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Material: Cotton
Color:Black
Size: Free
Top, Clothes Length:72CM, Bust:84CM, Sleeve Length:71CM, Shoulder:36CM
Pant, Pant Length:42CM
www.buytrends.com/Products/korean-fashion-hooded-womens-t...
1. The size refers to clothing dimensions, NOT your body measurements.
2. Please check the measurement chart carefully. Because of different producing batches, there may be deviation of 2~3 cm.
3. Due to limitations in photography and the inevitable differences in monitor settings, the colors shown in the photograph may not correspond 100% to those in the items themselves.
Miss Madison
Hull Specifications
Division:
Unlimited Hydroplane (U-6)
Designer-Builder:
Dale Van Weiringen, Rick Bowles, Mike Hanson, Larry Hanson, Madison crew
Length: 30 ft.
Width: 14' 5"
Weight: 6775 pounds
Gearbox: 50% reduction
Fuel: 60 gallons / Jet A
Propeller:
13-8-MO Stainless / 3 Blade - 26" Pitch - 16" Diameter (pitch will vary)
Construction Material:
Composite materials (Honeycomb aluminum, Fiberglass, carbon fiber )
Engine:
The Lycoming T-55 L-7 engine is a shaft turbine, rated at 2,650 horsepower at the output shaft. This engine was used in the Vietnam era by the twin engine Chinook Helicopter.
Manufacturer: Avco Lycoming Output Shaft: 15,300 RPM Compressor Ratio: 7:1
Weight: 600 pounds Oil Capacity: 5 gallons
Cockpit design:
The Madison Racing hydroplane utilizes a canopy from an F-16 jet fighter to protect the driver. The canopy is attached to a roll cage, which is bolted to a normal core cockpit. The driver sits in a form fitted seat utilizing a five-point harness to hold him in the seat. He also is supplied with compressed air and oxygen mask to facilitate breathing should the cockpit fill with water.
Miss Madison Racing Hulls
(1961 - present)
U-6 Miss Madison (1st)
1961 - 1963
(Former U-79 Nitrogen)
U-6 Miss Madison (2nd) **
1963 - 1971
(Former U-79-2 Nitrogen Too)
U-6 Miss Madison (3rd)
1972 - 1977
U-6 Miss Madison (4th) ***
1978 - 1988
(Former U-25 & U-1 Pay 'n Pak
& U-76 Atlas Van Lines)
U-6 Miss Madison (5th)
1988
U-6 Miss Madison (6th) *
1988
U-6 Miss Madison/Oh Boy! Oberto
(7th)
2007
* When the new Miss Madison crashed at San Diego in 1988, the Miss Madison team leased the U-3 Risley's hull from owners Ed Cooper, Sr., and Ed Cooper, Jr., for the final race of the year in Las Vegas. The U-3 was officially the U-6 Miss Madison at this one event.
Miss Madison Power Plants
Allison V-12: 1961 - 1990
Lycoming Turbine: 1991 - present
Emperor Leopold I, full-length, holding a scepter, wearing armour, an ermine lined cloak and the Order of the Golden Fleece,
oil on canvas, 215 x 137.5 cm, framed
Provenance:
Aristocratic collection, Naples;
thence by descent;
Private European collection
An attribution for the present painting to Gérard Duchateau has been suggested by Macarena Moralejo Ortega.
The present portrait depicts Emperor Leopold I (1640-1705) full length, wearing amour with gold ornamentation and adorned with the collar of the Order of the Golden Fleece beneath an ermine cloak, embellished with pearls and precious stones and fastened with a gem-set brooch.
A richly decorated crown adorns Leopold’s head, possibly the Bohemian crown of Saint Wenceslas, with the cross-bearing globe as the symbol for the divine right of kings (Dei gratia). The scepter in his raised right hand and the orb, positioned on a brocade-decorated gueridon, prove his profane and religious power.
The sword, which is leaning against the emperor’s left leg, emphasises his military strength. His firm, proud gaze focuses directly on the viewer, the distinguishing Habsburg physical attributes of a pronounced lower jaw and lip can be identified.
Leopold I, for whom a clerical career was originally intended, became heir apparent in 1654 after the death of his elder brother Ferdinand, and was elected King of Hungary in 1655 and successively obtained the Crown of Bohemia and Croatia in 1657. Finally, in 1658 he was elected Holy Roman Emperor in Frankfurt.
He married Margarita Teresa of Spain (1651–1673). The painting reflects a desire, to assert his earthly, omnipotent, absolutist status - which demanded gestures of power assertion, grandiloquence and majesty from the head of the Habsburg dynasty and which are fully evident in the present painting. Furthermore, Leopold I’s long period as Emperor, from 1658 to 1705, offered him a series of possibilities for artistic self-representation, generally in response to a variety of needs, such as staging the exercise of his functions, exchanging portraits with other royal courts, or simply decorating his numerous residences with paintings.
Focusing on the paintings Leopold commissioned, there is a large number of portraits from court painters mainly in Vienna, but not only in the court capital. An attribution for the present painting to Gérard Duchateau (Gerarden van Schloss) has been suggested by Macarena Moralejo Ortega, although only few confirmed works by this artist are known. As a portrait painter originally from Brussels, Duchateau was called to the Leopoldinian court. In 1664 and 1672 he travelled to Spain on imperial charge, in order to portray the Spanish members of the court, especially the emperor’s future wife, Margarita Theresa (see fig. 1).
Leopold notified his ambassador in Madrid, Count Pötting, about the arrival of his court portraitist: “On this occasion I am also sending there my valet Gerarden von Schloss […]. He is from Brussels, therefore a vassal of the king and a man who deserves everything. Honestly educated, he is pious and paints very well, especially small portraits, like the one I sent you a year ago. Therefore, it is my intention and my will […] that he receives [the] permission to portray my wife and the prince. Opus laudabit magistrum. He has made my portrait in large and small […]. This is my high will, because Spanish painters do not offer me any satisfaction.” (F. Polleross, Tra maestà e modestia. L’attività di rappresentanza dell’imperatore Leopoldo I, in: F. Checa Cremades [ed.], Velàzquez, Bernini, Luca Giordano: le corti del Barocco, Milan 2004, p. 195)
Ortega points out some similarities between the current portrait and the one in the Kunsthistorisches Museum of his wife Margarita Theresa, notably: the arrangement of the Infanta in the centre of the composition with the elegant hand position, holding a fan and a medallion with the portrait of her future husband in the loose left hand. The details and the detailed reproduction of the Infanta’s dress, the cloth’s drapery with orange-toned highlights, the placement of the sitter in an open space resembling the gallery in her betrothed’s representation, and the table, also with attributes such as the holy scriptures, are also strongly reminiscent of the method of execution used by the Brussels painter.
Apparently, these three yachts are amongst the biggest in the world. From the left:
- Yacht name: Al Diriyah. Formerly: Danginn • Ultima II • Serendipity • Massarah Length: 257ft 10 • 78.6m Year: 1960 Builder: National Bulk Carriers
- Yacht name: O'mega. Length: 269 ft • 82.5 m Year: 1984 Builder: Mitsubishi
- Yacht name: Alwaeli. Formerly Awal Length: 223 ft • 67 m Year: 1990 Builder: CRN Stylist: Terence Disdale
Tarsiers are small animals with enormous eyes; each eyeball is approximately 16 mm in diameter and is as large as its entire brain.[11] Tarsiers also have very long hind limbs, due mostly to the extremely elongated tarsus bones of the feet, from which the animals get their name. The head and body range from 10 to 15 cm in length, but the hind limbs are about twice this long (including the feet), and they also have a slender tail from 20 to 25 cm long. Their fingers are also elongated, with the third finger being about the same length as the upper arm. Most of the digits have nails, but the second and third toes of the hind feet bear claws instead, which are used for grooming. Tarsiers have very soft, velvety fur, which is generally buff, beige, or ochre in color.
bestratecedar.yolasite.com BEST RATE CEDAR 604-862-4663
2011 Price List (click on photo)http://bestratecedar.yolasite.com
Mill direct brokerage
bestratecedar@hotmail.com
Call for package pricing.
Discount on lift quanities.
Call for pricing for short lengths.
1x10 bevel 3-6'....................$ 0.49/ft
1x8 bevel 3-5' ..................... 0.39/ft
1x8 channel 3-5'................... 0.49/ft
1x6 channel 3-5' ...................0.29/ft
Std and Btr 1x Boards / lin ft
1x2 sis 2e cedar ...........................0.25
1x3 ...............................................0.32
1x4................................................0.49
1x6................................................0.59
1x8................................................0.89
1x10............................................. .1.15
1x12..............................................1.99
2+ BTR sis or s4s 2x Boards / lin ft
2x4 s4s Regal stk..........................0.85
2x4 sis fascia stk......................... 0.89
2x4 clear decking D and btr...........1.99
2x6 sis 2e 2+ btr............................1.59
2x6 select s4s Regal deck..............1.49
2x6 clear s4s d clear 8’ only..........2.69
2x6 c/ D clear ...................................3.55
2x6 s4s fascia falldown..................1.29
2x8 sis 2e.......................................2.29
2x8 select s4s deck .................... 1.75
2x8 s4s fascia falldown ............... 1.05
2x10 sis 2e.....................................2.99
2x10 s4s fascia falldown .............. 1.35
2x12 sis 2e ....................................3.95
2x12 s4s fascia falldown.............. 1.75
2x2 s4s clr 3, 3.5, 4, 6,..................0.59
2x2 s4s clr 8 +-20..........................0.89
4x4 select 8-14’s4s.......................2.59
4x4 select s4s 6’............................1.19
6x6 #1 appearance grade .............5.25
6x6 rgh #2 structural ....................3.99 (lift 3.49)
Beams in Rough Cut Call for $
Full Rough Cut Cedar and Fir Call for current pricing.
4x12 full rgh #1 Appearance fir.......6.75
Call / email for short pricing specials on clears
Decking:...8-16’............................/lin ft
5/4x4 CLEAR r/edge ......................0.95
5/4x4 architect knotty KD sanded.0.55
5/4x4 stk radius edge ...................0.55
5/4x6 stk radius edge....................1.09
5/4x5 stk radius edge...................0.82
5/4x6 CLEAR r/ edge......................1.89
Value grades: Siding /lin ft
1x6 stk bevel 14’............................0.55
1x8 paint grade bevel siding.......... 0.59
1x8 stk retrimmed bevel stk..........0.65
1x10 paint grade bevel.................. 0.79
1x10 stk retrimmed bevel .............0.89
1x8 paint grade channel.................0.79
1x8 stk retrimmed channel ..........0.89
1x8 select stk channel.....................1.09
*Custom siding runs are available call for costs.
