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Manufactured by Ihagee Kamerawerk Steenbergen & Co, Dresden, East Germany
Model: 1961, Version 1.6, (A&R: 6, Hummel: 050), (produced between 1960-62, quantity 58400)
Special features of Version 6: rectangular shape of the front plate; name plate with Exa metallic white on painted black background.
Version, manufacturing year, body and lens info are as to Andrzej Wrotniak
The original Exa is known as Exa 0 also
All Exa 0 produced between 1951-62
35mm film SLR camera
Engraving on the front plate: Ihagee Dresden
Lens release: via a lever on the left of the lens flange
Focusing: via Fresnel matte screen, ring and dial on the lens, w/DOF scale
Shutter: Mirror acts like a curtain as a part of the shutter, vertical moving, due to this maximum speed is limited to 1/150, speeds: 1/25-1/150 +B
setting : via a lever and scale on the right of the top plate
Shutter release: a knob, on front of the body, left side of the lens,
w/ a safety locking cap, and cable release socket, it can be pressed with the plunger on the lenses, w/ cable release socket also
Cocking knob: also winds the film, on the right of the top plate
Frame counter: window on the right of the top plate, additive type, manual reset by a thumb ring on front of it
Viewfinder: Waist level finder, w/ magnifier and sport finder with a lid, opens by a knob on the back side, interchangeable with SLR pentaprism finder
Finder release: via a knob beneath the Exa logo
Mirror: Stays up after exposure, so viewfinder is dark, cocking the shutter returns the mirror to normal position
Re-wind knob: on the left of the top plate
Re-wind release: a button just beside the cocking knob
Flash PC socket: two, on the right front side of the camera, F and X
Self-timer. none
Back cover: Hinged, removable, opens by a latch on the left side of the camera
Special take up spool
Tripod socket: 1/4''
Strap lugs
Body: metallic, Weight: 588g (wo/ the lens)
serial no. 573828 (inside the camera)
LENS:
aus Jena Pancolar 50mm f/2 (Zebra), 6 elements, auto-diaphragm type, (no internal aperture coupling, diaphragm always in open position, pressing the plunger on the lens closes the aperture to the pre-set f number then the shutter releases),
Exakta bayonet mount, interchangeable with Exakta Varex lenses,
filter thread: 49mm, serial no.8459679 (introduced 1964)
Aperture: f/2-f/22 setting: ring and scale on the lens
Focus range: 0.5-15m +inf
+SLR pentaprism finder, w/split image rangefinder, Ihagee, Dresden
Ihagee Kamerawerk Steenbergen & Co, in Dresden, which was the largest independent camera manufacturer in Germany and was founded in 1912 by Johan Steenbergen.
The true Exaktas and Exas are ones made by Ihagee in Dresden.
Although Exa is much simpler than the professional Exakta cameras, the workmanship is equally good, finish similar, and the family resemblance obvious. With its lower price, Exa cameras are addressed to the amateur photographers.
During the 25th year of production of the 35mm Exaktas, Ihagee introduced the black and white labels as for Exacta IIa as for the Exa.
Ihagee did not produce their own lenses. Instead, they relied on many of the major optical firms of their day to each produce a series of lenses for their cameras, eg. Carl Zeiss Jena, Meyer-Optik Görlitz and Schneider-Kreuznach. The lenses from these three makers, in terms of the number and variations of lenses produced, are the most plentiful and in most cases the easiest for collectors and users to acquire. Maybe, over 80% of the Exaktas offered for sale are equipped with normal focal length lenses from these three firms.
The East German Zeiss lenses made for export, were marked from 1954 with different engravings. The brand name Carl Zeiss Jena is replaced by C.Z. Jena or Jena or aus Jena.
Notes about Exa/Exakta classification
I use the Exa/Exakta classification of Andrzej Wrotniak. As to me, it is the best.
Some opinions of a serious Exa/Exakta collector, F W Tappe :
Andrzej Wrotniak uses a very sensible classification, listed on his website, which I personally like the best. It is multi dimensional in setup, without being complicated!
Richard Hummel's 1995 book lists an "one dimensional" classification, which is incomplete, but many sources still refer to this.
Aguila and Rouah (A&R) in their 2003 edition of "Exakta cameras 1933 - 1978", come to an improved classification. They built on their previous 1987 edition classification, which was the leading standard among collectors.
Klaus Wichmann, prolific writer of books about Exakta - and Exa cameras, published his classifications earliest.
