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Manpower Temp Awards 2010 by MANPOWER GREECE

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Luiss Business School e Manpower Group: competenze digitali per l’energia by Luiss Business School

I risultati della prima indagine condotta da Luiss Business School per Manpowergroup sull’evoluzione delle competenze nelle imprese energy in Italia. Il mercato del lavoro italiano non riesce a soddisfare la domanda di profili innovativi che arriva dal comparto energetico. Tra le figure emergenti spiccano Data Scientist e Data Analyst

Manpower I by Wolfgang Wiggers

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I suppose that this is a drinking game where you have to hold a heavy object with an outstretched arm for a long time.

Half of an 1860s stereoview. Unidentified photographer.

A dentist working on the teeth of a young male patient, with a nurse standing by, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario / Dentiste réparant les dents d'un jeune patient, une infirmière à ses côtés, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto (Ontario) by BiblioArchives / LibraryArchives

Title / Titre :

A dentist working on the teeth of a young male patient, with a nurse standing by, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario /

Dentiste réparant les dents d'un jeune patient, une infirmière à ses côtés, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto (Ontario)

Creator(s) / Créateur(s) : Unknown / Inconnu

Date(s) : 1930-1960

Reference No. / Numéro de référence : ITEM 4365939, 4366076

central.bac-lac.gc.ca/.redirect?app=fonandcol&id=4365...;

central.bac-lac.gc.ca/.redirect?app=fonandcol&id=4366...

Location / Lieu : Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Credit / Mention de source :

Canada. Department of Manpower and Immigration. Library and Archives Canada, e010982322 /

Canada. Department of Manpower and Immigration. Bibliothèque et Archives Canada, e010982322

Storm by Roger Daigle

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Manpower...Godpower!

Humphreys resource managers honored by Morning Calm Weekly Newspaper Installation Management Command, U.S. Army

By W. Wayne Marlow

warren.wayne.marlow@us.army.mil

CAMP HUMPHREYS — Another major trophy is coming to Camp Humphreys.

The Department of the Army has bestowed the Outstanding Resource Management Organization Award, for below the Army command level, to the United States Army Garrison Humphreys Directorate of Resource Management.

Criteria for the award includes: leadership; cost reductions in dollars or human resources; improvements in the timeliness and accuracy of information; enhanced customer service; streamlined policies and procedures; and standardized policies, procedures and systems.

The Humphreys directorate was noted for demonstrating the highest efficiency and effectiveness in group mission and function.

Barbara Towns, USAG Humphreys director of resource management, called the award the result of people in the office pulling together.

“We have a very good team and a close team,” she said. “One year, we even went to Taiwan together over Thanksgiving. We have a really good working relationship. Everyone helps everyone else.”

During the year for which the office is being recognized, it was missing a budget officer and one budget analyst. Also, it was a time of transition to a new financial system, both of which had to be closed during the year.

“On top of that, we had funding shortfalls and had to submit manpower reductions of 14 percent,” Towns said. “And we’re still in the midst of the biggest transformation in the Department of Defense. We had to reduce service contracts by 27 percent without impacting the quality of life for Soldiers and families, which is really a significant thing.”

While working as a team was key, another big factor was the employees knowing their jobs.

“This was the result of the expertise and the knowledge of the individuals,” Towns said. “It was really difficult because they had six months of training to do, in addition to their regular work. I don’t know how they did it. It was incredible what they did.”

The office also had to deal with a proposed manpower reduction that would have meant a loss of key positions. Towns and others were able to align manpower authorizations so that crucial missions could continue.

Though the situation could grow difficult at times, everyone always pulled together, according to Towns.

“I would go out and see five of them huddled around a computer trying to figure out the system. They would work together until they figured it out and got it right,” she said.

Towns also credits garrison leadership for helping the office to succeed. She noted the support from directorates and from Col. Joseph P. Moore and David Frodsham, USAG Humphreys commander and deputy commander, respectively.

“Colonel Moore and David have been absolutely phenomenal and the trust the directors show in us is also one of the most important things,” she said.”

And all the hard work paid off. “When I found out we won, I jumped up and down. I told my staff and everybody started yelling and clapping,” she said. “They were so excited. It was well-deserved.”

Towns said serving Soldiers and their families is what drives the mission. Her father and husband both served and her son is in the Air Force.

“My philosophy is ‘I care a lot about Soldiers and families,’” she said. “When I see a Soldier out there, I think, ‘If that was my son, how would I want him to be treated?’”

375 cost-to-coast marathon by The Canon

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Llew Jones of Llanrwst makes quite an investment in vehicles and manpower to fulfil the NationalExpress 375 contract.

The Eleventh hour by INNES

Remembrance Sunday 11/11/2012

The National Memorial Arboretum, Alrewas Staffordshire.

At the 11th hour on the 11th day of the 11th month of 1918, the Great War ends. At 5 a.m. that morning, Germany, bereft of manpower and supplies and faced with imminent invasion, signed an armistice agreement with the Allies in a railroad car outside Compiégne, France. The First World War left nine million soldiers dead and 21 million wounded, with Germany, Russia, Austria-Hungary, France, and Great Britain each losing nearly a million or more lives. In addition, at least five million civilians died from disease, starvation, or exposure.

