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Anything via instagram uploads within an hour after I took it, so the upload date is the same as the taken date. Unfortunately, the original EXIF data doesn't transfer, so the time isn't remembered.
Localized summer rain showers beyond the colorful orange erosion formations of Bryce Canyon National Park in the Utah USA
Example of localized significant damage to light grey, corrugated paper asbestos-containing pipe insulation, a type of TSI often referred to as "aircell" (looks similar to common corrugated cardboard).
An asbestos building inspection is an important first step in identifying potential exposure risks associated with asbestos hazards in various structures and facilities.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_egret
The great egret (Ardea alba) also known as common egret, large egret or (in the Old World) great white heron,[2][3][4] is a large, widely distributed egret. Distributed across most of the tropical and warmer temperate regions of the world, in southern Europe it is rather localized. In North America it is more widely distributed, and it is ubiquitous across the Sun Belt of the United States and in the Neotropics. The Old World population is often referred to as the great white egret. This species is sometimes confused with the great white heron of the Caribbean, which is a white morph of the closely related great blue heron (A. herodias).
Description
The great egret is a large heron with all-white plumage. Standing up to 1 m (3.3 ft) tall, this species can measure 80 to 104 cm (31 to 41 in) in length and have a wingspan of 131 to 170 cm (52 to 67 in).[5][6] Body mass can range from 700 to 1,500 g (1.5 to 3.3 lb), with an average of around 1,000 g (2.2 lb).[7] It is thus only slightly smaller than the great blue or grey heron (A. cinerea). Apart from size, the great egret can be distinguished from other white egrets by its yellow bill and black legs and feet, though the bill may become darker and the lower legs lighter in the breeding season. In breeding plumage, delicate ornamental feathers are borne on the back. Males and females are identical in appearance; juveniles look like non-breeding adults. Differentiated from the intermediate egret (Mesophoyx intermedius) by the gape, which extends well beyond the back of the eye in case of the great egret, but ends just behind the eye in case of the intermediate egret.
It has a slow flight, with its neck retracted. This is characteristic of herons and bitterns, and distinguishes them from storks, cranes, ibises, and spoonbills, which extend their necks in flight.
The great egret is not normally a vocal bird; it gives a low hoarse croak when disturbed, and at breeding colonies, it often gives a loud croaking cuk cuk cuk and higher-pitched squawks.
Systematics and taxonomy
Like all egrets, it is a member of the heron family, Ardeidae. Traditionally classified with the storks in the Ciconiiformes, the Ardeidae are closer relatives of pelicans and belong in the Pelecaniformes instead. The great egret—unlike the typical egrets—does not belong to the genus Egretta but together with the great herons is today placed in Ardea. In the past, however, it was sometimes placed in Egretta or separated in a monotypic genus Casmerodius.
Subspecies
There are four subspecies in various parts of the world, which differ but little. Differences are bare part coloration in the breeding season and size; the largest A. a. modesta from Asia and Australasia some taxonomists consider a full species, the eastern great egret (Ardea modesta).:
Ardea alba alba (Europe)
Ardea alba egretta (Americas)
Ardea alba melanorhynchos (Africa)
Ardea alba modesta (India, Southeast Asia, and Oceania)
Ecology and status
The great egret is partially migratory, with northern hemisphere birds moving south from areas with colder winters. It breeds in colonies in trees close to large lakes with reed beds or other extensive wetlands. It builds a bulky stick nest.
The great egret is generally a very successful species with a large and expanding range. In North America, large numbers of great egrets were killed around the end of the 19th century so that their plumes could be used to decorate hats. Numbers have since recovered as a result of conservation measures. Its range has expanded as far north as southern Canada. However, in some parts of the southern United States, its numbers have declined due to habitat loss. Nevertheless, it adapts well to human habitation and can be readily seen near wetlands and bodies of water in urban and suburban areas. In 1953, the great egret in flight was chosen as the symbol of the National Audubon Society, which was formed in part to prevent the killing of birds for their feathers.[8][9]
The great egret is one of the species to which the Agreement on the Conservation of African-Eurasian Migratory Waterbirds (AEWA) applies.
On 22 May 2012, it was announced a pair of great egrets were nesting in the UK for the first time at the Shapwick Heath nature reserve in Somerset.[10] The species is a rare visitor to the UK and Ben Aviss of the BBC stated that the news could mean the UK's first great egret colony is established.[10][11] The following week, Kevin Anderson of Natural England confirmed a great egret chick had hatched, making it a new breeding bird record for the UK.[12] Anderson commented "We've definitely seen one chick stretching a wing just before the adult arrived and also after it left and we continue to monitor for more. The eggs of the great egret can hatch over a period of a few days so it may be that if there are other young on the nest they will be less developed and won't be visible yet."[
Diet
The great egret feeds in shallow water or drier habitats, feeding mainly on fish, frogs, small mammals, and occasionally small reptiles and insects, spearing them with its long, sharp bill most of the time by standing still and allowing the prey to come within its striking distance of its bill which it uses as a spear. It will often wait motionless for prey, or slowly stalk its victim.
In culture
The great egret is depicted on the reverse side of a 5-Brazilian reais banknote.
White Egrets is the title of Saint Lucian poet Derek Walcott's fourteenth collection of poems.
The great egret is the symbol of the National Audubon Society.[13]
The name of venerable Shariputra, one of the Buddha's best known followers, signifies the son of the egret (among other possibilities), it is said that his mother had eyes like a great egret.[14]
In Belarus, there is a commemorative coin with the image of a Great egret.
Rising Tide Seattle along with participants who attended Backbone Campaign's Localize This! action camp launched a tremendously successful technical blockade action!-
EVERETT: Five local residents have stopped work at a Burlington Northern Santa-Fe Rail Yard in Everett by erecting a tripod structure on the outbound railroad tracks, directly in front of both a mile-long oil train and a coal train. Seattle resident Abby Brockway - a small business owner and mother - is suspended from the structure 18 feet above the tracks while four other residents are locked to the legs of the tripod. The group is demanding an immediate halt to all shipments of fossil fuels through the Northwest and calling on Governor Inslee to reject permits for all new fossil fuel projects in Washington, including proposed coal and oil terminals.
“People in the Pacific Northwest are forming a thin green line that will keep oil, coal and gas in the ground,” said Brockway, “Just one of these proposed terminals would process enough carbon to push us past the global warming tipping point - we won’t let that happen.”
Today’s protest has shut down work at BNSF’s Delta Rail Yard in Everett. With the increase of fossil fuel transport in recent years the yard has become a crucial staging ground for coal trains headed to Canadian export terminals and oil trains bound for Washington refineries. An oil train carrying explosive bakken crude oil sat stalled while the protest continued.
“Exploding oil trains running through my town are just a reminder of how out of control the fossil fuel industry really is,” said Jackie Minchew an Everett resident and retired educator locked to one of the tripod’s poles.
In a controversial move, Burlington Northern Santa Fe recently announced a tentative deal with union leaders to reduce train crews from an engineer and conductor to a single engineer. The oil train that derailed and exploded in Lac-Megantic, Quebec was crewed by a single engineer. BNSF claims that oil trains will continue to have two-person crews, but critics point out that nothing in the proposed contract binds the company to that statement. Under the proposed deal, coal trains would be operated by a single crew-member.
“BNSF is endangering workers, communities and our environment. They should keep the conductors and lose the oil trains,” said Brockway.
The surge in oil train traffic is already impacting passenger rail and agricultural shipments. Farmers from the Midwest to Washington State have faced what they call “unprecedented” delays in moving Wheat and other products to West Coast ports. Amtrak service through fossil-fuel train corridors has also suffered significant disruption, and officials have expressed concern that the problem will only get worse as more terminals come online.
“Railroads can be part of the solution, transporting crops and people or part of the problem with coal and oil. We should make that decision, not the fossil fuel companies,” Said Patrick Mazza, a longtime climate activist also locked to the tracks.
Mazza says he is taking this action for his daughter, who will turn 18 tomorrow.
“My last act as a father before my daughter reaches full adulthood tomorrow is to put my body on the line today,” Said Mazza, “It is up to us of the parental generation to do our absolute best to leave the least climate disrupted world we can, to put our bodies on the line to give our kids a fighting chance to deal with what we have left them.”
Development of extreme energy projects--like the Alberta tar sands, Bakken Shale oil and coal from the Powder River Basin--has fueled an explosion in proposed fossil fuel infrastructure in the Northwest. More than twenty new or expanded coal, oil, and gas terminals are proposed between British Columbia, Washington, and Oregon. In both states and British Columbia, these proposals have been met with fierce local resistance. Local communities have challenged both the safety of transporting coal, oil, and volatile gas through their communities and the role of fossil fuel export in fueling catastrophic climate disruption. Proposed coal terminals in Longview and Bellingham, and oil terminals in Vancouver and Gray’s Harbor, would lead to more carbon emissions than produced in the state of Washington each year.
“We could pass every climate initiative proposed by Governor Inslee, but if we let these terminals be built our future is on the chopping block,” said Liz Spoerri a Seattle middle school teacher also locked on the tracks.
While proposed coal and oil terminals have been controversial for years, climate activists in the Northwest have significantly intensified their tactics this summer. In Montana, residents sat on the tracks to block a coal train last April, and again on August 16,. In early July a woman locked herself to a 55-gallon barrel filled with concrete, blocking oil-trains at a Portland facility. In a similar action on July 28, three people blocked oil-trains at the Tesoro refinery in Anacortes by locking themselves to concrete filled barrels. Most recently, three Seattle residents, including state legislative candidate Jess Spear, were arrested blocking oil and coal trains near the Seattle Waterfront.
“People in the Northwest are not going to allow this region to become a fossil fuel superhighway,” said Mike LaPoint, an Everett small business owner locked on the tracks. “This is just a sample of the resistance that will happen if any large fossil fuel project is permitted.”
Despite controversy, the number of fossil fuel trains on Washington’s rails continues to rise. While larger coal and oil terminals are undergoing lengthy environmental reviews, projects at Washington’s refineries have brought approximately two oil trains per day to communities like Seattle and Everett. While the Department of Ecology conducts a study on the safety of oil-by-rail construction continues on a new terminal at the Phillips 66 refinery in Ferndale, and local officials are attempting to fast-track an oil train terminal at Shell’s Puget Sound Refinery without environmental review. Each of these projects could add up to six oil trains per week to the rails. Expansions at the Fraser Surrey Docks coal export facility in Vancouver, Canada, would increase the number of coal trains moving through Washington. Activists are demanding an immediate moratorium on all new fossil fuel terminals.
“Politicians play a blame game and talk about safety, but new terminals keep getting rubber stamped and built,” said LaPoint, “If elected officials won’t stop the fossil fuel takeover, we’ll have to do it for them”
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Rising Tide Seattle is a grassroots, all-volunteer collective dedicated to taking direct action to confront the root causes of climate change, and support communities on the frontlines of extractive industries.
This is an F22 Raptor that can fly 1,500 MPH! I didn't quite understand what I was seeing when I looked at my photos - At first, I thought those were clouds around the jet! This is what it really is -
A VAPOR CONE also known as shock collar or shock egg, is a visible cloud of condensed water which can sometimes form around an object moving at high speed through moist air, for example an aircraft flying at transonic speeds. When the localized air pressure around the object drops, so does the air temperature. If the temperature drops below the saturation temperature a cloud forms. AMAZING!
