View allAll Photos Tagged M46
In October 1950, the 62nd Engineers completed construction of the new Han River railway bridge at Seoul, Korea, and a test locomotive crossed the bridge. In June 1951, the first test train crossed the bridge. This photo is of the Dedication Ceremony for the bridge at the time the first passenger train crossed it. Attendants to the ceremony, and passengers in that train, were Lt. General James A. Van Fleet, and Dr. Syngman Rhee, President of the Republic of Korea, and many other dignitaries.
The new bridge is shown on the right side of the photo.
For earlier photos of the bridge, see
www.history.army.mil/photos/Korea/kwengin/hanrail.htm
Pre-war photos of the Han River bridges can be seen on Kernbeisser's site at
www.flickr.com/photos/kernbeisser/3781922408/in/set-72157...
On Fire . My friend Stathis Papaefstathiou taking pictures of me , during a visit to Military graveyard in Kato Pyla , near Xylofagou village.
I too this photo of my brother-in-law, Jerry Hartman, during the Battle of the Kumsong Salient, the largest battle of the last two years of the Korean War in July 1953, a few days before the cease-fire that ended the shooting phase of the war. Jerry is standing by an M-19 (an M-24 light tank chassis on which was mounted twin 40 mm cannons) which belonged to the 3rd Anti-Aircraft Artillery AW Battalion. The M-19 was positioned among the 105 mm howitzers of the 58th Field Artillery Battalion, 3rd Infantry Division, to which Jerry belonged. The front line was along the ridges at the top of the photo where the 65th Infantry Regiment, 3rd Infantry Division, was dug in along the ridge crests.
Korean children at an Easter Party hosted by the 3rd Transportation Military Railway Service (TMRS) at its Headquarters compound in Yongsan, spring 1953.
Ha enhanced RGB Image.
Ha 9,5 h with Vixen VMC 260 and Atik 383L
RGB with C8 and QHY8L
The Ha reveals the outher Halo of NGC 2438 even a second much fainther halo is visible. Also on the left of NGC2438 is a proto planetary nebula visible, named the rotten egg.
Taken in Joshua Tree National Park
Jumbo Rocks campsite
11/28/2013
Canon EOS 60D
Stellarvue SV102ED2 4" Achromatic Refractor Telescope
Celestron CGEM-DX
Orion Starshoot Autoguider
+++ DISCLAIMER +++
Nothing you see here is real, even though the conversion or the presented background story might be based on historical facts. BEWARE!
Some background:
Towards the end of WWII, the Swedish Army's main tank was the Stridsvagen 42. It was a medium tank, modern in design and it was also well protected and mobile. It fielded a 75 mm L/34 gun, the first of its size in a Swedish tank and entered service with the Swedish army in November 1941. As a neutral nation in World War II Sweden did not engage in combat; thus its tanks had no battlefield record. Between April 1943 to January 1945, 282 Strv 42s were delivered.
After WWII, the Strv 42 was kept in service, but it was soon clear that it would not have enough firepower to defend Sweden against heavier tanks. The benchmark was the Soviet T-34/85 and the Soviet Union regarded as a major threat in the context of the rising tensions between Eastern and Western Blocs after WWII. The smoldering Korean conflict stirred this fear even more. The Soviet threat seemed even more real to Sweden, which - although still neutral - tightened its relations with the West and NATO, even though the country never joined the Atlantic organization.
This neutrality was especially hard to maintain with such proximity to the USSR borders, especially in the Baltic. In fact it would have been nearly impossible to Sweden to not take sides in case of an open war between the two super powers due to this strategic and geographic position.
The Swedish military was therefore more cautious to elaborate on scenarios of a Soviet invasion to model its combined ground, air and naval assets, even though this position was more nuanced on the political side and these realist ties were maintained on a high secrecy level.
Anyway, the armed forces needed modernization and therefore the Swedish Army decided in 1948 to develop and introduce a modernized or even new battle tank, which primarily incorporated a heavier cannon than the Strv 42, coupled with a more effective armor and high mobility.
In 1949 the Swedish government was secretly provided with the option of purchasing the American M46 Patton, but this offer was rejected as the tank was, with more than 45 tons, considered to be too heavy and too bulky for the local terrain and the Swedish Army’s tactical requirements. The same argument also initially turned down an offer for the British Centurion tank during that time. Consequently, the decision was made in the same year to develop a whole new tank around the Swedish Army's specifications.
The original requirements were:
- In order to effectively use a small number of tanks to cover up a large area, the size and weight of the tank had to be light enough for trains or special trucks to carry and to move on soggy ground.
- Due to the above target, the weight of the armor was limited around 25 tons, yet as heavily armored as possible.
- Main cannon had to be bigger than 75mm.
The Strv 42's chassis turned out to be too narrow for a bigger turret that could accommodate the bigger gun, a crew (of three) and a decent ammunition store.
Its armor concept with many vertical surfaces was also outdated, so that the development of a totally new chassis was started.
The new vehicle was aptly designated Strv 50.
The weight was the main concern since if this first constraint was met, the tank could also be transported by a specially modified truck through most major highways. The second constraint couldn't be met due to the mock up development team finding out that the armor would be too thin to protect the vehicle, even if anything was done to slope the surfaces and increase the armor’s effectiveness. As a result, the armor weight constraint was raised to 35 tons for a while.
However, this weight penalty led to delays in the production of the planned Volvo diesel engine, because the tank did not have enough power to attain good mobility with the overall weight raised by 40%.
The Strv 50 was of conventional layout, with a central turret and the engine located at the rear of the hull. The tank had a crew of four: a commander, driver, gunner and loader. A co-driver/radio operator who'd potentially operate a bow machine gun was omitted in order to save weight and internal space.
The hull was welded steel, with a cast steel turret. The maximum armor thickness was 64 mm.
The driver sat at the front right of the hull, with a hatch immediately above him, and three vision periscopes covering the forward arc. To the drivers left was the transmission, which could easily be accessed for servicing by removing a large panel on the front of the hull.
The track was driven from the front and had six rubber road wheels on each side along with three return rollers - inspired by American designs like the M24 or M26. The suspension was a torsion bar system with the first, second and sixth road wheel fitted with hydraulic shock absorbers.
The commander and gunner sat in the turret, with the commander on the right side provided with a large domed cupola with a hatch on the rear of it. The cupola had four vision blocks and a one-meter base stereoscopic rangefinder with x7 magnification. A further 8 mm machine gun could be mounted on the cupola for manual anti-aircraft use.
The gunner did not have a separate hatch and was seated in front of the commander. The gunner had a x6 magnification periscope, as well as a x6 magnification sight. The loader was provided with a hatch.
The main gun was the British 20 pounder cannon with 84 millimeter (3.3 in) caliber, outfitted with a horizontal sliding breach block and a 4.60 m (15 ft) barrel, 55 calibers in length. This weapon's APCBC projectile had a muzzle velocity of 1,020 meters per second and could penetrate 21 cm (8.3 in) of rolled homogeneous armor (RHA), and the alternative armor-piercing discarding sabot projectile even had a muzzle velocity of 1,465 m/s (4,810 ft/s) and could penetrate 30 cm (12 in) of RHA.
The 20-pounder could also fire high-explosive and canister shot. Storage was provided for 18 rounds in the bustle at the rear of the tank, with additional rounds being distributed in various positions inside the tank for a total of 58 rounds.
In the Strv 50 the gun was fitted with a muzzle brake that diverted firing gases sideways and reduced the amount of dust kicked up by firing. The main gun was not stabilized, so firing on the move was impractical, and the vehicle was not fitted with an NBC protection system or deep wading equipment. Three smoke grenade launchers were mounted on each side of the turret.
