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The Mosque of Ahmad Ibn Ţūlūn (Arabic: مسجد أحمد بن طولون) is located in Cairo, Egypt. It is arguably the oldest mosque in the city surviving in its original form, and is the largest mosque in Cairo in terms of land area.
The mosque was commissioned by Ahmad ibn Ţūlūn, the Abbassid governor of Egypt from 868–884 whose rule was characterized by de facto independence. The historian al-Maqrizi lists the mosque's construction start date as 876 AD[1], and the mosque's original inscription slab identifies the date of completion as 265 AH, or 879 AD.
The mosque was constructed on a small hill called Gebel Yashkur, "The Hill of Thanksgiving." One local legend says that it is here that Noah's Ark came to rest after the Deluge, instead of at Mount Ararat.[2]
The grand ceremonial mosque was intended as the focal point of Ibn Ţūlūn's capital, al-Qatta'i, which served as the center of administration for the Tulunid dynasty. The mosque originally was backed by ibn Ţūlūn's palace, and a door adjacent to the minbar allowed him direct entry to the mosque. Al-Qatta'i was razed in the early 10th century, AD, and the mosque is the only surviving structure. The mosque was constructed in the Samarran style common with Abbassid constructions. The mosque is constructed around a courtyard, with one covered hall on each of the four sides, the largest being on the side of the qibla, or direction to Mecca. The original mosque had its ablution fountain (sabil) in the area between the inner and outer walls. A distinctive sabil with a high domed roof was added in the central courtyard at the end of the thirteenth century by the Sultan Lajīn.
Plan of the MosqueThere is significant controversy over the date of construction of the minaret, which features a helical outer staircase similar to that of the famous minaret in Samarra. Legend has it that ibn Ţūlūn himself was accidentally responsible for the design of the structure: supposedly while sitting with his officials, he absentmindedly wound a piece of parchment around his finger. When someone asked him what he was doing, he responded, embarrassed, that he was designing his minaret. Many of the architectural features, however, point to a later construction, in particular the way in which the minaret does not connect well with the main mosque structure, something that would have been averted had the minaret and mosque been built at the same time. Architectural historian Doris Behrens-Abouseif asserts that Sultan Lajīn, who restored the mosque in 1296, was responsible for the construction of the current minaret.[3]
The mosque has been restored several times. The first known restoration was in 1177 under orders of the Fatimid wazir Badr al-Jamālī, who left a second inscription slab on the mosque, which is noted for containing the Shī'ī version of the shahada, adding the phrase "And Ali is the wali of God" after acknowledging the oneness of God and the prophethood of Muhammad. Sultan Lajīn's restoration of 1296 added several improvements. The mosque was most recently restored by the Egyptian Supreme Council of Antiquities in 2004.
During the medieval period, several houses were built up against the outside walls of the mosque. Most were demolished in 1928 by the Committee for the Conservation of Arab Monuments, however, two of the oldest and best-preserved homes were left intact. The "house of the Cretan woman" (Beit al-Kritliyya) and the Beit Amna bint Salim, were originally two separate structures, but a bridge at the third floor level was added at some point, combining them into a single structure. The house, accessible through the outer walls of the mosque, is open to the public as the Gayer-Anderson Museum, named after the British general R.G. 'John' Gayer-Anderson, who lived there until 1942.
Parts of the James Bond film The Spy Who Loved Me were filmed at the Mosque of Ibn Tulun and in the Gayer-Anderson Museum.
Mosque of Tzami Tou Mourad Reis with a slender white minaret is located in the New Town of Rhodes, surrounded with the small quiet cemetery... This place is not visited..
I have found a side gate and entered.. The cemetry is overgrown with weeds and is in
a state of disrepair. Everywhere was plenty of cats sleeping in the shade of the trees or graves... While I was taking fotos of them an old man has appeared, took my hand..
and invited me to see the interior of the Mosque.. which was quiet unusual...
That was interesting experience.. so quiet, calm place in the city centre..
Rhodes, Greece...
(serie 1-4)
Mosque ornament, Turkey (probably Iznik), about 1557. Victoria & Albert Museum, London.
"This dramatic object was made for the Suleymaniye Mosque in Istanbul, completed in 1557. Its shape is based on a metal lamp. The upper section bears part of the Light Verse from the Qur'an. The middle section is equipped with suspension handles and large, decorative bosses."
"It is the earliest example of Iznik pottery with under-glaze decoration in red, a difficult colour to produce. The potters were still experimenting when they made the 'lamp.' The red is quite orange and unevenly applied."
The Badshahi Mosque (Urdu: بادشاھی مسجد), or the 'Emperor's Mosque', in Lahore is the second largest mosque in Pakistan and South Asia and the fifth largest mosque in the world. It is Lahore's most famous landmark and a major tourist attraction epitomising the beauty, passion and grandeur of the Mughal era.