Group: Backbone Campaign and the Localize This! Action Camp participants
Facebook event page HERE
Racism: The Elephant in the Room (or Park)
Seattle, Washington, August 17, 2015 - People are invited to participatein a public interactive art installation to expose racism as the"elephant in the room".
On Monday, August 17, 2015, from 11:00 am to 1:30 pm, at Westlake Parkin Seattle, the public is invited to join us in learning about racismand white privilege through visually rich, interactive art andengagement in positive dialog and seek skills for addressinginstitutional racism.
At 2 pm, the action moves from Westlake to the City Council chambers. There, activists will challenge City Council members to combatinstitutional racism by protecting Hookah Lounges, predominantly ownedby people of color and currently under attack. They will also call onthe Council to reject zoning that will permit the construction of anexpanded juvenile detention center, misleadingly called the "King CountyFamily and Children's Justice Center," stop the city-sponsoredgentrification of areas in the city that are home to people of color,and to end police brutality.
This interactive art exhibit and challenge to the City Council arecoming from a collection of activists who are from the Pacific Northwestand around the country that met at a Backbone Campaign's Localize This! Action Camp. As a group, we are predominantly white activists who are looking inwardsand reaching out to our peers to join us in this action. We arechallenging ourselves and others to move beyond denial and defensivenessto commit to taking one concrete step towards racial justice and toshare our challenge.
Find more at hashtags #ICommit2 and #SEARacismHear.
email: info@backbonecampaign.org
© 2008-2010 Servalpe. Photos are copyrighted. All rights reserved. Pictures can not be used without explicit permission by the creator.
Localization:
Picture taken at Everglades National Park (FL, USA)
Everglades National Park is a national park in the U.S. state of Florida that protects the southern 25 percent of the original Everglades. It is the largest subtropical wilderness in the United States, and is visited by one million people each year.It is the third-largest national park in the lower 48 states after Death Valley National Park and Yellowstone National Park. The park has been declared an International Biosphere Reserve, a World Heritage Site, and a Wetland of International Importance, only one of three locations in the world to appear on all three lists.
Unlike most U.S. national parks, Everglades National Park was created to protect a fragile ecosystem instead of safeguarding a unique geographic feature. The Everglades are a slow-moving river originating in Lake Okeechobee, fed by the Kissimmee River, and flowing southwest at about .25 miles (0.40 km) per day into Florida Bay. The wetlands in the park are an interconnected network of marshland and forest ecosystems that are maintained by natural forces. Thirty-six species designated as threatened or protected live in the park, including the Florida panther, the American crocodile, and the West Indian manatee. The park protects the largest U.S. wilderness area east of the Mississippi River,[5] is the most significant breeding ground for tropical wading birds in North America, and contains the largest mangrove ecosystem in the western hemisphere.More than 350 species of birds, 300 species of fresh and saltwater fish, 40 species of mammals, and 50 species of reptiles live within Everglades National Park. All of South Florida's fresh water, stored in the Biscayne Aquifer, is recharged by the park.
Although humans have lived in the Everglades for thousands of years, not until 1882 did the region begin to be drained for agricultural or residential use. In the 20th century the water flow from Lake Okeechobee was controlled and diverted to the explosive growth of the South Florida metropolitan area. The park was established in 1934 to protect the quickly vanishing Everglades and dedicated in 1947, the same year massive building projects across South Florida began to restrict the natural flow of water. The ecosystems in Everglades National Park have suffered significantly from human activity, and the repair and restoration of the Everglades is a politically charged issue in South Florida.
Exif Data:
Sony DSC-H5 |
Processing:
Lightroom for catalog > Color adjusments + Topaz Adjust and Details + Noiseware + Sharpening at PS.
Very localized, but abundant where they occur, Snow Geese typically are seen in large numbers or not at all.
Rising Tide Seattle along with participants who attended Backbone Campaign's Localize This! action camp launched a tremendously successful technical blockade action!-
EVERETT: Five local residents have stopped work at a Burlington Northern Santa-Fe Rail Yard in Everett by erecting a tripod structure on the outbound railroad tracks, directly in front of both a mile-long oil train and a coal train. Seattle resident Abby Brockway - a small business owner and mother - is suspended from the structure 18 feet above the tracks while four other residents are locked to the legs of the tripod. The group is demanding an immediate halt to all shipments of fossil fuels through the Northwest and calling on Governor Inslee to reject permits for all new fossil fuel projects in Washington, including proposed coal and oil terminals.
“People in the Pacific Northwest are forming a thin green line that will keep oil, coal and gas in the ground,” said Brockway, “Just one of these proposed terminals would process enough carbon to push us past the global warming tipping point - we won’t let that happen.”
Today’s protest has shut down work at BNSF’s Delta Rail Yard in Everett. With the increase of fossil fuel transport in recent years the yard has become a crucial staging ground for coal trains headed to Canadian export terminals and oil trains bound for Washington refineries. An oil train carrying explosive bakken crude oil sat stalled while the protest continued.
“Exploding oil trains running through my town are just a reminder of how out of control the fossil fuel industry really is,” said Jackie Minchew an Everett resident and retired educator locked to one of the tripod’s poles.
In a controversial move, Burlington Northern Santa Fe recently announced a tentative deal with union leaders to reduce train crews from an engineer and conductor to a single engineer. The oil train that derailed and exploded in Lac-Megantic, Quebec was crewed by a single engineer. BNSF claims that oil trains will continue to have two-person crews, but critics point out that nothing in the proposed contract binds the company to that statement. Under the proposed deal, coal trains would be operated by a single crew-member.
“BNSF is endangering workers, communities and our environment. They should keep the conductors and lose the oil trains,” said Brockway.
The surge in oil train traffic is already impacting passenger rail and agricultural shipments. Farmers from the Midwest to Washington State have faced what they call “unprecedented” delays in moving Wheat and other products to West Coast ports. Amtrak service through fossil-fuel train corridors has also suffered significant disruption, and officials have expressed concern that the problem will only get worse as more terminals come online.
“Railroads can be part of the solution, transporting crops and people or part of the problem with coal and oil. We should make that decision, not the fossil fuel companies,” Said Patrick Mazza, a longtime climate activist also locked to the tracks.
Mazza says he is taking this action for his daughter, who will turn 18 tomorrow.
“My last act as a father before my daughter reaches full adulthood tomorrow is to put my body on the line today,” Said Mazza, “It is up to us of the parental generation to do our absolute best to leave the least climate disrupted world we can, to put our bodies on the line to give our kids a fighting chance to deal with what we have left them.”
Development of extreme energy projects--like the Alberta tar sands, Bakken Shale oil and coal from the Powder River Basin--has fueled an explosion in proposed fossil fuel infrastructure in the Northwest. More than twenty new or expanded coal, oil, and gas terminals are proposed between British Columbia, Washington, and Oregon. In both states and British Columbia, these proposals have been met with fierce local resistance. Local communities have challenged both the safety of transporting coal, oil, and volatile gas through their communities and the role of fossil fuel export in fueling catastrophic climate disruption. Proposed coal terminals in Longview and Bellingham, and oil terminals in Vancouver and Gray’s Harbor, would lead to more carbon emissions than produced in the state of Washington each year.
“We could pass every climate initiative proposed by Governor Inslee, but if we let these terminals be built our future is on the chopping block,” said Liz Spoerri a Seattle middle school teacher also locked on the tracks.
While proposed coal and oil terminals have been controversial for years, climate activists in the Northwest have significantly intensified their tactics this summer. In Montana, residents sat on the tracks to block a coal train last April, and again on August 16,. In early July a woman locked herself to a 55-gallon barrel filled with concrete, blocking oil-trains at a Portland facility. In a similar action on July 28, three people blocked oil-trains at the Tesoro refinery in Anacortes by locking themselves to concrete filled barrels. Most recently, three Seattle residents, including state legislative candidate Jess Spear, were arrested blocking oil and coal trains near the Seattle Waterfront.
“People in the Northwest are not going to allow this region to become a fossil fuel superhighway,” said Mike LaPoint, an Everett small business owner locked on the tracks. “This is just a sample of the resistance that will happen if any large fossil fuel project is permitted.”
Despite controversy, the number of fossil fuel trains on Washington’s rails continues to rise. While larger coal and oil terminals are undergoing lengthy environmental reviews, projects at Washington’s refineries have brought approximately two oil trains per day to communities like Seattle and Everett. While the Department of Ecology conducts a study on the safety of oil-by-rail construction continues on a new terminal at the Phillips 66 refinery in Ferndale, and local officials are attempting to fast-track an oil train terminal at Shell’s Puget Sound Refinery without environmental review. Each of these projects could add up to six oil trains per week to the rails. Expansions at the Fraser Surrey Docks coal export facility in Vancouver, Canada, would increase the number of coal trains moving through Washington. Activists are demanding an immediate moratorium on all new fossil fuel terminals.
“Politicians play a blame game and talk about safety, but new terminals keep getting rubber stamped and built,” said LaPoint, “If elected officials won’t stop the fossil fuel takeover, we’ll have to do it for them”
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Rising Tide Seattle is a grassroots, all-volunteer collective dedicated to taking direct action to confront the root causes of climate change, and support communities on the frontlines of extractive industries.
Rising Tide Seattle along with participants who attended Backbone Campaign's Localize This! action camp launched a tremendously successful technical blockade action!-
EVERETT: Five local residents have stopped work at a Burlington Northern Santa-Fe Rail Yard in Everett by erecting a tripod structure on the outbound railroad tracks, directly in front of both a mile-long oil train and a coal train. Seattle resident Abby Brockway - a small business owner and mother - is suspended from the structure 18 feet above the tracks while four other residents are locked to the legs of the tripod. The group is demanding an immediate halt to all shipments of fossil fuels through the Northwest and calling on Governor Inslee to reject permits for all new fossil fuel projects in Washington, including proposed coal and oil terminals.
“People in the Pacific Northwest are forming a thin green line that will keep oil, coal and gas in the ground,” said Brockway, “Just one of these proposed terminals would process enough carbon to push us past the global warming tipping point - we won’t let that happen.”
Today’s protest has shut down work at BNSF’s Delta Rail Yard in Everett. With the increase of fossil fuel transport in recent years the yard has become a crucial staging ground for coal trains headed to Canadian export terminals and oil trains bound for Washington refineries. An oil train carrying explosive bakken crude oil sat stalled while the protest continued.
“Exploding oil trains running through my town are just a reminder of how out of control the fossil fuel industry really is,” said Jackie Minchew an Everett resident and retired educator locked to one of the tripod’s poles.
In a controversial move, Burlington Northern Santa Fe recently announced a tentative deal with union leaders to reduce train crews from an engineer and conductor to a single engineer. The oil train that derailed and exploded in Lac-Megantic, Quebec was crewed by a single engineer. BNSF claims that oil trains will continue to have two-person crews, but critics point out that nothing in the proposed contract binds the company to that statement. Under the proposed deal, coal trains would be operated by a single crew-member.
“BNSF is endangering workers, communities and our environment. They should keep the conductors and lose the oil trains,” said Brockway.