On 28 June 1914, in an event that is widely regarded as sparking the outbreak of World War I, Archduke Franz Ferdinand, heir to the Austro-Hungarian empire, was shot to death together with his wife by Bosnian Serb Gavrilo Princip in Sarajevo, Bosnia. Ferdinand had been inspecting his uncle's imperial armed forces in Bosnia and Herzegovina, despite the threat of Serbian nationalists who wanted these Austro-Hungarian possessions to join newly independent Serbia. Austria-Hungary blamed the Serbian government for the attack and hoped to use the incident as justification for settling the problem of Slavic nationalism once and for all. However, as Russia supported Serbia, an Austro-Hungarian declaration of war was delayed until its leaders received assurances from German leader Kaiser Wilhelm II that Germany would support their cause in the event of a Russian intervention.

On 28 July, Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia, and the tenuous peace between Europe's great powers collapsed. On 29 July, Austro-Hungarian forces began to shell the Serbian capital, Belgrade, and Russia, Serbia's ally, ordered a troop mobilisation against Austria-Hungary. France, allied with Russia, began to mobilise on 1 August. France and Germany declared war on each other on 3 August. After crossing through neutral Luxembourg, the German army invaded Belgium on the night of 3-4 August, prompting Great Britain, Belgium's ally, to declare war against Germany.

For the most part, the people of Europe greeted the outbreak of war with jubilation. Most patriotically assumed that their country would be victorious within months. Of the initial belligerents, Germany was most prepared for the outbreak of hostilities, and its military leaders had formatted a sophisticated military strategy known as the Schlieffen Plan, which envisioned the conquest of France through a great arcing offensive through Belgium and into northern France. Russia, slow to mobilise, was to be kept occupied by Austro-Hungarian forces while Germany attacked France.

The Schlieffen Plan was nearly successful, but in early September the French rallied and halted the German advance at the bloody Battle of the Marne near Paris. By the end of 1914, well over a million soldiers of various nationalities had been killed on the battlefields of Europe, and neither for the Allies nor the Central Powers was a final victory in sight. On the western front – the battle line that stretched across northern France and Belgium – the combatants settled down in the trenches for a terrible war of attrition.

In 1915, the Allies attempted to break the stalemate with an amphibious invasion of Turkey, which had joined the Central Powers in October 1914, but after heavy bloodshed the Allies were forced to retreat in early 1916. The year 1916 saw great offensives by Germany and Britain along the western front, but neither side accomplished a decisive victory. In the east, Germany was more successful, and the disorganised Russian army suffered terrible losses, spurring the outbreak of the Russian Revolution in 1917. By the end of 1917, the Bolsheviks had seized power in Russia and immediately set about negotiating peace with Germany. In 1918, the infusion of American troops and resources into the western front finally tipped the scale in the Allies' favour. Germany signed an armistice agreement with the Allies on 11 November 1918.

World War I was known as the "war to end all wars" because of the great slaughter and destruction it caused. Unfortunately, the peace treaty that officially ended the conflict – the Treaty of Versailles of 1919 – forced punitive terms on Germany that stoked German nationalism, fomented ill-feeling and laid the groundwork for World War II

Practical Arrangements Signing IAEA - ASEAN (01117698) by IAEA Imagebank

Cornel Feruta, IAEA Acting Director General and H.E. Dato Lim Jock Hoi, Secretary General, sign a Practical Arrangements document between the IAEA and ASEAN in the Area of Nuclear Installation Safety held at the Agency headquarters in Vienna, Austria on 16 September 2019

Photo Credit: Dean Calma / IAEA

ASEANTOM representatives

Mr Tutiaty Abdul Wahab, Deputy Permanent Secretary, Ministry of Energy, Manpower and Industry, Brunei Darussalam

Mr Chhuon Sambathratanak, Director of Ministry of Mine and Energy, Cambodia

Datuk Hamrah Bin Mohd Ali, Director-General of Atomic Energy Licensing Board, Malaysia

HE Mr. San Lwin, Resident Representative to the IAEA, Myanmar

Mr Syed Noureddin Bin Syed Hassim, Singapore’s Deputy Resident Representative to the IAEA, Singapore

Dr Carlo A. Arcilla, Director of Philippines Nuclear Research Institute, Philippines

Ms Suchin Udomsomporn, Director, Division of Strategy and Planning, Office of Atoms for Peace, Thailand

Prof Dr Nguyen Tuan Khai, Director General of Vietnam Agency for Radiation and Nuclear Safety, Vietnam

ASEAN Vienna Committee representatives

HE Ms Masurai Masri, Resident Representative to the IAEA, Brunei Darussalam

HE Dato’ Ganeson Sivagurunathan, Resident Representative to the IAEA, Malaysia

HE Ms Maria Cleofe Rayos Natividad, Resident Representative to the IAEA, Philippines

HE Ms Morakot Sriswasdi, Resident Representative to the IAEA, Thailand

HE Mr Le Dung, Resident Representative to the IAEA, Viet Nam

Wien, 6./7. Bezirk (the art of very historic streets in the suburbs not far away from the core of downtown Vienna) - Mariahilfer Straße by alfred lex

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(further information and pictures you can get by clicking on the link at the end of page!)

Mariahilferstraße

Mariahilferstraße, 6th, 7th, 14th and 15th, since 1897 (in the 6th and 7th district originally Kremser Sraße, then Bavarian highway, Laimgrubner main road, Mariahilfer main street, Fünfhauserstraße, Schönbrunnerstraße and Penzinger Poststraße, then Schönbrunner Straße), in memory of the old suburb name; Mariahilf was an independent municipality from 1660 to 1850, since then with Gumpendorf, Magdalenengrund, Windmühle and Laimgrube 6th District.

