View allAll Photos Tagged M46
M46 on the left and M47 on the right with another small cluster, NGC 2425, in between. The planetary nebula NGC 2438 does not belong to M46.
This is an integration of 285 x 1 minute frames captured on a QHY168C OSC camera with WO Zenithstar 103 scope and an STC multi-spectra filter. The mount was a Skywatcher AZ EQ5-GT and image sequencing was controlled via Sequence Generator Pro and PHD2. A PegasusAstro FocusCube enabled auto-focus. All post-processing was carried out in PixInsight.
Taken from Prachinburi, Thailand
Der M48 Patton ist ein Kampfpanzer der Zeit des Kalten Krieges aus US-amerikanischer Produktion. In verschiedenen Versionen wird er noch heute in einigen Staaten des westlichen Einflussbereiches verwendet. Die offizielle Bezeichnung des Army Department war: „M48 Medium Tank – 90 mm Gun“. Benannt ist das Fahrzeug nach General George S. Patton, dem Kommandeur der Third United States Army während des Zweiten Weltkriegs und auf alliierter Seite einem der ersten Befürworter von massiven Panzereinsätzen.
In der US Army wurden die M48A5 als letzte Ausführung dieses Modells durch den M60 ersetzt; seit Mitte der 1990er Jahre sind die M48 in den Vereinigten Staaten nicht mehr im Dienst. Die zuletzt bei der Heimatschutztruppe der Bundeswehr eingesetzten M48A2C wurden ersatzlos ausgemustert, die M48A2GA2 durch den Leopard 2 ersetzt.
Bereits im Jahre 1947 forderte das US-Militär eine längerfristige Lösung für die Beschaffung eines Kampfpanzers der 30-Tonnen-Klasse mit einer 90-mm-Kanone. Die seit 1944/45 im Einsatz stehenden Kampfpanzer M26 Pershing sowie das Nachfolgemodell M46 entsprachen wegen ihrer geringen Motorleistung und ihrer sonstigen Schwächen nicht mehr den Anforderungen. Die seit 1951 hergestellten Kampfpanzer vom Typ M47 waren von Anfang an nur als Zwischenlösung betrachtet worden. Unmittelbar nach dem Produktionsbeginn für den M47 begannen bereits im Oktober 1951 im Arsenal von Detroit die Entwicklungsarbeiten für einen Nachfolger. Im Dezember des gleichen Jahres erhielt Chrysler den Auftrag zum Bau von sechs Prototypen mit der Bezeichnung T48. Noch bevor Chrysler die Prototypen fertig hatte, erging bereits der Auftrag für die ersten Baulose (zunächst ebenfalls an Chrysler), dem im Jahr darauf weitere Aufträge an die Firmen Ford Motor Company und Fisher Body Division (eine Tochter von General Motors) folgten. Die Auslieferung des nunmehr M48 genannten Fahrzeugs begann im Jahre 1952.
1954 erfolgte die Vergabe eines weiteren Bauloses an Chrysler.
Den Bauauftrag für den M48A2 erhielt im Jahre 1955 das Unternehmen „Alco Products“ in Schenectady (New York). Der Stückpreis betrug zu diesem Zeitpunkt 250.000 US-Dollar, womit er um 35.000 US-Dollar teurer war als sein Nachfolger M60 fünfzehn Jahre später.
1960 bemängelte eine Kontrollkommission inzwischen festgestellte gravierende Fehler an dem Fahrzeug, die nicht erkannt worden waren, da kein Truppenversuch stattgefunden hatte.
1975 wurde mit der Kampfwertsteigerung von 500 M48A3 zu M48A5 begonnen. Diese Fahrzeuge waren ausschließlich für die Nationalgarde bestimmt und wurden auch nur dort eingesetzt. Insgesamt wurden 2067 Panzer zur Version A5 umgerüstet. Diese Aktion war 1980 beendet.
Von 1952 bis 1959 (nach anderen Angaben in den Jahren 1952 bis 1960) wurden fast 12.000 Stück aller Varianten gebaut. Die Modelle M48 / M48A1 / M48C / M48A2 / M48A2C verwendeten einen Benzinmotor, dessen ausgesprochen hoher Kraftstoffverbrauch (im günstigsten Fall 6 Liter pro Kilometer) für einen nicht zufriedenstellenden Fahrbereich sorgte. Bereits 1959 begann die Entwicklung eines Dieselmotors, der ab 1963 in die M48A3-Modelle (Umbauten verschiedener älterer M48-Typen) eingebaut wurde.
Eine Vielzahl von Staaten bestellten die Fahrzeuge für ihre Panzertruppen, darunter auch Deutschland (ab 1956), Israel, Pakistan, Spanien, Taiwan und die Türkei.
Quelle: Wikipedia
This combat photo of Outpost Harry was taken during the great battle for Outpost Harry between UN and Chinese Communist Forces (CCF) on June 15, 1953. It was taken by James Jarboe, a combat photographer with the 3rd Signal Company, 3rd Infantry Division, who gave me permission to use it. I added red lettering to identify the CCF-held Star Hill and Outpost Harry.
Outpost Harry, about 400 yards in front of the MLR, was critical to control of the Chorwon and Kumwha valleys. Had the CCF gained control of this outpost, it would have forced our lines back about 10 kilometers. So few UN soldiers manned Outpost Harry against overwhelming CCF numbers that intense artillery support principally kept the outpost in UN hands.
You can read about the battle via The Outpost Harry Survivors Association at www.ophsa.org/OPHSA_Intro.htm.
Another great website is at www.ophsa.org/James_Jarboe/index.htm. It shows numerous photos. Clicking on the photos will enlarge them. Note also that this site has several pages which can be accessed in the upper right hand corner of the web pages. Jarboe's photo is on the second page. Page three shows just how close, 320 yards, the Chinese-held Star Hill was to Outpost Harry.
Der M48 Patton ist ein Kampfpanzer der Zeit des Kalten Krieges aus US-amerikanischer Produktion. In verschiedenen Versionen wird er noch heute in einigen Staaten des westlichen Einflussbereiches verwendet. Die offizielle Bezeichnung des Army Department war: „M48 Medium Tank – 90 mm Gun“. Benannt ist das Fahrzeug nach General George S. Patton, dem Kommandeur der Third United States Army während des Zweiten Weltkriegs und auf alliierter Seite einem der ersten Befürworter von massiven Panzereinsätzen.
In der US Army wurden die M48A5 als letzte Ausführung dieses Modells durch den M60 ersetzt; seit Mitte der 1990er Jahre sind die M48 in den Vereinigten Staaten nicht mehr im Dienst. Die zuletzt bei der Heimatschutztruppe der Bundeswehr eingesetzten M48A2C wurden ersatzlos ausgemustert, die M48A2GA2 durch den Leopard 2 ersetzt.