The surge in oil train traffic is already impacting passenger rail and agricultural shipments. Farmers from the Midwest to Washington State have faced what they call “unprecedented” delays in moving Wheat and other products to West Coast ports. Amtrak service through fossil-fuel train corridors has also suffered significant disruption, and officials have expressed concern that the problem will only get worse as more terminals come online.
“Railroads can be part of the solution, transporting crops and people or part of the problem with coal and oil. We should make that decision, not the fossil fuel companies,” Said Patrick Mazza, a longtime climate activist also locked to the tracks.
Mazza says he is taking this action for his daughter, who will turn 18 tomorrow.
“My last act as a father before my daughter reaches full adulthood tomorrow is to put my body on the line today,” Said Mazza, “It is up to us of the parental generation to do our absolute best to leave the least climate disrupted world we can, to put our bodies on the line to give our kids a fighting chance to deal with what we have left them.”
Development of extreme energy projects--like the Alberta tar sands, Bakken Shale oil and coal from the Powder River Basin--has fueled an explosion in proposed fossil fuel infrastructure in the Northwest. More than twenty new or expanded coal, oil, and gas terminals are proposed between British Columbia, Washington, and Oregon. In both states and British Columbia, these proposals have been met with fierce local resistance. Local communities have challenged both the safety of transporting coal, oil, and volatile gas through their communities and the role of fossil fuel export in fueling catastrophic climate disruption. Proposed coal terminals in Longview and Bellingham, and oil terminals in Vancouver and Gray’s Harbor, would lead to more carbon emissions than produced in the state of Washington each year.
“We could pass every climate initiative proposed by Governor Inslee, but if we let these terminals be built our future is on the chopping block,” said Liz Spoerri a Seattle middle school teacher also locked on the tracks.
While proposed coal and oil terminals have been controversial for years, climate activists in the Northwest have significantly intensified their tactics this summer. In Montana, residents sat on the tracks to block a coal train last April, and again on August 16,. In early July a woman locked herself to a 55-gallon barrel filled with concrete, blocking oil-trains at a Portland facility. In a similar action on July 28, three people blocked oil-trains at the Tesoro refinery in Anacortes by locking themselves to concrete filled barrels. Most recently, three Seattle residents, including state legislative candidate Jess Spear, were arrested blocking oil and coal trains near the Seattle Waterfront.
“People in the Northwest are not going to allow this region to become a fossil fuel superhighway,” said Mike LaPoint, an Everett small business owner locked on the tracks. “This is just a sample of the resistance that will happen if any large fossil fuel project is permitted.”
Despite controversy, the number of fossil fuel trains on Washington’s rails continues to rise. While larger coal and oil terminals are undergoing lengthy environmental reviews, projects at Washington’s refineries have brought approximately two oil trains per day to communities like Seattle and Everett. While the Department of Ecology conducts a study on the safety of oil-by-rail construction continues on a new terminal at the Phillips 66 refinery in Ferndale, and local officials are attempting to fast-track an oil train terminal at Shell’s Puget Sound Refinery without environmental review. Each of these projects could add up to six oil trains per week to the rails. Expansions at the Fraser Surrey Docks coal export facility in Vancouver, Canada, would increase the number of coal trains moving through Washington. Activists are demanding an immediate moratorium on all new fossil fuel terminals.
“Politicians play a blame game and talk about safety, but new terminals keep getting rubber stamped and built,” said LaPoint, “If elected officials won’t stop the fossil fuel takeover, we’ll have to do it for them”
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Rising Tide Seattle is a grassroots, all-volunteer collective dedicated to taking direct action to confront the root causes of climate change, and support communities on the frontlines of extractive industries.
www.spanishhelpnow.com/uncategorized/irregular-conjugatio...
noto avola marina sicilia sicily italia italy landscape wallpaper castielli travel creative commons zero cc0 cc gnuckx facebook bebo news notizie panoramio flickr googleearth high qualiy photo gallery picture pic pics maps googlemaps geotagged geotag gps localized locale wiki wikipedia
The localization on the map shows the production location of the fish and not the location of the photograph.
This mid-fifteenth century illuminated Book of Hours is written entirely in Dutch on fine vellum, and is remarkable for its eighteen grisaille miniatures. The technique, wherein the figures are modeled primarily in a gray wash, became a favorite in the Netherlands, and the hand behind the paintings in this manuscript has been identified with a group of artists known as the "Masters of the Delft Grisailles." This manuscript has been grouped with more than a dozen related works, including New York PML M. 349, London, Victoria and Albert Geo. Reid Ms. 32, Leiden B.P.L. 224, Brussels, BR 21696, Antwerp, Plantein Moretus Ms. 49, and the Hague K.B. Ms. 74 G 35. The manuscript is comprised of 152 folios and is almost completely intact, lacking only two miniatures, and retains its original brown leather binding decorated with mythological beasts and a now illegible inscription. The calendar is for the use of Utrecht, which helps localize its original ownership, as might a mostly erased ownership inscription that has been partially recovered by Marrow. The illumination begins the suffrage.
To explore fully digitized manuscripts with a virtual page-turning application, please visit Walters Ex Libris.
Airbus A-319-111, cn: 4437. G-EZGB, EasyJet, establecido en el localizador para la pista 24 izda. 3500 pies, sobre Costitx.
Airbus A319-111, cn.4437, G-EZGB EasyJet, established on the localizer for runway 24 left 3500 feet, over Costitx.
Supa Pewee Kids Art Poster Book Cartoon Image Kat Chu Kawaii Chibi Manga GN Anime SD Japan Cartoon Frame Scene Story Art Fitz Music Hip Hop Rap Poetry Writing Club Kodomo Children Asian Art Form Action Posters Prints Cd Song Lyric Book Poetry Americana Ali-P Super Pop Pee Wee Pink Bad Girl Superhero Costume Cosplay Fantasy Lil Pink Fandom Dino Hermee Dinosaur Pets Spectrum School Bus Stuff We Do Music Raps JRC Text Note Paper Card Poster Sticker Toy Patch Box Supa Pewee Kids Story Mason Valentine Alison Parker is B-Pop Ali-P Monkey Tree Big House Hip Hop Pop Rock Poetry Red Pot Climb Super Nasty Writers Club Images Picture Tunes Download CD Album Music Tooth Pod Car Pee Wee Pop Head Rock SD NYC Japan Sea Sun Star Cat Mask Puppy Food Shonen Seinen Super Picture Text Symbol Paint By Number Android Game App Lil Dinosaur Pet Child Hero Play Set Children Bugs Lil Insect Toy Skateboard Kart Bike 3 Wheel Cart Scooter Engine Cart Race Nasty Pop Scene Japanese Girl Appeal Harajuku Skater Strip Tokyo Graffiti Ink Chibi Comic Manga Super Deformed Cartoon Character Memo Text Note Paper Card Poster Sticker Toy Pod Car Pee Wee Pop Head Rock SD NYC Japan Sea Sun Star Cat Mask Puppy Food Shonen Seinen Comic Page Picture Super Deformed Children Animation Color Illustrated Animated Strip Funny Story Kodomo Book Picture Text Symbol Paint By Number Android Game App Lil Dinosaur Pet Child Hero Play
Mason Valentine His Pets Do it For Em Book Cover Poster Image Musical Poetry Rap Hip Hop Song Lyrics - SPWK Supa Pewee Kids - JRC Junior Riters Club Song Writers Club - Super Pee Wee Kids Characters Mason Valentine B-Pop Kat Story Book Music Tokyo Fitz Street Art Urban Fashion Yahoo
As We Walk - Supa Pewee Kids - Comic Book Pages Mason Valentine & B-Pop SPWK American Cartoon Kids Story Art Illustration Twistidlee Unique Poetree Americana Poetry Song Music Hip Hop Rap Comic Book B-Pop Supa Pewee Kids Super Pop Cartoon Characters Anime andom Hip Hop Rap Book Strip Songs Art Stories Storys Bad Kids Girl Twisted Unique Poetry American Poet Poem Americana Opus Comic Book Collection Tooth Pod Car Pee Wee Pop Head Rock SD NYC Japan Sea Sun Star Cat Mask Puppy Food Shonen Seinen Super Picture Text Symbol Paint By Number Android Game App Lil Dinosaur Pet Child Hero Play Set Children Bugs Lil Insect Toy Skateboard Kart Bike 3 Wheel Cart Scooter Engine Cart Race Nasty Pop Scene Japanese Girl Appeal Harajuku Skater Strip Tokyo Graffiti Ink Chibi Comic Manga Super Deformed nt By Number Android Game App Lil Dinosaur Pet Child Hero Play Set Kart Bike 3 Wheel Cart Scooter Engine Cart Race Nasty Pop Scene Japanese Girl Appeal Harajuku Skater Strip Tokyo Urban Graffiti Ink Street Love Pink Green Style Role Cosplay Video t Cape Boots Cape Sticker Decal Film Cell TattooReal Classic Hip Hop Rap Rock Pop Dance Electronic Music Scene Funk Techno LP Wax Spin DJ EP Record Sales The Write Lyrics Disc Ticket Write Sing R&B Jazz Song Music Book Sheet Page Album Collect Dig Radio FM AM Vinyl Shop Store NYC New York Arts Note Art Key Guitar Drums Beat Dance Culture Wallpaper Store Wall Paper Download Tunes Disc Fashion Graffiti Resident Teen Adult Fiction Kids Poster Card Bill Show Beat Cover Track List Title Decal Skate Board Wheel Skater Sticker Emblem Trick Truck Love Heart Skull Fuse Fusion Image Logo Video VHS VCR Tape Record Universal Background Play Seat Sit Head Cell Phone Microphone Run Masters Headphone Urban Nation Ink Tattoo Award Film Fact Drama Horror Night Honors Street Urban Hood Loft Live Pink Blue Green Red Ski Mask Ball Rat Mouse Trap Silent Camera Cord Wireless Oil Potrait Frame Blue Print Copy Remix Play Produce Industry Seed CD DVD Movie Stage Theater Performance Remix Written Conect Battle Ship Jeep Tank Tattoo Art Black Purple Red Green Rain Lake Yellow Orange Spectrum Brown Colors Spectrum Boy Girl Toy Action Figure Sneakers Jacket Pants Sweat Shirt Music Genre Category Asap Video Hand Write Hip Hop Club Pop Electronic Sculpt Carve Apple Pie Pumpkin Peach Plant Tree Org Com Speakers Sound System .com .org Tweeter Camera Audio AM FM Wave Burst Sound American Spy
Video Arcage Game Boardgame Love Valentines Day Clay Jar Mix Plastic Glass Booster Big Booster Jacket Sox Tank Train Plane Plain Rail Road Real Estate Reality House Building Home Rail Build Vacation Florida FL NY New York California States Country Boots Toy Laser Pen Gun Diner Food Breakfast Diet Bike Big Wheel Remote Control Car Joy Stick College Art Music Colage Scrape ScrapBig Black White Coloring Book Dictionary Encyclopedia Sky Ocean Science Action Figure Pulse Motorcycle Boat Sale Ocean Moon Waves Space Air Ship Craft Woofer Tweeter Audio Bost Bass Club Speaker Car Van Truck Train Boat Speed Set Sound Light System CD Disc Tracks List Songs Music Stereo Bass Walkman Cassette Disc Man Data Computer Video Game Album Record Musical Poet Poetry Poem Valentine MP MP3
Compact Disc Lyric Words Windows Note Word Notes Boost Headphones Cord Gear itunes Pod Ipod Pad Tablet Monitor Touch Screen Micro Memory Adapter USB Keyboard Mouse
Mouse Hub Vinyl Wax Pulse Mobile Android Plan Race Car Track Train Engine Speed Flag Country Tires Wheel Stick Shift Seat Track Road Gas Set Motor Cycle Motorcycle Sport
Street Jacket Leather Hat Accessories Pole Cart Go Long Kart Moto Position Man Steering Wheel Post Horse Dog Nut Bolt
Universal Background Play Seat Sit Head Cell Phone Microphone Run Masters Headphone Urban Nation Ink Supplies Hotel Battle Baseball Football Party Bet Greatness Casino Chips Floor Strip Sun Odds Event Pay Tank Battle for States Localized Awards University Education Europe La Nouvelle Manga List Closed Dunk Series Piece Ball Jack Construction Creative Dolls Educational List Closed Dunk Leaves Safety Rack Grim Keeper n Act Fruit Apple Flash Light Movie Ancient Mummy Monster Snowman Monster Movie Patch Skull Myth Creature Mad Scientist Magic Fairy Tale Story Candle Skeleton Logo Boots Suit Cape
Halloween pretty 6d classic chicago rocks nyc metal feet auto world australia fun blur silhouette lego sculpture chile paint moon polaroid barcelona outdoors dusk shore lens side beed of naturale boeing duck bar bay station shop indoor port tulip bag blue sky field fishing texture sunny temple hill fly woods cathedral hiking selfie door sculpture bright long horse
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sky flower red blue nature night tree white green flower portrait art light snow dog sun clouds cat winter park street landscape summer trees sea city yellow christmas lake family bridge people bird river pink house car food old macro new
Crewmen complete localized repairs at the corner of Anderson and Harborview roads in Birch Bay before packing up and moving on to the next location.