From

aeiou - the cultural information system of the bm: bwk

14,000 key words and 2000 pictures from history, geography, politics and business in Austria

www.aeiou.at

Mariahilferstraße, 1908 - Wien Museum

Mariahilferstraße, 1908

Picture taken from "August Stauda - A documentarian of old Vienna"

published by Christian Brandstätter - to Book Description

History

Pottery and wine

The first ones who demonstrably populated the area of today's Mariahilferstraße (after the mammoth) were the Illyrians. They took advantage of the rich clay deposits for making simple vessels. The Celts planted on the sunny hills the first grape vines and understood the wine-making process very well. When the Romans occupied at the beginning of our Era Vienna for several centuries, they left behind many traces. The wine culture of the Celts they refined. On the hill of today's Mariahilferstraße run a Roman ridge trail, whose origins lay in the camp of Vindobona. After the rule of the Romans, the migration of peoples temporarily led many cultures here until after the expulsion of the Avars Bavarian colonists came from the West.

The peasant Middle Ages - From the vineyard to the village

Thanks to the loamy soil formed the winery, which has been pushed back only until the development of the suburbs, until the mid-17th Century the livelihood of the rural population. "Im Schöff" but also "Schöpf - scoop" and "Schiff - ship" (from "draw of") the area at the time was called. The erroneous use of a ship in the seal of the district is reminiscent of the old name, which was then replaced by the picture of grace "Mariahilf". The Weinberg (vineyard) law imposed at that time that the ground rent in the form of mash on the spot had to be paid. This was referred to as a "draw".

1495 the Mariahilfer wine was added to the wine disciplinary regulations for Herrenweine (racy, hearty, fruity, pithy wine with pleasant acidity) because of its special quality and achieved high prices.

1529 The first Turkish siege

Mariahilferstraße, already than an important route to the West, was repeatedly the scene of historical encounters. When the Turks besieged Vienna for the first time, was at the lower end of today Mariahilferstrasse, just outside the city walls of Vienna, a small settlement of houses and cottages, gardens and fields. Even the St. Theobald Monastery was there. This so-called "gap" was burned at the approach of the Turks, for them not to offer hiding places at the siege. Despite a prohibition, the area was rebuilt after departure of the Turks.

1558, a provision was adopted so that the glacis, a broad, unobstructed strip between the city wall and the outer settlements, should be left free. The Glacis existed until the demolition of the city walls in 1858. Here the ring road was later built.

1663 The new Post Road

With the new purpose of the Mariahilferstrasse as post road the first three roadside inn houses were built. At the same time the travel increased, since the carriages were finally more comfortable and the roads safer. Two well-known expressions date from this period. The "tip" and "kickbacks". In the old travel handbooks of that time we encounter them as guards beside the route, the travel and baggage tariff. The tip should the driver at the rest stop pay for the drink, while the bribe was calculated in proportion to the axle grease. Who was in a hurry, just paid a higher lubricant (Schmiergeld) or tip to motivate the coachman.

1683 The second Turkish siege

The second Turkish siege brought Mariahilferstraße the same fate. Meanwhile, a considerable settlement was formed, a real suburb, which, however, still had a lot of fields and brick pits. Again, the suburb along the Mariahilferstraße was razed to the ground, the population sought refuge behind the walls or in the Vienna Woods. The reconstruction progressed slowly since there was a lack of funds and manpower. Only at the beginning of the 18th Century took place a targeted reconstruction.

1686 Palais Esterhazy

On several "Brandstetten", by the second Turkish siege destroyed houses, the Hungarian aristocratic family Esterhazy had built herself a simple palace, which also had a passage on the Mariahilferstrasse. 1764 bought the innkeeper Paul Winkelmayr from Spittelberg the building, demolished it and built two new buildings that have been named in accordance with the Esterhazy "to the Hungarian crown."

17th Century to 19th Century. Fom the village to suburb

With the development of the settlements on the Mariahilferstraße from village to suburbs, changed not only the appearance but also the population. More and more agricultural land fell victim to the development, craftsmen and tradesmen settled there. There was an incredible variety of professions and trades, most of which were organized into guilds or crafts. Those cared for vocational training, quality and price of the goods, and in cases of unemployment, sickness and death.

The farms were replaced by churches and palaces, houses and shops. Mariahilf changed into a major industrial district, Mariahilferstrasse was an important trading center. Countless street traders sold the goods, which they carried either with them, or put in a street stall on display. The dealers made themselves noticeable by a significant Kaufruf (purchase call). So there was the ink man who went about with his bottles, the Wasserbauer (hydraulic engineering) who sold Danube water on his horse-drawn vehicle as industrial water, or the lavender woman. This lovely Viennese figures disappeared with the emergence of fixed premises and the improvement of urban transport.

Private carriages, horse-drawn carriages and buggies populated the streets, who used this route also for trips. At Mariahilferplatz Linientor (gate) was the main stand of the cheapest and most popular means of transport, the Zeiselwagen, which the Wiener used for their excursions into nature, which gradually became fashionable. In the 19th Century then yet arrived the Stellwagen (carriage) and bus traffic which had to accomplish the connection between Vienna and the suburbs. As a Viennese joke has it, suggests the Stellwagen that it has been so called because it did not come from the spot.

1719 - 1723 Royal and Imperial Court Stables

Emperor Charles VI. gave the order for the construction of the stables to Johann Bernhard Fischer von Erlach. 1772 the building was extended by two houses on the Mariahilferstrasse. The size of the stables still shows, as it serves as the Museum Quarter - its former importance. The Mariahilferstraße since the building of Schönbrunn Palace by the Imperial court very strongly was frequented. Today in the historic buildings the Museum Quarter is housed.