Select Siding grades:
11/16x6 stk bevel..........................0.55
11/16x8 stk bevel..........................0.84
11/16x10 stk bevel........................1.15
1x10 Forest Siding kd.....................1.99 rabbetted back
3/4x10 Rgh face CLEAR..................2.19
1/2x6 clear kd bevel s/face...........1.15
1/2x6 clear 3’-10’ s/face ...................0.55
1/2x6 clr kd bevel s/face f/ joint 6-15’.... 0.55/ft
1/2x8 C clear s/face bevel 3’-7’ ....... 0.55/ft
1x6 shiplap cedar stk rgh face..........0.99/ft
Haida Skirl Call for $
Panelling Tonue and groove /lin ft
1x6 t@g pine kd SELECT.................0.46
1x6 kd primed t/g .........................0.65
1x4 kd pine select t/g.....................0.39
1x4 kd primed pine t/g..................0.49
CEDAR v-jnt fencing 1x6 panelling
1x6 kd stk v-jnt 6’.......................... 0.59
1x6 kd stk v-jnt 5’..........................0.57
1x6 clear kd v-jnt 6’........................1.09
1x6 clear kd vjnt 5’.........................0.89
2” Decking: t/g
2x6 select kd s/f SPF......................0.95
2x6 kd s/f t/g FIR...........................0.99
2x6 t/g select cedar s/f.................2.15
Clear cedar soffit
1x4 clr s/face v- jnt t/g 3,4,5' .......0.49
1x4 clr s/face v jnt t/g 6 longer .. 0.99
1x4 clr t@g kd resawn flush face
3-10' or v-jnt................................. 0.59
1x4 clear flush t@g 1/8” gap 3 +.....1.09
1x6 s/face v-jnt t/g 3,4,5 .............0.89
1x6 s/face v-jnt t/g 6 and longer ... $ call
STK kiln dried V-jnt
1x4 stk v-jnt 6 and longer...............0.69
1x6 stk v-jnt 3-5’.............................0.69
1x6 stk v-jnt 6 and longer...............0.98
1x6 stk v-jnt 8 and longer...............1.09
CEDAR v-jnt fencing/ for panelling 5’ and 6’
1x6 kd stk v-jnt 6’.......................... 0.59
1x6 kd stk v-jnt 5’..........................0.57
1x6 clear kd v-jnt 6’........................1.09
1x6 clear kd vjnt 5’.........................0.89
Hemlock CLEAR panelling
1x4 t@g s-face VG Clear Hemlock....0.79
Kiln Dried Sidewall shingles 18”/ ctn or bundle
Sidewalls: ...... BEST BUY
Traditional 18” sanded 7” face natural 86/ctn
Traditional 18”sanded 7” face primed...96/ctn
Traditional 18” sanded 7” cedar tone Cabot....118/ctn
Shoreline #1
#1- v.g sidewalls natural ..............105/ctn
#1 primed gray or white ...............116/ctn
#1 stained Cabot cedar tone ........135/ ctn
#2 mixed grain naturals ............... 85/ ctn
#2 primed gray or white................95/ctn
#2 Cabot cedar tone.....................117/ctn
#3 sidewalls natural 5-1/2" exposure
Cottage cut. #3 natural cedar ....... 45/ bundle
#3 Primed ......................................50 / bundle
Custom staining is available. Call
Mill Trim Ends by the box.
1x4 t@g clr cedar 0.12/ft
1400 lineal ft/ per box $250 / box mill pick up.
Fencing Boards #2 no hole (stk)
(1x6 #3 n/hole best buy 6’....1.95 each)
(Dog eared also available.)
1x6 sis 2e 4’........................1.29 ea
1x6 sis 2e 5’........................2.25 ea
1x6 sis 2e 5’........................2.75 ea
1x6 sis 2e 6’.........................2.99 ea
1x8 sis 2e 4’.........................1.85 ea
1x8 sis 2e 5’........................2.95 ea
1x8 sis 2e6’.........................3.75 ea
Timbertech Decking : Package pricing available.
www.timbertech.com/installation/installation-resources/de...
(64 pcs / pack ....will discount 5% off these prices.)
Call for pricing.
5/4x6 RELIABOARD - cedar and grey 12,16,20
5/4x6 Twin Finish Grooved cedar,gray, redwood 12,16,20
5/4x6 Twin Finish solid cedar,gray, redwood 16, 20
5/4x6 Earthwood Evolutions Grooved
cedar,gray,redwood 12,16,20
5/4x6 Earthwood Evolutions Solid
Pacific rosewood teak or walnut 16,20
5/4x6 XLM Grooved River Rock,or Sandridge 16,20
5/4x6 XLM Mountain cedar 12,16,20
5/4x6 XLM Harvest Bronze, Harbor Stone,
Rustic Bark or Walnut Grove 12,16,20
5/4x6 XLM Solid River Rock or Sandridge 16,20
5/4x6 XLM Solid Mountain Cedar 16,20
5/4x6 XLM Solid Harvest Bronze, Harbor Stone,
Rustic Bark or Walnut Grove 12,16,20
Facia Board:
1x8 cedar gray redwood 12’
1x8 Pacific rosewood teak or walnut 12’
1x8 River rock sandridge 12’
1x8 Mountain Cedar 12’
1x8 Harvest Bronze harbour stone
rustic bark walnut grove12’
1x12 Twin Fascia Cedar gray, redwood 12’
1x12 Pacific rosewood teak or walnut 12’
1x12 River rock sandridge 12’
1x12 Mountain Cedar 12’
1x12 Harvest Bronze harbor stone,
rustic bark walnut grove12’
Call for railing options and pricing.
Hardware:
Concealoc Hidden Fastener 175 pcs/box
2.5” topLoc screws.100 sq. Ft / box
Cartage: Mill direct to site.
Best Rate has Van delivery as well as flatdeck
and crane companies on standby.
The World's first single engine jet fighter, de Havilland DH-115 Vampire Trainer, tail number N593RH. Fly-by presentation by pilot Jerry Conley of Vampire Airshows.
Heritage to Horizon Air Show, Maxwell Air Force Base, Montgomery, Montgomery County, Alabama, USA. April 8, 2017, 1201.
Canon EOS Rebel T6i
Focal Length: 300mm
Shutter speed; 1/4000th of a second
f/8.0
ISO 800.
For a shorter week, it feels like it's been fairly /long/.
Ronan's alternate head got pulled out for play and having not seen it for awhile I am once again in awe of Hearts_Murmur's work on it. I love how it's a different expression for Ronan but it's still HIM. I also pulled out his original wig. I wish, wish, /wish/ I could find this wig in this same style and color but newer. Alas, it's an old JPOPdolls wig so I won't hold my breath.
We're back in white. This is starting to be a theme with him.
The Park of the Alcantara River covers the basin of the Alcantara river located on the northern slopes of the Etna volcano. The source of the river is located in the Nebrodi Mountains near to Floresta. The Alcantara river has a length of around 50 kilometres and, near to the point where it crosses a series of imposing lava flows, the river has created a series of deep gorges characterised by their sheer sides and columns with prismatic bases. The columns surround the walls of the basalt canyon like organ pipes. Inside the gorges small pools and cascades have formed where it is possible to take a swim. Access to the park is located near to Motta Camastra at Fondaco Motta and from this point it is possible to descend into the gorge to the riverbank on foot via a long pathway or, upon payment, via a series of private lifts. In the summer the Circumetnea railway offers a tourist package which includes a guided tour of the Alcantara Gorges. Another feature worthy of a visit are the so-called "Gurne" of small lakes which are formed by the river near to Francavilla di Sicilia.
The Alcantara is a river in Sicily. It has its source on the south side of Monti Nebrodi and its mouth in the Ionian Sea at Capo Schiso in Giardini-Naxos. The river is 52 km long.The name Alcantara is of Arabic origin (al Qanţara - the Bridge) and refers to a bridge from Roman times found by the Arabs.Thucydides called it Akesines Potamos while its Latin names were "Assinus or Assinos" and "Onobala".Cantera was another hydronym adopted by Normans.The Alcantara has its source at an altitude of 1250m in the municipality of Floresta. On its way to the sea, past the north of Mount Etna, it flows through the municipalities of Randazzo, Mojo Alcantara, Francavilla di Sicilia, Motta Camastra, Castiglione di Sicilia, Graniti, Gaggi, Calatabiano, Taormina and Giardini-Naxos.Several thousand years ago, the river bed was blocked by a lava flow from Mount Etna. As the lava was cooled much more quickly by the water than it would have done otherwise, it crystallised in the form of columns. Over the next millennia, the river naturally eroded a channel through these columns, resulting in impressive gorges and ravines such as the "Gole dell'Alcantara".
Il parco fluviale dell'Alcantara è un parco regionale della Sicilia che è stato istituito nel 2001 al posto della preesistente riserva e comprende quella parte di territorio delle province di Messina e Catania che forma il bacino fluviale del fiume Alcantara, ed è situato nel versante nord dell'Etna, allo scopo di proteggere e promuovere il sistema naturale esistente.La sede del Parco si trova a Francavilla di Sicilia, nella struttura costruita negli anni novanta per ospitare un asilo nido e mai usata.Il territorio attraversato dal fiume Alcantara è di particolare importanza in virtù della sua morfologia creata proprio dallo scorrimento delle acque che lo hanno modellato ed inciso creando, nell'attraversamento di un'imponente serie di colate laviche, in località Fondaco Motta (comune di Motta Camastra) delle suggestive e profonde gole a strapiombo, conosciute come le Gole dell'Alcantara. Insieme ad uno spettacolare succedersi di laghetti e di cascate, di acque freddissime, è possibile osservare le stupefacenti strutture laviche colonnari a base prismatica. Disposte a canne d'organo esse decorano per lunghi tratti le pareti di roccia basaltica. Grazie allo studio di tali strutture i geologi hanno potuto elaborare precisi studi sull'evoluzione del vulcano Etna e sulla successione nel tempo delle sue colate più imponenti.Nel 1493 il Bembo descriveva la valle dell'Alcantara come fitta di boschi di platani, querce, roveri ed olmi. Oggi sopravvivono solo rare tracce di Platanus orientalis, mentre predomina la tipica macchia mediterranea con varie specie di ginestra e la Peonia mascula con la sua infiorescenza rossa. Man mano che si scende di quota fitti boschi di nocciolo si alternano agli agrumeti e ai vigneti da cui si ricava un vino scuro e corposo famoso dall'antichità. Ancora boschetti di quercia e pascoli. In primavera le rive sono tutte un'esplosione cromatica: fioriture di viola, papavero, anemone, mirto, rosa canina, ficodindia, terebinto, oleandro e varie specie di orchidee (tra le altre Anacamptis papilionacea, Ophrys tenthredinifera e Orchis purpurea). L'avifauna della valle dell'Alcantara è assai varia, circa 200 specie, tra le quali vanno menzionate tra i rapaci il falco pellegrino, il gheppio e il lodolaio, estinto come nidificante il Lanario. Dubbia la presenza del piccione selvatico ben distribuita la tortora selvatica e il martin pescatore fino ai migratori della foce. Non raramente si incontrano anche la coturnice, la garzetta e il corvo imperiale. Altri animali presenti sono la volpe, il gatto selvatico, la martora, e il ghiro; ed ancora il riccio, l'istrice, l'arvicola di Savi e la crocidura siciliana. Presso le rive può trovarsi il discoglosso dipinto, anfibio tipico della Sicilia e il colubro leopardino, un bellissimo rettile raro ed innocuo. Tra le specie ittiche troviamo la trota iridea che in questo particolare corso d'acqua riesce a riprodursi, il triotto, l'anguilla e il ghiozzo.
L'Alcantara è un fiume della Sicilia orientale lungo 52 chilometri, tributario del Mar Ionio. Il suo bacino idrico si estende per circa 573 km² nelle province di Messina e di Catania.