Capable of accommodating 10,000 worshippers in its main prayer hall and 100,000 in its courtyard and porticoes, it remained the largest mosque in the world from 1673 to 1986 (a period of 313 years), when overtaken in size by the completion of the Faisal Mosque in Islamabad. Today, it remains the second largest mosque in Pakistan and South Asia and the fifth largest mosque in the world after the Masjid al-Haram (Grand Mosque) of Mecca, the Al-Masjid al-Nabawi (Prophet's Mosque) in Medina, the Hassan II Mosque in Casablanca and the Faisal Mosque in Islamabad.
To appreciate its large size, the four minarets of the Badshahi Mosque are 13.9 ft (4.2 m) taller than those of the Taj Mahal and the main platform of the Taj Mahal can fit inside the 278,784 sq ft (25,899.9 m2) courtyard of the Badshahi Mosque, which is the largest mosque courtyard in the world.
This beautiful mosque's name means Leader Of Believers. Located on Losari waterfront, Makassar, this unique building sure is a great view if someone can somehow remove that silly-ugly banner on it's front.
Cemetery on the slope of the hill below the mosque. Tombs are unmarked, but family scatter broken pieces of pottery to recognize them.
The richly patterned doors are made of titanium.
King Hassan II had promised Casablanca the mausoleum for his father, Mohammed V, who died in 1961. However, he was forced to walk back that promise and keep the mausoleum with the rest of the family’s in Rabat. Instead, he gave Casablanca this magnificent mosque to attract pilgrimage and tourism (it is the only mosque in Morocco open to non-Muslims). The building holds 25,000 worshippers; the open-air plaza can accommodate another 80,000. It was begun in 1986 and completed in 1993, employing 10,000 construction and craft workers. Much of the cost (estimated at up to $700 million) was raised from 12 million donors by public subscription. Major structural remediation of the foundation, which had suffered from exposure to salt water on this wave-washed promontory, was undertaken beginning in 2005. The design is by the French architect Michel Pinseau, with almost all of the materials -- including the titanium doors -- sourced from within Morocco.
Not the fanciest mosque I have ever seen but I'm sure it serves these people well. It was actually the nicest structure in the whole area. But that's not really saying a lot.
From Wikipedia:
The Selimiye Mosque (Turkish: Selimiye Camii) is a mosque in the city of Edirne, Turkey. The mosque was commissioned by Sultan Selim II and was built by architect Mimar Sinan between 1568 and 1574. It was considered by Sinan to be his masterpiece and is one of the highest achievements of Islamic architecture.
This grand mosque stands at the center of a külliye (complex of a hospital, school, library and/or baths around a mosque) which comprises a medrese (Islamic academy teaches both Islamic and Scientific lessons), a dar-ül hadis (Al-Hadith school), a timekeeper's room and an arasta (row of shops). It also contains a Bayezid II Külliye Health Museum, now a museum. In this mosque Sinan employed an octagonal supporting system that is created through eight pillars incised in a square shell of walls. The four semi domes at the corners of the square behind the arches that spring from the pillars, are intermediary sections between the huge encompassing dome (31.25m diameter with spherical profile) and the walls.
While conventional mosques were limited by a segmented interior, Sinan's effort at Edirne was a structure that made it possible to see the mihrab from any location within the mosque. Surrounded by four tall minarets in, the Mosque of Selim II has a grand dome atop it. Around the rest of the mosque were many additions: libraries, schools, hospices, baths, soup kitchens for the poor, markets, hospitals, and a cemetery. These annexes were aligned axially and grouped, if possible. In front of the mosque sits a rectangular court with an area equal to that of the mosque. The innovation however, comes not in the size of the building, but from the organization of its interior. The mihrab is pushed back into an apse-like alcove with a space with enough depth to allow for window illumination from three sides. This has the effect of making the tile panels of its lower walls sparkle with natural light. The amalgamation of the main hall forms a fused octagon with the dome-covered square. Formed by eight massive dome supports, the octagon, is pierced by four half dome covered corners of the square. The beauty resulting from the conformity of geometric shapes engulfed in each other was the culmination of Sinan's life long search for a unified interior space.
One of the firsts mosques in the History of Islam The great mosque of Sanaa is still one of the most popular mosques for local men to pray , rest or chat.
Most of them being either Christian of Jew that time The Yemenis converted to Islam with a letter from Mohammed who later ordered that a Mosque should be build in Sanaa and that mosques became the root of the current structure.
With many legends still being told about the mosque it is still unknown which part was the fist structure of the building. Archeological evacuations are still going inside the mosque and it is certain that there was another holy temple exactly at this place before the mosque was built.
Sheikh Zayed Grand Mosque (Arabic :جامع الشيخ زايد الكبير) is located in Abu Dhabi, the capital city of the United Arab Emirates.