Bereits im Jahre 1947 forderte das US-Militär eine längerfristige Lösung für die Beschaffung eines Kampfpanzers der 30-Tonnen-Klasse mit einer 90-mm-Kanone. Die seit 1944/45 im Einsatz stehenden Kampfpanzer M26 Pershing sowie das Nachfolgemodell M46 entsprachen wegen ihrer geringen Motorleistung und ihrer sonstigen Schwächen nicht mehr den Anforderungen. Die seit 1951 hergestellten Kampfpanzer vom Typ M47 waren von Anfang an nur als Zwischenlösung betrachtet worden. Unmittelbar nach dem Produktionsbeginn für den M47 begannen bereits im Oktober 1951 im Arsenal von Detroit die Entwicklungsarbeiten für einen Nachfolger. Im Dezember des gleichen Jahres erhielt Chrysler den Auftrag zum Bau von sechs Prototypen mit der Bezeichnung T48. Noch bevor Chrysler die Prototypen fertig hatte, erging bereits der Auftrag für die ersten Baulose (zunächst ebenfalls an Chrysler), dem im Jahr darauf weitere Aufträge an die Firmen Ford Motor Company und Fisher Body Division (eine Tochter von General Motors) folgten. Die Auslieferung des nunmehr M48 genannten Fahrzeugs begann im Jahre 1952.
1954 erfolgte die Vergabe eines weiteren Bauloses an Chrysler.
Den Bauauftrag für den M48A2 erhielt im Jahre 1955 das Unternehmen „Alco Products“ in Schenectady (New York). Der Stückpreis betrug zu diesem Zeitpunkt 250.000 US-Dollar, womit er um 35.000 US-Dollar teurer war als sein Nachfolger M60 fünfzehn Jahre später.
1960 bemängelte eine Kontrollkommission inzwischen festgestellte gravierende Fehler an dem Fahrzeug, die nicht erkannt worden waren, da kein Truppenversuch stattgefunden hatte.
1975 wurde mit der Kampfwertsteigerung von 500 M48A3 zu M48A5 begonnen. Diese Fahrzeuge waren ausschließlich für die Nationalgarde bestimmt und wurden auch nur dort eingesetzt. Insgesamt wurden 2067 Panzer zur Version A5 umgerüstet. Diese Aktion war 1980 beendet.
Von 1952 bis 1959 (nach anderen Angaben in den Jahren 1952 bis 1960) wurden fast 12.000 Stück aller Varianten gebaut. Die Modelle M48 / M48A1 / M48C / M48A2 / M48A2C verwendeten einen Benzinmotor, dessen ausgesprochen hoher Kraftstoffverbrauch (im günstigsten Fall 6 Liter pro Kilometer) für einen nicht zufriedenstellenden Fahrbereich sorgte. Bereits 1959 begann die Entwicklung eines Dieselmotors, der ab 1963 in die M48A3-Modelle (Umbauten verschiedener älterer M48-Typen) eingebaut wurde.
Eine Vielzahl von Staaten bestellten die Fahrzeuge für ihre Panzertruppen, darunter auch Deutschland (ab 1956), Israel, Pakistan, Spanien, Taiwan und die Türkei.
Quelle: Wikipedia
Target Tanks at Cape Pyla. Military graveyard in Kato Pyla , near Xylofagou village.
Xylofagou is a sprawling Greek-Cypriot village situated close to the A3 Motorway between Dhekelia and Paralimni. It lies on the northern flank of a hill, on the edge of an area of a group of several similar villages known as the "Kokkinochoria", known for growing vegetables, especially potatoes, in red soil.
PACIFIC OCEAN (Jan. 19, 2023) U.S. Navy Sailors upload a Mark 46 torpedo into a torpedo tube aboard the Arleigh Burke-class guided-missile destroyer USS Paul Hamilton (DDG 60). Paul Hamilton, part of the Nimitz Carrier Strike Group (CSG), is underway conducting routine operations. (U.S. Navy photo by Mass Communication Specialist 2nd Class Elliot Schaudt)
Der M48 Patton ist ein Kampfpanzer der Zeit des Kalten Krieges aus US-amerikanischer Produktion. In verschiedenen Versionen wird er noch heute in einigen Staaten des westlichen Einflussbereiches verwendet. Die offizielle Bezeichnung des Army Department war: „M48 Medium Tank – 90 mm Gun“. Benannt ist das Fahrzeug nach General George S. Patton, dem Kommandeur der Third United States Army während des Zweiten Weltkriegs und auf alliierter Seite einem der ersten Befürworter von massiven Panzereinsätzen.
In der US Army wurden die M48A5 als letzte Ausführung dieses Modells durch den M60 ersetzt; seit Mitte der 1990er Jahre sind die M48 in den Vereinigten Staaten nicht mehr im Dienst. Die zuletzt bei der Heimatschutztruppe der Bundeswehr eingesetzten M48A2C wurden ersatzlos ausgemustert, die M48A2GA2 durch den Leopard 2 ersetzt.
Bereits im Jahre 1947 forderte das US-Militär eine längerfristige Lösung für die Beschaffung eines Kampfpanzers der 30-Tonnen-Klasse mit einer 90-mm-Kanone. Die seit 1944/45 im Einsatz stehenden Kampfpanzer M26 Pershing sowie das Nachfolgemodell M46 entsprachen wegen ihrer geringen Motorleistung und ihrer sonstigen Schwächen nicht mehr den Anforderungen. Die seit 1951 hergestellten Kampfpanzer vom Typ M47 waren von Anfang an nur als Zwischenlösung betrachtet worden. Unmittelbar nach dem Produktionsbeginn für den M47 begannen bereits im Oktober 1951 im Arsenal von Detroit die Entwicklungsarbeiten für einen Nachfolger. Im Dezember des gleichen Jahres erhielt Chrysler den Auftrag zum Bau von sechs Prototypen mit der Bezeichnung T48. Noch bevor Chrysler die Prototypen fertig hatte, erging bereits der Auftrag für die ersten Baulose (zunächst ebenfalls an Chrysler), dem im Jahr darauf weitere Aufträge an die Firmen Ford Motor Company und Fisher Body Division (eine Tochter von General Motors) folgten. Die Auslieferung des nunmehr M48 genannten Fahrzeugs begann im Jahre 1952.
1954 erfolgte die Vergabe eines weiteren Bauloses an Chrysler.
Den Bauauftrag für den M48A2 erhielt im Jahre 1955 das Unternehmen „Alco Products“ in Schenectady (New York). Der Stückpreis betrug zu diesem Zeitpunkt 250.000 US-Dollar, womit er um 35.000 US-Dollar teurer war als sein Nachfolger M60 fünfzehn Jahre später.