On Saturday, August 29 high winds resulted in a lot of downed trees, power lines and other debris which made access to affected areas difficult. In many locations tree crews have had to remove large downed trees and limbs before power restoration work could begin.
We watched the sun get lower while isolated rain was raining all around. This was the heaviest of the rain fall. It was really cool to watch it go up in to the mountains.
Crewmen complete localized repairs at the corner of Anderson and Harborview roads in Birch Bay before packing up and moving on to the next location.
On Saturday, August 29 high winds resulted in a lot of downed trees, power lines and other debris which made access to affected areas difficult. In many locations tree crews have had to remove large downed trees and limbs before power restoration work could begin.
Crewmen complete localized repairs at the corner of Anderson and Harborview roads in Birch Bay before packing up and moving on to the next location.
On Saturday, August 29 high winds resulted in a lot of downed trees, power lines and other debris which made access to affected areas difficult. In many locations tree crews have had to remove large downed trees and limbs before power restoration work could begin.
Crewmen complete localized repairs at the corner of Anderson and Harborview roads in Birch Bay before packing up and moving on to the next location.
On Saturday, August 29 high winds resulted in a lot of downed trees, power lines and other debris which made access to affected areas difficult. In many locations tree crews have had to remove large downed trees and limbs before power restoration work could begin.
Rising Tide Seattle along with participants who attended Backbone Campaign's Localize This! action camp launched a tremendously successful technical blockade action!-
EVERETT: Five local residents have stopped work at a Burlington Northern Santa-Fe Rail Yard in Everett by erecting a tripod structure on the outbound railroad tracks, directly in front of both a mile-long oil train and a coal train. Seattle resident Abby Brockway - a small business owner and mother - is suspended from the structure 18 feet above the tracks while four other residents are locked to the legs of the tripod. The group is demanding an immediate halt to all shipments of fossil fuels through the Northwest and calling on Governor Inslee to reject permits for all new fossil fuel projects in Washington, including proposed coal and oil terminals.
“People in the Pacific Northwest are forming a thin green line that will keep oil, coal and gas in the ground,” said Brockway, “Just one of these proposed terminals would process enough carbon to push us past the global warming tipping point - we won’t let that happen.”
Today’s protest has shut down work at BNSF’s Delta Rail Yard in Everett. With the increase of fossil fuel transport in recent years the yard has become a crucial staging ground for coal trains headed to Canadian export terminals and oil trains bound for Washington refineries. An oil train carrying explosive bakken crude oil sat stalled while the protest continued.
“Exploding oil trains running through my town are just a reminder of how out of control the fossil fuel industry really is,” said Jackie Minchew an Everett resident and retired educator locked to one of the tripod’s poles.
In a controversial move, Burlington Northern Santa Fe recently announced a tentative deal with union leaders to reduce train crews from an engineer and conductor to a single engineer. The oil train that derailed and exploded in Lac-Megantic, Quebec was crewed by a single engineer. BNSF claims that oil trains will continue to have two-person crews, but critics point out that nothing in the proposed contract binds the company to that statement. Under the proposed deal, coal trains would be operated by a single crew-member.
“BNSF is endangering workers, communities and our environment. They should keep the conductors and lose the oil trains,” said Brockway.
The surge in oil train traffic is already impacting passenger rail and agricultural shipments. Farmers from the Midwest to Washington State have faced what they call “unprecedented” delays in moving Wheat and other products to West Coast ports. Amtrak service through fossil-fuel train corridors has also suffered significant disruption, and officials have expressed concern that the problem will only get worse as more terminals come online.
“Railroads can be part of the solution, transporting crops and people or part of the problem with coal and oil. We should make that decision, not the fossil fuel companies,” Said Patrick Mazza, a longtime climate activist also locked to the tracks.
Mazza says he is taking this action for his daughter, who will turn 18 tomorrow.
“My last act as a father before my daughter reaches full adulthood tomorrow is to put my body on the line today,” Said Mazza, “It is up to us of the parental generation to do our absolute best to leave the least climate disrupted world we can, to put our bodies on the line to give our kids a fighting chance to deal with what we have left them.”
Development of extreme energy projects--like the Alberta tar sands, Bakken Shale oil and coal from the Powder River Basin--has fueled an explosion in proposed fossil fuel infrastructure in the Northwest. More than twenty new or expanded coal, oil, and gas terminals are proposed between British Columbia, Washington, and Oregon. In both states and British Columbia, these proposals have been met with fierce local resistance. Local communities have challenged both the safety of transporting coal, oil, and volatile gas through their communities and the role of fossil fuel export in fueling catastrophic climate disruption. Proposed coal terminals in Longview and Bellingham, and oil terminals in Vancouver and Gray’s Harbor, would lead to more carbon emissions than produced in the state of Washington each year.
“We could pass every climate initiative proposed by Governor Inslee, but if we let these terminals be built our future is on the chopping block,” said Liz Spoerri a Seattle middle school teacher also locked on the tracks.
While proposed coal and oil terminals have been controversial for years, climate activists in the Northwest have significantly intensified their tactics this summer. In Montana, residents sat on the tracks to block a coal train last April, and again on August 16,. In early July a woman locked herself to a 55-gallon barrel filled with concrete, blocking oil-trains at a Portland facility. In a similar action on July 28, three people blocked oil-trains at the Tesoro refinery in Anacortes by locking themselves to concrete filled barrels. Most recently, three Seattle residents, including state legislative candidate Jess Spear, were arrested blocking oil and coal trains near the Seattle Waterfront.
“People in the Northwest are not going to allow this region to become a fossil fuel superhighway,” said Mike LaPoint, an Everett small business owner locked on the tracks. “This is just a sample of the resistance that will happen if any large fossil fuel project is permitted.”
Despite controversy, the number of fossil fuel trains on Washington’s rails continues to rise. While larger coal and oil terminals are undergoing lengthy environmental reviews, projects at Washington’s refineries have brought approximately two oil trains per day to communities like Seattle and Everett. While the Department of Ecology conducts a study on the safety of oil-by-rail construction continues on a new terminal at the Phillips 66 refinery in Ferndale, and local officials are attempting to fast-track an oil train terminal at Shell’s Puget Sound Refinery without environmental review. Each of these projects could add up to six oil trains per week to the rails. Expansions at the Fraser Surrey Docks coal export facility in Vancouver, Canada, would increase the number of coal trains moving through Washington. Activists are demanding an immediate moratorium on all new fossil fuel terminals.
“Politicians play a blame game and talk about safety, but new terminals keep getting rubber stamped and built,” said LaPoint, “If elected officials won’t stop the fossil fuel takeover, we’ll have to do it for them”
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Rising Tide Seattle is a grassroots, all-volunteer collective dedicated to taking direct action to confront the root causes of climate change, and support communities on the frontlines of extractive industries.
Crewmen complete localized repairs at the corner of Anderson and Harborview roads in Birch Bay before packing up and moving on to the next location.
On Saturday, August 29 high winds resulted in a lot of downed trees, power lines and other debris which made access to affected areas difficult. In many locations tree crews have had to remove large downed trees and limbs before power restoration work could begin.
Crewmen complete localized repairs at the corner of Anderson and Harborview roads in Birch Bay before packing up and moving on to the next location.
On Saturday, August 29 high winds resulted in a lot of downed trees, power lines and other debris which made access to affected areas difficult. In many locations tree crews have had to remove large downed trees and limbs before power restoration work could begin.
Crewmen complete localized repairs at the corner of Anderson and Harborview roads in Birch Bay before packing up and moving on to the next location.
On Saturday, August 29 high winds resulted in a lot of downed trees, power lines and other debris which made access to affected areas difficult. In many locations tree crews have had to remove large downed trees and limbs before power restoration work could begin.
www.thetripblogger.com/travel-in-genoa-italy/
Genoa - Genova
Genoa (Italian: Genova, pronounced [ˈdʒɛːnova]; Zena pronounced [ˈzeːna] in Genoese and Ligurian; Genua in Latin and, archaically, in English) is a city and an important seaport in northern Italy, the capital of the Province of Genoa and of the region of Liguria. The city has a population of about 610,000 and the urban area has a population of about 900,000. It is also called la Superba ("the Superb one") due to its glorious past. Part of the old city of Genoa was inscribed on the World Heritage List (UNESCO) in 2006 (see below).
Main sights
The main features of central Genoa include Piazza De Ferrari, around which are sited the Opera and the Palace of the Doges. There is also a house where Christopher Columbus is said to have been born.
Strada Nuova (now Via Garibaldi), in the old city, was inscribed on the World Heritage List in 2006. This district was designed in the mid-16th century to accommodate Mannerist palaces of the city's most eminent families, including Palazzo Rosso (now a museum), Palazzo Bianco, Palazzo Grimaldi and Palazzo Reale. The famous art college, Musei di Strada Nuova and the Palazzo del Principe are also located on this street.
Other landmarks of the city include St. Lawrence Cathedral (Cattedrale di San Lorenzo), the Old Harbour (Porto Antico), transformed into a mall by architect Renzo Piano, and the famous cemetery of Staglieno, renowned for its monuments and statues. The Edoardo Chiossone Museum of Oriental Art has one of the largest collections of Oriental art in Europe.
Genoa also has a large aquarium located in the above-mentioned old harbour. The port of Genoa also contains an ancient lighthouse, called the "Torre della Lanterna" (i.e., "the tower of the lantern").
