion, and use caution when dealing with the spider.
Raynox DCR-250 mounted on my Panasonic FZ8.
Day #5 with the brown recluse bite. It seems as worse as it's ever been this morning, and I'm camping as well. Yuk.
This is from a 15-year-old girl with acute myeloid leukemia. She presented with the "febrile neutropenia" syndrome. The branching fungi were easily visible with the H&E stain. The lung parenchyma was partially necrotic and the hyphae were filling thrombosed vascular lumina.
Microscopic photo showing a pseudoxanthomatous nodule composed of mainly foamy hitiocytes (red arrow). H & E stain. 10X objective magnification. Jian-Hua Qiao, MD, FCAP, Los Angeles, CA, USA. (乔建华医学博士，美国病理学家学院专家会员。美国加州洛杉矶)
This is a picture of my leg two days after the bite. The wound was constantly oozing clear fluid and puss. Around this time I realized I was in serious trouble and finally saught medical help.
Yesterday was all about painkillers. I called NHS Direct to enquire wether it was ok to take paracetamol (tylenol) and ibuprofen together. "I just had a mastectomy." I explained. "A vasectomy?" The woman asked.
For those wondering, it's fine to take them together, but you should not exceed the maximum doses of either. Also, they suggest you wait to see if one by tself is enough before you try mixing them.
Anyway, I suspect I pulled something while playing bass. It did not hurt at the time.
My bruises are fading quickly now, as predicted. My left side has entire ceased oozing, but I fear the dark spot on the tip of my nipple is not just a scab but a necrotic spot.
Dirofilariasis is caused by the dog heartworm Dirofilaria immitis. The larvae are transmitted by a mosquito bite. In humans the larvae, in almost all instances, do not develop and die. In rare cases the larvae transform into incompletely developed adult worms which die in the right ventricle and then embolize to the the lungs where infarction may occur. In dogs and other definitive hosts the mature adult worms inhabit the right ventricle.
In this image a cross section of a dead worm is seen within the lumen of a necrotic blood vessel
Many of D&D's greatest villains are liches, and it's no wonder why - when a sorcerer is so obsessed with staying alive that he is willing to become an undead abomination to do so, then what ELSE could he be capable of?
Wheat lines being screened for resistance to Fusarium head blight (FHB) on an experimental plot at CIMMYT’s headquarters at El Batán, Mexico, showing various levels of symptoms (manifest as necrosis of heads). The disease has been encouraged by spray inoculation with Fusarium graminearum spores (teleomorph Gibberella zeae) and mist irrigation. CIMMYT screens several thousand lines for FHB resistance every year. Resistant materials are the result of ongoing breeding efforts, and may be used further in CIMMYT’s breeding program or enter international nurseries like the Fusarium head blight screening nursery (FHBSN).
Photo credit: Janet Lewis/CIMMYT.
I did this collage on the boys tonight, as i haven't updated fresh captures on the boys yet.... So enjoy this collage on my boys xxxxx Michelle xxxx Blacky and xxxx champaz....
Foot Update....
On Monday the 30th of July 2012 i had a doctor's appointment , just a basic follow up and a dressing of the foot..... Well when the nurse took the dressing off , to my horror it had a bad smell to it and the wound itself was not looking good.... So after the doctor cleaned the inside of the wound and cleaned the outside of the wound there is a very noticeable red ring around the wound.... So im back on the strong antibiotics and on strict bed rest for the next week then i go back for another check with the doctor.... Im so disappointed as i though it was healing good...
So This is the basic wound care report....
WOUND BASE:
Pink- Epithelialisation ~ at 30% / 100
Red- Granulation ~ was 90% , 80% ,80% ,90%, 90%, 50% ,70% ,100% ,35% ,35% 35%
Yellow- Slough ~ 20% , 20%, 50% , 20% , 35% , 35% , 35%
Green - Infection ~ 0% / 100
Black - Necrotic ~ 0% /100
SURROUNDING SKIN:
Healthy/ intact ~ 100% /100
Macerated ~ Slightly
Erythema / inflammation ~ Slightly
WOUND MEASUREMENTS
Depth ~ At Present 75mm Depth with 1/3 closed over so far....
So i see the podiatrist on Wednesday 1st of August 2012 @ 2.00pm to see what she says about the infection.... xxxxxx Michelle..