1960 bemängelte eine Kontrollkommission inzwischen festgestellte gravierende Fehler an dem Fahrzeug, die nicht erkannt worden waren, da kein Truppenversuch stattgefunden hatte.
1975 wurde mit der Kampfwertsteigerung von 500 M48A3 zu M48A5 begonnen. Diese Fahrzeuge waren ausschließlich für die Nationalgarde bestimmt und wurden auch nur dort eingesetzt. Insgesamt wurden 2067 Panzer zur Version A5 umgerüstet. Diese Aktion war 1980 beendet.
Von 1952 bis 1959 (nach anderen Angaben in den Jahren 1952 bis 1960) wurden fast 12.000 Stück aller Varianten gebaut. Die Modelle M48 / M48A1 / M48C / M48A2 / M48A2C verwendeten einen Benzinmotor, dessen ausgesprochen hoher Kraftstoffverbrauch (im günstigsten Fall 6 Liter pro Kilometer) für einen nicht zufriedenstellenden Fahrbereich sorgte. Bereits 1959 begann die Entwicklung eines Dieselmotors, der ab 1963 in die M48A3-Modelle (Umbauten verschiedener älterer M48-Typen) eingebaut wurde.
Eine Vielzahl von Staaten bestellten die Fahrzeuge für ihre Panzertruppen, darunter auch Deutschland (ab 1956), Israel, Pakistan, Spanien, Taiwan und die Türkei.
Quelle: Wikipedia
Crossing the state through the middle for a family reunion this year, I was finally able to ride in the passenger seat with camera in hand.
Canadian model with Zenith Stromberg carb, M46 and optional sunroof. The most reliable Volvo I ever owned, drove over 800,000 km with few repairs. This one is the same colour exterior and interior as the one I had.
On Fire . My friend Stathis Papaefstathiou taking pictures of me , during a visit to Military graveyard in Kato Pyla , near Xylofagou village.
In-der-City-Bus GmbH [ICB] 235, a 2019 Solaris Urbino IV 12 Electric, on route M46 on Karlsruher Straße in Frankfurt(Main) on Tuesday, August 2nd, 2022.
#1020
46
M47 was a relatively short-lived MBT (then called "medium tank" created to replace the M46 Patton/M26 Pershing and the M4 Sherman. It was widely produced to fit the needs of the US Army, US Marines, but also OTAN nations as a whole as a stopgap measure before new models could be built locally. Although a good all-over tank, the M47 Patton was used only for a few years, before its replacement by the M48 in 1953 which was realy a generation ahead. Declared obsolete in 1957, the impression it left and service time nevertheless far outlasted the fifties under other colors. The Soviet T-54 was modified to face it and the M47 defeated many foreign-built models with success, even taking part in massive tank battles.
Taken on the night of 2021-03-18, this pair of star clusters in Puppis are along the Northern Hemisphere winter path of the Milky Way. A bit more than 10° east of Sirius, M46 (on the left) and M47 (on the right) stand out in long exposure, wide field shots of this part of the sky (like this one: flic.kr/p/22MMqbL). There is also a planetary nebula (NGC 2438) amidst the stars of M46. Another planetary nebula (PK231+4.1 --- can you find it?) is north of that, and the older star cluster NGC 2425 is between M46 and M47 in this shot.
This is a mosaic composed of 3 separate panels. Stacks of at least 25 sub-frames of 120 s each were taken with a Celestron Edge HD 925 at f/2.3 with HyperStar and an Atik 314L+ color CCD with light pollution filter. There are some artifacts around the brighter stars in M47. Preprocessing in Nebulosity; registration, stacking, mosaic composition, and processing in PixInsight; final touches in Photoshop.
The image spans a region that is 105' by 55' and is centered near RA 7h 39m, DEC -14° 40'.
Resultado de 3 horas 30 min totales, con una humedad relativa 88% y temperatura 11.8°C ambientales.
Tomas individuales de larga exposición de 180 seg, Ganancia 11 , Offset 30 y una temperatura de -20°C utilizando filtro Optolong L-pro. Todas las tomas fueron realizadas en sector Roa , Región del Bio-Bio, Chile. (Bortle 4-5).
Se ha utilizado telescopio refractor TS 65mm apertura y 420mm df cuádruple, Filtro Optolong L-Pro, dew heater ,montura CEM 40, PPB y cámara QHY 183C.
Apilado y procesado por PixInsight.
Fotografías realizada en la noche del 04 de Febrero 2024. Sin dithering.
Magnitud: 6.10
Messier 46 (también conocido como M46 o NGC 2437) es un cúmulo abierto en la constelación Puppis. Fue descubierto por Charles Messier en 1771.
M46 está a una distancia de unos 5.400 años luz desde la Tierra con una edad estimada de unos 300 millones de años. El cúmulo contiene unas 500 estrellas de las cuales 150 son más brillantes que magnitud 13. Su diámetro espacial es de alrededor 30 años luz.
Se desconoce la relación de la nebulosa planetaria NGC 2438 con el cúmulo; habitualmente se ha pensado que es un objeto en primer plano, pero otros estudios muestran que pueden estar asociados. (Wikipedia)
Magnitud: 11.70
NGC 2438 es una nebulosa planetaria en la constelación de Puppis, la popa del Argo Navis. Visualmente aparece en los confines del cúmulo abierto M46, pero en realidad se halla más cerca de nosotros, a unos 2900 años luz de distancia (si bien recientemente se ha propuesto su asociación con el cúmulo). Es muy difícil su identificación ya que es imprescindible una noche muy oscura pero resulta fascinante el observar ambos; un filtro nebular puede ayudar bastante a su observación.
La estrella central de la nebulosa tiene magnitud 17,5 y muestra un espectro continuo. Cerca de ella se aprecia una estrella brillante, probablemente un miembro del cúmulo M46 y por tanto casi al doble de distancia. Muchas otras de las estrellas del campo visual también pertenecen al cúmulo.
NGC 2438 fue descubierta por William Herschel en 1786. (Wikipedia)
Magnitud: 9.47
Messier 47 (también conocido como M47 o NGC 2422) es un cúmulo abierto en la constelación Puppis. Fue descubierto por Giovanni Batista Hodierna antes de 1654 e independientemente descubierto por Charles Messier el 19 de febrero de 1771.