L'Alcantara anticamente era chiamato dai Greci Akesines e dai Romani Onobola. Il nome attuale deriva dal termine di origine araba Al qantar (il ponte).Nasce dai Nebrodi a circa 1.400 m dalla Serra Baratta in Provincia di Messina. Dirigendosi impetuoso verso sud entra in Provincia di Catania giungendo in breve nella parte Nord della cittadina di Randazzo: qui muta bruscamente direzione grazie alla "spinta" del suo principale affluente di destra: il fiume Flascio. Rimpinguato notevolmente nella portata dall'affluente l'Alcantara si dirige verso est compiendo praticamente un angolo retto (è da precisare che sulle carte il fiume principale parebbe essere addirittura il Flascio e non l'Alcantara tanto è netto l'angolo di confluenza). Da qui il fiume prende a scorrere tra il massiccio di origine vulcanica del monte Etna a sud e i contrafforti meridionali dei monti Nebrodi e Peloritani a nord, fungendo sino alla foce da confine tra le province di Messina e Catania. Dal comune di Moio Alcantara in poi il fiume inizia a scorrere per lo più incassato, lambendo i centri di Francavilla di Sicilia e Castiglione di Sicilia. Presso Motta Camastra in località Fondaco Motta, dopo aver ricevuto da sinistra il torrente Zavianni, il fiume si inforra in uno spettacolare tratto ingolato costituito da lave basaltiche delle colate dell'Etna, le cosiddette Gole dell'Alcantara, meta assai celebre e frequentata ogni anno da migliaia di turisti. Da Gaggi fino verso Calatabiano il fiume amplia l'alveo per tornare a restringersi in prossimità della foce, nel territorio di Giardini-Naxos, dove solcano le campate del famoso ponte di origine araba Al qantar (il ponte), dal quale derivò il nome di questo meraviglioso corso d'acqua. La foce avviene nel Mar Ionio e precisamente in loc. San Marco.Il letto dell'Alcantara, sotto il profilo vulcanologico, ha visto in epoche preistoriche e protostoriche, il passaggio a più riprese di colate laviche che ne hanno ostruito e modificato il percorso. Il corso d'acqua ha così creato localmente delle caratteristiche forre con pareti alte diverse decine di metri, caratterizzate da strutture a colonne subverticali detta a canna d'organo o leggermente arcuate ad arpa e a ventaglio o disposte orizzontalmente a catasta di legna o, infine, disposte caoticamente e fratturate. Nel comune di Motta Camastra, sul versante Messinese, si trova l'unica grotta di scorrimento vulcanico: difficile da raggiungere ma splendida da ammirare viene chiamata Grotta dei Cento cavalli a testimoniare le sue enormi dimensioni.L'Alcantara è uno dei principali fiumi siciliani per portata media d'acqua in quanto seconda solo a quella del Simeto con circa 9 m³/s. Ove però si considerasse la regolarità di regime delle portate il fiume è sicuramente il primo della regione in quanto assai più regolare rispetto al Simeto. Ciò grazie alla collocazione dell'alto bacino che si estende in una delle aree più piovose della Sicilia unitamente all'approvvigionamento dato dai nevai dell'Etna e al carsismo dei terreni di origine lavica del medio bacino, spiega la sua cospicua portata annua e la presenza di acque anche nel periodo estivo. Non mancano in ogni caso piene eccezionali dovute a piogge insistenti, come avvenuto recentemente nel dicembre 2003, durante le quali l'Alcantara può mostrare un'impressionante irruenza soprattutto nel tratto ingolato.
Font : Wikipedia
Raven - Model B Mach 8-10 - Supersonic / Hypersonic Business Jet - Iteration 6
Seating: 22 | Crew 2+1
Length: 100ft | Span: 45ft 8in
Engines: 2 U-TBCC (Unified Turbine Based Combined Cycle)
Fuel: H2 (Compressed Hydrogen)
Cruising Altitude: 100,000-125,000 ft @ Mach 8-10
Air frame: 75% Proprietary Composites
Operating Costs, Similar to the hourly operating costs of a Gulfstream G650 or Bombardier Global Express 7000 Series
IO Aircraft www.ioaircraft.com
Drew Blair www.linkedin.com/in/drew-b-25485312/
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Unified Turbine Based Combined Cycle. Current technologies and what Lockheed is trying to force on the Dept of Defense, for that low speed Mach 5 plane DOD gave them $1 billion to build and would disintegrate above Mach 5, is TBCC. 2 separate propulsion systems in the same airframe, which requires TWICE the airframe space to use.
Unified Turbine Based Combined Cycle is 1 propulsion system cutting that airframe deficit in half, and also able to operate above Mach 10 up to Mach 15 in atmosphere, and a simple nozzle modification allows for outside atmosphere rocket mode, ie orbital capable.
Additionally, Reaction Engines maximum air breather mode is Mach 4.5, above that it will explode in flight from internal pressures are too high to operate. Thus, must switch to non air breather rocket mode to operate in atmosphere in hypersonic velocities. Which as a result, makes it not feasible for anything practical. It also takes an immense amount of fuel to function.
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Advanced Additive Manufacturing for Hypersonic Aircraft
Utilizing new methods of fabrication and construction, make it possible to use additive manufacturing, dramatically reducing the time and costs of producing hypersonic platforms from missiles, aircraft, and space capable craft. Instead of aircraft being produced in piece, then bolted together; small platforms can be produced as a single unit and large platforms can be produces in large section and mated without bolting. These techniques include using exotic materials and advanced assembly processes, with an end result of streamlining the production costs and time for hypersonic aircraft; reducing months of assembly to weeks. Overall, this process greatly reduced the cost for producing hypersonic platforms. Even to such an extent that a Hellfire missile costs apx $100,000 but by utilizing our technologies, replacing it with a Mach 8-10 hypersonic missile of our physics/engineering and that missile would cost roughly $75,000 each delivered.
Materials used for these manufacturing processes are not disclosed, but overall, provides a foundation for extremely high stresses and thermodynamics, ideal for hypersonic platforms. This specific methodology and materials applications is many decades ahead of all known programs. Even to the extend of normalized space flight and re-entry, without concern of thermodynamic failure.
*Note, most entities that are experimenting with additive manufacturing for hypersonic aircraft, this makes it mainstream and standardized processes, which also applies for mass production.
What would normally be measured in years and perhaps a decade to go from drawing board to test flights, is reduced to singular months and ready for production within a year maximum.
Unified Turbine Based Combined Cycle (U-TBCC)
To date, the closest that NASA and industry have achieved for turbine based aircraft to fly at hypersonic velocities is by mounting a turbine into an aircraft and sharing the inlet with a scramjet or rocket based motor. Reaction Engines Sabre is not able to achieve hypersonic velocities and can only transition into a non air breathing rocket for beyond Mach 4.5
However, utilizing Unified Turbine Based Combine Cycle also known as U-TBCC, the two separate platforms are able to share a common inlet and the dual mode ramjet/scramjet is contained within the engine itself, which allows for a much smaller airframe footprint, thus engingeers are able to then design much higher performance aerial platforms for hypersonic flight, including the ability for constructing true single stage to orbit aircraft by utilizing a modification/version that allows for transition to outside atmosphere propulsion without any other propulsion platforms within the aircraft. By transitioning and developing aircraft to use Unified Turbine Based Combined Cycle, this propulsion system opens up new options to replace that airframe deficit for increased fuel capacity and/or payload.
Enhanced Dynamic Cavitation
Dramatically Increasing the efficiency of fuel air mixture for combustion processes at hypersonic velocities within scramjet propulsion platforms. The aspects of these processes are non disclosable.
Dynamic Scramjet Ignition Processes
For optimal scramjet ignition, a process known as Self Start is sought after, but in many cases if the platform becomes out of attitude, the scramjet will ignite. We have already solved this problem which as a result, a scramjet propulsion system can ignite at lower velocities, high velocities, at optimal attitude or not optimal attitude. It doesn't matter, it will ignite anyways at the proper point for maximum thrust capabilities at hypersonic velocities.
Hydrogen vs Kerosene Fuel Sources
Kerosene is an easy fuel to work with, and most western nations developing scramjet platforms use Kerosene for that fact. However, while kerosene has better thermal properties then Hydrogen, Hydrogen is a far superior fuel source in scramjet propulsion flight, do it having a much higher efficiency capability. Because of this aspect, in conjunction with our developments, it allows for a MUCH increased fuel to air mixture, combustion, thrust; and ability for higher speeds; instead of very low hypersonic velocities in the Mach 5-6 range. Instead, Mach 8-10 range, while we have begun developing hypersonic capabilities to exceed 15 in atmosphere within less then 5 years.
Conforming High Pressure Tank Technology for CNG and H2.
As most know in hypersonics, Hydrogen is a superior fuel source, but due to the storage abilities, can only be stored in cylinders thus much less fuel supply. Not anymore, we developed conforming high pressure storage technology for use in aerospace, automotive sectors, maritime, etc; which means any overall shape required for 8,000+ PSI CNG or Hydrogen. For hypersonic platforms, this means the ability to store a much larger volume of hydrogen vs cylinders.
As an example, X-43 flown by Nasa which flew at Mach 9.97. The fuel source was Hydrogen, which is extremely more volatile and combustible then kerosene (JP-7), via a cylinder in the main body. If it had used our technology, that entire section of the airframe would had been an 8,000 PSI H2 tank, which would had yielded 5-6 times the capacity. While the X-43 flew 11 seconds under power at Mach 9.97, at 6 times the fuel capacity would had yielded apx 66 seconds of fuel under power at Mach 9.97. If it had flew slower, around Mach 6, same principles applied would had yielded apx 500 seconds of fuel supply under power (slower speeds required less energy to maintain).
Enhanced Fuel Mixture During Shock Train Interaction
Normally, fuel injection is conducted at the correct insertion point within the shock train for maximum burn/combustion. Our methodologies differ, since almost half the fuel injection is conducted PRE shock train within the isolator, so at the point of isolator injection the fuel enhances the combustion process, which then requires less fuel injection to reach the same level of thrust capabilities.
Improved Bow Shock Interaction
Smoother interaction at hypersonic velocities and mitigating heat/stresses for beyond Mach 6 thermodynamics, which extraordinarily improves Type 3, 4, and 5 shock interaction.
6,000+ Fahrenheit Thermal Resistance
To date, the maximum thermal resistance was tested at AFRL in the spring of 2018, which resulted in a 3,200F thermal resistance for a short duration. This technology, allows for normalized hypersonic thermal resistance of 3,000-3,500F sustained, and up to 6,500F resistance for short endurance, ie 90 seconds or less. 10-20 minute resistance estimate approximately 4,500F +/- 200F.
*** This technology advancement also applies to Aerospike rocket engines, in which it is common for Aerospike's to exceed 4,500-5,000F temperatures, which results in the melting of the reversed bell housing. That melting no longer ocurrs, providing for stable combustion to ocurr for the entire flight envelope
Scramjet Propulsion Side Wall Cooling
With old technologies, side wall cooling is required for hypersonic flight and scramjet propulsion systems, otherwise the isolator and combustion regions of a scramjet would melt, even using advanced ablatives and ceramics, due to their inability to cope with very high temperatures. Using technology we have developed for very high thermodynamics and high stresses, side wall cooling is no longer required, thus removing that variable from the design process and focusing on improved ignition processes and increasing net thrust values.