The church and monastery of Maria Hülff

Coloured engraving by J. Ziegler, 1783

1730 Mariahilferkirche

1711 began the renovation works at the Mariahilferkirche, giving the church building today's appearance and importance as a baroque monument. The plans stem from Franziskus Jänkl, the foreman of Lukas von Hildebrandt. Originally stood on the site of the Mariahilferkirche in the medieval vineyard "In Schoeff" a cemetery with wooden chapel built by the Barnabites. Already in those days, the miraculous image Mariahilf was located therein. During the Ottoman siege the chapel was destroyed, the miraculous image could be saved behind the protective walls. After the provisional reconstruction the miraculous image in a triumphal procession was returned, accompanied by 30,000 Viennese.

1790 - 1836 Ferdinand Raimund

Although in the district Mariahilf many artists and historical figures of Vienna lived , it is noticeable that as a residence they rather shunned the Mariahilferstraße, because as early as in the 18th Century there was a very lively and loud bustle on the street. The most famous person who was born on the Mariahilferstrasse is the folk actor and dramatist Ferdinand Raimund. He came in the house No. 45, "To the Golden deer (Zum Goldenen Hirschen)", which still exists today, as son of a turner into the world. As confectioners apprentice, he also had to visit the theaters, where he was a so-called "Numero", who sold his wares to the visitors. This encounter with the theater was fateful. He took flight from his training masters and joined a traveling troupe as an actor. After his return to Vienna, he soon became the most popular comedian. In his plays all those figures appeared then bustling the streets of Vienna. His most famous role was that of the "ash man" in "Farmer as Millionaire", a genuine Viennese guy who brings the wood ash in Butte from the houses, and from the proceeds leading a modest existence.

1805 - 1809 French occupation

The two-time occupation of Vienna by the French hit the suburbs hard. But the buildings were not destroyed fortunately.

19th century Industrialization

Here, where a higher concentration of artisans had developed as in other districts, you could feel the competition of the factories particularly hard. A craftsman after another became factory worker, women and child labor was part of the day-to-day business. With the sharp rise of the population grew apartment misery and flourished bed lodgers and roomers business.

1826

The Mariahilferstraße is paved up to the present belt (Gürtel).

1848 years of the revolution

The Mariahilferstraße this year was in turmoil. At the outbreak of the revolution, the hatred of the people was directed against the Verzehrungssteuerämter (some kind of tax authority) at the lines that have been blamed for the rise of food prices, and against the machines in the factories that had made the small craftsmen out of work or dependent workers. In October, students, workers and citizens tore up paving stones and barricaded themselves in the Mariahilfer Linientor (the so-called Linienwall was the tax frontier) in the area of today's belt.

1858 The Ring Road

The city walls fell and on the glacis arose the ring-road, the now 6th District more closely linking to the city center.

1862 Official naming

The Mariahilferstraße received its to the present day valid name, after it previously was bearing the following unofficial names: "Bavarian country road", "Mariahilfer Grund Straße", "Penzinger Street", "Laimgrube main street" and "Schönbrunner Linienstraße".

The turn of the century: development to commercial street

After the revolution of 1848, the industry displaced the dominant small business rapidly. At the same time the Mariahilferstraße developed into the first major shopping street of Vienna. The rising supply had to be passed on to the customer, and so more and more new shops sprang up. Around the turn of the century broke out a real building boom. The low suburban houses with Baroque and Biedermeier facade gave way to multi-storey houses with flashy and ostentatious facades in that historic style mixture, which was so characteristic of the late Ringstrasse period. From the former historic buildings almost nothing remained. The business portals were bigger and more pompous, the first department stores in the modern style were Gerngross and Herzmansky. Especially the clothing industry took root here.

1863 Herzmansky opened

On 3 March opened August Herzmansky a small general store in the Church Lane (Kirchengasse) 4. 1897 the great establishment in the pin alley (Stiftgasse) was opened, the largest textile company of the monarchy. August Herzmansky died a year before the opening, two nephews take over the business. In 1928, Mariahilferstraße 28 is additionally acquired. 1938, the then owner Max Delfiner had to flee, the company Rhonberg and Hämmerle took over the house. The building in Mariahilferstrasse 30 additionally was purchased. In the last days of the war in 1945 it fell victim to the flames, however. 1948, the company was returned to Max Delfiner, whose son sold in 1957 to the German Hertie group, a new building in Mariahilferstrasse 26 - 30 constructing. Other ownership changes followed.

1869 The Pferdetramway

The Pferdetramway made it first trip through the Mariahilferstraße to Neubaugasse.

Opened in 1879 Gerngroß

Mariahilferstraße about 1905

Alfred Gerngross, a merchant from Bavaria and co-worker August

Herzmanskys, founded on Mariahilferstrasse 48/corner Church alley (Kirchengasse) an own fabric store. He became the fiercest competitor of his former boss.

1901 The k.k. Imperial Furniture Collection

The k.k. Hofmobilien and material depot is established in Mariahilferstrasse 88. The collection quickly grew because each new ruler got new furniture. Today, it serves as a museum. Among other things, there is the office of Emperor Franz Joseph, the equipment of Emperor Maximilian of Mexico from Miramare Castle, the splendid table of Charles VI. and the furniture from the Oriental Cabinet of Crown Prince Rudolf.