El M47 está a una distancia de unos 1600 años luz desde la Tierra con una edad estimada de alrededor de 78 millones de años. Hay unas 50 estrellas en este cúmulo, siendo la más brillante de una magnitud 5,7. (Wikipedia)
The constellation of the “Stern of the Ship Argo” (Puppis) is for the most part too far south from my location in Central Maryland to view – but not all of it. There is a wide northern extension of the constellation that rides the milky way north just to the east of Canis Major culminating in the well-known Open Clusters of M46 and M47 (also do not forget the Open Cluster M93 south of them). In addition, there are many additional Puppis Open Clusters along this stretch of the Milky Way worth visiting. Two local Parks provided me far better southern views of the sky than from my backyard, which I sketched eight of the best of the northern non-Messier Puppis Open Clusters on the evenings of March 2nd and March 3rd (NGC 2421, 2479, 2482, 2489, 2509,2527, 2567 and 2571).
In the center of NGC 2571 shines two bright 9th magnitude stars. These white diamonds are surrounded by a sprinkling of 10th to 11th magnitude stars. This Open Cluster was a stunning sight in the 110mm refractor and my favorite object for the observing night of March 3rd.
To see additional astronomy drawings visit: www.orrastrodrawing.com
Der M48 Patton ist ein Kampfpanzer der Zeit des Kalten Krieges aus US-amerikanischer Produktion. In verschiedenen Versionen wird er noch heute in einigen Staaten des westlichen Einflussbereiches verwendet. Die offizielle Bezeichnung des Army Department war: „M48 Medium Tank – 90 mm Gun“. Benannt ist das Fahrzeug nach General George S. Patton, dem Kommandeur der Third United States Army während des Zweiten Weltkriegs und auf alliierter Seite einem der ersten Befürworter von massiven Panzereinsätzen.
In der US Army wurden die M48A5 als letzte Ausführung dieses Modells durch den M60 ersetzt; seit Mitte der 1990er Jahre sind die M48 in den Vereinigten Staaten nicht mehr im Dienst. Die zuletzt bei der Heimatschutztruppe der Bundeswehr eingesetzten M48A2C wurden ersatzlos ausgemustert, die M48A2GA2 durch den Leopard 2 ersetzt.
Bereits im Jahre 1947 forderte das US-Militär eine längerfristige Lösung für die Beschaffung eines Kampfpanzers der 30-Tonnen-Klasse mit einer 90-mm-Kanone. Die seit 1944/45 im Einsatz stehenden Kampfpanzer M26 Pershing sowie das Nachfolgemodell M46 entsprachen wegen ihrer geringen Motorleistung und ihrer sonstigen Schwächen nicht mehr den Anforderungen. Die seit 1951 hergestellten Kampfpanzer vom Typ M47 waren von Anfang an nur als Zwischenlösung betrachtet worden. Unmittelbar nach dem Produktionsbeginn für den M47 begannen bereits im Oktober 1951 im Arsenal von Detroit die Entwicklungsarbeiten für einen Nachfolger. Im Dezember des gleichen Jahres erhielt Chrysler den Auftrag zum Bau von sechs Prototypen mit der Bezeichnung T48. Noch bevor Chrysler die Prototypen fertig hatte, erging bereits der Auftrag für die ersten Baulose (zunächst ebenfalls an Chrysler), dem im Jahr darauf weitere Aufträge an die Firmen Ford Motor Company und Fisher Body Division (eine Tochter von General Motors) folgten. Die Auslieferung des nunmehr M48 genannten Fahrzeugs begann im Jahre 1952.
1954 erfolgte die Vergabe eines weiteren Bauloses an Chrysler.
Den Bauauftrag für den M48A2 erhielt im Jahre 1955 das Unternehmen „Alco Products“ in Schenectady (New York). Der Stückpreis betrug zu diesem Zeitpunkt 250.000 US-Dollar, womit er um 35.000 US-Dollar teurer war als sein Nachfolger M60 fünfzehn Jahre später.
1960 bemängelte eine Kontrollkommission inzwischen festgestellte gravierende Fehler an dem Fahrzeug, die nicht erkannt worden waren, da kein Truppenversuch stattgefunden hatte.
1975 wurde mit der Kampfwertsteigerung von 500 M48A3 zu M48A5 begonnen. Diese Fahrzeuge waren ausschließlich für die Nationalgarde bestimmt und wurden auch nur dort eingesetzt. Insgesamt wurden 2067 Panzer zur Version A5 umgerüstet. Diese Aktion war 1980 beendet.
Von 1952 bis 1959 (nach anderen Angaben in den Jahren 1952 bis 1960) wurden fast 12.000 Stück aller Varianten gebaut. Die Modelle M48 / M48A1 / M48C / M48A2 / M48A2C verwendeten einen Benzinmotor, dessen ausgesprochen hoher Kraftstoffverbrauch (im günstigsten Fall 6 Liter pro Kilometer) für einen nicht zufriedenstellenden Fahrbereich sorgte. Bereits 1959 begann die Entwicklung eines Dieselmotors, der ab 1963 in die M48A3-Modelle (Umbauten verschiedener älterer M48-Typen) eingebaut wurde.
Eine Vielzahl von Staaten bestellten die Fahrzeuge für ihre Panzertruppen, darunter auch Deutschland (ab 1956), Israel, Pakistan, Spanien, Taiwan und die Türkei.
Quelle: Wikipedia
I was going through some imaging from earlier this year and found some images taken in February (Weatherly, Pennsylvania) of Messier 46 (M46). This final image is 8 x 60 seconds at ISO 1600 using a Canon T4i and 400mm lens. What I like with the M46 open cluster is that you get a bonus, the planetary nebula NGC 2438. While not part of the open cluster, it appears in the same view because it lines up behind the cluster. The planetary nebula was likely formed by the death of a red giant star in its center.
I built this 1/48 model fifty-one years ago. A nice model by 1971 standards and it was originally mastered in the 60's.
OLYMPUS DIGITAL CAMERA
- Britz, Gradestraße -
Am Samstag, den 24. Mai 2014, wurden diese Aufnahmen von der zum 25-jahrigen Bestehen stattfindende Traditionsfahrt des ATB (= Arbeitsgemeinschaft Traditionsbus Berlin) gemacht.
Aus diesem Anlaß wurde die ehemaligen Linie 73 - jetzige OL M46 sowie vormalige Buslinie 146 als befahrene Linie auserkoren, den die Verbindung Zoo – Britz blickt auf eine 115 jährige Geschichte zurück. Am 24. Mai 2014 waren die ATB-Busse 70 (ex LVG), 237, 1629, 1658, 1666, 1957, 2100, 2208, 2329, 2437, 2556 + 2626 sowie der BVG-Bus 3233 (mit Folienbeklebung für den ATB) unterwegs. Desweiteren wurden einige weitere aktuelle BVG-Busse sowie ehemalige BVG-Busse aufgenommen, die heute als Stadtrundfahren-Busse unterwegs sind.