Lower Threshold for Hypersonic Ignition
Active and adaptive flight dynamics, resulting in the ability for scramjet ignition at a much lower velocity, ie within ramjet envelope, between Mach 2-4, and seamless transition from supersonic to hypersonic flight, ie supersonic ramjet (scramjet). This active and dynamic aspect, has a wide variety of parameters for many flight dynamics, velocities, and altitudes; which means platforms no longer need to be engineered for specific altitude ranges or preset velocities, but those parameters can then be selected during launch configuration and are able to adapt actively in flight.
Dramatically Improved Maneuvering Capabilities at Hypersonic Velocities
Hypersonic vehicles, like their less technologically advanced brethren, use large actuator and the developers hope those controls surfaces do not disintegrate in flight. In reality, it is like rolling the dice, they may or may not survive, hence another reason why the attempt to keep velocities to Mach 6 or below. We have shrunken down control actuators while almost doubling torque and response capabilities specifically for hypersonic dynamics and extreme stresses involved, which makes it possible for maximum input authority for Mach 10 and beyond.
Paradigm Shift in Control Surface Methodologies, Increasing Control Authority (Internal Mechanical Applications)
To date, most control surfaces for hypersonic missile platforms still use fins, similar to lower speed conventional missiles, and some using ducted fins. This is mostly due to lack of comprehension of hypersonic velocities in their own favor. Instead, the body itself incorporates those control surfaces, greatly enhancing the airframe strength, opening up more space for hardware and fuel capacity; while simultaneously enhancing the platforms maneuvering capabilities.
A scramjet missile can then fly like conventional missile platforms, and not straight and level at high altitudes, losing velocity on it's decent trajectory to target. Another added benefit to this aspect, is the ability to extend range greatly, so if anyone elses hypersonic missile platform were developed for 400 mile range, falling out of the sky due to lack of glide capabilities; our platforms can easily reach 600+ miles, with minimal glide deceleration.
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Sailboat Specifications
Hull Type: Keel/Cbrd.
Rigging Type: Gaffhead Sloop
Length overall: 22’6″ 6.858m
Length over deck: 19’3” 5.867m
Length of waterline: 17’7″ 5.334m
Beam: 7’2” 2.184m
Draught:1’6” – 4’0”0.457m – 1.219m
Displacement:2350lb1065kg
Ballast: 700 lb / 318 kg
Sail area:194ft218.02m2
Approx towing weight:3300lb1500kg
RCD categoryC
S.A./Disp.: 17.60
Bal./Disp.: 29.79
Disp./Len.: 195.75
Construction: GRP
Designer: Roger Dongray
First Built: 1979
# Built: 1000
Builder
Cornish Crabbers LLP
Unit 5, Bess Park Road
Wadebridge
Cornwall
PL27 6HB
Telephone: +44 (0)1208 862 666
Email: info@cornishcrabbers.co.uk
Auxiliary Power/Tanks (orig. equip.)
Make: Yanmar (opt.)
Model: Yanmar 1GM10 9hp
Type: Diesel
Sailboat Calculations
S.A./Disp.: 17.60
Bal./Disp.: 29.79
Disp./Len.: 195.75
Comfort Ratio: 14.60
Capsize Screening Formula: 2.16
Shrimper 19 standard sail away specification
Hull Construction: Hand laid solid GRP hull with no foam core. Integral centerplate case laminated as part of the complete hull structure. Internal bunk and
forepeak moulding bonded into hull with internal structural bulkheads bonded to both hull and deck mouldings. Standard colours are off white, dark blue
or dark green. The hull and deck joint is by way of an overlap or ‘Biscuit Tin Lid’ with GRP bonding.
Rudder: The rudder is transom hung on two stainless steel hangings bolted through the transom with Hardwood backing pads. The rudder is constructed
from laminated plywood with a stainless steel lifting drop plate.
Engine Beds: Engine beds are incorporated in the GRP bunk moulding with mild steel mounts bonded into the bed design which incorporates an oil drip tray.
Ballast: Ballast is by way of iron punchings encapsulated in resin inside the hull keel moulding. A galvanised steel centerplate forms part of the ballast
with a stainless steel lifting wire leading to a winch lifting system operated from the cockpit.
Boot Top: A single boot top moulded in gel coat located above antifouling level. Colour in contrast to main hull and normally matching the deck.
Deck Construction: Hand laid GRP with Balsa core in way of horizontal load areas. Hard wood pads under deck fittings and stress points.
Cockpit : Cockpit locker lids are hand laid with Balsa core. There is integrated non slip on horizontal surfaces with an optional two tone colour. A cockpit
drain is located in the center of the main foot well with additional drainage from the seats. A central watertight locker offers general storage or houses the
diesel engine when fitted.
Deck Fittings: Bespoke deck fittings including bowsprit, tabernacle and chain plates are made from stainless steel. 4 aluminium deck cleats are positioned
aft & amidships with two fairleads feeding a teak Sampson post forward. All sail controls are led aft to rope clutches / jammers with a single halyard
winch to starboard. Adjustable jib & mainsheet cars. Access below is via a teak lined sliding companionway hatch and split plywood / Perspex washboards.
Extra ventilation provided by an aluminium forward hatch.
Ports: 2 aluminium fixed ports are fitted one each in the hull topsides.
Chain plates: Chain plates are in stainless steel and through bolted on the hull sides.
Vents: Ventilation is via a washboard vent and opening forward hatch.
Miscellaneous Equipment: Fuel filler &tank vent.(Inboard version only), Life harness attachment point by the companionway, Rope tidies for halyards.
Cockpit Lockers: Two main watertight lockers with latches and padlocks are provided. A padlock is also provided for the companionway hatch.
Mainmast: Laminated in Sitka Spruce and treated with Sikkens Cetol including a stainless steel mast band to take Cap shrouds, jib and mainsail halyards.
All deck mounted on a substantial stainless steel tabernacle.
Main Boom: Laminated in Sitka Spruce and treated with Sikkens Cetol including a Stainless steel gooseneck fitting, kicker and mainsheet bands and all
associated reefing line leads / terminals.
Bowsprit: Laminated in Sitka Spruce and treated with Sikkens Cetol including a Stainless steel pivot fitting, end plate and bobstay take off points.
Gaff: Laminated in Sitka Spruce and treated with Sikkens Cetol including a Stainless steel gaff collar with rubber protection on bearing surface. Wire hoist
span and block.
Standing Rigging: Cap shrouds, lower shrouds & forestay in 4mm 1 x 19 stainless steel wire with swagged ends. Chromed rigging screws. Jib mounted on
reefing spar and controls led aft to cockpit.
Running Rigging: Main throat / peak halyards – 6mm braid. Jib &Staysail halyards – 6mm braid. Main topping lift – 6mm braid. Mainsail reefing lines –
6mm braid. Mainsail outhaul – 6mm braid. Mainsheet & Jib sheets – 10mm sheet rope. All associated blocks for purchase tackles.
Mainsail: Dacron in tan or cream. 2 reef points with tie in lacing. Luff and gaff lacing as required.
Jib: Dacron in tan or cream with wire luff and tell tails.
Boom Cover: In maroon, or cream acrylic. Fixings to allow for topping lift and mainsheet take off. All sails supplied with, sail numbers, logo and ties.
Engineering
Outboard Version
Outboard well: A teak engine mounting with stainless brackets. Engine well hull blank. GRP moulded fuel tank stowage and fuel lead splitter through aft
locker compartment. (fuel lead not supplied as standard)
Inboard Version
Stern Gear: A 1” stainless steel shaft is fitted, connected to the engine via a coupling and fitted with a Tides Marine ‘lip seal’ gland. The shaft drives a fixed
2-bladed propeller.
Engine: Yanmar 1GM10 9hp marine diesel engine. A 55 amp (12V) alternator is fitted to the engine.
Engine Instruments and Controls: The engine instruments are located at the rear of the cockpit coaming and are recessed with a clear cover. Instruments
include audible alarm, alternator warning light, start switch and stop control. A single lever engine control is supplied and fitted in the cockpit well.
Engine Cooling: The engine is directly salt water cooled. A 1/2″ diameter pipe leads from the main seawater inlet through a strainer to the engine and
discharges overboard through the exhaust.
Engine Exhaust: A flexible exhaust hose connects the exhaust via a swan neck with water trap to the outlet fitting through the transom.
Fuel System: A plastic diesel tank with a capacity of approximately 18 litres, breather and integrated fuel gauge. The tank is fitted with flow and return
lines, the flow line having a manual shut off valve.
Plumbing
Bilge System: 1 x Manual bilge pump operated from the cockpit with a handle stored in the aft locker.
Fresh Water Tanks: 2 x 10ltr plastic jerry cans with manual hand pump. Also a bucket / sink.
Soil System: When fitted the heads discharge directly to sea via a vent loop and skin fitting.
Inlet / Outlet Fittings: Engine: In through a single skin fitting with a valve and strainer, out via the exhaust system.
Gas System: There is a double burner hob cooker attached to a separately stored gas bottle.
12 volt DC system
Batteries: Engine – one 12 volt 55 amp/hour. (Optional on outboard version)
Charging: Via main engine – a 35 amp (at 12 volt) alternator.
Switchboard: An optional switch panel is fitted to boats that have additional electronics fitted.
Miscellaneous Standard Equipment
Deck: 1 x winch handle. 1 x bilge pump handle. Stowed in aft cockpit locker. 1 x fire extinguisher – situated down below.
Joinery: The interior joinery is constructed from high quality materials and in accordance with good yacht practice. Bulkheads and side back linings are
from plywood.
Finish: All cabin woodwork is finished in a mix of painted bulkheads and varnished trim.
Soles: Rubber textured sole throughout.
Upholstery: A choice of soft or wipe down plastic upholstery is available.
Note: For full length video, see archive.org/details/OralAmdo
Written and read by Blo bzang (b. 1989) from Rkang tsha (Gangcha) Village, Rkang tsha (Gangcha) Township, Ya rdzi (Xunhua) Salar Autonomous County, Mtsho shar (Haidong) City, Mtsho sngon (Qinghai) Province, PR China.
Prayer Beads
O1 འདི་ཕྲེང་ང་རེད།
L1 འདི་ནི་ཕྲེང་བ་རེད།
These are prayer beads.
O2 འདི་ཆོས་འདོན་རེས་བཀོལ་དགོ་ནི་རེད།
L2 ཆོས་འདོན་དུས་བེད་སྤྱོད་བྱེད་དགོས།
They are used when we chant scriptures.
O3 འདོན་པའི་ཁ་ཀྱང་ལེན་རེས་མཁོ་ནི་རེད། དཔེ་བཞག་ན་མ་ཎི་གསོག་གོ་རེས།
L3 འདོན་པའི་གྲངས་ཀ་བགྲང་དུས་མཁོ་གལ་ཆེ་སྟེ་དཔེར་ན་མ་ཎིའི་གྲངས་ཀ་ལེན་པ་ལྟ་བུ།
We then need to count the numbers of scriptures like ma Ni.
O4 ཕྲེང་རྡོག་བརྒྱ་ར་བརྒྱད་ངེས་བར་དུ་ཡོད་དགོ།
L4 ཕྲེང་རྡོག་བརྒྱ་དང་བརྒྱད་ངེས་པར་དུ་ཡོད་དགོས།
There must be one hundred and eight beads.
O5 ཕྲེང་རྡོག་གཅིག་ར་ཆད་མི་ཉེན།
L5 ཕྲེང་རྡོག་གཅིག་ཀྱང་ཆད་མི་རུང་།
It can’t lack even one bead.