Sheikh Zayed Grand Mosque was initiated by the late President of the United Arab Emirates (UAE), HH Sheikh Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan. His final resting place is located on the grounds beside the same mosque.
As the country’s grand mosque, it is the key place of worship for Friday gathering and Eid prayers. It is the largest mosque in the UAE and numbers during Eid can be more than forty thousand people.
اين بنا در محله قديمی اصفهان، معروف به باب الدشت، در انتهای بازار رنگرزان واقع شده و به جهت فضای مناسب، تزيينات زيبای کاشی کاری و كتيبههای نفيس، از مساجد مهم و معتبر اصفهان محسوب می شود. بنای اين مسجد برطبق كتيبههای تاريخی آن، به هزينه محمد داوود، معروف به تقربخان ـ از پزشكان شاه عباس دوم و شاه صفی ـ ساخته شده است. سال شروع ساختمان مسجد، براساس كتيبه سردر خاوری، 1067هـ . ق و سال اتمام آن براساس كتيبه سر در شمالی، 1073هـ . ق است. با توجه به منابع تاريخی و شواهد به جای مانده، اين مسجد در محل مسجدی قديمی از زمان آل بويه معروف به جورجير كه توسط صاحب بن عباد وزير ساخته شده بود، بنا شده است. (البته با توجه به نوشته شاردن، مسجد دوره صفوی در محوطه خالی قبرستان بنا شده و بنابر اين، مسجد جورجير قبلاً از بين رفته بوده است). بنای مسجد حكيم دارای سر در، صحن، ايوان، غرفههای دو طبقه، گنبدخانه، شبستان و همچنين کاشی کاری و تزيينات زيبا و كتيبههای نفيس است. سردر خاوری مسجد دارای تزيينات کاشی کاری و كتيبه تاريخی است. كتيبه سردر شمالی به خط ثلث سفيد بر زمينه كاشی لاجوردی مورخ 1073هـ. ق است. صحن مسجد وسيع بوده و نماهای آن با کاشی کاری و خطوط بنايی آراسته شده است. در جبهه جنوبی صحن، ايوان جنوبی، گنبدخانه و شبستانهای طرفين آن واقع است. گنبدخانه مسجد نيز دارای تزيينات کاشی کاری معقلی، كتيبهها و محرابهايی می باشد. اين بنا به شماره 223 به ثبت تاريخی رسيده است.
it's the Islam new year. They'll soon have a ritual inside the newly built mosque of the muslim village, Bai Ai.
I'm forbidden to go further in as a female and non-muslim.
Shots taken from the taxi window as we travelled north-east from the city of Zagazig towards our next destination, San el Hagar.
Moscow Cathedral Mosque is the main mosque of Moscow, Russia. It is located on Olimpiysky Avenue, close to the Olympic Stadium in the centre of the city.
A new mosque has been built at the site of the former one. It was officially inaugurated on 23 September 2015. The new mosque has the capacity of ten thousand worshippers. Presidents Vladimir Putin of Russia, Recep Tayyip Erdoğan of Turkey and Mahmoud Abbas of Palestine together with local Muslim leaders participated in the inauguration ceremony of this mosque.
The original structure was built in 1904 according to the design of the architect Nikolay Zhukov and has undergone some reconstructions since then. It was also sometimes called "Tatar Mosque" because its congregation consisted mainly of ethnic Tatars. Socially, the Moscow Congregational Mosque was often viewed as the central mosque in Russia. It was one of the four mosques in Moscow.
The old mosque was demolished on 11 September 2011. The decision to demolish it was controversial. In June 2008, the mosque was recognized as an object of cultural heritage, however, towards the end of 2008 it was removed from the list of historical and architectural monuments. Thus, at the time of demolition, it was not protected. There were plans to reconstruct the mosque, and the reconstruction project was designed by architect Ilyas Tazhiyev. One of the reasons for reconstruction was that the building deviated by several degrees from the direction to Mecca. The project included disassembling the mosque, collecting all the stones, and re-assembling it again with corrected orientation. In 2009, however, the Council of Muftis dismissed Tazhiyev, first claiming they will make another reconstruction project, and then demolishing the building claiming it was close to collapse. Tazhiyev stated after the demolition that the reconstruction was still possible, and the building was not close to collapse.
The Moscow Cathedral Mosque became the first demolished religious building in Moscow since 1978.
Umayyad Mosque, Damascus, Syria
Built in 634 the Umayyad Mosque is one of the largest and oldest mosques in the world and the fourth holiest place of the Islam. The current structure was built using elements of the temple of Jupiter and a Byzantine basilica.
This photo was taken by a Praktica Bx20 analog camera.
Sheikh Lutfollah Mosque, 1603-1619.
Chief architect: Bahaʾ al‐Din al‐Amili (Shaykh Bahai), monument architect: Mohammad-Reza Isfahani.
Isfahan, Iran.
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