More info Captain Jack, Maurizio Frizziero, F W Tappe, Exa Original in Camerapedia
Edited visualization from the HRRR-Smoke model of where smoke from fires in Northern California were predicted to go.
Image source: earthobservatory.nasa.gov/images/144190/which-way-will-th...
Original caption: By the time the U.S. Forest Service declared the Mendocino Complex Fire 100 percent contained in mid-September 2018, it had burned for nearly two months, destroyed 157 homes, and scorched more than 459,000 acres, making it the largest wildfire in California history. Wildfires in the state burned more than 1.3 million acres from January 1 through November 4, shrouding the region and, at times, whole swaths of the country, in smoke.
In the past, the behavior of such wildfires and their smoke plumes was notoriously difficult to forecast. “It was a challenge for the atmospheric models to know where a fire was, how active it was, and how much emissions it was putting into the atmosphere,” said Andy Edman, who oversees Western region wildfires for the National Weather Service. “It was sort of like having a family reunion. Most everyone is going to be acting normal, but wildfire behavior can be like your crazy uncle—erratic and difficult to predict.”
But a new experimental model that relies on data from National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) and NASA satellites has proven remarkably good at simulating the behavior of wildfire smoke. The High-Resolution Rapid Refresh Smoke model, or HRRR-Smoke, builds on NOAA’s existing HRRR weather model, which forecasts rain, wind, and thunderstorms. It ingests real-time data from the Joint Polar Satellite System’s Suomi-NPP and NOAA-20 polar-orbiting satellites, as well as NASA’s Terra and Aqua satellites.
The image on the top left, captured by the Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) on Suomi-NPP, shows the Western United States in natural color in the afternoon on August 6, 2018, at the height of the Mendocino Complex Fire. On the top right is a HRRR-Smoke simulation from the same region at the same time.
Central to HRRR-Smoke is an important metric called fire radiative power. FRP is a measurement of the amount of heat released by a given fire in megawatts. A large fire, for example, might reach about 4,000 megawatts per pixel (750x750 meters). Calculating radiative power and where it is distributed can help scientists pinpoint the active front of a fire and predict the density and trajectory of the smoke it will emit.
The HRRR-smoke model combines FRP data with observations of wind speed, rain, and atmospheric temperature. It also includes vegetation maps because the more scientists know about what is burning, the better the simulation. (For instance, sagebrush burns differently than ponderosa pine.) These measurements are mapped to a three-dimensional grid that extends nearly 16 miles into the atmosphere. What results is a detailed forecast of the amount of smoke produced, the direction it should travel, and its plume height. HRRR-Smoke generates forecasts four times per day and looks ahead by 36 hours.
The forecasts include two key sets of predictions. “Near-surface smoke” refers to the smoke that will hover within 8 meters (26 feet) of the ground—the kind responsible for burning eyes and aggravated asthma. “Vertically integrated smoke” depicts all of the smoke in a vertical column, including smoke high in Earth’s atmosphere. That is the smoke you see at sunrise and sunset. The animation below shows a 36-hour forecast of vertically integrated smoke on August 6, 2018.
[Unfortunately, I was unable to upload this animated GIF to Flickr... - please see original site for image.]
“Near-surface smoke is one indicator of air pollution, but the smoke could also be at much higher altitudes,” said Ravan Ahmadov, the main developer of the HRRR-smoke model, and a research scientist at NOAA’s Earth Systems Research Laboratory and the Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences. “That’s important to know, because the smoke could affect visibility for aviation.” High-altitude smoke can also block incoming sunlight, which can cool air temperatures and interfere with solar energy production.
HRRR-Smoke is being used increasingly by forecasters and government agencies, but also by some local groups. During California’s Ferguson fire, the Department of Transportation used HRRR-Smoke simulations as part of its decision-making to suspend Amtrak rail service in the region. Likewise, the model was part of the National Park Service calculus when it closed parts of Yosemite.
On a local scale, schools in Utah referred to model forecasts when they opted to keep kids inside during recess and to cancel football games due to fires burning south of Provo. In Oregon, a youth swimming coach moved outdoor practice to an indoor pool after hearing the forecast.
“When we can tell people that the smoke is going to move in and hang around for a day, they can take smart actions to anticipate the event,” Edman said. “If you have a child with asthma, you’ll know to take precautions.”