O6 སྐུད་པ་དེ་ལ་ཕྲེང་ཐག་གཟེར།
L6 སྐུད་པ་དེ་ལ་ཕྲེང་ཐག་ཟེར།
The string is called phreng thag.
O7 ཆེ་བོ་དེ་ལ་འདོན་འཛུད་གཟེས་ནི་རེད། དེ་མགོ་འཛུག་ས་ར་མཇུག་སྐྱི་ས་ཡིན་ནི་རེད།
L7 ཆེ་ཤོས་དེ་ལ་འདོན་འཛུད་ཟེར་ཞིང་དེ་ནི་མགོ་མཇུག་གི་མཚམས་འཛིན་ས་ཡིན།
This biggest one is called ‘don ‘dzud. It is for starting and ending.
O8 དེའི་གཡས་གཡོན་ར་དཀྱུས་ཚུལ་ན་ཡོད་ནོ་རིགས་ཀ་ལ་ཀྱང་འཛིན་གཟེས་ནི་རེད།
L8 དེའི་གཡས་གཡོན་དང་དཀྱུས་ན་ཡོད་པ་དག་ལ་གྲངས་འཛིན་ཟེར།
There are also things on the left, right, and in the middle. They are called grangs ‘dzin.
O9 ངེད་ཆ་བོས་ལག་པ་གཡོན་ཚ་ར་སྐེ་ལ་གོན་ནི་རེད། རེད་ད གཡས་ལག་ཚ་གོན་ནི་མ་རེད།
L9 ང་ཚོས་གཡོན་ལག་དང་སྐེ་ལ་འདོགས་པ་ལས་གཡས་ལག་ཏུ་འདོགས་སྲོལ་མེད།
We can put it on our left wrist or put it around our neck, but we shouldn’t wear it on our right wrist.
O10 ངེད་ཆ་བོས་ལག་པ་གཡོན་ས་ནས་བཟུང་ངེ་ཀྱང་ཁ་ལན་དགོ རེད་ད གཡས་ལག་གིས་མི་འཛིན།
L10 ང་ཚོས་གཡོན་ལག་གིས་བཟུང་ནས་གྲངས་ཀ་བགྲང་བ་ལས་གཡས་ལག་གིས་འཛིན་སྲོལ་མེད།
We hold it in our left hand and count, not in our right hand.
Markings: 140th Wing, 120th FS Colorado Air National Guard Buckley AFB, CO
SN:86-0287
Specifications (F-16C Block 30)
General characteristics
Crew: 1
Length: 49 ft 5 in (14.8 m)
Wingspan: 32 ft 8 in (9.8 m)
Height: 16 ft (4.8 m)
Wing area: 300 ft² (27.87 m²)
Airfoil: NACA 64A204 root and tip
Empty weight: 18,900 lb (8,670 kg)
Loaded weight: 26,500 lb (12,000 kg)
Max takeoff weight: 42,300 lb (19,200 kg)
Powerplant: 1× F110-GE-100 afterburning turbofan
Dry thrust: 17,155 lbf (76.3 kN)
Thrust with afterburner: 28,600 lbf (128.9 kN)
Performance
Maximum speed:
At sea level: Mach 1.2 (915 mph, 1,470 km/h)
At altitude: Mach 2+ (1,500 mph, 2,414 km/h)
Combat radius: 340 mi (295 nm, 550 km) on a hi-lo-hi mission with six 1,000 lb (450 kg) bombs
Ferry range: 2,280 NM (2,620 mi, 4,220 km) with drop tanks
Service ceiling: 60,000+ ft (18,000+ m)
Rate of climb: 50,000 ft/min (254 m/s)
Wing loading: 88.3 lb/ft² (431 kg/m²)
Thrust/weight: 1.095
Armament
Guns: 1× 20 mm (0.787 in) M61 Vulcan gatling gun, 515 rounds
Hardpoints: 2× wing-tip Air-to-air missile launch rails, 6× under-wing & 3× under-fuselage pylon stations holding up to 20,450 lb (9,276 kg) of payload
Rockets:
4× LAU-61/LAU-68 rocket pods (each with 19× /7× Hydra 70 mm rockets, respectively) or
4× LAU-5003 rocket pods (each with 19× CRV7 70 mm rockets) or
4× LAU-10 rocket pods (each with 4× Zuni 127 mm rockets)
Missiles:
Air-to-air missiles:
2× AIM-7 Sparrow or
6× AIM-9 Sidewinder or
6× IRIS-T or
6× AIM-120 AMRAAM or
6× Python-4
Air-to-ground missiles:
6× AGM-45 Shrike or
6× AGM-65 Maverick or
4× AGM-88 HARM
Anti-ship missiles:
2× AGM-84 Harpoon or
4× AGM-119 Penguin
Bombs:
2× CBU-87 Combined Effects Munition
2× CBU-89 Gator mine
2× CBU-97 Sensor Fuzed Weapon
Wind Corrected Munitions Dispenser capable
4× GBU-10 Paveway II
6× GBU-12 Paveway II
6× Paveway-series laser-guided bombs
4× JDAM
4× Mark 84 general-purpose bombs
8× Mark 83 GP bombs
12× Mark 82 GP bombs
B61 nuclear bomb
Others:
SUU-42A/A Flares/Infrared decoys dispenser pod and chaff pod or
AN/ALQ-131 & AN/ALQ-184 ECM pods or
LANTIRN, Lockheed Martin Sniper XR & LITENING targeting pods or
up to 3× 300/330/370 US gallon Sargent Fletcher drop tanks for ferry flight or extended range/loitering time.
Avionics
AN/APG-68 radar
CINEASTE365: MADE IN U.S.A. - Jean-Luc Godard (December 16, 2019 - Day 138)
In 1966, Jean-Luc Godard was asked by producer Georges de Beureagard if he can create a film quickly. The answer was yes and that the can film two at the same time: “Made in U.S.A.” starring Anna Karina and Laszlo Szabo and “2 or 3 Things I Know About Her” starring Marina Vlady. It’s important to note that “Made in U.S.A.” is the final full-length film he created with his ex-wife and muse Anna Karina and the first film of singer Marianne Faithfull (a popular singer in the ’60s and also the steady girlfriend of Rolling Stones vocalist Mick Jagger at the time). While “2 or 3 Things I Know About Her” stars the woman that rejected him for marriage. So, needless to say, these two films are rather significant.
“Made in U.S.A.” is the final goodbye between Karina and Godard and “2 or 3 Things I Know About Her” is a film that shows him angered by the rejection. And also two films that mark the end of the cycle of Jean-Luc Godard who has become more of a political person and wanted to use his films to deal with internal conflict that he felt about cinema and politics.
“Made in U.S.A.” is a loose adaptation of the the book “The Juggler” by Richard Stark. The film stars Anna Karina as Paula Nelson, a Bogart-like detective who travels to Atlantic City to visit her boyfriend Richard Politzer. When she arrives, she realizes he is dead. While she investigates Politzer’s death, she runs into a few people who live and then later die. Meanwhile, she is being followed by a group of gangsters which include Laszlo Szabo as Richard Widmark and Jean-Pierre Leaud as Donald Siegel.
While the film is a noir film about Paula looking for her lover’s killers. The film has many film, literary and pop culture references but also politics and storyline that features an adaptation of the real-life murder Moroccan politician Mehdi Ben Barka and Frenchman Georges Figon (known for arranging the meeting with Barka and others before his kidnapping and torture).
Figon who left audio reels to his girlfriend/actress Anna-Marie Coffinet was a friend of Godard and thus Godard used Politzer to be a Georges Figon but Godard using the character and supplying the voice for his political message that is shown throughout the film. Within this tangled web of politics, Paula gets caught up in it and the question is of all people tangled in the web, who will be the last person standing?
“Made in U.S.A.” is definitely not a film for those not familiar with Jean-Luc Godard’s work. Although there is a main story about the character of Paula investigating her lover’s murder, the film is not only heavy with references but there are a good number of political dialogue which was more or less Godard’s platform for him to get out on what was on his mind.
Although many Jean-Luc Godard films show signs of politics being used in the storyline, “Made in U.S.A.” tries to balance the film utilizing Anna Karina as this sexy, stylish detective but then using the film as a platform for politics but most importantly, for Godard to use two characters that define how he was back then as a filmmaker and then having Anna Karina taking care of the men in order to show that Jean-Luc Godard as we knew him in the past in his Anna Karina films is now no more.
“Made in U.S.A.” is the final swan song between both Jean-Luc Godard and Anna Karina. Despite being divorced at this time, she would no longer be his muse and the director would no longer be the director that many people have respected him and loved him for. His next films “La Chinoise” and “Week End” would truly mark the end of Godard’s narrative and cinematic period of his filmmaking career and from then on, Godard would be a different director focusing on revolutions and his interest in Maoist ideology and would only return to mainstream films in 1980.
This is not a film for those who are not familiar with Godard’s work or Anna Karina. I’ve met many who have watched this film solely for the purpose of the beautiful shots of Anna Karina and didn’t like the film at all. For me, my appreciation was because it was a fitting goodbye to his ex-wife. After watching this collaboration between Karina and Godard, you knew it had to end someway and “Made in U.S.A.” was the way to do it.
As incoherent this film may be to many people, I enjoyed the film in fragments. As a “noir” film, it’s not my favorite. As a Godard film, I was impressed. The cinematography by Raoul Coutard was absolutely beautiful, the awkward randomness of certain scenes was an interesting way to see a perspective of Godard as a filmmaker and as a person who faced conflict and needed an outlet to let his emotions out. Both “Made in U.S.A.” and “2 or 3 Things I Know About Her” are two different types of films made at the same time but are enjoyable in their own way.
Do I recommend “Made in U.S.A.”, yes…that is only if you have seen a good number of Jean-Luc Godard films. This by no means is a film you should start out with if you want to learn about Godard’s filmmaking style. Overall, a fantastic Criterion release and a film that I definitely enjoyed!
As part of the programme for increasing train lengths and weights, the IWT Liner is expected to be increased to 27 wagons (54 Twenty-foot Equivalent Unit [TEU]), up from the existing 18 wagons (36 TEU). The first trial of this was undertaken today, with NIR owned loco 8209 providing the power to the 2045 North Wall - Ballina liner.
Of note is that this is the longest train for many years out of North Wall, one of the heaviest and that 8209 is the wrong way round - this cab should be facing Dublin and the wagons
HDMI extended length fiber optic cables provide unmatched signal fidelity and transparency over a wide range of input resolutions with cables lengths up to 100 meters. These cables utilize high speed fiber-optic converters integrated within each connector that convert the digital input signals into optical pulses, and then back again at the display. The cable material is an innovative hybrid design consisting of 4 high-speed glass fibers and 5 copper wires, which offers a high degree of ruggedness and flexibility. These features make these cables especially well suited for critical display applications that demand flawless HDMI signal integrity over very long cable runs.