The tank was originally to be powered by a the proven VL 420 engine from the post-war 42 versions, but the increased total weight called for a more powerful engine. The result was a 570 horsepower Volvo VL 570 turbocharged V-8 engine. The engine was mounted at the rear of the hull and exhausting through pipes on either side of the rear of the hull. It was coupled with a manual electromagnetic ZF 6-speed transmission system.
Tests in 1952 and 1953 were successful, even though the prototypes had to be powered by the old VL 420 engine, the VL 570 only became available towards the end of the trials.
Nevertheless, the tank's modern suspension and good handling were major improvements compared to the 42, as well as the much more effective armor. In December 1953 the Strv 50 was cleared for production and the delivery of the first tanks started in late 1954. In service, the Strv 50 started to replace the WWII 42 in the heavy tank companies of the armored brigades.
However, just as production was turning up, the Soviet T-54/55 appeared on the scene and rendered the Strv 50 in its intended role as a main battle tank almost obsolete. The 20 pounder cannon was still adequate, but the rather lightly armored Strv 50 would not have been a true adversary for the new generation of Soviet tanks - a more heavily armored MBT was needed for the Swedish Army.
Since the Strv 50 did not offer the potential for an effective upgrade towards what was needed, the Swedish government eventually ordered the British Centurion tank as Stridsvagn 81. In consequence, the Strv 50 was relegated to reconnaissance and infantry support roles (much like the light American M41 Walker Bulldog tank) and the planned production of 250 vehicles was drastically cut back to just 80 which were delivered until 1959.
In the 1960s the Swedish ground forces could count on a small, well-equipped professional core and a large conscript army. However, many tanks and armored cars still dated back then from WW2. Some, like the Terrängbil 42D troop transport, were maintained into service until the 1990s while other old models were recycled or modernized. Even the Strv 42 soldiered on and was finally updated in 1958 to the Stridsvagn 74 standard as a supplement to the newly bought Stridsvagn 101 (a more modern Centurion variant with a 105 mm L7 cannon).
The Strv 50 served on until 1984, when it was phased out together with the Strv 74 and superseded by the Strv 103, the famous and unique, turret-less Swedish “S” tank.
Specifications:
Crew Four (commander, gunner, loader, driver)
Weight 35 tonnes
Length 6.03 metres (23 ft in) (hull only)
8,36 metres (27 ft 5 in) with gun forward
Width 2,95 metres (9 ft 6 in)
Height 2.49 metres (8 ft 1 1/2 in) w/o AA machine gun
Suspension: torsion-bar
Ground clearance: 495 to 510 mm (1 ft 7.5 in to 1 ft 8.1 in)
Fuel capacity: 820 l (180 imp gal; 220 US gal)
Armor:
10–64 mm (0.8 – 2.5 in)
Performance:
Speed:
- Maximum, road: 46 km/h (28.5 mph)
- Sustained, road: 40 km/h (25 mph)
- Cross country: 15 to 25 km/h (9.3 to 15.5 mph)
Operational range: 200 km (125 mi)
Power/weight: 17.14 hp/t
Engine:
VL 570 turbocharged V-8 diesel engine with 570 PS (420 kW)
Transmission:
ZF electromagnetic (6 forward and 2 reverse)
Armament:
1× 90 mm kanon strv 50 L55 with 58 rounds
1× co-axial 8mm ksp m/39 strv machine gun with 3.000 rounds
Optional, but rarely used, another 8mm ksp m/39 strv machine gun anti aircraft machine gun
The kit and its assembly:
Another entry for the “Cold War” Group Build at whatifmodelers.com, and, as a shocker, it’s not a fictional aircraft but a tank! I came across Sweden as an operator because the country tested some German tanks (bought from France) after WWII, including the Panzer V ‘Panther’. While I considered a Swedish Army Panther I eventually went for an indigenous design for the late 50ies – the Strv 50 was born.
The basis is a JGSDF Type 61 tank (Trumpeter kit), more or less the whole body and chassis were taken over. The turret is different/new, a mix of a late WWII M4 Sherman (‘Jumbo’) turret from Wee Friends (resin and white metal) coupled with a white metal gun barrel and some implants from the Type 61 tank like the commander’s cupola or the gun mantle.
The result is a rather generic tank with some retro appeal – like a big brother to the M24 Chaffee or M41 Walker Bulldog, or like a dramatically modernized M4 Sherman?
Painting and markings:
Benchmark were pictures of Swedish post-WWII 42 tanks, painted in a disruptive 3 color scheme of grayish green, black and a light, reddish tan. I used FS 34096, RAL 7021 and French Earth Brown (all Modelmaster enamels) as basic tones. In order to give the vehicle a post WWII look I painted the small wheel hub covers in bright red – a decorative detail inspired by British Army vehicles.
Later the surface received a dark brown wash and some dry-brushing with ochre and grey. After decals were applied (all from the scarp box: the Swedish flags come from a H0 scale Roco Minitanks UN units sheet, the numbers are actually German WWII font), the kits was sealed with matt acrylic varnish.
Finally, the tank was treated with grey and brown artist pigments, simulating dust especially around the lower chassis.
The Light Tank M24 was an American light tank used during WWII and the Korean War. The French used it in their Indochina War and in Algeria. In British service it was given the service name Chaffee, after the US Army General Adna R Chaffee, Jr., who helped develop the use of tanks in the US armed forces.
In April 1943 the Ordnance Corps together with Cadillac division of General Motors started work on the Light Tank T24. Every effort was made to keep the weight of the vehicle under 20 tons. The armour was kept light, with the glacis plate only 25mm thick (but sloped at 60° from the vertical). A new lightweight 75mm gun was developed, a derivative of that used in the B-25H Mitchell bomber. The design also featured 16-inch wide tracks and torsion bar suspension. It had relatively low silhouette and a three-man turret. It was produced at two sites; from April 1943 at Cadillac and from July at Massey-Harris. By the time production was stopped in August 1945, 4,731 M24s were built.
The first 34 M24s reached Europe in November 1944 and were issued to the US 2nd Cavalry Group (Mechanised) in France. These were then issued to F Company, 2nd Cavalry Reconnaissance Battalion and F Company, 42nd Cavalry Reconnaissance Battalion which each received 17. During the Battle of the Bulge in December 1944, these units and their new tanks were rushed to the southern sector. Reports from the armoured divisions that received them prior to the end of hostilities were generally positive. Crews liked the improved off-road performance and reliability, but were most appreciative of the 75mm main gun. The M24 was not up to the challenge of fighting German tanks, but the bigger gun at least gave its crews a chance to fight back when it was required. The M24's light armour made it vulnerable to virtually all German tanks, anti-tank guns, and hand-held anti-tank weapons. Its contribution to winning the war in Europe was insignificant, as too few arrived too late.
In the Korean War M24s were the first US tanks to fight the North Korean T-34-85s. The M24 fared poorly against these much better-armed and -armoured medium tanks. M24s were more successful later in the war in their reconnaissance role, supported by heavier tanks such as the M4, M26, and M46. Like other successful WWII designs, the M24 was supplied to many armies around the globe and was used in local conflicts long after it had been replaced in the US Army. France employed its M24s in Indochina in infantry support missions, with good results. In December 1953 10 disassembled Chaffees were transported by air to provide fire support to the garrison at Dien Bien Phu. They fired about 15,000 shells in the long siege that followed before the Viet Minh forces conquered the camp in May 1954. France also deployed the M24 in Algeria. The last time the M24 is known to have been in action was in the Indo-Pakistani War of 1971, where some 66 Pakistani Chaffees stationed in Bangladesh were easy prey for Indian Army T-55s, PT-76s, and anti-tank teams. Although both Iran and Iraq had M24s prior to the Iran–Iraq War, there is no report of their use in that conflict.