Einige noch zusätzlich mit dem Fotoapparat aufgenommenen Videos werden aufgrund der schlechten Qualität von mir nicht eingestellt, sodass es hierdurch keine bildliche Dokumentation vom 237 + 1957 gibt.
Weitere Hinweise gibt es auf der ATB-Homepage
I took this photo of the gun crew of Battery B, 58th Field Artillery Battalion, in action supporting Outpost Harry in the Iron Triangle during the Korean War in March 1953. My brother-in-law, Jerry Hartman, is holding a round for loading the 105 mm howitzer. Note that the howitzer is in fully recoiled position, having been blown back by firing.
Apologies for the low quality photos, my camera doesn't do so well at full zoom.
According to a commenter on my post of this car on Instagram, it has a factory M46 manual transmission.
Descubierta por William Herschel en 1786, es una nebulosa planetaria (creada cuando una estrella expulsa sus capas más externas tras haber consumido todo el combustible) que se encuentra en la constelación de Puppis, a una distancia de la Tierra de unos 2.900 años luz. A pesar de que esta nebulosa, cuando se observa desde un telescopio, parece encontrarse dentro del cúmulo abierto ( una agrupación irregular de estrellas jóvenes) M46, diversos estudios han mostrado que en realidad se encuentra más cerca de la Tierra, y además se mueve a distinta velocidad que el cúmulo. Por tanto, su proximidad en el cielo es solo una coincidencia, estando ambos objetos en la misma línea de visión desde nuestro planeta.
Créditos: Daniel López/ IAC - Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias. Imagen Astronómica del Mes - Abril 2011.
Gun crew of the 58th Field Artillery Battalion, Battery B, in action supporting Outpost Harry in the Iron Triangle. From left to right are: my brother-in-law, Jerry Hartman, Sergeant A.J. McMurtrey, and Kee Jong Hak (sp?). Here I caught the breech of the M101 105mm Howitzer in fully recoiled position.
Image taken near a small part of the largest manmade lake in Europe (250 sq km) and one of the world’s largest, called Alqueva. Around this area, we also can find some of the darkest sky regions in Portugal, like Monsaraz, inserted in Dark Sky Reserve Alqueva, the world’s first certified ‘Starlight Tourism Destination’.
From left to right, in the land, we could see the silhouette of a photographer that was also making his images of the night sky. Next to the tree, we can see the light of the Monsaraz Castle, also reflected in the calm water of the lake, 30 minutes after the moonset.
Even with some light pollution coming directly from the village castle, the sky above shows a rich variety of deep sky objects that are visible in the infrared camera, like Canon EOS 60Da, as well a lot of star clusters, one asteroid and the Planet Jupiter. From left to right, in the sky, we could identify M46 and M47, M41, and above Sirius the Seagull nebula IC2177. Near the center top image, is visible another infrared emission from Rosette Nebula. Below, the Barnard´s Loop, Horse Head and Orion nebula M42, are strongest emissions indeed. A little bit to the right making the center upper image, is the Lambda Orionis (Sh2 264), Messia. Above the star aldebaran, is visible the open cluster NGC1647 and near to the left, the Vesta asteroid, and above it another open cluster the NGC1746. Below is the brightest sky object capturing in this image, the planet Jupiter, shining near the pleiades M45. In the upper right corner, is located the last infrared brightest deep sky object, the California nebula, NGC1499.
Canon EOS60Da – F/2 15s ISO4000 35mm lens. Mosaic of 24 images. Image taken in 22/12/2012 at 2:58 AM.
+++ DISCLAIMER +++
Nothing you see here is real, even though the conversion or the presented background story might be based on historical facts. BEWARE!
Some background:
Uruguay, like several other countries in South America, has been a traditional customer of US military hardware. In Uruguay’s case, this first example were 40 M3A1 Stuart light tanks delivered in 1944-1945. In the years following the Second World War and the Korean War, obsolete armored vehicles which were no longer deemed as required for the current situation of the US military were given as military aid to US allies, particularly in Latin America. It was in this context that Uruguay would receive 17 M24 Chaffee light tanks and 12 M4A3E8 Sherman medium tanks in 1957-1958 from American surplus stock.
Deliveries were completed on September 30th, 1958. This was part of the American Military Assistance Program (MAP), under which the US provided military equipment to aligned nations within the context of the Cold War. These tanks did not come from the mainland US but were instead delivered from US Army stocks in Japan and Korea. A considerable number of spare parts were likely delivered along with these, too, as well as in the coming years. Along with the Chaffees and Shermans, Uruguay furthermore received a single Sherman-based M74 Armored Recovery Vehicle.
By the time of the Korean War, the M4 series had evolved into its final form, often referred to as the M4A3E8, and this was the Sherman version that was also delivered to Uruguay. To the Marines in Korea, they were known as the “Old Reliables”. Entering service late in the Second World War, this model featured an improved Horizontal Volute Spring Suspension (HVSS) that replaced the iconic Vertical Volute Spring Suspension (VVSS) of earlier models. This suspension allowed for a wider track, improving grip and lower ground pressure on softer ground.
Propulsion was provided by the Ford GAA all-aluminum 32-valve DOHC 60-degree, 500 hp, V8 gasoline/petrol engine. This could propel the tank to a top speed of 40 – 48 km/h (25 – 30 mph). Armor on the vehicle was up to 76 mm (3 in) thick. The tank had a crew of five, consisting of a commander, driver, co-driver/bow machine gunner, gunner, and loader.
Even though a large number of newer 90mm gun armed M26 Pershings and M46 Pattons were dispatched to the Korean Peninsula, multiple variants of the HVSS Sherman were also used in the Korean War. These included the regular M4A3(76)W HVSS, which was armed with the 76mm Tank Gun M1A1 or M1A2, the M4A3(105) HVSS, armed with the 105mm Howitzer M4, and finally, the POA-CWS-H5, a specialist version armed with both a 105mm Howitzer and a coaxial flamethrower.
The ex-American tanks were delivered to Uruguay’s Batallón de Infantería Nº 13 (13th Infantry Battalion), founded in 1904, and with the arrival of the new equipment at the Durazno Arsenal in central Uruguay the regiment was aptly renamed Batallón de Infantería Blindado Nº 13 (13th Armored Infantry Battalion). The tanks formed two Compañías Blindada de Tanques (Armored Tanks Companies), formally created on 12 July 1958. In each company, two tanks formed a command section while the remaining were divided into platoons of five. Each platoon was coded with an individual color and the command tanks received colored shields as background to their tactical codes. Additionally, the command tanks received individual names, beginning with letters corresponding to their respective commanded platoons, e. g. “Ceasar” for one of the 3rd platoon’s commanding M4s, which carried the tactical code "2" on a green background, the 3rd platoon’s color.