1911 The House Stafa

On 18 August 1911, on the birthday of Emperor Franz Joseph, corner Mariahilferstraße/imperial road (Kaiserstraße) the "central palace" was opened. The construction by its architecture created a sensation. Nine large double figure-relief panels of Anton Hanak decorated it. In this building the "1st Vienna Commercial sample collective department store (Warenmuster-Kollektivkaufhaus)", a eight-storey circular building was located, which was to serve primarily the craft. The greatest adversity in the construction were underground springs. Two dug wells had to be built to pump out the water. 970 liters per minute, however, must be pumped out until today.

1945 bombing of Vienna

On 21 February 1945 bombs fell on the Mariahilferstrasse, many buildings were badly damaged. On 10th April Wiener looted the store Herzmansky. Ella Fasser, the owner of the café "Goethe" in Mariahilferstrasse, preserved the Monastery barracks (Stiftskaserne) from destruction, with the help other resistance fighters cutting the fire-conducting cords that had laid the retreating German troops. Meanwhile, she invited the officers to the cafe, and befuddled them with plenty of alcohol.

www.wien-vienna.at/blickpunkte.php?ID=582

Fountains Abbey Ripon in North Yorkshire by CT. Photography (Leeds) UK Tony Gartshore

Fountains Abbey is one of the largest and best preserved ruined Cistercian monasteries in England. It is located approximately 3 miles (5 kilometres) south-west of Ripon in North Yorkshire, near to the village of Aldfield. Founded in 1132, the abbey operated for 407 years becoming one of the wealthiest monasteries in England until its dissolution in 1539 under the order of Henry VIII.

The abbey is a Grade I listed building owned by the National Trust and part of the designated Studley Royal Park including the Ruins of Fountains Abbey UNESCO World Heritage Site.

Foundation

After a dispute and riot in 1132 at the Benedictine house of St Mary's Abbey, in York, 13 monks were expelled (among them Saint Robert of Newminster) and, after unsuccessful attempts to form a new monastery were taken under the protection of Thurstan, Archbishop of York. He provided them with land in the valley of the River Skell, a tributary of the Ure. The enclosed valley had all the natural features needed for the creation of a monastery, providing shelter from the weather, stone and timber for building, and a supply of running water. After enduring a harsh winter in 1133, the monks applied to join the Cistercian order which since the end of the previous century was a fast-growing reform movement that by the beginning of the 13th century was to have over 500 houses. So it was that in 1135, Fountains became the second Cistercian house in northern England, after Rievaulx. The Fountains monks became subject to Clairvaux Abbey, in Burgundy which was under the rule of St Bernard. Under the guidance of Geoffrey of Ainai, a monk sent from Clairvaux, the group learned how to celebrate the seven Canonical Hours according to Cistercian usage and were shown how to construct wooden buildings in accordance with Cistercian practice.

Consolidation

After Henry Murdac was elected abbot in 1143, the small stone church and timber claustral buildings were replaced. Within three years, an aisled nave had been added to the stone church, and the first permanent claustral buildings built in stone and roofed in tile had been completed.

In 1146 an angry mob, annoyed at Murdac for his role in opposing the election of William FitzHerbert as archbishop of York, attacked the abbey and burnt down all but the church and some surrounding buildings.The community recovered swiftly from the attack and founded four daughter houses. Henry Murdac resigned as abbot in 1147 upon becoming the Archbishop of York and was replaced first by Maurice, Abbot of Rievaulx then, on the resignation of Maurice, by Thorald. Thorald was forced by Henry Murdac to resign after two years in office. The next abbot, Richard, held the post until his death in 1170 and restored the abbey's stability and prosperity. In 20 years as abbot, he supervised a huge building programme which involved completing repairs to the damaged church and building more accommodation for the increasing number of recruits. Only the chapter house was completed before he died and the work was ably continued by his successor, Robert of Pipewell, under whose rule the abbey gained a reputation for caring for the needy.

The next abbot was William, who presided over the abbey from 1180 to 1190 and he was succeeded by Ralph Haget, who had entered Fountains at the age of 30 as a novice, after pursuing a military career. During the European famine of 1194 Haget ordered the construction of shelters in the vicinity of the abbey and provided daily food rations to the poor enhancing the abbey's reputation for caring for the poor and attracting more grants from wealthy benefactors.

In the first half of the 13th century Fountains increased in reputation and prosperity under the next three abbots, John of York (1203–1211), John of Hessle (1211–1220) and John of Kent (1220–1247). They were burdened with an inordinate amount of administrative duties and increasing demands for money in taxation and levies but managed to complete another massive expansion of the abbey's buildings. This included enlarging the church and building an infirmary.

Difficulties

In the second half of the 13th century the abbey was in more straitened circumstances. It was presided over by eleven abbots, and became financially unstable largely due to forward selling its wool crop, and the abbey was criticised for its dire material and physical state when it was visited by Archbishop John le Romeyn in 1294. The run of disasters that befell the community continued into the early 14th century when northern England was invaded by the Scots and there were further demands for taxes. The culmination of these misfortunes was the Black Death of 1348–1349. The loss of manpower and income due to the ravages of the plague was almost ruinous.