Parks
Genoa has 82,000 square metres of public parks in the city centre, such as Villetta Di Negro which is right in the heart of the town, overlooking the historical centre. Many bigger green spaces are situated outside the centre: in the east are the Parks of Nervi (96,000 sq m.) overlooking the sea, in the west the beautiful gardens of Villa Durazzo Pallavicini (265,000 sq m.). The numerous villas and palaces of the city also have their own gardens, like Palazzo del Principe, Villa Doria, Palazzo Bianco and Palazzo Tursi, Palazzo Nicolosio Lomellino, Albertis Castle, Villa Croce, Villa Imperiale Cattaneo, Villa Bombrini, and many more.
Promenades
Corso Italia runs for 2.5 kilometres in the quartiere of Albaro, linking the two other neighbourhood of Foce and Boccadasse. The promenade, which was originally built in 1908, overlooks the sea, towards the promontory of Portofino, and the main landmarks are the small lighthouse of Punta Vagno, the San Giuliano Abbey, the Lido of Albaro.
Old harbor
The Porto Antico ("old harbour" in Italian) is the ancient part of the port of Genoa. The Genoese architect Renzo Piano redeveloped the area, restoring the historical buildings (like the Cotton warehouses) and creating new landmarks like the Aquarium, the Bigo and recently the "Bolla" (the Sphere). The main touristic attractions of this area are the famous Aquarium and the Museum of the Sea (MuMA). In 2007 these attractions had almost 1.7 million visitors.
genova liguria italia italy sea sun landscape free europe europa wallpaper castielli resolution vacation holiday travel flight creativecommons creative commons zero CC0 cc0 CC cc panoramio flickr google gnu gimp
Here is the final locaized test strip in the wash.
This is from V1.0 where the width was only 7/8 in. and 6 in. tall.
Note developing inflorescence.
On Distribution: The distribution of this species knows some problems. The area where maculatum and orientale are separated is unclear, and it seems that until the late 1990's and 2000's people often misidentified cylindricum as this species. Also there are many small localized populations on the northern fringes of the distribution, which are often unnatural. Lastly, I initially used the Swedish website 'Den Virtuella Floran', which upon deeper research is proving quite untrustworthy; so be very sceptical of the list below!
Netherlands - S. Zuid Holland, Zeeland, Brabant, Gelderland. Quite common in southern Limburg, but rarer elsewhere - not found naturally in most of the northern provinces, although planted or adventive ('stinsenplant') populations occur in the Utrechtse Huevelrug (where they might be native), Texel Island, Groningen province, and the northwest of Friesland province. Occurs in a wide variety of woodland or hedge-type habitats.
Belgium - Occurs throughout Belgium. Relatively common in Brabant, down the length of the Meuse River and in the southern Ardennes, elsewhere in Belgium it is said to be rare to extremely rare.
Luxembourg - Said to occur throughout Luxembourg. Recently (2008) observed to grow in Parc Hosingen.
Germany - Found in most of Germany. Absent from most of the of the North Sea coastal region (found incidentally near Cuxhaven, near Dornum, near Freideburg and on the island of Scharhörn - these observations likely represent naturalized plants). Said to be present along the Baltic coasts, where it is common in eastern Holstein and the Hamburg area, but becomes rarer further east, where it is found only incidentally along the coastal regions and on Rügen island, but is largely absent further inland. The newest information (Poppendieck & Kasprick [1993]) using the taxonomic key by Boyce [1993], however, states that all the plants in this region actually belong to A. cylindricum. In Lower Saxony it is only found in the south. In the bundesland of Hessen and the north of and Rhineland-Palantine it is uncommon. It is also largely absent from most of former East Germany and along the Polish border, but is found in southeast near the Czech border and most of western Saxony. Often found throughout the beech woodlands surrounding Cologne. Near the Czech border it is also largely absent except near the north near the Polish border, and it is also largely absent in the lower Danube watershed of Bavaria. Officially it is considered not threatened everywhere in Germany except the bundesland of Hamburg; where it is considered extremely rare. It is considered a neophyte in the bundesland of Berlin.
Denmark - Where it is found this species is common in Denmark, but according to Kew's World Checklist of Selected Plant Families it is not native to this country. It is not found on the western and northern coasts of Jutland along the North Sea (except a lone report from near Tønder near the western German border in the south) and the Skagerrak, and most of the centre of Jutland and the Kattegat coasts. It is found north to just north of Viborg, near Ranum in Himmerland and east to Ryomgård. It is completely absent from north of the Limfjord (Thy district and Læsø island). Found from Aarhus in the north (where it may be confused with A. cylindricum) south along along the Baltic coasts of eastern Jutland. Eastwards it is found on Aeroe (Ærø) island, and on Funen (Fyn) island near the city of Odense. Further east it is found throughout Sealand (Sjælland) island, although south of Køge or Ringsted it may be confused with A. cylindricum. On the Møn, Lolland and Falster islands, both species are fairly common, and here you must also be aware that plants may be either species. In Sealand A. maculatum is locally fairly ubiquitous in the vicinity of certain cities and is becoming quite common in northern Sealand. It covers the major areas of the western part of Julianehøj Forest near Svanholm in Hornsherred and is spreading in Vestskoven Forest west of Copenhagen. Even further east, the plant is found on the island of Bornholm, where it is known since at least 1933. Hybrids have formed with A. cylindricum in Denmark. The Flora Europaea considers the population in Denmark to be introduced, but this seems wrong.
UK - Devon (Brixton, Dartmoor), Lake District, throughout Wales (Peak District, Coed Cilygroeslwyd), north to central Scotland. Relatively common to very common where it occurs. Populations around Aberdeen are introduced. Absent from Kent and E. Essex? Need more info.
Channel Islands - Native throughout the Channel Islands. Rare species on Alderley. Distributed throughout Guernsey. Known to grow on Sark, Herm and Jethou for the past few decades. From Jersey there is only one recent record, from near the town of St. Brelade.
Ireland - Native and common. Found everywhere except most of Donegal (NW Ireland), far western Mayo and Galway, and western Cork and Kerry. In Northern Ireland it is likewise quite common and found almost everywhere, except in southern parts of Down and Armagh, central and parts of western Tyrone, and parts of central northeast Derry. Found in woods and shaded hedge-banks on rich, calciferous soils.
France - Occurs throughout almost all of France, excluding the departements of Gironde, Haute-Garonne and Pyrénées-Orientales. it is said to occur in Alpes-Maritimes, but this is thought to be doubtful. Attested in Lyonnais since 1896. In 1981 it was found to occur, albeit very rare, in Charente-Maritime. Is there a population in Corsica or not? -it is said to occur in the text of the .pdf summary of Tela Botanica, it is listed in Flore de Coste, and shown in a map by the Naturhistoriska Riksmuseets, but it not shown on the map shown on the Tela Botanica website.
Spain - Although some sources seem to dispute if this plant is native to Spain, other sources seem say different. There is a natural population in the mountains of Cantabria attested since 1895. The populations in Mallorca, the Pyrenees and Asturia could be either ice-age relict populations or could be naturalized. Needs more work... subsp. pyrenaeum (now seen as invalid) was described from this region... Must check Flora Iberica!
Portugal - Occurs only in the northeasternmost part of Portugal - throughout most of the province of Braganca, the eastern part of southern Vila Real province, and northeastern Guarda province. This information (from the Electronic Flora of Portugal) is not reflected in most international databases.
Italy - The Italian distribution is oddly concentrated on the western side of the Apennines; from the eastern Ligurian Coast southwards to the Cilento and Vallo di Diano National Park, with scattered populations on Sicily, Sardinia, coastal Matera, Foggia, Marche and just north of Venice, but may also be sporadically found to the east of the Apennines, except for the region of Apulia, where native populations have never been found. The Flora Europaea considers the occurrence in Sicily 'doubtful', doesn't occur here according to CATE.
Switzerland - Occurs in Switzerland (Flora Helvetica) especially in the temperate zones of the Alps and Jura mts. It is widely and continuously reported from the north, northwest and western parts of the country (about 60%). It is completely absent from southern Switzerland except for in the southern part of Ticino canton. Since 2000 it has been reported much more often than in previous decades. For some reason some pan-European websites say this species does not occur in Switzerland; this is apparently a mistake.
Austria - Unequivocally occurs wild in Austria, for example in Kössen municipality in an Alpine valley near the border with Germany, in the Tirol bundesland, where it is very rare, as it is in Carinthia (very rare and protected: gefährdet!); in these regions it only occurs in scattered populations. According to Botanik im Bild (Flora of Austria by the Botanic Garden of Vienna) it probably does not occur in Lower Austria, Vienna and Burgenland bundeslanden, but in fact it has been found in the bundeslanden of Lower Austria (Hundsheimer Berg at 440m, 1961) and Vienna (Perchtoldsdorfer Heide, 2007) -one might suspect that these were misidentifications, but they were identified after it became clear that there were many misidentifications in this taxon, and were furthermore observed during flowering time. It is more common in the bundeslanden of Styria (it has been found numerous times in the southeast, near the Slovenian border from 1900 up to present (south and west of the city of Graz)), Upper Austria (Hagenau (260m, 1995) and Feldkirchen an der Donau (265m, 1996), both west of Linz; south of Reith (400m, 2003), near Reichersberg (380m, numerous times); southeast of Bad Goisern (1050m, numerous times)); and found many times in the area around Salzburg bordering Germany in the east of the bundesland. It occurs in Vorarlberg where it has been found numerous times since the 1850's.
Hungary - Native. Not rare. It has been found in the Budai mts (2001), just south of Villány at 350m (1960), and just southwest of Melegmány-Völgy Nature Conservation Area -less than a kilometre outside the park (1962).
Slovenia - Need more info.
Czech Republic - Mostly in the west, absent from Moravia, where it is replaced with A. cylindricum.
Slovakia - Not in Kew's World Checklist. The website Prijatelji Narave has ample evidence of this plant occurring here, but there is a problem; the website is not functioning properly, so I can only look at the thumbnail fotos, but many of the A. maculatum fotos seem to be of A. cylindricum. Need more info.
Croatia - Widespread in Croatia. Not attested in 2 floras of Croatia from over 100 years ago, but this plant certainly occurs in Croatia, for example on the hillsides surrounding the village of Žumberka not far from Zagreb near the Slovenian border. Some of the wild plants photographed in Croatia are remarkably spotted on both the leaves and the spathe, even more so than the cultivar 'Pleddel'.
Serbia - Occurs in Serbia.
Bosnia and Herzegovina - Need more info.
Montenegro, Kosovo, Macedonia - Need more info.
Romania - Has been recorded from just south of Baia Mare in central Romania and along the southern Ukrainian border near the city of Tulcea at the head of the Danube Delta. It has been recorded quite often in Caraş-Severin county and neighbouring northern Mehedinţi county, but this is probably an artefact caused by the fat that the most prodigious people logging observations in Romania happen to live there: it probably occurs elsewhere in Romania, but the data is thus skewed towards the Banat region.
Moldova - Need more info.
Bulgaria - Occurs throughout the country in moist and shady forests, mostly in montane regions up to 1800m altitude. Occurs in the same regions as A. orientalis.
Albania - Occurs in Albania, although the Flora Europaea considers it doubtful (don't trust this info).