In 1972 the Norwegian Army decided to retain 54 of their 123 M24 light tanks as reconnaissance vehicles after they were substantially rebuilt under the designation NM-116. It was calculated that the NM-116 rebuilding programme cost only about a third as much as contemporary light tanks. The original 75mm Gun M6 L/39 was replaced with a French D-925 90mm low-pressure gun, with a coax M2 .50-calibre HMG. The bow gunner position was eliminated in favour of ammunition stowage. The NM-116 were retired from service in 1993. The Chilean Army up-gunned their M24s in the mid-80s to the IMI-OTO 60mm Hyper Velocity Medium Support (HVMS) gun, with comparable performance to a standard 90mm gun. Chile operated this version until 1999. Uruguay continues to use 17 M24s, modernised with new engines and 76mm guns which can fire APFSDS rounds.
Target Tanks at Cape Pyla. Military graveyard in Kato Pyla , near Xylofagou village.Xylofagou is a sprawling Greek-Cypriot village situated close to the A3 Motorway between Dhekelia and Paralimni. It lies on the northern flank of a hill, on the edge of an area of a group of several similar villages known as the "Kokkinochoria", known for growing vegetables, especially potatoes, in red soil.
+++ DISCLAIMER +++
Nothing you see here is real, even though the conversion or the presented background story might be based on historical facts. BEWARE!
Some background:
Towards the end of WWII, the Swedish Army's main tank was the Stridsvagen 42. It was a medium tank, modern in design and it was also well protected and mobile. It fielded a 75 mm L/34 gun, the first of its size in a Swedish tank and entered service with the Swedish army in November 1941. As a neutral nation in World War II Sweden did not engage in combat; thus its tanks had no battlefield record. Between April 1943 to January 1945, 282 Strv 42s were delivered.
After WWII, the Strv 42 was kept in service, but it was soon clear that it would not have enough firepower to defend Sweden against heavier tanks. The benchmark was the Soviet T-34/85 and the Soviet Union regarded as a major threat in the context of the rising tensions between Eastern and Western Blocs after WWII. The smoldering Korean conflict stirred this fear even more. The Soviet threat seemed even more real to Sweden, which - although still neutral - tightened its relations with the West and NATO, even though the country never joined the Atlantic organization.
This neutrality was especially hard to maintain with such proximity to the USSR borders, especially in the Baltic. In fact it would have been nearly impossible to Sweden to not take sides in case of an open war between the two super powers due to this strategic and geographic position.
The Swedish military was therefore more cautious to elaborate on scenarios of a Soviet invasion to model its combined ground, air and naval assets, even though this position was more nuanced on the political side and these realist ties were maintained on a high secrecy level.
Anyway, the armed forces needed modernization and therefore the Swedish Army decided in 1948 to develop and introduce a modernized or even new battle tank, which primarily incorporated a heavier cannon than the Strv 42, coupled with a more effective armor and high mobility.
In 1949 the Swedish government was secretly provided with the option of purchasing the American M46 Patton, but this offer was rejected as the tank was, with more than 45 tons, considered to be too heavy and too bulky for the local terrain and the Swedish Army’s tactical requirements. The same argument also initially turned down an offer for the British Centurion tank during that time. Consequently, the decision was made in the same year to develop a whole new tank around the Swedish Army's specifications.
The original requirements were:
- In order to effectively use a small number of tanks to cover up a large area, the size and weight of the tank had to be light enough for trains or special trucks to carry and to move on soggy ground.
- Due to the above target, the weight of the armor was limited around 25 tons, yet as heavily armored as possible.
- Main cannon had to be bigger than 75mm.
The Strv 42's chassis turned out to be too narrow for a bigger turret that could accommodate the bigger gun, a crew (of three) and a decent ammunition store.
Its armor concept with many vertical surfaces was also outdated, so that the development of a totally new chassis was started.
The new vehicle was aptly designated Strv 50.
The weight was the main concern since if this first constraint was met, the tank could also be transported by a specially modified truck through most major highways. The second constraint couldn't be met due to the mock up development team finding out that the armor would be too thin to protect the vehicle, even if anything was done to slope the surfaces and increase the armor’s effectiveness. As a result, the armor weight constraint was raised to 35 tons for a while.
However, this weight penalty led to delays in the production of the planned Volvo diesel engine, because the tank did not have enough power to attain good mobility with the overall weight raised by 40%.
The Strv 50 was of conventional layout, with a central turret and the engine located at the rear of the hull. The tank had a crew of four: a commander, driver, gunner and loader. A co-driver/radio operator who'd potentially operate a bow machine gun was omitted in order to save weight and internal space.
The hull was welded steel, with a cast steel turret. The maximum armor thickness was 64 mm.
The driver sat at the front right of the hull, with a hatch immediately above him, and three vision periscopes covering the forward arc. To the drivers left was the transmission, which could easily be accessed for servicing by removing a large panel on the front of the hull.
The track was driven from the front and had six rubber road wheels on each side along with three return rollers - inspired by American designs like the M24 or M26. The suspension was a torsion bar system with the first, second and sixth road wheel fitted with hydraulic shock absorbers.
The commander and gunner sat in the turret, with the commander on the right side provided with a large domed cupola with a hatch on the rear of it. The cupola had four vision blocks and a one-meter base stereoscopic rangefinder with x7 magnification. A further 8 mm machine gun could be mounted on the cupola for manual anti-aircraft use.
The gunner did not have a separate hatch and was seated in front of the commander. The gunner had a x6 magnification periscope, as well as a x6 magnification sight. The loader was provided with a hatch.
The main gun was the British 20 pounder cannon with 84 millimeter (3.3 in) caliber, outfitted with a horizontal sliding breach block and a 4.60 m (15 ft) barrel, 55 calibers in length. This weapon's APCBC projectile had a muzzle velocity of 1,020 meters per second and could penetrate 21 cm (8.3 in) of rolled homogeneous armor (RHA), and the alternative armor-piercing discarding sabot projectile even had a muzzle velocity of 1,465 m/s (4,810 ft/s) and could penetrate 30 cm (12 in) of RHA.
The 20-pounder could also fire high-explosive and canister shot. Storage was provided for 18 rounds in the bustle at the rear of the tank, with additional rounds being distributed in various positions inside the tank for a total of 58 rounds.
In the Strv 50 the gun was fitted with a muzzle brake that diverted firing gases sideways and reduced the amount of dust kicked up by firing. The main gun was not stabilized, so firing on the move was impractical, and the vehicle was not fitted with an NBC protection system or deep wading equipment. Three smoke grenade launchers were mounted on each side of the turret.
The tank was originally to be powered by a the proven VL 420 engine from the post-war 42 versions, but the increased total weight called for a more powerful engine. The result was a 570 horsepower Volvo VL 570 turbocharged V-8 engine. The engine was mounted at the rear of the hull and exhausting through pipes on either side of the rear of the hull. It was coupled with a manual electromagnetic ZF 6-speed transmission system.
Tests in 1952 and 1953 were successful, even though the prototypes had to be powered by the old VL 420 engine, the VL 570 only became available towards the end of the trials.
Nevertheless, the tank's modern suspension and good handling were major improvements compared to the 42, as well as the much more effective armor. In December 1953 the Strv 50 was cleared for production and the delivery of the first tanks started in late 1954. In service, the Strv 50 started to replace the WWII 42 in the heavy tank companies of the armored brigades.