The HRRR-Smoke model is still evolving. One limitation, Ahmadov said, is that each polar orbiting satellite passes each location in the continental United States just twice a day, and fires can spread and evolve rapidly during the time between those observations. He hopes to eventually incorporate data from geostationary satellites like GOES-16 and GOES-17, which have a lower spatial resolution but would scan the fires more often. The ultimate goal is to add smoke to the regular HRRR model used by the National Weather Service.
“In the next couple of years, I think we are going to see a lot of small, incremental improvements,” Edman said. “The model is not perfect, but all of the components came together this year, and the forecasts were pretty darn good.”
NASA Earth Observatory images by Lauren Dauphin, using VIIRS data from the Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership and HRRR-Smoke data. Story by Jenny Marder, Joint Polar Satellite System.
Kontio Icebreaker Model in Scale 1:100 .
Launched in 1987, the Kontio was designed with particular attention to improved icebreaking efficiency on the Baltic Sea.
Read more about at Arctia Finland....
•The Model T was introduced on Oct. 1, 1908. It had a 20-horsepower, four-cylinder engine, reached a top speed of about 45 miles per hour, got about 13 to 21 miles per gallon of gasoline and weighed 1,200 pounds. It was the ninth of Henry Ford's production cars.
•More than 15,000,000 Model T's were built and sold. A modest ceremony on May 26, 1927, marked the formal end of Model T production.
•The first models were produced at a factory on Piquette Avenue in Detroit. Beginning in 1910, Model T's were built at a new Highland Park (Michigan) plant.
•Henry Ford's initiation of mass production of vehicles on the moving assembly line led to lower car prices and the $5 workday.
•The car was introduced with a price tag of $850. The Model T later sold for as little as $260, without extras, because of production savings Henry Ford passed on to customers.
•Henry Ford called the Model T "the universal car," a low-cost, reliable vehicle that could be maintained easily and could successfully travel the poor roads of the era.
•The Model T came in nine body styles, all on the same chassis.
•"Lizzie" was one of the most popular of the dozens of nicknames for the Model T.
•In 1914, Ford, with 13,000 employees, produced about 300,000 cars while 299 other companies with 66,350 employees produced about 280,000 vehicles.
Comments Please
Not sure what year this one is, possibly a 1915. Its some sort of specialty version as well with loads of extra seating, maybe a shuttle vehicle.
The Ford Model T (colloquially known as the Tin Lizzie, T‑Model Ford, 'Model T Ford', or T) is an automobile that was produced by Henry Ford's Ford Motor Company from October 1, 1908 to May 27, 1927.[1][2] It is generally regarded as the first affordable automobile, the car that opened travel to the common middle-class American; some of this was because of Ford's efficient fabrication, including assembly line production instead of individual hand crafting.[3] The Ford Model T was named the world's most influential car of the 20th century in an international poll.[4]
The Model T set 1908 as the historic year that the automobile became popular. The first production Model T was produced on August 12, 1908[5] and left the factory on September 27, 1908, at the Piquette Plant in Detroit, Michigan. On May 26, 1927, Henry Ford watched the 15 millionth Model T Ford roll off the assembly line at his factory in Highland Park, Michigan.[6]
There were several cars produced or prototyped by Henry Ford from the founding of the company in 1903 until the Model T was introduced. Although he started with the Model A, there were not 19 production models (A through T); some were only prototypes. The production model immediately before the Model T was the Model S,[7] an upgraded version of the company's largest success to that point, the Model N. The follow-up was the Ford Model A (rather than any Model U). Company publicity said this was because the new car was such a departure from the old that Henry wanted to start all over again with the letter A.
The Model T was the first automobile mass-produced on moving assembly lines with completely interchangeable parts, marketed to the middle class.[citation needed] Henry Ford said of the vehicle:
"I will build a car for the great multitude. It will be large enough for the family, but small enough for the individual to run and care for. It will be constructed of the best materials, by the best men to be hired, after the simplest designs that modern engineering can devise. But it will be so low in price that no man making a good salary will be unable to own one – and enjoy with his family the blessing of hours of pleasure in God's great open spaces."
Above summary is from Wikipedia
My resident rocket "Pro", is hooking the wires to a Estes Code Red model rocket. She has four years of model rocket experience and dozens of launches to her credit.
Logging RR shop junk corner showing old donkey engines and general clutter. 1/48th scale (O scale)
Most castings from CHB Models (Charlie Brommer)