The tanks were delivered in a unicolor camouflage, likely U.S. Army olive drab. They received prominent Uruguayan army roundels on the turret flanks, comprising a blue roundel in the center, circled by white and then further circled by blue again, with a red bar going through the roundel diagonally. Later, likely in the 1960s, the tanks were given a disruptive four-color scheme, comprising medium green, dark green, tan and a dark brown bordering on black.
The first months of the new tanks’ service were marked by several instances of ceremonial use in foreign presidential visits to Uruguay, during which the tanks would perform a parade in the streets of Montevideo, the Uruguayan capital – often in the company of the vintage M3A1 Stuarts which were still retained in service by this point for training.
The 1960s were a decade of turmoil in Uruguay, with an economic crisis caused by struggling Uruguayan exports causing significant unrest and political uproar. This led to the rise of an armed revolutionary left-wing movement known as the Tupamaros or MLN-T (Movimiento de Liberación Nacional-Tupamaros, Tupamaros National Liberation Movement) which would progressively grow more violent. In 1968, the Uruguayan president, Jorge Pachero, declared a state of emergency that would see the military largely deployed in the streets. The following president, Juan María Bordaberry, would continue authoritarian policies and suspend civil liberties. In June 1973, he dissolved the Uruguayan congress and became a de facto dictator sponsored by the Uruguayan military.
During this time, the Tupamaros fought in an urban guerilla war against the Uruguayan military. The Uruguayan tanks, especially the compact M24s, were regularly employed in the streets as a show of force, being a very intimidating presence to potential insurgents. For this mission, a few M4s and M24s, primarily command tanks, were outfitted with locally developed hydraulic dozer blades. These were detachable, though, and the tanks should retain the installations for the rest of their career.
By mid-1972, the Tupamaros had largely been defeated, killed, captured, or forced into exile, as many other Uruguayans had been. The Uruguayan dictatorship would maintain itself all the way to 1985 however, engaging in repressive policies which, while often overshadowed by some employed by other regimes, such as Augusto Pinochet’s Chile, would see many Uruguayans exiled, and many assassinations performed against political opponents, even though most of which took place outside of Uruguay’s borders. The M4s and M24s would continue to regularly be used for intimidation purposes during this era, though Uruguay would also purchase more modern tanks in 1982, including twenty-two M41 Walker Bulldog light tanks from Belgium. These didn’t replace the vintage WWII vehicles, though.
In 1984, elections were finally held, seeing Uruguay return to civilian rule from this point onward. Though amnesty for human rights abusers would be declared, Uruguay would move back towards being one of the more democratic and stable countries in South America in the next decades, which would culminate in a former Tupamaros, who had spent fifteen years in prison, José Mujica, being elected president in 2009.
At the same time as Uruguay was transitioning back to democracy, the M4s and M24s the country had now operated for about thirty years were becoming increasingly obsolete. The tanks’ engines were worn out after 30 years of constant use and useful ammunition for the M4s 76 mm gun was not available anymore. Funds for new/more modern tanks were not available at that time, therefore, it was decided to modernize the powerplants and drivetrains of the tanks and outfit the Shermans with a modern, bigger main gun.
For this purpose, the Brazilian company Bernardini was contracted. The Bernardini S/A Industria e Comercio (Bernardini Industrial and Commerce Company), based at São Paulo, was originally a safe manufacturer which operated from 1912, but during its later years it branched out into vehicle production, too, and created several conversions and indigenous tanks for the Brazilian Army.
Bernardini outfitted the light M24s with a Saab-Scania DN11 220-230 hp engine, a Swedish industrial truck engine manufactured in Brazil. This was a commercially available engine for which parts could be very easily sourced, and it was coupled with a new GAV 762 automatic gearbox. Mounting these totally different engines called for considerable modifications, including a completely new raised engine deck with integrated coolers.
The Shermans received new Continental AOS-895-3 six-cylinder air-cooled petrol engines, which had been procured together with the Belgian M41s as part of a spares deal and directly delivered to Brazil for the conversions. This engine delivered 500 bhp (370 kW), the same as the former Ford GAA V8, but provided more torque, was lighter and more compact, and had a considerably lower fuel consumption. It was coupled with a new gearbox, an Allison CD-500-3, with 2 ranges forward, 1 reverse.
For the planned armament upgrade, the modern 90 mm Cockerill Mk. 7 gun was chosen, another item procured from Belgium. Weighing less than ¾ of a ton and with a length of 4.365 m, the 90 mm Cockerill operated at a pressure of just 310 MPa and produced a recoil stroke of only 350 to 370 mm. Ammunition for the Cockerill gun was made by MECAR (another Belgian arms company) and included a potent Armor-Piercing Fin-Stabilised Discarding Sabot – Tracer (APFSDS-T) round with a muzzle velocity of 1,500 m/s, able to defeat even heavy targets. Furthermore, there were High Explosive Plastic rounds (HEP) to defeat bunkers, structures, light armor and also for indirect fire use, smoke, canister, High Explosive Anti-Tank (HEAT), and training rounds.
However, the plan to simply exchange the old 76 mm gun in the original M4A3 turret turned out to be impossible, so that Bernardini offered to adapt one of the company’s own turret designs, a cast turret for an upgrade for the indigenous CCL X1A2 “Carcará” tank that never materialized due to low Brazilian funds, to the M4’s very similar hull. The Uruguayan government agreed and the deal for the conversion of all M4s left in service was closed in late 1982. Some sources refer to this modernization as having occurred in 1983, while some others mention 1987.
The new Bernardini turret resembled the earlier Sherman turret, but it was overall larger and featured a long, characteristic jutty as a counterweight for the bigger and longer gun. It also offered ample space for a radio set and ammunition. The turret had a maximum armor strength of 114 mm (4.5 in) at the front, instead of the former 76 mm (3 in); traverse was full 360° (manual and electric-hydraulic) at a rate of 36°/sec. The turret’s higher overall weight was compensated for by the relatively light gun and the lighter engine – even though this raised the tank’s center of gravity and somewhat reduced its handling quality. The commander and gunner sat in the turret on the right side, with the commander provided with a domed U.S.-style cupola. The gunner did not have a hatch and was seated forward of the commander. A loading assistant was placed on the left side of the gun, with a separate hatch that was also used to board the tank by the crew and to load ammunition. A tool storage box was normally mounted externally on the rear of the already long bustle, and smoke grenade launchers could be mounted on each side of the turret – even though this never happened, and Uruguay apparently never procured such devices. A large radio antenna was mounted to the turret roof and at the rear of the jutty, command tanks had a second antenna for a dedicated inter-tank communication radio set next to the cupola.