Turkey - Occurs throughout along the western and northern coastline of Turkey; in İstanbul, Edirne, Gİresun, Kirklareli, Kocaeli, Muğla, Samsun, and Tekirdağ vilayets (=provinces). Note that the references of this species might later turn out to be be A. cylindraceum (see Greece). The Flora Europaea considers the occurrence 'doubtful', but are quite likely mistaken.
Ukraine - Occurs in the (southwestern) Ukraine along with two other species. Plants are attested in the interior of the Budjak region of Odessa Oblast (recently, Romanian sources), and in the Ukrainian Carpathians/Eastern Beskids/Wooded Carpathians of Galicia/Halychyna (1930, Herbarium of Oskarshamn, Sweden). Also occurs on the Crimea according to GRIN and the Flora Europaea.
prob.s
Greece - Occurs in Greece according to Φιλοτης [new, but incorrect, data] in isolated populations according to 'Den Virtuella Floran'; however, Peter Boyce in 1995 published 'The genus Arum (Araceae) in Greece and Cyprus', in which he quite convincingly claims all Greek identifications of A. maculatum were actually plants of A. alpinum. There was also believed to be a native population on Crete, but work by W. Greuter ('Les Arum de la Crete' [1984]) reclassified extant plants and samples as belonging to either A. alpinum or A. idaeum.
Poland - Very rare in Poland; it is officially an Endangered species here, according to the Czerwona Lista Roślin i Grzybów Polski (Red list of Plants and Fungi in Poland) of 2006. According to the newest research (2010), however, it is considered to be introduced as a horticultural plant and not native (see the Netherlands).
Belarus - Occurs according to GRIN, not in the Flora Europaea. No species of Arum occur in Belarus according to the Plants of Belarus (pretty good data).
Russia - Although said to occur in Russia by many authorities, this seems somewhat doubtful in light of the recent uncovering of confusion regarding the identity of this species in the eastern part of its range. If it occurs, then it would possibly do so only in the Taman Peninsula and/or the eastern coastal region of the Black Sea and southwards into the Caucasus. Need more info.
Sweden - This plant is believed not to be native to Sweden or the rest of peninsular Scandinavia by most authorities, but plants growing in Scania (southernmost Sweden) have been attested since 1738, although it is now believed most of these records are actually of A. cylindraceum. Small localised populations now grow throughout southwestern Scania, but these are all probably naturalised stands.
Transcaucasus - Kew's World Checklist, CATE (2009). Western Caucasus according to www.aroidpictures.fr and Wilde Planten van Nederland en België, eastern Caucasus according to 'Den Virtuella Floran'.
Norway: Since 1991 there have been at least four collections/observations of this species in two locations on the North Sea coast of southernmost Norway (in the south of the borough of Madla in the city of Stavanger and near Kristiansand). If these represent true naturalized populations or transient garden escapes is unclear from the data; but judging from Polish, Dutch, Swedish and German populations one would expect that they are non-spreading, vegetatively propagating stands which were planted at one time. The stand near Kristiansand has persisted for at least eight years (1991 to 1999), but this falls within the normal lifespan of species, thus the data is not sufficient to show if we are dealing with an individual(s) or a truly persistent stand, much less a propagating population. The GPS coordinates associated with this population vary slightly, which would indicate a larger spread-out population -which would indicate it spreading, but this can more probably be attributed to instrument quality and calibration.
India: The Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh holds a plant specimen collected in India and identified as Alocasia macrorrhiza; which for some unclear reason has been re-identified as Arum maculatum by the GBIF; this is clearly a mix-up of some kind, but why it is occurring is a mystery!
Myanmar: A specimen was collected in 2001 in Mandalay division, identified by the botanists involved as this species.
United States: There have been at least 10 separate collections of this species in the US, but if they represent naturalized populations is unclear. Some do look like genuine naturalized populations, but even if they are, one must also question if all have been correctly I.D.ed, I would personally doubt the veracity of all but two of the collections. There has been a collection made in Ville Platte in Evangeline Parish in Louisiana in 2002.
There is a Chapter of Royal Arch Masons, Shekinah Chapter, that meets at the West Toronto Masonic Temple, 151 Annette St. Toronto, ON on the 2nd Tuesday of the Month. They circulated this announcement via University Lodge No. 496.
Location: Lenanon Chapter No. 220.
www.flickr.com/photos/21728045@N08/4642903410/in/photolis...
Prophecies of the return of the "Shekinah," which had left the Temple and city of Jerusalem in the days of Ezekiel, are repeated in Zechariah. These same prophecies are also fulfilled in the historical period and record of Zechariah. To better understand these prophecies it is necessary to have an acquaintance with the history of the "Shekinah."
Objection is made that the word "Shekinah," (), is not found in the scripture in its noun form and that it describes a concept that is not scriptural. It is said that the word is coined by Post-biblical Rabbinic scholars. While it is admitted that the Rabbinic concept of God being a hovering non-personal force is an unacceptable extension of meaning, the concept of a physical manifestation of God's localized dwelling is none-the-less scriptural. We have chosen to use the word "Shekinah," (shknh) , to name this "presence" since this meaning is in general distribution among many Christians, albeit ignorant of the origin of the word.
The word was coined from verbal cognates in the Bible which describe the "presence" of God in a locality. The verbal cognates are copiously used to describe the "Shekinah" appearances. The word "Shekinah," itself is not in the biblical text but the concept, as I have defined it, clearly is. The word most certainly is derived from "shakan," and whoever first used the word "Shekinah" coined it as a substantive (noun form) from the verbal forms used to describe the "abiding, dwelling, or habitation" of the physical manifestations of God described in Ex 24:16; Ex 40:35, Nu 9:16-18; and numerous other places where "shakan" is used. The word is also used to describe the mystical "Shekinah" presence in the tabernacle. The word "mishkan," (), a derivative of "shakan," (), is often translated "tabernacle." The Hebrew for tabernacle is more often simply "ohel," (), or tent. "Mishkan" means "dwelling place." That is, the "dwelling place" of "Him who dwells" or "Shekinah."
"Shekinah" in Hebrew is a a feminine noun, It is interesting that Isaiah refers to the Shekinah using feminine pronouns. Especially in Isaiah 51. Particularly in Isaiah 51:9and 10 and its context the pronouns are feminine. In verse 10 the KJV uses thou and it to refer to the Shekinah. Both pronouns are feminine in Hebrew. The Qumran text makes the feminine form certain by adding a yod to 2fs. Literally feminine "you she" translated in KJV "thou it." Without doubt this is why the inter-testament Rabbis coined the word Shekinah to describe the events where the physical presence performed miracles to guide and protect Israel. In the same passage (Isa 51:9) there is a phrase "arm of YHWH" that is used exclusively for the Messiah. This means Jesus was the Shekinah presence in the Old Testament events. That is why the coming of the Messiah and the return of the Shekinah to the second temple are intermixed in the extraordinarily mystically mixed passage of Zechariah 2:8-11.
Zechariah uses cognates of the word in referring to the return of, the then absent, "presence" which he supposed was imminent. We will show that Zechariah previewed an imminent restoration of what Ezekiel (seventy years previously) saw depart in his day and then predicted the return of to a restored temple. What ever noun one calls it, such physical representations of the "presence" are in the Bible. What did Ezekiel see leave the temple? It is certain that what ever name you call the "presence" it is linked with the fiery cloud of Sinai. We have chosen to use the word "Shekinah" to name the biblically described mystical thing "dwelling" or thing "abiding."
I also accept that "Cavod YHWH," () (glory of the LORD) and "Shekinah" are identical in the contexts I make reference to, such as the fire enfolding cloud on Sinai, (Ex. 24:15-17) the dedication of Solomon's temple, and that which is associated with Ezekiel's vision of the departure and return.
To say that "Shekinah" is not in a text where the presence of God is described by a cognate of "shakan" may be closely akin to saying "baptism" does not appear in the great commission passages and Acts 2:38 because verbal cognates (baptized, baptizing) are used and not the noun "baptism" itself.
The Hebrew verb "shakan," (), simply means to take up residence with long continuity in a neighborhood. The distinction between this word and "yashav" which is also translated "dwell" is just this: You can use the latter to mean an individual doing the dwelling without reference to others or to duration while "shakan" means a protracted dwelling in the midst of a neighborhood or a group of people or might be limited to one other person but only by extension. The primary meaning is to reside and continue as a member of the community. This is a common word used for all classes to convey this idea. However, when it refers to God it takes on an added mysticism which is obvious upon small consideration.
When verbal forms are translated as nouns the word sometimes means "habitat." It is the habitat of animals and birds as well as humans and God. (Dan. 4:21) Grammatically, when verbal forms are translated as nouns, in Hebrew, they are called "substantives." Technically, "Shekinah", therefore is a substantive rather than a noun.
God speaks of his "desire" for this relationship with his people. The "Shekinah" therefore refers to the presence of God that was, but is not now, physically manifested in the time- space continuum. It could be seen. The presence was a vehicle of the person of God in the three dimensional world. The understanding of Solomon that God can not actually be limited to Temples on earth because of his eternal nature is seen in 1Ki. 8:27:
"But will God indeed dwell ["yashav"] on the earth? behold, the heaven and heaven of heavens cannot contain you; how much less this house that I have built?"
This omniscient eternal presence of the Almighty, that Solomon recognized, is the heavenly, but not the earthly, "Shekinah." Although the infinite spiritual presence is and was coincident with the physically discernable "Shekinah," it was distinguished from the physical even in Mosaic times. It is only in this infinite way that the "Shekinah" is now manifested. He indwells his people as a spirit. Isa. 57:15 says as much:
"For thus says the high and lofty One who inhabits ("shakan") eternity, whose name is Holy; I dwell ("shakan") in the high and holy place, and with him also that is of a contrite and humble spirit, to revive the spirit of the humble, and to revive the heart of the contrite ones."
"Who inhabits" In this passage the word "shokeyn," () translated "who inhabits," is as close to the meaning and direct use of the word "Shekinah" (), in the Bible, as one will find. The Hebrew letters, in the order they are pronounced, are sh = sh, = o, k = k, = ey, n = n. The unpointed original Hebrew is simply (). The form is a masculine participle and literally means "He who inhabits" or "the one who is inhabiting." This refers to God Himself. According to this verse, He is the "Inhabiter" of heaven and human hearts at one and the same time! The word "Shekinah" , which describes the physical thing which was "proof" of his "dwelling" on earth in the Mosaic dispensation, is akin to this construction. In fact, it is the identically same word, only the gender is changed. If you simply add the feminine ending to change it from a masculine to a feminine participle "shokeyn," (shkn), becomes "Shekinah" (shknh). Thus, the masculine form of the substantive "Shekinah" does appear in the Bible in Isaiah 57:15.
In the Mosaic period the added physical "Shekinah" presence was evidence of the real which is omnipresent and unseen. In the Mosaic dispensation the "Shekinah" presence was physically disturbing. The presence was not God. It was a physical manifestation of the actual presence of God among his people and is to be distinguished from the "angel of the LORD." It was first evident in the crossing of the Red Sea in the escape from Egypt. There the "Shekinah" appeared as a cloudy pillar in the day and a fiery pillar at night. The nation was led by the "Shekinah" for forty years after which the "holy presence" of the omniscient God inhabited the tabernacle and the land of Israel. It was not always afterward physically manifested. Thus:
(Num. 35:34) "Defile not therefore the land which you shall inhabit, wherein I dwell: ["shakan"] for I the LORD dwell ["shakan"] among the children of Israel."