A further complication arose as a result of the Papal Schism of 1378–1409. Fountains Abbey along with other English Cistercian houses was told to break off any contact with the mother house of Citeaux, which supported a rival pope. This resulted in the abbots forming their own chapter to rule the order in England and consequently they became increasingly involved in internecine politics. In 1410, following the death of Abbot Burley of Fountains, the community was riven by several years of turmoil over the election of his successor. Contending candidates John Ripon, Abbot of Meaux, and Roger Frank, a monk of Fountains were locked in conflict until 1415 when Ripon was finally appointed, ruling until his death in 1434. Under abbots John Greenwell (1442–1471), Thomas Swinton (1471–8), John Darnton (1478–95), who undertook some much needed restoration of the fabric of the abbey, including notable work on the church, and Marmaduke Huby (1495–1526) Fountains regained stability and prosperity.

At Abbot Huby's death he was succeeded by William Thirsk who was accused by the royal commissioners of immorality and inadequacy and was dismissed as abbot. He was replaced by Marmaduke Bradley, a monk of the abbey who had reported Thirsk's supposed offences, testified against him and offered the authorities six hundred marks for the post of abbot. In 1539 it was Bradley who surrendered the abbey when its seizure was ordered under Henry VIII at the Dissolution of the Monasteries.

The abbey precinct covered 70 acres (28 ha) surrounded by an 11-foot (3.4 m) wall built in the 13th century, some parts of which are visible to the south and west of the abbey. The area consists of three concentric zones cut by the River Skell flowing from west to east across the site. The church and claustral buildings stand at the centre of the precinct north of the Skell, the inner court containing the domestic buildings stretches down to the river and the outer court housing the industrial and agricultural buildings lies on the river's south bank. The early abbey buildings were added to and altered over time, causing deviations from the strict Cistercian type. Outside the walls were the abbey's granges.[citation needed]

The original abbey church was built of wood and "was probably" two stories high; it was, however, quickly replaced in stone. The church was damaged in the attack on the abbey in 1146 and was rebuilt, in a larger scale, on the same site. Building work was completed c.1170.[11] This structure, completed around 1170, was 300 ft (91 m) long and had 11 bays in the side aisles. A lantern tower was added at the crossing of the church in the late 12th century. The presbytery at the eastern end of the church was much altered in the 13th century. The church's greatly lengthened choir, commenced by Abbot John of York, 1203–11, and carried on by his successor terminates, like that of Durham Cathedral, in an eastern transept, the work of Abbot John of Kent, 1220–47. The 160-foot-tall (49 m) tower, which was added not long before the dissolution, by Abbot Huby, 1494–1526, is in an unusual position at the northern end of the north transept and bears Huby's motto 'Soli Deo Honor et Gloria'. The sacristry adjoined the south transept.

The cloister, which had arcading of black marble from Nidderdale and white sandstone, is in the centre of the precinct and to the south of the church. The three-aisled chapter-house and parlour open from the eastern walk of the cloister and the refectory, with the kitchen and buttery attached, are at right angles to its southern walk. Parallel with the western walk is an immense vaulted substructure serving as cellars and store-rooms, which supported the dormitory of the conversi (lay brothers) above. This building extended across the river and at its south-west corner were the latrines, built above the swiftly flowing stream. The monks' dormitory was in its usual position above the chapter-house, to the south of the transept. Peculiarities of this arrangement include the position of the kitchen, between the refectory and calefactory, and of the infirmary above the river to the west, adjoining the guest-houses.

The abbot's house, one of the largest in all of England,is located to the east of the latrine block, where portions of it are suspended on arches over the River Skell.It was built in the mid-twelfth century as a modest single-storey structure, then, from the fourteenth century, underwent extensive expansion and remodelling to end up in the 16th century as a grand dwelling with fine bay windows and grand fireplaces. The great hall was an expansive room 52 by 21 metres (171 by 69 ft).

Among other apartments, for the designation of which see the ground-plan, was a domestic oratory or chapel,

1⁄2-by-23-foot (14 by 7 m), and a kitchen, 50-by-38-foot (15 by 12 m)

Medieval monasteries were sustained by landed estates that were given to them as endowments and from which they derived an income from rents. They were the gifts of the founder and subsequent patrons, but some were purchased from cash revenues. At the outset, the Cistercian order rejected gifts of mills and rents, churches with tithes and feudal manors as they did not accord with their belief in monastic purity, because they involved contact with laymen. When Archbishop Thurstan founded the abbey he gave the community 260 acres (110 ha) of land at Sutton north of the abbey and 200 acres (81 ha) at Herleshowe to provide support while the abbey became established. In the early years the abbey struggled to maintain itself because further gifts were not forthcoming and Thurstan could not help further because the lands he administered were not his own, but part of the diocesan estate. After a few years of impoverished struggle to establish the abbey, the monks were joined by Hugh, a former dean of York Minster, a rich man who brought a considerable fortune as well as furniture and books to start the library.

By 1135 the monks had acquired only another 260 acres (110 ha) at Cayton, given by Eustace fitzJohn of Knaresborough "for the building of the abbey". Shortly after the fire of 1146, the monks had established granges at Sutton, Cayton, Cowton Moor, Warsill, Dacre and Aldburgh all within 6 mi (10 km) of Fountains. In the 1140s the water mill was built on the abbey site making it possible for the grain from the granges to be brought to the abbey for milling.Tannery waste from this time has been excavated on the site.

Further estates were assembled in two phases, between 1140 and 1160 then 1174 and 1175, from piecemeal acquisitions of land. Some of the lands were grants from benefactors but others were purchased from gifts of money to the abbey. Roger de Mowbray granted vast areas of Nidderdale and William de Percy and his tenants granted substantial estates in Craven which included Malham Moor and the fishery in Malham Tarn. After 1203 the abbots consolidated the abbey's lands by renting out more distant areas that the monks could not easily farm themselves, and exchanging and purchasing lands that complemented their existing estates. Fountains' holdings both in Yorkshire and beyond had reached their maximum extent by 1265, when they were an efficient and very profitable estate. Their estates were linked in a network of individual granges which provided staging posts to the most distant ones. They had urban properties in York, Yarm, Grimsby, Scarborough and Boston from which to conduct export and market trading and their other commercial interests included mining, quarrying, iron-smelting, fishing and milling.