Pickering Castle is situated on the southern edge of the North York Moors on a limestone bluff which formerly overlooked the meeting point of two of the main highways through the north of England: the east-west route along the Vale of Pickering and the north-south route through Newton Dale to Malton. The monument consists of a single area which includes the site of the 11th century motte and bailey castle and the 13th century shell keep castle. The former was built by William the Conqueror either during or shortly after the 'harrying of the north' in 1069-70. It consisted of an earth motte crowned by a timber palisade, flanked on the north-west side by a crescent-shaped inner bailey and, on the south-east side, by a contemporary or slightly later outer bailey. The inner bailey measured c.120m by c.35m and was bounded to the north by a steep natural slope surmounted by a palisade and to the south by deep 15m wide ditches linked to the ditch encircling the motte. The outer bailey, which measured c.185m by c.25m, was protected on the north side by these same ditches and, on the south side, by a 5-8m high palisaded bank with an outer ditch. To the immediate east of the outer bailey ditch a further earthwork bank may have provided additional defence on this side; alternatively it may be part of a medieval defence system associated with the adjacent settlement. The motte is c.20m high and has a base diameter of c.60m. It is not yet clear whether this is the original 11th century motte or a later medieval reconstruction. In the latter case, the earlier motte will have been preserved inside the later while, in addition, the buried remains of a wide range of domestic and service buildings will survive within the open areas of the baileys.
The reconstruction of the castle in stone largely took place between 1180 and 1236. There were three main phases to the work at this time, the earliest involving the late 12th century replacement of the palisade round the inner bailey with a curtain wall and also the probable construction of the first shell keep on the motte. In its present form the shell keep dates to the early 13th century but the foundations of the earlier wall will survive underneath. The remains of the early curtain wall still stand round the inner bailey, surviving best where the curtain was incorporated into later buildings. The earliest buildings so far identified are the early or mid- 12th century Old Hall, a free-standing residence whose surviving foundations show it to have been half-timbered, and the Coleman Tower, constructed at the same time as the inner curtain and an integral part of it. The Coleman Tower guarded the entry across the inner bailey ditch and was also a prison; hence its earlier name, the King's Prison. It was square in plan and had its entrance on the first floor, the level underneath being where the prisoners were kept. On the east side are the remains of a small building and also a stairway leading onto an adjacent wall. This wall, built across the motte ditch in the late 12th century, replaced an earlier palisade and provided access to the summit of the motte. A similar and contemporary length survives on the opposite side of the motte, crossing the ditch and joining the curtain alongside the later Rosamund's Tower. The keep consisted of a rubble wall enclosing a roughly circular area 20m wide. A wall walk would have lined the inside of the wall above a series of garrison buildings. The foundations of some of these buildings survive but it is not certain whether they date to the 13th or the 14th century. In some cases they will have replaced earlier timber structures whose buried remains will also survive. Also of uncertain date are the foundations of a number of buildings in the inner bailey, including a service range to the south-west and a group of buildings referred to as the Constable's Place in the accounts of the years 1441-43. The latter were half-timbered and some sections predate the inner curtain though others were clearly added later. A survey of 1537 lists a number of distinct structures, including the Constable's hall, a kitchen, buttery and pantry, and quarters for staff and servants. At the southern end of the group were a number of storage buildings, one of which is believed to have been the wool house. Two additional service buildings lay adjacent to the Old Hall and are thought, originally, to have been contemporary with it. To the south of these is the chantry-chapel which dates from c.1227 and is still complete though in a much altered state.
To the west of this is the early 14th century New Hall, initially built as a residence for Countess Alice, wife of Earl Thomas of Lancaster. This was later used as a courthouse which gave rise to it being named King's Hall or Motte (moot) Hall in later surveys. It was a penticed or lean-to building of two storeys which utilised the inner curtain for its outer wall. The inner walls were timber-framed and, as much of the surviving stonework is late 12th or early 13th century, it clearly replaced an earlier building. The upper chamber or solar of the 14th century hall was an elaborate plastered room with a decorated fireplace. The last major programme of building dates to 1324-26 when Edward II ordered extensive works to be carried out which included replacing the whole of the timber palisade round the outer bailey with a stone wall. This outer curtain included three projecting towers, a gatehouse with a drawbridge over the outer ditch and a postern gate which led from the north-east arm of the inner bailey ditch, underneath Rosamund's Tower and out onto the rampart. A second gate and drawbridge, built at this time alongside the Coleman Tower, had fallen out of use by the 16th century and can now no longer be seen. The three projecting towers, named from north-east to south-west, Rosamund's Tower, Diate Hill Tower and Mill Tower, are all square in plan and all would have led out onto the wall-walk along the inside of the curtain though, in the case of the Mill Tower, the curtain to either side has not survived sufficiently well to demonstrate this. The ground-floor entrance to the Mill Tower consisted of two doors linked by a short passage, in which the first door opened inwards and the second outwards indicating that the tower was built as a prison, a role it took over from the Coleman Tower. North of the Mill Tower, the outer curtain crossed the inner bailey ditch which can also be seen outside the castle walls on the west and north sides. This section of the ditch was part of the original 11th century defences and was quarried out of the rock on which the castle was built.
A levelled area alongside the inner edge indicates that quarrying of the rock-face continued after the ditch was cut. The quarried stone would have gone towards the construction of at least some of the castle buildings. Aside from its strategic and administrative roles, Pickering Castle had two other functions: to guard and manage the large forest which lay adjacent and to provide a court and place of detention for those found guilty of offences against it, such as poaching, unauthorised clearance and the theft of timber. The forest was an extremely important economic resource during the Middle Ages and its particular importance at Pickering can be seen in the great use made of wood in the castle buildings and also, most significantly, its continuous use in the defences down to the 14th century. Also important to the castle economy during the 14th century was the sale of wool, and it also had responsibility for managing the royal stud created by Edward II in c.1322. Possibly the stables known to have been located against the outer curtain at this time, between the gatehouse and Diate Hill tower, were connected with this. According to the Domesday Book, in 1086 the manor of Pickering was held by the king, that is, William the Conqueror. The castle established at this time as part of the subjugation of the rebellious North remained in royal hands until 1267 when it was conferred with the title Earl of Lancaster on Edmund Crouchback, younger son of Henry III. Edmund's son Thomas succeeded to both title and estates in 1296 but was executed for treason by Edward II in 1322, whereupon his estates reverted to the king. Following the unsuccessful Scottish campaign of the same year, and the ensuing retaliatory attacks on the north of England by Robert the Bruce, Edward ordered the building works noted above, clearly intending to keep Pickering a royal castle. However, in 1326 his son Edward III confirmed Henry, the younger brother of Thomas, Earl of Lancaster, in his brother's titles and estates, and, in 1351, the castle became part of the Duchy of Lancaster when that title was created. Upon the elevation of the House of Lancaster to the throne in 1399, and in 1413, the succession of Henry V, the Duchy reverted to the Crown and Pickering became a royal castle once again. It has been in State care since 1926. A number of features within the protected area are excluded from the scheduling. These include the ticket office/sales point and its paved base and steps, all English Heritage fixtures and fittings such as bins, bridges, safety grilles, signs, railings and interpretation boards, the surfaces of all modern steps and paths inside and outside the castle walls, lighting and the modern walls and fences round the outside edge of the protected area but the ground beneath all these features is included.
28/07/15, Zakho, Iraq --
Shadi, 18 years-old.
From Kojo, Sinjar area
Date of capture: 15/08/2014
Length of captivity: 5 months
When they arrived it was night. They surrounded the city so we couldn’t leave. They took all the men away, but we didn’t know where. Then a thirteen-year old boy came back, covered in dust and crying. He told us that the men had all been killed, but we didn’t believe him. The ISIS fighters gathered the young girls to one side. They took us to Tal Afar where we didn’t have any food or water. They moved us from place to place for weeks before taking us to Syria. In Raqqa we were put underground. It was so dark that I couldn’t tell day from night. They wrote our names on papers around our necks, and sold us like that. Eight of us were sent to Aleppo and I ended up with another woman and my nephew in a large villa. There was an American man there, who did not speak Arabic. He told me that I must marry him to become Muslim. He asked me to wash myself and then marry him. I told him that I was pregnant and could not have sex, so he brought me to a doctor and when he found out that I lied he beat me. He tied my hands with a cable and raped me. We tried to escape many times. Each time he would find us, aided either by the militia at the checkpoints, or people who lied to us and instead of helping us would call him. Every time he’d beat us more and more. There were people in Aleppo, however, who were just trying to survive. I knew this, and I knew that I just needed to get lucky and find one. We tried and tried, until somebody helped us. We escaped, but still we don’t know anything about my uncles, my cousins and my brothers.
Identifying details of the girls' accounts have been omitted, their names changed and identifying physical features and designs(such as tattoos) have been deleted in order to ensure their safety.
Knee length knitted dress with spaghetti straps. Knit with 4ply acrylic yarn & size 2mm needles. Straps are chains I crocheted using a 2.5mm crochet hook.
hard to find long sleeve satin finish nylon vintage nightgown. size L large in baby blue. lacy, very feminine yet a bit sexy!
Gwalior Fort (Hindi: ग्वालियर क़िला Gwalior Qila) is an 8th-century hill fort near Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, central India. The fort consists of a defensive structure and two main palaces, Gurjari Mahal and Man Mandir, built by Man Singh Tomar. The fort has been controlled by a number of different rulers over time. The Gurjari Mahal palace was built for Queen Mrignayani. It is now an archaeological museum.
ETYMOLOGY
The word Gwalior is derived from one of the Hindu words for saint, Gwalipa.
TOPOGRAPHY
The fort is built on an outcrop of Vindhyan sandstone on a solitary, rocky, long, thin, steep hill called Gopachal. The geology of the Gwalior range rock formations is ochre coloured sandstone covered with basalt. There is a horizontal strata, 104 m at its highest point (length 2.4 km and average width 910 m). The stratum forms a near perpendicular precipice. A small river, the Swarnrekha, flows close to the palace.
RULERS
Legend tells that Suraj Sen Kachwaha, chieftain of the nearby Silhonia village was on a hunting trip. He came upon the hermit, Gwalipa (Galava) who gave the chieftain healing water from the Surajkund reservoir. In gratitude for the healing of leprosy, the chieftain founded Gwalior, naming it after Gwalipa. The earliest record of the fort is 525 AD where it is mentioned in an inscription in the temple of the Huna emperor, Mihirakula (510 AD). Near the fort is an 875 AD Chaturbhuj temple associated with Telika Mandir.
PAL DYNASTY OF KACHAWAHA
The Pal dynasty of 86 kings ruled for 989 years. It began with Budha Pal and concluded with Suraj Pal. Budha Pal's son was Tej Karan (1127 - 1128). Gwalipa prophesied that the Pal dynasty would continue while the patronym, Pal was kept. Tej Keran married the daughter of Ran Mul, ruler of Amber (Jaipur) and received a valuable dowry. Tej Keran was offered the reign of Amber as long as he made it his residence. He did so, leaving Gwalior under Ram Deva Pratihar.
GUJARA-PRATIHARA DYNASTY
The Gurjara-Pratihar dynasty at Gwalior included Pramal Dev, Salam Dev, Bikram Dev, Ratan Dev, Shobhang Dev, Narsinh Dev and Pramal Dev.
TURKIC CONQUEST
In 1023 AD, Mahmud of Ghazni unsuccessfully attacked the fort. In 1196 AD, after a long siege, Qutubuddin Aibak, first Turkic sultan of Delhi took the fort, ruling till 1211 AD. In 1231 AD, the fort taken by Iltumish, Turkic sultan of Delhi. Under attack from Timurlane, Narasingh Rao, a Jaina chieftain captured the fort.