However, just as production was turning up, the Soviet T-54/55 appeared on the scene and rendered the Strv 50 in its intended role as a main battle tank almost obsolete. The 20 pounder cannon was still adequate, but the rather lightly armored Strv 50 would not have been a true adversary for the new generation of Soviet tanks - a more heavily armored MBT was needed for the Swedish Army.
Since the Strv 50 did not offer the potential for an effective upgrade towards what was needed, the Swedish government eventually ordered the British Centurion tank as Stridsvagn 81. In consequence, the Strv 50 was relegated to reconnaissance and infantry support roles (much like the light American M41 Walker Bulldog tank) and the planned production of 250 vehicles was drastically cut back to just 80 which were delivered until 1959.
In the 1960s the Swedish ground forces could count on a small, well-equipped professional core and a large conscript army. However, many tanks and armored cars still dated back then from WW2. Some, like the Terrängbil 42D troop transport, were maintained into service until the 1990s while other old models were recycled or modernized. Even the Strv 42 soldiered on and was finally updated in 1958 to the Stridsvagn 74 standard as a supplement to the newly bought Stridsvagn 101 (a more modern Centurion variant with a 105 mm L7 cannon).
The Strv 50 served on until 1984, when it was phased out together with the Strv 74 and superseded by the Strv 103, the famous and unique, turret-less Swedish “S” tank.
Specifications:
Crew Four (commander, gunner, loader, driver)
Weight 35 tonnes
Length 6.03 metres (23 ft in) (hull only)
8,36 metres (27 ft 5 in) with gun forward
Width 2,95 metres (9 ft 6 in)
Height 2.49 metres (8 ft 1 1/2 in) w/o AA machine gun
Suspension: torsion-bar
Ground clearance: 495 to 510 mm (1 ft 7.5 in to 1 ft 8.1 in)
Fuel capacity: 820 l (180 imp gal; 220 US gal)
Armor:
10–64 mm (0.8 – 2.5 in)
Performance:
Speed:
- Maximum, road: 46 km/h (28.5 mph)
- Sustained, road: 40 km/h (25 mph)
- Cross country: 15 to 25 km/h (9.3 to 15.5 mph)
Operational range: 200 km (125 mi)
Power/weight: 17.14 hp/t
Engine:
VL 570 turbocharged V-8 diesel engine with 570 PS (420 kW)
Transmission:
ZF electromagnetic (6 forward and 2 reverse)
Armament:
1× 90 mm kanon strv 50 L55 with 58 rounds
1× co-axial 8mm ksp m/39 strv machine gun with 3.000 rounds
Optional, but rarely used, another 8mm ksp m/39 strv machine gun anti aircraft machine gun
The kit and its assembly:
Another entry for the “Cold War” Group Build at whatifmodelers.com, and, as a shocker, it’s not a fictional aircraft but a tank! I came across Sweden as an operator because the country tested some German tanks (bought from France) after WWII, including the Panzer V ‘Panther’. While I considered a Swedish Army Panther I eventually went for an indigenous design for the late 50ies – the Strv 50 was born.
The basis is a JGSDF Type 61 tank (Trumpeter kit), more or less the whole body and chassis were taken over. The turret is different/new, a mix of a late WWII M4 Sherman (‘Jumbo’) turret from Wee Friends (resin and white metal) coupled with a white metal gun barrel and some implants from the Type 61 tank like the commander’s cupola or the gun mantle.
The result is a rather generic tank with some retro appeal – like a big brother to the M24 Chaffee or M41 Walker Bulldog, or like a dramatically modernized M4 Sherman?
Painting and markings:
Benchmark were pictures of Swedish post-WWII 42 tanks, painted in a disruptive 3 color scheme of grayish green, black and a light, reddish tan. I used FS 34096, RAL 7021 and French Earth Brown (all Modelmaster enamels) as basic tones. In order to give the vehicle a post WWII look I painted the small wheel hub covers in bright red – a decorative detail inspired by British Army vehicles.
Later the surface received a dark brown wash and some dry-brushing with ochre and grey. After decals were applied (all from the scarp box: the Swedish flags come from a H0 scale Roco Minitanks UN units sheet, the numbers are actually German WWII font), the kits was sealed with matt acrylic varnish.
Finally, the tank was treated with grey and brown artist pigments, simulating dust especially around the lower chassis.
This photo is of the 3rd Transportation Military Railway Service (TMRS), Headquarters Company complex located in Yongsan, Korea, at the western base of Namsan Mountain in the former Yongsan Middle School. The 3rd TMRS controlled all military rail movements of troops and war materials during the Korean War. It was composed of the 712th and 724th Transportation Railway Operating Battalions (TROB) and the 765th Transportation Railway Shop Battalion (TRSB). The 712th TROB, which was headquartered at Yongdungpo, handled all rail traffic north of Taejon. The 724th, which was headquartered at Pusan, handled all rail traffic from Pusan to Taejon. The 765th was headquartered at Pusan.
For an excellent discussion of the 3rd TMRS, please see
www.transchool.eustis.army.mil/museum/KoreaRail.htm
The temple on top the hill in the right side of the photo is part of a Shinto Temple complex that had been built by the Japanese when they occupied Korea. These temples were at the top of the 1,000 Steps landmark which was near to the Seoul Railway Station in downtown Seoul.
A map showing the location of the 3rd TMRS compound is at www.flickr.com/photos/dmclean2009/3595844985/
NGC 2440 is a showpiece among Planetary Nebulae. This is one of the easiest Planetary Nebulae to see. No need for a specialized nebula filter for this object. Very bright and concentrated. Because this nebula shows multiple wing patches in large professional telescopes, it has picked up several common names. Bat Planetary Nebula, Albino Butterfly, Kiss Nebula, and Little Lips Nebula to name a few. But in my experience, using smaller amateur telescopes it will always be the Horseshoe Planetary Nebula (although, no one else calls it that).
In the 110mm refractor at low power, NGC 2440 appears as a star-like fuzzy dot. There is an 8.4 magnitude light-colored orangish star (HD 62167) just to the east of it. NGC 2440 handles magnification well and one can push the telescope upwards in power until the atmosphere starts degrading the view. Although, in amateur telescopes one cannot make out the famous individual wing patches, the nebula definitely shows detail. With the 110mm refractor at 257x (the best power I could get for the night of the drawing) it appeared, to me, as a grainy horseshoe open at the north end. The eastern edge of the horseshoe was brighter and thicker than the western edge, but not by much.
An easy way to find NGC 2440, if you are using an equatorial mount, is to just drop the telescope 3.2 degrees south after viewing the bright Open Cluster M46. You cannot miss it.
To see additional astronomy drawings visit: www.orrastrodrawing.com
Magyar Vasúttörténeti Park Alapítványt: on July 14, 2000, the museum of the railways of Hungary was opened to the public, in a large space of 70,000 square meters, located in the former Budapest North Depot of the Hungarian State Railways (MÁV). The exhibition has a hundred vehicles and numerous memorabilia pieces.
Diesel locomotive M46.200. The nine M46 "Kispúpos" diesel locomotives were built by Ganz-MÁVAG between 1961 and 1964.
21x60 seconds iso1600 with Canon EOS 5Dmk2 and Skywatcher Esprit 100ED APO refractor on AZ EQ5-GT.
Processed in DSS (DeepSkyStacker) and Startools. The planetary nebula NGC2438 (mag 10.8) is already clearly visible on the 60 sec sub.
OLYMPUS DIGITAL CAMERA
Am Samstag, den 24. Mai 2014, wurden diese Aufnahmen von der zum 25-jahrigen Bestehen stattfindende Traditionsfahrt des ATB (= Arbeitsgemeinschaft Traditionsbus Berlin) gemacht.