The 90 mm Cockerill Mk. 7 gun had a rifled L/52 barrel and was outfitted with a light T-shaped muzzle brake and a smoke ejector. The secondary armament was changed to two 7.62 mm Browning M1919 machine guns (which were able to fire 7.62×51 mm NATO standard ammunition), one coaxial with the main gun and the other in the hull. A manually operated 12.7 mm Browning M2HB machine gun was mounted in an anti-aircraft position on the turret roof, in front of the commander cupola. A total of 55 rounds for the 90 mm gun were carried, plus 4,750 rounds for the 7.62 mm machine guns and 600 rounds for the 12.7 mm gun. This ammunition was mostly stored in the hull, the turret jutty held a new ammunition-ready rack with 11 rounds.
At some point following their modernization, during the late Eighties, all Uruguayan tanks were given a new, more subdued camouflage scheme, vaguely resembling the American woodland scheme, consisting of a very dark brown/black, light brown, and dark green. The prominent roundel was removed, too, an the vehicles’ tactical code was now either retained in a dark color on the turret side or completely omitted.
The 1990s saw the 13th Armored Infantry Battalion receive a fleet of fifteen BVP-1s purchased from the Czech Republic; ten more were delivered in 1996, with a further five in 1998, plus three vehicles for spare parts in 1999. These more modern infantry fighting vehicles would be operated alongside the M4s and M24s within the battalion’s fleet during the coming decades. Other purchases from the 1990s included, for example, Tiran-5Sh main battle tanks (revamped captured T-55s from Israel) and 2S1 self-propelled artillery pieces.
Uruguay retired its M4 fleet around 2012, but the light M24s soldiered on until 2019, when the last WWII type in Uruguayan service was eventually sorted out, after a long process that was delayed by a lack of an export permission for M41s as replacement from the United States for no less than six years.
Specifications:
Crew: Five (commander, gunner, loader, driver, radio operator/hull machine gun operator)
Weight: 33.7 tons combat loaded
Length: 6.87 m (22 ft 6 in) hull only
8.21 m (26 ft 10 1/2 in) overall with gun forward
Width: 3.42 m (11 ft 3 in) hull only
Height: 3,45 m (11 ft 3 3/4 in) w/o AA machine gun
Tread: 89 in
Ground clearance: 17 in (0.43 m)
Fire Height: 90 in (2.29 m)
Suspension: Horizontal volute spring
Fuel capacity: 168 gallons 80 Octane gasoline
Armor:
0.5 – 4.5 in (13 – 114 mm)
Performance:
Maximum speed: 30 mph (48 km/h) in a dash
26 mph (42 km/h) sustained on road
Operational range: 120 mi (193 km) on roads
Maximum grade: 60 percent
Maximum trench: 7.5 feet
Maximum vertical Wall: 24 inches
Maximum fording depth: 36 inches
Minimum turning circle: (diameter) 62 feet
Power/weight: 13.5 hp/ton
Ground pressure: Zero penetration 11.0 psi
Engine & transmission:
Continental AOS-895-3 six-cylinder air-cooled petrol engine with 500 bhp (370 kW),
coupled with an Allison CD-500-3 gearbox with 2 ranges forward, 1 reverse
Armament:
1× 90 mm (L/52) Cockerill Mk. 7 gun with 55 rounds
2× 7.62 mm Browning M1919 machine guns with a total of 4,750 rounds,
one co-axial with the main gun, another in the front glacis plate
1× 12.7 mm Browning M2HB anti-aircraft machine gun on the commander cupola with 600 rounds
The kit and its assembly:
This whiffy M4 Sherman was inspired by two things: one was that I have so far never built a fictional M4 before, despite the type’s large number in WWII and thereafter. And I had a surplus turret from a Japanese 1:72 Type 61 tank (Trumpeter kit) in the donor bank, which frequently grinned at me – but I never had a proper idea how to use it.
This changed when I combined both, and the idea of a post-WWII M4 conversion/modernization was born, inspired by the successful Israeli M50/51 upgrades. I also settled for an M4A3E8 chassis, because I wanted a relatively modern Sherman with a welded hull and the new running gear as the basis – and the choice fell on the respective Hasegawa kit (which has its fundamental scale and proportions flaws, but it was cheap and readily available). Using an alternative Trumpeter kit might have been a better choice from a detail point of view, but I think that the Hasegawa kit’s weaknesses are negligible – and this here is whifworld, after all.
The next conceptual problem arose quickly, though: who’d be the operator of this tank? A natural choice was Japan’s JGSDF, because they received M4A3E8s from the USA (the Hasegawa kit even provides decals for such a vehicle), and the Type 61 was its successor. But the Sherman was not very popular in Japan – it was quite big, with logistics problems (tunnel sizes, train transport), and the interior was not suited to the smaller Japanese crews. The JGSDF was quite happy to get rid of the vintage Shermans.
The IDF was another candidate, but the M50/51s were “already there”. After long further research I went across Middle and South America. Chile, for instance, operated a highly modified M4A3E8 upgrade with a 60 mm high-velocity gun called “M-60”. And Paraguay decided to re-activate its M3 and M4 fleet in 2014, even though only for training purposes.
I eventually settled for a small and rather exotic operator: Uruguay! I found a very good article about the M24 Chaffee’s active duty in this country, which lasted from 1958 until 2019(!), and these Chaffees underwent massive conversions and upgrades during their long career – and some M4s would be a nice and plausible company. Another selling point was that the Uruguayan Army’s roundel was easy to replicate, and, as a bonus, the M24s carried a very attractive camouflage early in their career.
With this concept, the build was straightforward: The M4A3E8 was basically built OOB, it went together with no trouble, even though its details appear rather clumsy and almost toylike these days. A good thing about the kit is, though, that you can paint the small road wheels separately, while the HVSS suspension can be attached to the hull. This makes painting quite easy and convenient.
Trumpeter’s Type 61 turret was another matter, though, because its fit was rather dubious and called for some PSR. Furthermore, it was incomplete: some small parts of it had already been used in other projects, so that I had to improvise.
First, I had to create an adapter so that it could be combined with the Sherman hull – it was created from styrene sheet and profiles, together with a “floor” for the turret with 0.5 mm sheet. But now the turret can be mounted into the original opening, and it fits like a glove into the intended space. Even the low deflector walls that protect its base fit snuggly around it, it’s a very natural combo (at least on the Hasegawa hull!).
Biggest problem was the missing original commander cupola. The spare box did not yield a proper replacement, so I ordered M48/M60 cupolas from Bulgaria-based OKB Grigorovich – very crisp stuff, the set comes with four pieces and the cupolas are even made from clear resin so that the periscopes have a natural look on the model. As a lucky coincidence, the cupola’s diameter perfectly matched the respective hole in the turret, so that the implant looks very natural. Because the cupola came with a separate hatch, I fixed it in an open position and added a crew figure from the Hasegawa Sherman.