TOMAR RULERS
The Rajput Tomara clan ruled Gwalior from 1398 (when Pramal Dev captured the fort from a Muslim ruler) to 1518 (when Vikramaditya was defeated by Ibrahim lodhi).
Pramal Dev (Ver Singh, Bir Sing Deo) 1375.
Uddhharan Dev (brother of Pramal Dev).
Lakshman Dev Tomar
Viramdev 1400 (son of Virsingh Dev).
Ganapati Dev Tomar 1419.
Dugarendra (Dungar) Singh 1424.
Kirti Singh Tomar 1454.
Mangal Dev (younger son of Kirti Singh).
Kalyanmalla Tomar 1479.
Man Singh Tomar 1486 - 1516 (builder of the Man mandir).
Vikramaditya Tomar 1516.
Ramshah Tomar 1526.
Salivahan Tomar 1576.
SURI DYNASTY
In 1519, Ibrahim Lodi took the fort. After his death, control passed to the Mughal emperor Babur. Barber's son, Humayun, was defeated by Sher Shah Suri. After Suri's death in 1540, his son, Islam Shah, moved power from Delhi to Gwalior for strategic reasons. After the death of Islam Shah in 1553, his incumbent, Adil Shah Suri, appointed the Hindu warrior, Hemu (Hem Chandra Vikramaditya) as manager of Gwalior. From 1553 - 1556, Hemu attacked Adil Shah Suri and others from the fort.
MUGHAL DYNASTY
When the Mughal leader, Akbar captured the fort, he made it a prison for political prisoners. For example, Kamran, Akbar's cousin was held and executed at the fort. Aurangzeb's brother, Murad and nephews Suleman and Sepher Shikoh were also executed at the fort. The killings took place in the Man Madir palace.
RANA JAT DYNASTY
The Jats of Gohad occupied the fort on three occasions between 1740 and 1783. (Maharaja Bhim Singh Rana 1740 - 1756; Maharaja Chhatra Singh Rana 1761 - 1767; and Maharaja Chhatra Singh Rana 1780 - 1783).
MARATHA RULE
In 1779, the Scindia clan of the Maratha Empire stationed a garrison at the fort however, it was taken by the East India Company. In 1784, the Marathas under Mahadji Sinde, recovered the fort. There were frequent changes in the control of the fort between the Scindias and the British between 1808 and 1844. In January 1844, after the battle of Maharajpur, the fort was occupied by the Marathas as protectorate of the British government.
REBELLION OF 1857
On 1 June 1858, Rani Lakshmi Bai led a rebellion. The Central India Field Force, under General Hugh Rose, besieged the fort. Bai died on 17 June 1858.
STRUCTURES
The fort and its premises are well maintained and house many historic monuments including palaces, temples and water tanks. There are eleven temples to Gautama Buddha and the tirthankaras of Jainism. There are also a number of palaces (mahal) including the Man mandir, the Gujari, the Jahangir, the Karan, and the Shah Jahan. The fort covers an area of 3 square kilometres and rises 11 m. Its rampart is built around the edge of the hill, connected by six bastions or towers. The profile of the fort has an irregular appearance due to the undulating ground beneath. On the southern side are 21 temples cut into the rock with intricately carved tirthankaras. One, Pārśva, the 23rd local saint, is 12 m high.
There are two gates; one on the northeast side with a long access ramp and the other on the southwest. The main entrance is the ornate Elephant gate (Hathi Pol). The other is the Badalgarh Gate. The Man Mandir palace or citadel is located at the northeast end of the fort. It was built in the 1400s and refurbished in 1648. The water tanks or reservoirs of the fort could provide water to a 15,000 strong garrison, the number required to secure the fort.
MAN MANDIR PALACE
The Man mandir palace was built by the King of Tomar Dynasty - Maharaja Man Singh. It is a big palace with wonderful architecture, and beautiful art work done on its front as well as some interior walls.
HATHI POL
The Hathi Pol gate (or Hathiya Paur), located on the southeast, leads to the Man mandir palace. It is the last of a series of seven gates. It is named for a life-sized statue of an elephant (hathi) that once adorned the gate. The gate was built in stone with cylindrical towers crowned with cupola domes. Carved parapets link the domes.
GUJARI MAHAL MUSEUM
Gujari Mahal was built by Raja Man Singh for his wife Mrignayani, a Gujar princess. She demanded a separate palace for herself with a regular water supply through an aqueduct from the nearby Rai River. The palace has been converted into an archaeological museum. Rare artefacts at the museum include Hindu and Jain sculptures dated to the 1st and 2nd centuries BC; miniature statue of Salabhanjika; Terracotta items and replicas of frescoes seen in the Bagh Caves.
TELI KA MANDIR
The Teli-ka mandir (the oilman’s temple or oil pressers' temple) is a Brahmanical sanctuary built in the 8th (or perhaps the 11th century) and was refurbished between 1881 and 1883. It is the oldest part of the fort and has a blend of south and north Indian architectural styles. Within the rectangular structure is a shrine with no pillared pavilions (mandapa) and a Buddhist barrel-vaulted roof on a Hindu mandir. Buddhist architectural elements are found in the Chitya type hall and torana decorations at the entrance. There is a masonry tower in the nagari architectural style with a barrel vaulted roof 25 metres in height. The niches in the outer walls once housed statues but now have gavakshas (horse shoe arch) ventilator openings in the north Indian style. The gavaksha has been compared to the trefoil, a honeycomb design with a series of receding pointed arches within an arch. The entrance door has a torana or archway with sculpted images of river goddesses, romantic couples, foliation decoration and a Garuda. Diamond and lotus designs are seen on the horizontal band at the top of the arch indicating an influence from the Buddhist period. The vertical bands on either side of the door are decorated in a simple fashion with figures that are now badly damaged. Above the door are a small grouping of discs representing the finial (damalaka) of an Indo-Aryan Shikhara. The temple was originally dedicated to Vishnu, but later converted to the worship of Siva.
GARUDA MONUMENT
Close to the Teli ka Mandir temple is the Garuda monument, dedicated to Vishnu, is the highest in the fort. It has a mixture of Muslim and Indian architecture. The word Teli comes from the Hindu word Taali - a bell used in worship.
SAAS-BAHU TEMPLE
In 1093, the Pal Kachawaha rulers built two temples to Vishnu. The temples are pyramidal in shape, built of red sandstone with several stories of beams and pillars but no arches.
KAM MAHAL
The Karn mahal is another significant monument at Gwalior Fort. The Karn mahal was built by the second king of the Tomar dynasty, Kirti Singh. He was also known as Karn Singh, hence the name of the palace.
VIKRAM MAHAL
The Vikram mahal (also known as the Vikram mandir, as it once hosted a temple of Shiva) was built by Vikramaditya Singh, the elder son of Maharaja Mansingh. He was a devotee of Shiva. The temple was destroyed during Mughal period but now has been re-established in the front open space of the Vikram mahal.
CHHATRI OF BHIM SINGH RANA
This chhatri (cupola or domed shaped pavilion) was built as a memorial to Bhim Singh Rana (1707-1756), a ruler of Gohad state. It was built by his successor, Chhatra Singh. Bhim Singh occupied Gwalior fort in 1740 when the Mughal Satrap, Ali Khan, surrendered. In 1754, Bhim Singh built a bhimtal (a lake) as a monument at the fort. Chhatra Singh built the memorial chhatri near the bhimtal. Every year, the Jat Samaj Kalyan council (parishad) of Gwalior organises a fair on Rama Navami, in honor of Bhim Singh Rana.
OTHER MONUMENTS
There are several other monuments built inside the fort area. These include: the Scindia School (an exclusive school for the sons of Indian princes and nobles) that was founded by Madho Rao Scindia in 1897; and the Gurdwara Data Bandi, a memorial to the sixth Sikh, Guru Hargobind.
WIKIPEDIA
Built: 1956, refurbished 2007
Dimensions: 140 feet length/ 22 feet beam/ 10 feet draft
Class: Luxury Class
Type: Sailing Ship
Capacity: 16 passengers
Crew: 8 crew members + 1 natural guide
-
Accommodation: 8 cabins with private bathroom, all cabins have climate controls and ample space to hang and store clothing
Facilities: comfortable salon for lectures and presentations, TV/Video system, inside and Al Fresco Dinning Areas, sundeck with lounge chairs, a resting area
Activities: walks & hikes, snorkeling, kayaking, dinghy rides, diving
Safety and navigation: all international standards of safety, ISM certified, equipped with an emergency alarm system, 2 emergency life rafts for 16 pax each, emergency life vests, fog horns, smoke detectors, and fire extinguishers, all emergency equipment, SOLAS certified
Specific feature: Sea kayaks, snorkeling gear, wetsuits, kids club.
Belle has been fully deboxed. Belle can free stand due to the stiffness of her full length inner skirt. But she isn't fully stable that way, so for all but the first few photos of her fully deboxed, I use a Kaiser stand to support her.
Detailed photos of the Belle and Gaston Doll Set, the second release of this year's Disney Fairytale Designer Collection. I got them from the store raffle on the release day of Tuesday September 20, 2016. They are #853 of 6000. As of Friday September 23, they are still available online, and in many stores.
I have not deboxed them yet, but show them in the display case, with the covers both on and off. I will add further photos when I debox them.
Belle and Gaston Doll Set - Beauty and the Beast - Disney Fairytale Designer Collection
$129.95
Item No. 6003040901407P
US Disney Store
Released in store 2016-09-20
Released online 2016-09-21
Purchased in store 2016-09-20
#853 of 6000
The beluga or white whale, Delphinapterus leucas, is an Arctic and sub-Arctic cetacean. It is one of two members of the family Monodontidae, along with the narwhal. This marine mammal is commonly referred to simply as the beluga or sea canary due to its high-pitched twitter.[3] It is up to 5 m (16 ft) in length and an unmistakable all-white color with a distinctive protuberance on the head. From a conservation perspective, the beluga is considered "near threatened" by the International Union for Conservation of Nature; however the subpopulation from the Cook Inlet in Alaska is considered critically endangered and is under the protection of the United States' Endangered Species Act.[2][4] Of seven Canadian beluga populations, two are listed as endangered, inhabiting eastern Hudson Bay, and Ungava Bay.
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In 1776, Peter Simon Pallas first described the beluga.[1] It is a member of the Monodontidae family, which is in turn part of the toothed whale suborder.[1] The Irrawaddy dolphin was once placed in the same family; however, recent genetic evidence suggests otherwise.[5] The narwhal is the only other species within the Monodontidae besides the beluga.[6]
The Red List of Threatened Species gives both beluga and white whale as common names, though the former is now more popular. The English name comes from the Russian белуха (belukha), which derives from the word белый (belyy), meaning "white". It is sometimes referred to by scientists as the belukha whale to avoid confusion with the beluga sturgeon.