Aus diesem Anlaß wurde die ehemaligen Linie 73 - jetzige OL M46 sowie vormalige Buslinie 146 als befahrene Linie auserkoren, den die Verbindung Zoo – Britz blickt auf eine 115 jährige Geschichte zurück. Am 24. Mai 2014 waren die ATB-Busse 70 (ex LVG), 237, 1629, 1658, 1666, 1957, 2100, 2208, 2329, 2437, 2556 + 2626 sowie der BVG-Bus 3233 (mit Folienbeklebung für den ATB) unterwegs. Desweiteren wurden einige weitere aktuelle BVG-Busse sowie ehemalige BVG-Busse aufgenommen, die heute als Stadtrundfahren-Busse unterwegs sind.
Einige noch zusätzlich mit dem Fotoapparat aufgenommenen Videos werden aufgrund der schlechten Qualität von mir nicht eingestellt, sodass es hierdurch keine bildliche Dokumentation vom 237 + 1957 gibt.
Weitere Hinweise gibt es auf der ATB-Homepage www.traditionsbus.de/index.htm
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- Britz, Gradestraße -
Am Samstag, den 24. Mai 2014, wurden diese Aufnahmen von der zum 25-jahrigen Bestehen stattfindende Traditionsfahrt des ATB (= Arbeitsgemeinschaft Traditionsbus Berlin) gemacht.
Aus diesem Anlaß wurde die ehemaligen Linie 73 - jetzige OL M46 sowie vormalige Buslinie 146 als befahrene Linie auserkoren, den die Verbindung Zoo – Britz blickt auf eine 115 jährige Geschichte zurück. Am 24. Mai 2014 waren die ATB-Busse 70 (ex LVG), 237, 1629, 1658, 1666, 1957, 2100, 2208, 2329, 2437, 2556 + 2626 sowie der BVG-Bus 3233 (mit Folienbeklebung für den ATB) unterwegs. Desweiteren wurden einige weitere aktuelle BVG-Busse sowie ehemalige BVG-Busse aufgenommen, die heute als Stadtrundfahren-Busse unterwegs sind.
Einige noch zusätzlich mit dem Fotoapparat aufgenommenen Videos werden aufgrund der schlechten Qualität von mir nicht eingestellt, sodass es hierdurch keine bildliche Dokumentation vom 237 + 1957 gibt.
Weitere Hinweise gibt es auf der ATB-Homepage www.traditionsbus.de/index.htm
I took this early morning shot of an M46 Patton medium tank in the Ch'at'an-ch'on Valley near where it enters the Chorwon Valley just west of the town of Chorwon (the southwest corner of the Iron Triangle). This valley is the classical invasion route to Seoul from the north.
I took this photo at the time of the great Battle of White Horse Mountain in October 1952. My photo titled "Chorwon Road Sign, Iron Triangle" shows White Horse Mountain on the north side of the Chorwon Valley.
OLYMPUS DIGITAL CAMERA
Am Samstag, den 24. Mai 2014, wurden diese Aufnahmen von der zum 25-jahrigen Bestehen stattfindende Traditionsfahrt des ATB (= Arbeitsgemeinschaft Traditionsbus Berlin) gemacht.
Aus diesem Anlaß wurde die ehemaligen Linie 73 - jetzige OL M46 sowie vormalige Buslinie 146 als befahrene Linie auserkoren, den die Verbindung Zoo – Britz blickt auf eine 115 jährige Geschichte zurück. Am 24. Mai 2014 waren die ATB-Busse 70 (ex LVG), 237, 1629, 1658, 1666, 1957, 2100, 2208, 2329, 2437, 2556 + 2626 sowie der BVG-Bus 3233 (mit Folienbeklebung für den ATB) unterwegs. Desweiteren wurden einige weitere aktuelle BVG-Busse sowie ehemalige BVG-Busse aufgenommen, die heute als Stadtrundfahren-Busse unterwegs sind.
Einige noch zusätzlich mit dem Fotoapparat aufgenommenen Videos werden aufgrund der schlechten Qualität von mir nicht eingestellt, sodass es hierdurch keine bildliche Dokumentation vom 237 + 1957 gibt.
Weitere Hinweise gibt es auf der ATB-Homepage www.traditionsbus.de/index.htm
PACIFIC OCEAN (Jan. 19, 2023) U.S. Navy Sailors hoist a Mark 46 torpedo on the flight deck of the Arleigh Burke-class guided-missile destroyer USS Paul Hamilton (DDG 60). Paul Hamilton, part of the Nimitz Carrier Strike Group (CSG), is underway conducting routine operations. (U.S. Navy photo by Mass Communication Specialist 2nd Class Elliot Schaudt)
3rd TMRS Sintanni Line, October 1952. I took this photo of a GM-EMD SW8 Diesel Locomotive #2034 powered supply train operated by the 712th TROB taking supplies to the front lines during the Battle of White Horse Mountain shortly after departing Taekwangni on my return to Seoul. I was on the troop train on the siding on the right side of the photo.
According to Dave Kaufman, #2034 was the last SW8 on the Army roster. It was retired two years ago from Fort Sill, OK, and is now at the Oklahoma Railway Museum in Oklahoma City.
In October 1950, the 62nd Engineers completed construction of the new Han River railway bridge at Seoul, Korea, and a test locomotive crossed the bridge. In June 1951, the first test train crossed the bridge. This photo is of the Dedication Ceremony for the bridge at the time the first passenger train crossed it. Attendants to the ceremony, and passengers in that train, were Lt. General James A. Van Fleet, and Dr. Syngman Rhee, President of the Republic of Korea, and many other dignitaries.
The new bridge is on the right edge of the photo.
For earlier photos of the bridge, see
www.history.army.mil/photos/Korea/kwengin/hanrail.htm
Pre-war photos of the Han River bridges can be seen on Kernbeisser's site at
www.flickr.com/photos/kernbeisser/3781922408/in/set-72157...
This photo shows my brother-in-law, Jerry Hartman (on the right), during the Battle of the Kumsong Salient, the largest battle of the last two years of the Korean War, in July 1953. I took this photo a few days before the cease-fire that ended the shooting phase of the war. Jerry, a member of the 58th Field Artillery Battalion, 3rd Infantry Division, is standing beside an M-16 (a half-track on which were mounted quadruple .50-caliber machine guns) belonging to the 3rd Anti-Aircraft Artillery AW Battalion. An unidentified member of the 3rd Anti-Aircraft Artillery AW Battalion is on the left side of the photo.
The front line was situated along the ridges at the top of the photo where the 65th Infantry Regiment, 3rd Infantry Division, was dug in along the ridge crests. The M-16, positioned among the 58th FAB 105 mm howitzers, was fired routinely, its bullets skimming over the 65th Infantry Regiment positions to impact on Communist Chinese Forces positions out in No-mans-land, and beyond.
+++ DISCLAIMER +++
Nothing you see here is real, even though the conversion or the presented background story might be based on historical facts. BEWARE!
Some background:
Towards the end of WWII, the Swedish Army's main tank was the Stridsvagen 42. It was a medium tank, modern in design and it was also well protected and mobile. It fielded a 75 mm L/34 gun, the first of its size in a Swedish tank and entered service with the Swedish army in November 1941. As a neutral nation in World War II Sweden did not engage in combat; thus its tanks had no battlefield record. Between April 1943 to January 1945, 282 Strv 42s were delivered.
After WWII, the Strv 42 was kept in service, but it was soon clear that it would not have enough firepower to defend Sweden against heavier tanks. The benchmark was the Soviet T-34/85 and the Soviet Union regarded as a major threat in the context of the rising tensions between Eastern and Western Blocs after WWII. The smoldering Korean conflict stirred this fear even more. The Soviet threat seemed even more real to Sweden, which - although still neutral - tightened its relations with the West and NATO, even though the country never joined the Atlantic organization.