The Battle of Bannockburn in 1314 was a factor that led to a downturn in the prosperity of the abbey in the early fourteenth century. Areas of the north of England as far south as York were looted by the Scots. Then the number of lay-brothers being recruited to the order reduced considerably. The abbey chose to take advantage of the relaxation of the edict on leasing property that had been enacted by the General Chapter of the order in 1208 and leased some of their properties. Others were staffed by hired labour and remained in hand under the supervision of bailiffs. In 1535 Fountains had an interest in 138 vills and the total taxable income of the Fountains estate was £1,115, making it the richest Cistercian monastery in England.

After the Dissolution

The Gresham family crest

The Abbey buildings and over 500 acres (200 ha) of land were sold by the Crown, on 1 October 1540, to Sir Richard Gresham, at the time a Member of Parliament and former Lord Mayor of London, the father of Sir Thomas Gresham. It was Richard Gresham who had supplied Cardinal Wolsey with the tapestries for his new house of Hampton Court and who paid for the Cardinal's funeral.

Gresham sold some of the fabric of the site, stone, timber, lead, as building materials to help to defray the cost of purchase. The site was acquired in 1597 by Sir Stephen Proctor, who used stone from the monastic complex to build Fountains Hall. Between 1627 and 1767 the estate was owned by the Messenger family who sold it to William Aislaby who was responsible for combining it with the Studley Royal Estate.

Burials

Roger de Mowbray, 1st Baron Mowbray

John de Mowbray, 2nd Baron Mowbray

Abbot Marmaduke Huby (d. 1526)

Rose (daughter of Richard de Clare, 6th Earl of Gloucester), wife of Roger de Mowbray, 1st Baron Mowbray

Henry de Percy, 1st Baron Percy

William II de Percy, 3rd feudal baron of Topcliffe

Becoming a World Heritage Site

The archaeological excavation of the site was begun under the supervision of John Richard Walbran, a Ripon antiquary who, in 1846, had published a paper On the Necessity of clearing out the Conventual Church of Fountains.In 1966 the Abbey was placed in the guardianship of the Department of the Environment and the estate was purchased by the West Riding County Council who transferred ownership to the North Yorkshire County Council in 1974. The National Trust bought the 674-acre (273 ha) Fountains Abbey and Studley Royal estate from North Yorkshire County Council in 1983. In 1986 the parkland in which the abbey is situated and the abbey was designated a World Heritage Site by UNESCO. It was recognised for fulfilling the criteria of being a masterpiece of human creative genius, and an outstanding example of a type of building or architectural or technological ensemble or landscape which illustrates significant stages in human history. Fountains Abbey is owned by the National Trust and maintained by English Heritage. The trust owns Studley Royal Park, Fountains Hall, to which there is partial public access, and St Mary's Church, designed by William Burges and built around 1873, all of which are significant features of the World Heritage Site.

The Porter's Lodge, which was once the gatehouse to the abbey, houses a modern exhibition area with displays about the history of Fountains Abbey and how the monks lived.

In January 2010, Fountains Abbey and Studley Royal became two of the first National Trust properties to be included in Google Street View, using the Google Trike.

Film location

Fountains Abbey was used as a film location by Orchestral Manoeuvres in the Dark for their single "Maid of Orleans (The Waltz Joan of Arc)" during the cold winter of December 1981. In 1980, Hollywood also came to the site to film the final scenes to the film Omen III: The Final Conflict.Other productions filmed on location at the abbey are the films Life at the Top, The Secret Garden, The History Boys, TV series Flambards, A History of Britain, Terry Jones' Medieval Lives, Cathedral, Antiques Roadshow and the game show Treasure Hunt. The BBC Television series 'Gunpowder' (2017) used Fountains Abbey as a location.

1972 Pillsbury Orange Danish Turnover Pies Magazine Ads Coupons Manpower by Gregg Koenig

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Open House by MANPOWER GREECE

Debra S. Wada, assistant Secretary of the Army for Manpower and Reserve Affairs visits by U.S. Army Southern European Task Force, Africa

Vicenza Garrison Commander Col. Robert L. Menist Jr. and Honorable Debra S. Wada, assistant Secretary of the Army for Manpower and Reserve Affairs participate in roundtable discussion with Vicenza Military Community leaders, April 27. (U.S. Army Africa photo by Aaron Talley)

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Open House by MANPOWER GREECE

Chinese painting featuring one man packing tea and the other carrying a basket (ca.1800–1899) from the Miriam and Ira D. Wallach Division of Art, Prints and Photographs: Art & Architecture Collection. Original from the New York Public Library. Digitally e by Free Public Domain Illustrations by rawpixel

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Free download under CC Attribution (CC BY 4.0). Please credit the artist and rawpixel.com.

Admirable Chinese paintings by an anonymous Chinese painter from 19th century have been unveiled to our eyes. By using watercolor and gouache, these paintings feature the traditional daily life in China. Presenting the clothes that Chinese rural people wore daily, and depicting various types of ancient boats they used for their everyday transportation. Illustrations of vintage flowers, birds and fish are among the features as well.