The dozer blade was a late addition, inspired by equipment carried by some real Uruguayan M24s. However, in this case the device was scratched from the remains of a dozer blade from a WWII Bergehetzer. Hydraulic rams to lift it and some hoses were scratched from steel wire and various bits and pieces. Improvised, but it looks the part, and it’s a nice detail that fits well into the model’s real world historic background.
Painting and markings:
The camouflage is based on a single-color picture I was able to find of a Uruguayan M24 wearing it, providing a guesstimate basis for the four tones, and a profile drawing of the same vehicle, just from the other side. I settled upon Humbrol 63, 75, and mix of 150 with 63 and 10 with 85 for the respective tan (which appears very yellow-ish), dark green, light green and the very dark brown tone. The pattern is a free interpretation of what could be discerned on the reference material, with guesstimates for front, back and upper surfaces. As it is a retrofitted piece, the dozer shield became all dark green.
The model then received an overall washing with a highly thinned mix of black and dark brown acrylic artist paint. The vinyl tracks were painted, too, with a mix of grey, red brown and iron, all acrylic paints, too, that do not interact chemically with the soft vinyl in the long run.
Markings are minimal; the Uruguayan Army roundel is an Argentinian cocarde from an Airfix Skyhawk (and a bit pale) with a separate red decal stripe placed over it – unfortunately it’s a bit obscured by the handles running along the turret. The tactical code number came from an Israeli tank, and it had to be placed quite high because of the handles/rails.
Uruguayan tanks from the Eighties and earlier seem to have carried additional registration numbers, too, and I gave the Sherman the fictional code "A 247" on the glacis plate and its flanks. The nickname "Caesar" is a personal twist.
Dry-brushing with earth brown to further emphasize edges and details followed. Finally, the model was sealed with matt acrylic vanish (Italeri) overall, and some very light extra dry-brushing with silver and light grey was done to simulate flaked paint, esp. on the dozer blade. Dirt and rust residues were added here and there. After final assembly (the vinyl tracks refused to stick to the road wheels!), the lower areas of the model were powdered with mineral pigments to simulate dust.
All in all, this fictional Uruguayan Sherman update looks very natural and convincing. The Type 61 turret matched the M4A3E8 hull in an almost unnatural fashion, and the dozer blade adds a certain twist to the tank, even though this detail is rooted in Uruguay’s tank operations history. The disruptive “tiger stripes” paint scheme is also very attractive, and together with the unusual roundels the whole thing has a very exotic look – but it’s not unbelievable. :D
This must be one of the last XJ40 model cars, and this is a very base model example. Good to see some still about, as these haven't really become desirable yet. I remember lots of these in my childhood.
Registration number: M46 OKX
✔ Taxed
Tax due: 01 February 2016
✔ MOT
Expires: 14 December 2015
The offerings storage building and statuary of the Yareung Royal Burial Site, designated as Historical Site #207. Thanks to kkkk8155 for helping me with the correct spelling of "Yureung."
The M47 Patton was an American main battle tank, a development of the M46 Patton mounting an updated turret, and was in turn further developed as the M48 Patton. It was the second American tank to be named after General George S. Patton, commander of the U.S. Third Army during World War II and one of the earliest American advocates of tanks in battle.
The M47 was the U.S. Army's and Marine Corps' primary tank, intended to replace the M46 Patton and M4 Sherman medium tanks. The M47 was widely used by U.S. Cold War allies, both SEATO and NATO countries, and was the only Patton series tank that never saw combat while in US service.
Although similar in appearance to the later M48s and M60s, these were completely new tank designs. Many different M47 Patton models remain in service internationally. The M47 was the last US tank to have a bow-mounted machine gun in the hull.
Deployment
With the arrival of the improved M48 Patton in 1953, the M47 was declared 'limited standard' in 1955, and examples in tank units were replaced with the M48 series before long. After being declared obsolete in 1957, M46s and M47s were retained in active duty infantry division battlegroup assault gun platoons (four tanks each, one platoon per battlegroup, for a total of 20 tanks per division) until replaced with the light truck-mounted SS-10 anti-tank guided missile in the early 1960s. M47s were used by the Reserves for a relatively short time, soon being replaced by early production M48 Patton series tanks; thus, most of the M47s were exported in the late 1950s.
The US Marine Corps also fielded M47s starting in late 1952; after the Korean War, all seven Marine tank battalions, three divisional, two reserve training, and two force level, each fielded M47s. But these were soon replaced with M48A1 Pattons and M103 heavy tanks, with the last M47s being retired in 1959.
The M47 was widely used by many countries, especially NATO and SEATO allies, including Austria (147), Belgium (784), Ethiopia (30), France (856), Greece (396 from USA and West Germany), Iran (around 400), Italy (2,480), Japan (1 for evaluation only), Jordan (49), Pakistan (100), Portugal (161), Saudi Arabia (23 from the US, 108 on the international market), Somalia (25 from Saudi Arabia), South Korea (531), Sudan (17 from Saudi Arabia), Spain (389), Switzerland (2 for evaluation), Turkey (1,347 from the US and West Germany), West Germany (1,120), and Yugoslavia (319). Like the US Army of the time, the West German Bundeswehr also used some of their M47s as interim tank destroyers/assault guns until replaced by the Raketenjagdpanzer 1 tank destroyers armed with SS-11 anti-tank guided missiles in the early 1960s.
US Army M47s remaining in storage were expended as targets. In the 1970s, they were used for the M60A1's 105mm gun with devastating effect. The 105 mm HEAT round would penetrate the frontal armor with ease. Many M47s in like-new condition met their fate in this manner, showing the M60 crews first hand the effects of modern tank weapons on conventional steel armor.
A panoroma of the Milky Way around Orion and Canis Major, taking in Canis Minor as well, including the dog stars Sirius (lower) and Procyon (upper left). Around Orion you can see Barnard's Loop, as well as the Horsehead Nebula area below the Belt of Orion and the Orion Nebula in the Sword of Orion. Betelgeuse is at top left of Orion, Rigel at bottom right. Several star clusters are visible at this scale including M41 below Sirius and M46 and M47 left of Sirius. This is a mosaic of 2 frames, each a stack of 4 or 5 x 4 minute exposures at f/2.8 with the 35mm lens and modified Canon 5D MkII at ISO 800, plus each segment also having a glow layer composed of 2 x 4 minute exposures through the Kenko Softon diffusion filter. So a total of 11 exposures for this 2-frame mosaic, stacked and stitched in Photoshop CC. Taken from Painted Pony Resort (paintedponyresort.com/) near Rodeo, New Mexico, December 7, 2013. Lots of frost this night.