This neutrality was especially hard to maintain with such proximity to the USSR borders, especially in the Baltic. In fact it would have been nearly impossible to Sweden to not take sides in case of an open war between the two super powers due to this strategic and geographic position.
The Swedish military was therefore more cautious to elaborate on scenarios of a Soviet invasion to model its combined ground, air and naval assets, even though this position was more nuanced on the political side and these realist ties were maintained on a high secrecy level.
Anyway, the armed forces needed modernization and therefore the Swedish Army decided in 1948 to develop and introduce a modernized or even new battle tank, which primarily incorporated a heavier cannon than the Strv 42, coupled with a more effective armor and high mobility.
In 1949 the Swedish government was secretly provided with the option of purchasing the American M46 Patton, but this offer was rejected as the tank was, with more than 45 tons, considered to be too heavy and too bulky for the local terrain and the Swedish Army’s tactical requirements. The same argument also initially turned down an offer for the British Centurion tank during that time. Consequently, the decision was made in the same year to develop a whole new tank around the Swedish Army's specifications.
The original requirements were:
- In order to effectively use a small number of tanks to cover up a large area, the size and weight of the tank had to be light enough for trains or special trucks to carry and to move on soggy ground.
- Due to the above target, the weight of the armor was limited around 25 tons, yet as heavily armored as possible.
- Main cannon had to be bigger than 75mm.
The Strv 42's chassis turned out to be too narrow for a bigger turret that could accommodate the bigger gun, a crew (of three) and a decent ammunition store.
Its armor concept with many vertical surfaces was also outdated, so that the development of a totally new chassis was started.
The new vehicle was aptly designated Strv 50.
The weight was the main concern since if this first constraint was met, the tank could also be transported by a specially modified truck through most major highways. The second constraint couldn't be met due to the mock up development team finding out that the armor would be too thin to protect the vehicle, even if anything was done to slope the surfaces and increase the armor’s effectiveness. As a result, the armor weight constraint was raised to 35 tons for a while.
However, this weight penalty led to delays in the production of the planned Volvo diesel engine, because the tank did not have enough power to attain good mobility with the overall weight raised by 40%.
The Strv 50 was of conventional layout, with a central turret and the engine located at the rear of the hull. The tank had a crew of four: a commander, driver, gunner and loader. A co-driver/radio operator who'd potentially operate a bow machine gun was omitted in order to save weight and internal space.
The hull was welded steel, with a cast steel turret. The maximum armor thickness was 64 mm.
The driver sat at the front right of the hull, with a hatch immediately above him, and three vision periscopes covering the forward arc. To the drivers left was the transmission, which could easily be accessed for servicing by removing a large panel on the front of the hull.
The track was driven from the front and had six rubber road wheels on each side along with three return rollers - inspired by American designs like the M24 or M26. The suspension was a torsion bar system with the first, second and sixth road wheel fitted with hydraulic shock absorbers.
The commander and gunner sat in the turret, with the commander on the right side provided with a large domed cupola with a hatch on the rear of it. The cupola had four vision blocks and a one-meter base stereoscopic rangefinder with x7 magnification. A further 8 mm machine gun could be mounted on the cupola for manual anti-aircraft use.
The gunner did not have a separate hatch and was seated in front of the commander. The gunner had a x6 magnification periscope, as well as a x6 magnification sight. The loader was provided with a hatch.
The main gun was the British 20 pounder cannon with 84 millimeter (3.3 in) caliber, outfitted with a horizontal sliding breach block and a 4.60 m (15 ft) barrel, 55 calibers in length. This weapon's APCBC projectile had a muzzle velocity of 1,020 meters per second and could penetrate 21 cm (8.3 in) of rolled homogeneous armor (RHA), and the alternative armor-piercing discarding sabot projectile even had a muzzle velocity of 1,465 m/s (4,810 ft/s) and could penetrate 30 cm (12 in) of RHA.
The 20-pounder could also fire high-explosive and canister shot. Storage was provided for 18 rounds in the bustle at the rear of the tank, with additional rounds being distributed in various positions inside the tank for a total of 58 rounds.
In the Strv 50 the gun was fitted with a muzzle brake that diverted firing gases sideways and reduced the amount of dust kicked up by firing. The main gun was not stabilized, so firing on the move was impractical, and the vehicle was not fitted with an NBC protection system or deep wading equipment. Three smoke grenade launchers were mounted on each side of the turret.
The tank was originally to be powered by a the proven VL 420 engine from the post-war 42 versions, but the increased total weight called for a more powerful engine. The result was a 570 horsepower Volvo VL 570 turbocharged V-8 engine. The engine was mounted at the rear of the hull and exhausting through pipes on either side of the rear of the hull. It was coupled with a manual electromagnetic ZF 6-speed transmission system.
Tests in 1952 and 1953 were successful, even though the prototypes had to be powered by the old VL 420 engine, the VL 570 only became available towards the end of the trials.
Nevertheless, the tank's modern suspension and good handling were major improvements compared to the 42, as well as the much more effective armor. In December 1953 the Strv 50 was cleared for production and the delivery of the first tanks started in late 1954. In service, the Strv 50 started to replace the WWII 42 in the heavy tank companies of the armored brigades.
However, just as production was turning up, the Soviet T-54/55 appeared on the scene and rendered the Strv 50 in its intended role as a main battle tank almost obsolete. The 20 pounder cannon was still adequate, but the rather lightly armored Strv 50 would not have been a true adversary for the new generation of Soviet tanks - a more heavily armored MBT was needed for the Swedish Army.
Since the Strv 50 did not offer the potential for an effective upgrade towards what was needed, the Swedish government eventually ordered the British Centurion tank as Stridsvagn 81. In consequence, the Strv 50 was relegated to reconnaissance and infantry support roles (much like the light American M41 Walker Bulldog tank) and the planned production of 250 vehicles was drastically cut back to just 80 which were delivered until 1959.
In the 1960s the Swedish ground forces could count on a small, well-equipped professional core and a large conscript army. However, many tanks and armored cars still dated back then from WW2. Some, like the Terrängbil 42D troop transport, were maintained into service until the 1990s while other old models were recycled or modernized. Even the Strv 42 soldiered on and was finally updated in 1958 to the Stridsvagn 74 standard as a supplement to the newly bought Stridsvagn 101 (a more modern Centurion variant with a 105 mm L7 cannon).
The Strv 50 served on until 1984, when it was phased out together with the Strv 74 and superseded by the Strv 103, the famous and unique, turret-less Swedish “S” tank.
Specifications:
Crew Four (commander, gunner, loader, driver)
Weight 35 tonnes
Length 6.03 metres (23 ft in) (hull only)
8,36 metres (27 ft 5 in) with gun forward
Width 2,95 metres (9 ft 6 in)
Height 2.49 metres (8 ft 1 1/2 in) w/o AA machine gun
Suspension: torsion-bar
Ground clearance: 495 to 510 mm (1 ft 7.5 in to 1 ft 8.1 in)
Fuel capacity: 820 l (180 imp gal; 220 US gal)
Armor:
10–64 mm (0.8 – 2.5 in)
Performance:
Speed:
- Maximum, road: 46 km/h (28.5 mph)
- Sustained, road: 40 km/h (25 mph)
- Cross country: 15 to 25 km/h (9.3 to 15.5 mph)
Operational range: 200 km (125 mi)
Power/weight: 17.14 hp/t
Engine:
VL 570 turbocharged V-8 diesel engine with 570 PS (420 kW)
Transmission:
ZF electromagnetic (6 forward and 2 reverse)
Armament:
1× 90 mm kanon strv 50 L55 with 58 rounds
1× co-axial 8mm ksp m/39 strv machine gun with 3.000 rounds
Optional, but rarely used, another 8mm ksp m/39 strv machine gun anti aircraft machine gun
The kit and its assembly:
Another entry for the “Cold War” Group Build at whatifmodelers.com, and, as a shocker, it’s not a fictional aircraft but a tank! I came across Sweden as an operator because the country tested some German tanks (bought from France) after WWII, including the Panzer V ‘Panther’. While I considered a Swedish Army Panther I eventually went for an indigenous design for the late 50ies – the Strv 50 was born.