Higher resolutions with no attribution required can be downloaded: https://www.rawpixel.com/board/544815/19th-century-chinese-paintings

Manpower I (anaglyph) by Wolfgang Wiggers

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I suppose that this is a drinking game where you have to hold a heavy object with an outstretched arm for a long time.

1860s stereoview, converted to anaglyph. Unidentified photographer.

Manpower Temp Awards 2010 by MANPOWER GREECE

1st Prize

IMG_0231 by Alderney Week

Manpowered Flight - photo Ilona Soane-Sands

IMG_0197 by Alderney Week

Manpowered Flight - photo Ilona Soane-Sands

7000-3336 by Alice Japan

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Portrait of Marlene Dietrich from Manpower by Scotty Welbourne.

Manpower - Together by Hanstoo

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Removing a biiiiiiig firewood.

Manpower Temp Awards 2010 by MANPOWER GREECE

3rd Prize Winner

Lt. Gen. Jack C. Stultz at U.S. Army Africa Headquarters by US Army Reserve

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Key Army leaders visit U.S. Army Africa, discuss importance of citizen soldiers

By Rick Scavetta, U.S. Army Africa

VICENZA, Italy – Senior Army leaders received an update on U.S. Army Africa’s progress during recent visits to the command’s headquarters at Caserma Ederle.

Honorable Thomas Lamont, Assistant Secretary of the Army for Manpower and Reserve Affairs, met with Maj. Gen. William B. Garrett III, commander of U.S. Army Africa. Discussions focused on the command’s ongoing partnership engagements in Africa and a summary of Natural Fire 10, a successful humanitarian assistance and disaster relief exercise held in Uganda during Oct. 2009.

Lt. Gen. Jack C. Stultz, commanding general, U.S. Army Reserve Command and Command Sgt. Maj. Michael D. Schultz, the Army Reserve’s senior noncommissioned officer, also met with U.S. Army Africa leaders and held talks with local Army Reserve Soldiers.

Army leaders understand that security, stability and peace in Africa are vital for African nations, the United States and the world, Lamont said. His two-day visit to U.S. Army Africa’s headquarters gave Lamont a better understanding of the command’s role in partnering with African nations to strengthen military capacity, he said.

“U.S. Army Africa is vital to the national security interests of our country in the years to come,” Lamont said. “I’ve learned a lot and I’m very impressed with what I’ve seen here.”

A career attorney, Lamont oversees civilian and military personnel interests for the active and Reserve force and is the Army's top civilian for manpower and structure policies, human resources, Soldier records and equal employment opportunity programs. Lamont, a retired Illinois National Guard officer, sees Soldiers from the Reserve component as a key part of U.S. Army Africa’s missions, he said.

“Our Reserve force can play a great role in U.S. Army Africa’s missions, bringing with them military skills and also skills from their civilian lives that apply to emerging nations on the African continent,” Lamont said.

Before arriving in Vicenza, Stultz spent a week in East Africa visiting 130 Army Reserve Soldiers working in civil affairs teams. They met Reserve Soldiers in Kenya, Ethiopia, Uganda and Camp Lemonnier, Djibouti — home of Combined Joint Task Force-Horn of Africa. Reserve teams are effective in applying unique approaches to countering violent extremism and deterring conflicts, Stultz said.

In Africa, it’s often junior officers and noncommissioned officers leading small teams to organize projects that make a huge impact on people’s lives, from improving schools to providing clean water, Stultz said. Reserve Soldiers are able to mentor Africans with more than just military experience, Schultz said.

“The added value is their civilian skills,” Schultz said. “That is important.”

At Caserma Ederle, during a town hall meeting with Reserve Soldiers within the Vicenza military community, Stultz shared his perspective of what his all-volunteer reserve force means to the United States.

“The Army Reserve today is positive investment,” Stultz said. “Our Reserve Soldiers are dependable and ready when America calls.”

Two Army Reserve units, the 772nd Civil Support Team and Company A, 457th Civil Affairs Battalion, drill in nearby Longare. They fall under the Kaiserslautern, Germany-based 7th Civil Support Command. In their civilian jobs, many work for U.S. Army Africa. Army Reserve units from the States augment the Vicenza garrison security force. The current rotation includes Soldiers from New York and New Jersey, who recently replaced a Reserve unit from Puerto Rico.

To accomplish Army missions, Reserve Soldiers often sacrifice time away from their family, income and civilian promotions, he said. Stultz also spoke about his command’s efforts to balance Reserve force commitments with the lives of citizen Soldiers and their families.

Reserve Soldiers today joined to do more than just weekend drills and two-weeks of annual training, Stultz said. Right now, roughly 45,000 Reserve Soldiers are on active duty – a force larger than some nations’ entire military, Stultz said.

“We have been transforming the Army Reserve over the last three years, from what used to be a strategic reserve to the force we have today – an operational force engaged around the world,” Stutlz said. “We have forces in about 25 different countries now, to include U.S. Army Africa’s area.”

Reserve deployments may not mean supporting war efforts in Iraq or Afghanistan. Nor does Reserve duty mean serving one-year tours overseas. Reserve Soldiers may find themselves putting their skills to work in Africa, Stultz said.

“The skills sets and the capabilities of the Army Reserve, such as medical, engineering, civil affairs and logistics – these are valued here at U.S. Army Africa,” Stultz said.

To learn more about U.S. Army Africa visit our official website at www.usaraf.army.mil

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Fountains Abbey Ruins , North Yorkshire , England by Shaz Vincent Photography