However when that presence was physically manifested it was frightening to those who beheld it.
(Ex. 24:15) And Moses went up into the mount, and a cloud covered the mount. (Ex. 24:16) And the glory of the LORD ["Cavod YHWH"] abode ["shakan"] upon mount Sinai and the cloud covered it six days; and the seventh day he called unto Moses out of the midst of the cloud. (Ex. 24:17) And the sight of the glory of the LORD ["Cavod YHWH"] was like devouring fire on the top of the mount in the eyes of the children of Israel.
Earlier, the seventy elders had gone up into the cloud and actually saw the "Shekinah" glory, and they were so afraid they asked Moses never to take them again. As far as they were concerned, they saw God! You can only imagine their hair on end and their wide eyed appearance as they came down from the mountain exclaiming "We saw God! It was terrible!"
(Ex. 24:10) And they saw the God of Israel; and there was under his feet as it were a paved work of a sapphire stone, and as it were the body of heaven in his clearness. (Ex. 24:11) And upon the nobles of the children of Israel he laid not his hand; also they saw God, and did eat and drink.
The mixture of clarity and confusion in similar passages is evidence of the mystical nature of the experience. They were disoriented and afraid and the later writing of the event records the confusion.
The appearance a few days earlier of the physical presence of God on Mount Sinai is described as fire and cloud and thick darkness when the ten commandments were given. The Psalms contains a description of this event calling it a "Shekinah" presence. The description is in a Messianic portion and the Messiah is the "Shekinah" presence. He indwells ["shakan"] his people.
(Ps. 68:16) "Why do you leap, you high hills? this is the hill [Sinai] which God desires to dwell ["shakan"] in; yea, the LORD will dwell in it for ever. (Ps. 68:17) The chariots of God are twenty thousand, even thousands of angels: the LORD is among them, as in Sinai, in the holy place. (Ps. 68:18) You have ascended on high, you have led captivity captive: you have received gifts for men; yea, for the rebellious also, that the LORD God might dwell [shakan] among them."
He was on Mt. Sinai when the hills leaped, and verse 18 speaks of the resurrection and ascension which results in the indwelling of his people! These are New Testament applications that place Jesus of Nazareth in the events of Sinai in the Old Testament.
Later the physical "Shekinah" presence of God took up residence in the completed tabernacle and was apparent to the whole nation. This is recorded in Ex. 40:34:
Then a cloud covered the tent of the congregation, and the glory of the LORD ["Cavod YHWH"] filled the tabernacle. (Ex. 40:35) And Moses was not able to enter into the tent of the congregation, because the cloud abode [shakan] on it, and the glory of the LORD ["Cavod YHWH,"] filled the tabernacle. (Ex. 40:36) And when the cloud was taken up from over the tabernacle, the children of Israel went onward in all their journeys; (Ex. 40:37) But if the cloud were not taken up, then they journeyed not till the day that it was taken up. (Ex. 40:38) For the cloud of the LORD was upon the tabernacle by day, and fire was on it by night, in the sight of all the house of Israel, throughout all their journeys.
The same event is recorded in Num. 9:15
And on the day that the tabernacle was reared up the cloud covered the tabernacle, namely, the tent of the testimony: and at even there was upon the tabernacle as it were the appearance of fire, until the morning. (Num. 9:16) So it was always: the cloud covered it by day, and the appearance of fire by night. (Num. 9:17) And when the cloud was taken up from the tabernacle, then after that the children of Israel journeyed; and in the place where the cloud abode, there the children of Israel pitched their tents.
There are other mystical moments when the direct intervention of God was manifest in a "Shekinah" presence to Moses. At the time of the setting up of the tabernacle before it was furnished God spoke to Moses out of the cloud and Moses realized the "Shekinah" was a vehicle and not God. He asked for more -- to "see" God! God allowed him to see a larger portion of his physical presence. Thus:
(Ex. 33:18) "And he said, I beseech you, show me your glory. [He was speaking to God's voice coming from the "Shekinah."] (Ex. 33:19) And he said, I will make all my goodness pass before you, and I will proclaim the name of the LORD before you, and will be gracious to whom I will be gracious, and will show mercy on whom I will shew mercy. (Ex. 33:20) And he said, You can not see my face; for no man shall see me, and live."
After the entrance into the promised land God's presence was manifested spiritually in the tabernacle and not often in a physical way. The actual presence was always accepted as being in the tabernacle, and later in the Temple, but was not always physically confirmed by the visible "Shekinah." But to the people of that dispensation under the Mosaic covenant there were occasional renewals of a miraculous appearance of the "Shekinah." This happened again when the Temple of Solomon was dedicated. There was an initial appearance in a vision when the LORD promised that he would "shakan" or dwell in the house that Solomon was constructing.
(1Ki. 6:11) And the word of the LORD came to Solomon, saying, (1Ki. 6:12) Concerning this house which you are building, if you will walk in my statutes, and execute my judgments, and keep all my commandments to walk in them; then will I perform my word with you, which I spoke to David your father; (1Ki. 6:13) And I will dwell ["shakan"] among the children of Israel, and will not forsake my people Israel. (1Ki. 6:14) So Solomon built the house, and finished it.
Solomon then visited the tabernacle which was not in Jerusalem but at Gibeon. The ark of the covenant was in Jerusalem, however in a different tent.
(1Ch 16:39) And Zadok the priest, and his brethren the priests, before the tabernacle of the Lord in the high place that was in Gibeon, (1Ch 21:29) For the tabernacle of the Lord, which Moses made in the wilderness, and the altar of the burnt offering, were at that season in the high place at Gibeon.
The ark of the covenant, which had been taken from the tabernacle by the sons of Eli and was captured by Philistines, had then been sent by the Philistines back to Judah. Eli's daughter-in-law called the taking of the ark the departure of the glory of Israel.
(1Sa 4:21) And she named the child Ichabod, saying, The glory is departed from Israel: because the ark of God was taken, and because of her father in law and her husband.
After an unhappy experience with the ark the Philistines sent it back to Israel. Cows heavy with milk had left their calves and borne the ark from the Philistines to the house of Obed Edom. It was from there after many years that David would bring up the ark to Jerusalem, in the part of the city called Zion, where he set it in a specially prepared tent. It was not restored to the Tabernacle.
(2Ch 1:4) But the ark of God had David brought up from Kiriath Jearim to the place which David had prepared for it: for he had pitched a tent for it at Jerusalem.
But the tabernacle stayed in Gibeon about ten miles north of Jerusalem.
(1Ch 21:29) For the tabernacle of the Lord, which Moses made in the wilderness, and the altar of the burnt offering, were at that season in the high place at Gibeon
It was from there about ten miles north, that its furniture was brought to the completed Temple of Solomon.
(2Ch 5:2) Then Solomon assembled the elders of Israel, and all the heads of the tribes, the chief of the fathers of the children of Israel, to Jerusalem, to bring up the ark of the covenant of the Lord out of the city of David, which is Zion...(2Ch 5:5) And they brought up the ark, and the tabernacle of the congregation, and all the holy vessels that were in the tabernacle, these did the priests and the Levites bring up.
They brought the tabernacle and its furniture from Gibeon and the ark was brought from Zion, less than a mile from the Temple. Then the Temple was dedicated.
(2Ch 5:13) It came to pass, as the trumpeters and singers were as one, to make one sound to be heard in praising and thanking the Lord; and when they lifted up their voice with the trumpets and cymbals and instruments of music, and praised the Lord, saying, For he is good; for his mercy endureth for ever: that then the house was filled with a cloud, even the house of the Lord;
Thus the same incident is recorded in 1 Ki.8, when on the day of the dedication of Solomon's Temple there was a physical miracle of the presence of God. The "Shekinah" would no longer be associated with the tabernacle but was to be transferred to the Temple; therefore this manifestation was necessary to that generation because the Law of Moses was being amended in this point, and God showed his approval of the amendment to His legal system by the manifestation of the "Shekinah."
(1Ki. 8:10) And it came to pass, when the priests were come out of the holy place, that the cloud filled the house of the LORD, (1Ki. 8:11) So that the priests could not stand to minister because of the cloud: for the glory of the LORD ["Cavod YHWH"] had filled the house of the LORD. (1Ki. 8:12) Then spoke Solomon, The LORD said that he would dwell [shakan] in the thick darkness. (1Ki. 8:13) I have surely built you an house to dwell in, a settled place for you to abide in for ever.
There are conditions connected to God's "forever" promises as is already seen since he was to indwell the tabernacle forever. Thus, at the destruction of the first Temple, He did not allow his "Shekinah" presence to stay in the Temple after a certain level of corruption had taken place. The surprise is that God's indwelling remained so long. He evidently loves us so much that he endures more than any human judge would think possible. Jerusalem was more corrupt than we would think God would endure all of the last days of Jehoiakim and Jehoiachin and most of the reign of Zedekiah. However, Ezekiel's vision of the departure of the "Shekinah" from the Temple and city was not until after the beginning of the final siege of the city by Nebuchadnezzar just before its destruction.
Ezekiel's description of the "Shekinah" is more detailed but is similar to what the seventy elders saw on Mount Sinai recorded in Ex. 24. (It might be inserted here as a warning to those who have the Holy Spirit living in them that Nadab and Abihu were among those who "saw God.") Ezekiel's description of the "Shekinah" in chapter one of his prophecy is physically exciting just to read. Imagine actually seeing it! It is described as fire enfolding itself borne by cherubic creatures whose appearance pulsated with undulating light, themselves borne by gyroscopic double wheels. Lightning came out of the midst of the fire surrounded by clear sapphire where a man like person on a throne sat in an electric eye. If electricity is anachronistic, the word is none the less "chashmal" which is the modern Hebrew word for electricity. The Septuagint has "electrum" and so does the Vulgate! What ever "chashmal" and "electrum" meant to the ancients who used these words it can only be said that "'eyn chashmal" in Hebrew and "opsin electrou" in Greek and "speciem electri" found in Latin in Eze. 1:27 is not "amber" as in the English translation. The word "color" does not appear in the text. There are other descriptions of the elements of the "Shekinah" that Ezekiel saw leaving a then desolate Temple. The building was still there but was desolate before it was destroyed!
The Departure and Return of the "Shekinah."
Ezekiel saw both the departure of the "Shekinah" and the return in two separate visions separated in time by a number of years. The "Shekinah" would later return to the Temple after the initiation of the building under Zerubbabel but before the arrival of Ezra and Nehemiah. Ezekiel saw the restored Temple in a vision while it actually lay desolate and Jerusalem and Judea were all but uninhabited. Ezekiel's vision, of events that happened after his own death, describes the same "skekinah," which he saw first in chapter one, afterward leave the Temple in chapter ten. At the beginning of chapter ten the "Shekinah" was still in the Temple:
(Eze. 10:4) Then the glory of the LORD ["Cavod YHWH"] went up from the cherub, and stood over the threshold of the house; and the house was filled with the cloud, and the court was full of the brightness of the LORD's glory ["Cavod YHWH"].
But preparations were made to take the "Shekinah" from the Temple and then from the city itself.
(Eze. 10:19) And the cherubim lifted up their wings, and mounted up from the earth in my sight; when they went out, the wheels also were beside them, and every one stood at the door of the east gate of the LORD's house; and the glory of the God of Israel was over them above.