The basis is a JGSDF Type 61 tank (Trumpeter kit), more or less the whole body and chassis were taken over. The turret is different/new, a mix of a late WWII M4 Sherman (‘Jumbo’) turret from Wee Friends (resin and white metal) coupled with a white metal gun barrel and some implants from the Type 61 tank like the commander’s cupola or the gun mantle.
The result is a rather generic tank with some retro appeal – like a big brother to the M24 Chaffee or M41 Walker Bulldog, or like a dramatically modernized M4 Sherman?
Painting and markings:
Benchmark were pictures of Swedish post-WWII 42 tanks, painted in a disruptive 3 color scheme of grayish green, black and a light, reddish tan. I used FS 34096, RAL 7021 and French Earth Brown (all Modelmaster enamels) as basic tones. In order to give the vehicle a post WWII look I painted the small wheel hub covers in bright red – a decorative detail inspired by British Army vehicles.
Later the surface received a dark brown wash and some dry-brushing with ochre and grey. After decals were applied (all from the scarp box: the Swedish flags come from a H0 scale Roco Minitanks UN units sheet, the numbers are actually German WWII font), the kits was sealed with matt acrylic varnish.
Finally, the tank was treated with grey and brown artist pigments, simulating dust especially around the lower chassis.
Here it is! my first big project since getting back from Brickcon. I feel this is my best tank yet! It features a removable turret, a semi detailed interior. and gear and other equipment stored on it. Printed rivet tiles from Citizen Brick. .30 Cal by Brickarms.
Background on M26: The Medium/Heavy Tank M26 Pershing is an American tank, classified as both a medium tank and a heavy tank, that was briefly used both in World War II and in the Korean War. It was named after General John J. Pershing, who led the American Expeditionary Force in Europe in World War I. Development of the M26 during World War II was prolonged by a number of factors, the most important being opposition to the tank from Army Ground Forces (AGF). As a result, only the initial 20 M26 (T26E3) tanks deployed to Europe in January 1945 saw combat in World War II.[1] The M26 and its improved derivative, the M46 Patton, both saw more combat in Korea. The M26 was underpowered and mechanically unreliable and so was withdrawn from Korea in 1951, in favor of the M46, which had a more powerful engine.[2] The lineage of the M26 continued with the M47 Patton, and was reflected in the new designs of the later M48 Patton and M60 Combat Tank.
Check out the other views here:
www.flickr.com/photos/articcommando12/8192971293/in/photo...
www.flickr.com/photos/articcommando12/8192970549/in/photo...
Thanks for viewing!
Messier 47 / M47 / NGC 2422
Messier 46 / M47 / NGC 2437
NGC 2438
M47 (left) is a young, loose open cluster about 1,600 light-years away. It is estimated to be 78 million years old. M46 (right) is an older, richer cluster about 5,000 light-years away. It is estimated to be 250 million years old, much older than M47. These clusters happen to appear close together by chance.
Also by coincidence, the planetary nebula NGC 2438 appears "within" M46 (5 o'clock position). However, it is 3,600 light-years closer to us. This nebula is the shell of ionized gas ejected from a dying star about 4,000 years ago.
Total integration: 6 hours 59.5 minutes (419.5 minutes)
01/26/20: 56 x 120 seconds ISO400
02/03/20: 1 x 90 seconds ISO400
02/03/20: 153 x 120 seconds ISO400
Location: Charlottesville, VA
SQM: 19.22 mag/arcsec^2 (Bortle 6)
Camera: Canon T3i (stock/unmodified)
Average camera temperature: 81 F (27 C)
Telescope: Explore Scientific ED80 f/6.0 Apochromatic Refractor (with ES field flattener)
Mount: Orion Sirius EQ-G
Guide scope: Svbony 50mm f/4.0 Guide Scope
Guide camera: Orion StarShoot AutoGuider
Software: N.I.N.A. with ASTAP (slewing and plate solving), PHD2 (guiding), Magic Lantern (image capture)
Pre-processed with PixInsight, processed with PixInsight and Paint.NET
L4.72W2.53H1.87M700 • Cₓ1.1 • 1.4MW, 8,834Nm, 12kHz, η>99%
18kg Li₂O₂ EVB, 40MJ/kg, 720MJ • 340kph • 0-100kph→1.8s, 1.5g₀
HH RIPSAW ⚡AV3F1 is the fastest and most maneuverable dual tracked ÆAV ever developed, with MC G-CNT STANAG 4569L6 NBC hull, forged β-Ti ERC, 2 × 2.8 × 0.4 m² CP, 406 mm ST, 528 mm AGC, Li-Fi, DBWL, TVS, TVPJ. Compared to analogous GP systems, CTT distributes vehicle's forces on a greater ground area, with enhanced handlings on harsh, steep slopes, better flotation over obstacles, lower rolling resistance, greater traction and acceleration, reducing soil compression and compaction without sinking on loose & impervious terrain even at low speed. Wheeled vehicles require much larger overall size and higher levels of mechanical complexity to achieve comparable cross-country mobility (e.g. G6).
REFERENCES
E.G.F. Regina 2025: X4æ specs & layout.
M. Guiggiani 2022: Vehicle dynamics science.
T. Li 2022: Vehicle/tire/road dynamics.
J.M. Jafferson & H. Sharma 2021: 3DP airless tires.
S. Arora & al. 2021: Heavy duty e-vehicles.
D. Venter 2020: ZA AFVs, pp. 38-44.
T. Yildiz 2019: Carbon fiber shipping container design.
W. Zhu & al. 2019: Ti-5Al-4Zr-8Mo-7V βc-Ti.
N. Pugh 2019: AdAstra 2 rover.
A. Walker 2018: DARPA GXV-T final demonstrations.
B. Maclaurin 2018: High speed off-road vehicles.
P. Nilsson 2018: TO of swing arm for CTTV.
C.C. Tutum & al. 2018: FGD & AM.
G. Palmer 2017: RSI Ursa rover 2945.
N. Aage & al. 2017: GVCMG for structural design.
R. McCallen & al. 2016: Heavy vehicle aerodynamics I-III.
A.M. Nawrat 2014: Tracked vehicle innovative control systems.
G. Mastinu & M. Plöchl 2014: Road & OTR vehicle dynamics.
A.L. Gain & al. 2013: TO using polytopes.
Ü. Özgüner & al. 2011: Autonomous ground vehicles.
A.F. Andreev & al. 2010: Ground vehicle driveline systems.
J.Y. Wong 2009: Terramechanics & off-road vehicle engineering.
V. Asnani & al. 2009: Lunar roving vehicle wheels.
T. Muro & J. O'Brien 2004: Terramechanics.
A.B. Pandey 2001: ASMHB, v. 21, pp. 395-404.
B. DeLong 2000: 4-wheel freedom.
S. Laughery & al. 2000: Vehicle mobility & Bekker's equations.
D. Cebon 1999: Vehicle-road interaction.
J.P. Kelche & al. 1997: FINABEL 20A5 runflat tires.
C.Q. Bowles 1997: ASMHB, v. 19, pp. 32-35.
G.W. Kuhlman 1996: ASMHB, v. 14, pp. 588-627.
S. Laughery & al. 1990: Bekker's terramechanics off-road vehicle model.
M.C. Bell 1987: G6-45 rhino 1981 blueprint 1/76 scale.
M.G. Bekker 1960: OTR locomotion.
M.G. Bekker 1957: OTR locomotion latest developments.
M.G. Bekker 1956: Land locomotion theory.
6DoF · ACOA · AM-SL · CBRN · GA · FGD · OSA · XFEM-TO · TSP · ISO668 · twistlock · runflat tire · NASA SEV · HAS
Streetcar decorations welcoming President-Elect Dwight Eisenhower's visit to Korea in December 1952. I took this photo downtown Seoul. I recently learned from Charlie McCoppin (shown on page 4) that the bird on the streetcar represented the Phoenix, a mythical sacred firebird that sympolizes rebirth. But, please see kkkk8155's comment below which indicates that the bird could also represent the symbol for President.
The Communists plotted to assassinate Eisenhower while he was in Korea. You can read the newspaper article titled "Ike Target of Assassination Plot in Korea," at news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1917&dat=19540204&...
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Am Samstag, den 24. Mai 2014, wurden diese Aufnahmen von der zum 25-jahrigen Bestehen stattfindende Traditionsfahrt des ATB (= Arbeitsgemeinschaft Traditionsbus Berlin) gemacht.
Aus diesem Anlaß wurde die ehemaligen Linie 73 - jetzige OL M46 sowie vormalige Buslinie 146 als befahrene Linie auserkoren, den die Verbindung Zoo – Britz blickt auf eine 115 jährige Geschichte zurück. Am 24. Mai 2014 waren die ATB-Busse 70 (ex LVG), 237, 1629, 1658, 1666, 1957, 2100, 2208, 2329, 2437, 2556 + 2626 sowie der BVG-Bus 3233 (mit Folienbeklebung für den ATB) unterwegs. Desweiteren wurden einige weitere aktuelle BVG-Busse sowie ehemalige BVG-Busse aufgenommen, die heute als Stadtrundfahren-Busse unterwegs sind.
Einige noch zusätzlich mit dem Fotoapparat aufgenommenen Videos werden aufgrund der schlechten Qualität von mir nicht eingestellt, sodass es hierdurch keine bildliche Dokumentation vom 237 + 1957 gibt.
Weitere Hinweise gibt es auf der ATB-Homepage www.traditionsbus.de/index.htm
This photo by James Palsgrove, 765th Transportation Railway Shop Battalion (TRSB), shows one of the 765th TRSB hospital trains. Our trains often had gondolas loaded with sand bags positioned in front of the locomotives to absorb most of the explosion in the event the tracks were mined, and often the gondolas had machine gunners to protect the trains against guerilla activities. This train also had a guard car behind the locomotive. Jim accompanied the hospital trains to and from the front lines.
OLYMPUS DIGITAL CAMERA
Am Samstag, den 24. Mai 2014, wurden diese Aufnahmen von der zum 25-jahrigen Bestehen stattfindende Traditionsfahrt des ATB (= Arbeitsgemeinschaft Traditionsbus Berlin) gemacht.
Aus diesem Anlaß wurde die ehemaligen Linie 73 - jetzige OL M46 sowie vormalige Buslinie 146 als befahrene Linie auserkoren, den die Verbindung Zoo – Britz blickt auf eine 115 jährige Geschichte zurück. Am 24. Mai 2014 waren die ATB-Busse 70 (ex LVG), 237, 1629, 1658, 1666, 1957, 2100, 2208, 2329, 2437, 2556 + 2626 sowie der BVG-Bus 3233 (mit Folienbeklebung für den ATB) unterwegs. Desweiteren wurden einige weitere aktuelle BVG-Busse sowie ehemalige BVG-Busse aufgenommen, die heute als Stadtrundfahren-Busse unterwegs sind.
Einige noch zusätzlich mit dem Fotoapparat aufgenommenen Videos werden aufgrund der schlechten Qualität von mir nicht eingestellt, sodass es hierdurch keine bildliche Dokumentation vom 237 + 1957 gibt.
Weitere Hinweise gibt es auf der ATB-Homepage www.traditionsbus.de/index.htm
Driving southeast from Reno, Nevada, I encountered the small town of Hawthorne, about one third of the way to Las Vegas. A city block into the town, I was surprised to see by the road a paved lot with a tank on display, together with enough weapons to start a small war. I promptly did a 180 turn to go back and stop for a few snapshots. This turned out to be the Hawthorne Ordnance Museum, in Hawthorne, Nevada. On August 30, 2017.
The M47 Patton medium tank entered US service in 1952, as a development of the earlier M46 Patton tank. The M47 was soon replaced in US service by the M48 Patton tank and was retired from the US military by the early 1960s. Used also by many allied nations. Some of the allies used this type in combat, but the US never did.
OLYMPUS DIGITAL CAMERA
Am Samstag, den 24. Mai 2014, wurden diese Aufnahmen von der zum 25-jahrigen Bestehen stattfindende Traditionsfahrt des ATB (= Arbeitsgemeinschaft Traditionsbus Berlin) gemacht.
Aus diesem Anlaß wurde die ehemaligen Linie 73 - jetzige OL M46 sowie vormalige Buslinie 146 als befahrene Linie auserkoren, den die Verbindung Zoo – Britz blickt auf eine 115 jährige Geschichte zurück. Am 24. Mai 2014 waren die ATB-Busse 70 (ex LVG), 237, 1629, 1658, 1666, 1957, 2100, 2208, 2329, 2437, 2556 + 2626 sowie der BVG-Bus 3233 (mit Folienbeklebung für den ATB) unterwegs. Desweiteren wurden einige weitere aktuelle BVG-Busse sowie ehemalige BVG-Busse aufgenommen, die heute als Stadtrundfahren-Busse unterwegs sind.
Einige noch zusätzlich mit dem Fotoapparat aufgenommenen Videos werden aufgrund der schlechten Qualität von mir nicht eingestellt, sodass es hierdurch keine bildliche Dokumentation vom 237 + 1957 gibt.
Weitere Hinweise gibt es auf der ATB-Homepage www.traditionsbus.de/index.htm
The constellation of the “Stern of the Ship Argo” (Puppis) is for the most part too far south from my location in Central Maryland to view – but not all of it. There is a wide northern extension of the constellation that rides the milky way north just to the east of Canis Major culminating in the well-known Open Clusters of M46 and M47 (also do not forget the Open Cluster M93 south of them). In addition, there are many additional Puppis Open Clusters along this stretch of the Milky Way worth visiting. Two local Parks provided me far better southern views of the sky than from my backyard, which I sketched eight of the best of the northern non-Messier Puppis Open Clusters on the evenings of March 2nd and March 3rd (NGC 2421, 2479, 2482, 2489, 2509,2527, 2567 and 2571).
NGC 2482 is a relatively faint but rich Open Cluster. There was little problem seeing it in the 110mm refractor. A small triangle of bright stars rests northeast of it which helped pinpoint the Open Cluster’s location. The brightest stars of NGC 2482 are around magnitude 10 but most of the 40+ stars making up the cluster were near or below the resolution of the telescope. Their combined glow looked ethereal in the eyepiece. In larger telescopes, NGC 2482 displays fat star arms radiating from its center. This has given it the name of the Starfish Cluster. With my small refractor, I was getting the impression that it was more humanoid than starfish like. A celestial ghost among the stars.
To see additional astronomy drawings visit: www.orrastrodrawing.com