Then the actual departure is recorded:
(Eze. 11:23) And the glory of the LORD ["Cavod YHWH"] went up from the midst of the city, and stood on the mountain which is on the east side of the city.
Ezekiel, still in a vision, returned to the captives in Babylon and reported this event. He would later see in a vision the restored second Temple which is recorded in chapters 40-43. In his vision of the Temple, as it would be after it would have been rebuilt, Ezekiel saw the "Shekinah" return to the Temple. Thus is that event recorded which he says was the same "Shekinah" that left the Temple and would then be returned to a future restored Temple:
(Eze. 43:2) And, behold, the glory of the God of Israel came from the way of the east; and his voice was like a noise of many waters; and the earth shined with his glory. (Eze. 43:3) And it was according to the appearance of the vision which I saw, even according to the vision that I saw when I came to destroy the city; and the visions were like the vision that I saw by the river Chebar; and I fell on my face. (Eze. 43:4) And the glory of the LORD ["Cavod YHWH"] came into the house by the way of the gate whose prospect is toward the east. (Eze. 43:5) So the spirit took me up, and brought me into the inner court; and, behold, the glory of the LORD ["Cavod YHWH"] filled the house. (Eze. 43:6) And I heard him speaking to me out of the house; and the man stood by me. (Eze. 43:7) And he said to me, Son of man, the place of my throne, and the place of the soles of my feet, where I will dwell [shakan] in the midst of the children of Israel for ever, and my holy name, shall the house of Israel no more defile, neither they, nor their kings, by their whoredom, nor by the carcasses of their kings in their high places.
This event which Ezekiel saw in a vision was fulfilled. It happened in the days of Zerubbabel and is recorded by Zechariah. The lives of Zechariah and Ezekiel overlapped. They were both prophets and priests. Surely they knew of each other and it is likely they met. Zechariah knew of the visions of the departure of the "Shekinah" and the return and therefore he records the predictions of the return that would fulfill the same future event which Ezekiel saw. Thus God first foretells his "Shekinah" return.
(Zec. 2:10) Sing and rejoice, O daughter of Zion: for, lo, I come, and I will dwell [shakan] in the midst of you, says the LORD.
This verse is a prediction of the return of the "Shekinah" which was imminent but had not happened yet when Zechariah wrote this in the second year of Darius. In what follows he foretells the, future but imminent, long period of continuity of the restored "Shekinah" called "that day," meaning that the period of time beginning with the restoration of the "Shekinah" would extend to the call of the Gentiles.
(Zec. 2:11) And many nations shall be joined to the LORD in that day, and shall be my people; and I will dwell ["shakan"] in the midst of you, and you shall know that the LORD of hosts has sent me to you.
This verse also introduces references to a dual "Shekinah" return and presence. One is to take place at the completion of the Temple and the other to extend to the presence of the one who will actually be the "Shekinah, whom YHWH will have sent to call the Gentiles.
See also notes on Zecariah 2:8-11.
The Return of the "Shekinah" to the Restored Temple
From the time that Zechariah began to prophesy in the second year of Darius it would be approximately four years before the Temple would be finished and dedicated. The building itself would be partially finished and complete enough after two years of committed rebuilding that it would be called, in chapter seven, "the house of God." It is in chapter eight that God speaks and says that He has returned the "Shekinah." There is no record of the actual event. Whether it was associated with physical phenomena is not told. The only physical description is in the vision of Ezekiel which was not a material event. Nonetheless the "Shekinah" and the real presence of the omniscient God returned to the rededicated Temple on time, either at the dedication or in anticipation as noted in Zec. 8:3.
"Thus says the Lord; I am returned to Zion, and will dwell ["shakan"] in the midst of Jerusalem; and Jerusalem shall be called a city of truth; and the mountain of the LORD of hosts the holy mountain."
(See notes in the text on these verses where the tenses of the verbs are discussed. The reason for different translations of the tenses of the verbs in several different versions which say that the "Shekinah" has returned or shall return is discussed there)
Before the dedication of the Temple Darius the Persian, a non-Jewish believer, sent letters, to the neighboring Syrians in response to their attempts to stop the rebuilding then progressing under Zerubbabel, in which he spoke of the "Shekinah" as present in Jerusalem.
(Ezr. 6:12) And the God that has caused his name to dwell [shakan] there destroy all kings and people, that shall put to their hand to alter and to destroy this house of God which is at Jerusalem. I Darius have made a decree; let it be done with speed.
Here Darius attributes to God his decision to dwell or "shakan," as being completed. Thus the return of his "Shekinah" presence in Jerusalem is considered as a fact. This is before the dedication of the completed Temple and was before or would nearly coincide with the time of Zec. 7:1 and Zec. 8:3.
A generation later a new Persian king would send Ezra and mention the "Shekinah."
(Ezr. 7:15) And to carry the silver and gold, which the king and his counsellors have freely offered unto the God of Israel, whose habitation [Heb. mishkan] is in Jerusalem.
This last comment is made by Artaxerxes Longimanus who commissioned Ezra and who says the habitation ["Shekinah"] of God is in Jerusalem. These sources are quoted by Porten, an active Jewish writer currently living in Jerusalem. His position seems to favor the return of the "skekinah" before the actual dedication.
The Golden Age to come, which Zechariah said was to follow the return of the "Shekinah," describes the city and surrounding areas being at peace in an age where people can grow old in a secure environment. To those who lived in Jerusalem, in the hearing of Zechariah, that would indeed be a marvel, so great was the continuing desolation of the place. This continuing desolation, after the return but before the rebuilding, was portrayed by Daniel:
(Dan. 9:12) And he has confirmed his words, which he spoke against us, and against our judges that judged us, by bringing upon us a great evil: for under the whole heaven has not been done as has been done upon Jerusalem.
But of the conditions which will follow the return of the "Shekinah" Zechariah says:
(Zec. 8:4) Thus says the LORD of hosts; There shall yet old men and old women dwell in the streets of Jerusalem, and every man with his staff in his hand for very age. (Zec 8:5) And the streets of the city shall be full of boys and girls playing in its streets. (Zec 8:6) Thus says the Lord of hosts, If it be marvelous in the eyes of the remnant of this people in these days, should it [not] also be marvelous in my eyes? says the Lord of hosts.
The Golden Age is described in the chapter on the "Silent Years" in this book and in the verse by verse exposition of the text. Zechariah tells in his prophecy that there will be times of trouble in the distant future after the "Golden Age" and speaks of the presence of God who would then stand on Mt. Olive. We know that that one who stood on Mt. Olive is the embodiment of the mystery of the Godhead. "In him all the fullness of the Godhead dwells bodily."
Jesus of Nazareth, himself the embodiment of God, the manifestation of the Almighty, lived in Israel while the "Shekinah" indwelt the Temple! He prophesied the departure of the "Shekinah" which would make the Temple desolate:
(Mt. 23:37) "O Jerusalem, Jerusalem, you who kill the prophets, and stone them which are sent to you, how often would I have gathered your children together, even as a hen gathers her chickens under her wings, and you would not! (Mt. 23:38) Behold, your house is left to you desolate."
When he died on the cross and his spirit left the body there were accompanying earthquakes, darkness, and that slippage between time and eternity that one would expect at such extraordinary, inexplicable moments when the finite and infinite meet. The dead bodies of many arose and walked in the city as a result of his resurrection from the dead! But when he died, at that very moment:
(Mt. 27:51) "the veil of the Temple was torn in two from the top to the bottom; and the earth quaked, and the rocks rent."
That the veil of the Temple was rent in two indicates the departure of the "Shekinah" from the then desolate Temple. The Temple became desolate with the departure of the "Shekinah," not at the time of its destruction. It was made desolate by the departure of the presence of God. Daniel, when prophesying of the destruction of the city and the Temple, says that the destruction would be poured out on that which had already been made desolate. Dan. 9:26,27.
From thenceforth the Temple would be manifested in two ways. Not in buildings but in the hearts of spiritual Israel, the exiled ones called from among the Gentiles to bring their treasures to Jerusalem. The assembled body of believers also has the indwelling presence of which the "Shekinah" was a representation in type. This same presence is in each obedient believer. These dual aspects of the "Shekinah" were seen by Zechariah who completes the Old Testament references to the "Shekinah" events.
A seminar on “Localizing the Open Government Partnership: Pushing the Boundaries of Local Governance” on 4 May 2018 at the 51st ADB Annual Meeting highlighted the growing role of CSO engagement with governments to strengthen the implementation of the Open Government Partnership across national and subnational levels.
Learn more here.
Unique localized solution in Blida to avoid tensions during ‘olive season’. Photo by Haidar Fahs/ UNIFIL
Photo of USAID Assistant Administrator for Bureau for Africa Monde Muyangwa and participants during roundtable on localization and and New Partnerships Initiative in Nigeria.
In February 2023, USAID Bureau for Africa Monde Muyangwa visited Nigeria to meet with USAID/Nigeria staff and partners. Photo: USAID
Localized damage to a steam pipe with asbestos magnesia insulation. An adjacent pipe hanger rod in close proximity has cut into the soft, friable asbestos insulation due to vibrational movement associated with periodic expansion and contraction of the pipe system itself during normal operation. Consequently, asbestos-laden dust had accumulated on various surfaces below, requiring urgent response clean-up and repair action. Additionally, reconfiguration of the problematic pipe hanger and proper protection of the pipe insulation should be considered as well, to prevent further damage.
Did you know that you can switch languages in Windows Live without having to reinstall the Essentials suite?
This iIlustration explains where you can find ancient DNA. DNA is localized in two different compartments in the cell. Nuclear DNA harbors most of the genetic information, while the much smaller mitochondrial genome is present in thousands of copies. After death, DNA is degraded over time and ultimately only small amounts remain. It also becomes contaminated with DNA from e.g. bacteria and contemporary humans.
Geneticists can study human ancestors by isolating the nuclear DNA, or the much smaller mitochondrial genome, found in all sorts of remains — including bones, teeth or hair. Much can be gleaned by comparing the genetic variations between different genomes (noted as “mutations” here). But extraction of ancient DNA is no easy task. In some cases, DNA may be too old to study. It also becomes damaged and degraded after death. And it may become contaminated with the genetic material of microbes and modern humans.
Read more in Knowable Magazine
"Navigating the ethics of ancient human DNA research"
Q&A — Anthropologist Alyssa Bader: Paleogenomic research has expanded rapidly over the past two decades, igniting heated debate about handling remains. Who gives consent for study participants long gone — and who should speak for them today?
knowablemagazine.org/article/society/2023/navigating-ethi...
Lea en español: Navegando los dilemas éticos de la investigación del ADN humano antiguo
Take a deeper dive: Selected scholarly reviews
Ethical Guidance in Human Paleogenomics: New and Ongoing Perspectives, Annual Review of Genomics and Human Genetics
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The Ministry of Transportation and Infrastructure detected localized ground movement on Old Fort Road on Thursday, June 18, 2020, at approximately 7 p.m., and closed the road overnight as a precaution.
There was no ground movement detected near residents. Old Fort Road is now open for short periods of time to allow local traffic and essential services through while ministry technical staff assess the road and crews make subsequent repairs.
Learn more: news.gov.bc.ca/22444