The whale is also colloquially known as the sea canary on account of its high-pitched squeaks, squeals, clucks and whistles. A Japanese researcher says he taught a beluga to "talk" by using these sounds to identify three different objects, offering hope that humans may one day be able to communicate effectively with sea mammals.[7]
[edit] Description
Photo of beluga at water surface with back flexed, with both head and tail raised
A beluga in the shallow waters of the Vancouver Aquarium
Male belugas are larger than females. Length can range from 2.6 to 6.7 m (8.5 to 22 ft), averaging 4 m (13 ft) in males and 3.6 m (12 ft) in females.[8] Males weigh between 1,100 and 1,600 kg (2,400 and 3,500 lb), occasionally up to 1,900 kg (4,200 lb) while females weigh between 700 and 1,200 kg (1,500 and 2,600 lb).[9][10] They rank as mid-sized species among toothed whales.[11]
The adult beluga is rarely mistaken for another species, because it is completely white or whitish-gray in color. Calves, however, are usually gray.[8] Its head is unlike that of any other cetacean. Like most toothed whales it has a melon—an oily, fatty tissue lump found at the center of the forehead. The beluga's melon is extremely bulbous and even malleable.[6] The beluga is able to change the shape of its head by blowing air around its sinuses. Unlike many dolphins and whales, the vertebrae in the neck are not fused together, allowing the animal to turn its head laterally. The rostrum has about 8 to 10 teeth on each side of the jaw and a total of 34 to 40 teeth.
Belugas have a dorsal ridge, rather than a dorsal fin.[8] The absence of the dorsal fin is reflected in the genus name of the species—apterus the Greek word for "wingless." The evolutionary preference for a dorsal ridge rather than a fin is believed to be an adaptation to under-ice conditions, or possibly as a way of preserving heat.[6] As in other cetaceans, the thyroid gland is relatively large compared to terrestrial mammals (proportionally three times as large as a horse's thyroid) and may help to sustain higher metabolism during the summer estuarine occupations.
Its body is round, particularly when well-fed, and tapers less smoothly to the head than the tail. The sudden tapering to the base of its neck gives it the appearance of shoulders, unique among cetaceans. The tail fin grows and becomes increasingly and ornately curved as the animal ages. The flippers are broad and short—making them almost square-shaped.
[edit] Range and habitat
Photo of whale at surface with bump behind head
Beluga at the mouth of Churchill River into Hudson Bay, Canada
The beluga inhabits a discontinuous circumpolar distribution in Arctic and sub-Arctic waters ranging from 50° N to 80° N, particularly along the coasts of Alaska, Canada, Greenland, and Russia. The southernmost extent of their range includes isolated populations in the St. Lawrence River estuary and the Saguenay fjord, around the village of Tadoussac, Quebec, in the Atlantic and the Amur River delta, the Shantar Islands and the waters surrounding Sakhalin Island in the Sea of Okhotsk.[12]
In the spring, the beluga moves to its summer grounds: bays, estuaries and other shallow inlets. These summer sites are discontinuous. A mother usually returns to the same site year after year. As its summer homes clog with ice during autumn, the beluga moves away for winter. Most travel in the direction of the advancing icepack and stay close its edge for the winter months. Others stay under the icepack—surviving by finding ice leads and polynyas (patches of open water in the ice) in which they can surface to breathe. Beluga may also find air pockets trapped under the ice. The beluga's ability to find the thin slivers of open water within a dense ice pack that may cover more than 96% of the surface mystifies scientists. Its echo-location capabilities are highly adapted to the sub-ice sea's peculiar acoustics and it has been suggested that belugas can sense open water through echo-location.
In 1849, while constructing the first railroad between Rutland and Burlington in Vermont, workers unearthed the bones of a mysterious animal in the town of Charlotte. Buried nearly 10 feet (3.0 m) below the surface in a thick blue clay, these bones were unlike those of any animal previously discovered in Vermont. Experts identified the bones as those of a beluga. Because Charlotte is over 150 miles (240 km) from the nearest ocean, early naturalists were at a loss to explain the bones of a marine mammal buried beneath the fields of rural Vermont. Today, the Charlotte whale aids in the study of the geology and the history of the Champlain Basin,[13] and this fossil is now the official Vermont State Fossil (making Vermont the only state whose official fossil is that of a still extant animal).
On June 9, 2006, a young beluga carcass was found in the Tanana River near Fairbanks in central Alaska, nearly 1,700 kilometers (1,100 mi) from the nearest ocean habitat. Belugas sometimes follow migrating fish, leading Alaska state biologist Tom Seaton to speculate that it had followed migrating salmon up the river at some point in the prior fall.
[edit] Life history
Overhead photo of five belugas swimming at surface with four splash areas behind them
Pod of belugas swimming
Belugas are highly sociable. Groups of males may number in the hundreds, while mothers with calves generally mix in slightly smaller groups. When pods aggregate in estuaries, they may number in the thousands. This can represent a significant proportion of the entire population and is when they are most vulnerable to hunting.
Pods tend to be unstable, meaning that they tend to move from pod to pod. Radio tracking has shown that belugas can start out in a pod and within a few days be hundreds of miles away from that pod. Mothers and calves form the beluga's closest social relationship. Nursing times of two years have been observed and lactational anestrus may not occur. Calves often return to the same estuary as their mother in the summer, meeting her sometimes even after becoming fully mature.
Belugas can be playful—they may spit at humans or other whales. It is not unusual for an aquarium handler to be drenched by one of his charges. Some researchers believe that spitting originated with blowing sand away from crustaceans at the sea bottom.
Unlike most whales, it is capable of swimming backwards.[14]
Males reach sexual maturity between four and seven years, while females mature at between six and nine years. The beluga can live more than 50 years.[8]
[edit] Reproduction
Underwater photo of calf swimming slightly below and behind mother
Female and calf
Female belugas typically give birth to one calf every three years.[8] Most mating occurs between February and May, but some mating occurs at other times of year.[6][8] It is questionable whether the beluga has delayed implantation.[6] Gestation lasts 12 to 14.5 months.[8]
Calves are born over a protracted period that varies by location. In the Canadian Arctic, calves are born between March and September, while in Hudson Bay, the peak calving period is in late June, and in Cumberland Sound, most calves are born from late July to early August.[15]
Newborns are about 1.5 metres (4.9 ft) long, weigh about 80 kilograms (180 lb), and are grey in color. The calves remain dependent on their mothers for at least two years.
[edit] Ecology
[edit] Feeding
The beluga is a slow swimmer that feeds mainly on fish. It also eats cephalopods (squid and octopus) and crustaceans (crab and shrimp). Foraging on the seabed typically takes place at depths of up to 1,000 feet (300 m) but they can dive at least twice this depth. A typical feeding dive lasts 3–5 minutes, but belugas submerge for up to 20 minutes at a time.[16]
[edit] Predation
Polar bears take particular advantage of situations when belugas become trapped by ice and are thus unable to reach the ocean. The bears swipe at the belugas and drag them onto the ice. The orca is its other significant natural predator.[9]
[edit] Relation to humans
Belugas were among the first whale species in captivity. The first beluga was shown at Barnum's Museum in New York City in 1861. Today it remains one of the few whale species kept at aquaria and sea life parks across North America, Europe, and Asia. Its popularity there with visitors reflects its attractive color, and its range of facial expressions.[citation needed] While most cetacean "smiles" are fixed, the extra movement afforded by the beluga's unfused cervical vertebrae allows a greater range of apparent expression. Most belugas found in aquaria are caught in the wild, though captive breeding programs enjoy some success.
Both the United States Navy and the Russian Navy have used belugas in antimining operations in Arctic waters.[17] In one instance, a captive beluga brought a cramp-paralyzed diver from the bottom of the pool up to the surface by holding her foot in its mouth, certainly saving the female diver's life.[18][19]
[edit] Population and threats
Photo of white whale with head placed on poolside with human arm reaching to front of whale's mouth
A beluga whale in an aquarium with a trainer
The global population of belugas today stands at about 100,000. Although this number is much greater than that of many other cetaceans, it is much smaller than pre-hunting populations. There are estimated to be 40,000 individuals in the Beaufort Sea, 25,045 in Hudson Bay, 18,500 in the Bering Sea, and 28,008 in the Canadian Low Arctic. The population in the St. Lawrence estuary is estimated to be around 1,000.[20] It is considered an excellent sentinel species (indicator of environment health and changes). This is because it is long-lived, on top of the food web, bearing large amounts of fat and blubber, relatively well-studied for a cetacean, and still somewhat common.
Because the beluga congregates in river estuaries, pollution is proving to be a significant health danger. Incidents of cancer have been reported to be rising as a result of St. Lawrence River pollution. Local beluga carcasses contain so many contaminants that they are treated as toxic waste.[citation needed] Reproductive pathology has been discovered here, possibly caused by organochlorines. Levels between 240 ppm and 800 ppm of PCBs have been found, with males typically having higher levels.[21] The long-term effects of this pollution on the affected populations is not known.
Underwater photo of whale with top of head above surface
A beluga resurfaces
Indirect human disturbance may also be a threat. While some populations tolerate small boats, others actively try to avoid ships. Whale-watching has become a booming activity in the St. Lawrence and Churchill River areas.
Because of its predictable migration pattern and high concentrations, the beluga has been hunted by indigenous Arctic peoples for centuries. In many areas, hunting continues, and is believed to be sustainable. However, in other areas, such as the Cook Inlet, Ungava Bay, and off western Greenland, previous commercial operations left the populations in great peril. Indigenous whaling continues in these areas, and some populations continue to decline. These areas are the subject of intensive dialogue between Inuit communities and national governments aiming to create a sustainable hunt.
[edit] Pathogens
Papillomaviruses have been found in the gastric compartments of belugas in the St. Lawerence River. Herpesvirus as well has been detected on occasion in belugas. Encephalitis has sometimes been observed and the protozoa Sarcocystis can infect the animals. Ciliates have been observed to colonize the blowhole yet may not be pathogenic or especially harmful.[22]
Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae bacilli, likely from contaminated fish in the diet, can endanger captive belugas, causing anorexia, dermal plaques, and lesions. This may lead to death if not diagnosed early and treated with antibiotics.[23]
[edit] Conservation status
Photo of stamp showing two adult and one juvenile, swimming
Pictured on Faroe Islands stamp
As of 2008, the beluga is listed as "near threatened" by the IUCN, due to uncertainty about the number of belugas over parts of its range (especially the Russian Arctic), and the expectation that if current conservation efforts cease, especially hunting management, the beluga population is likely to qualify for "threatened" status within five years. Prior to 2008, the beluga was listed as "vulnerable", a higher level of concern. IUCN cited the stability of the largest subpopulations and improved census methods that indicate a larger population than previously estimated.[2]
To prevent hunting, belugas are protected under the International Moratorium on Commercial Whaling; however, small amounts of beluga whaling are still allowed. Since it is very difficult to know the exact population of belugas because their habitats include inland waters away from the ocean, it is easy for them to come in contact with oil and gas development centers. To prevent whales from coming in contact with industrial waste, the Alaskan and Canadian governments are relocating sites where whales and waste come in contact.
To prevent captive whales from dying, researchers from the Vancouver Aquarium Marine Science Centre are finding ways to prevent fungi from entering the habitats and to constantly check their health. Healthy captive belugas are important because they are one of the only whales found in many marine aquariums. The high numbers of captives adds to the threat to the beluga population, while their carcasses contribute to scientific research.
Subpopulations are subject to differing levels of threat and warrant individual assessment. The Cook Inlet subpopulation is listed as "Critically Endangered" by the IUCN as of 2006.[24] The Cook Inlet beluga population is listed as Endangered under the Endangered Species Act as of October 2008.[4][25][26] This was due to overharvesting of belugas prior to 1998. The population has failed to recover even though the reported harvest has been small. The most recent published estimate as of May 2008 was 302 (CV=0.16) in 2006.[27] In addition, the National Marine Fisheries Service indicated the 2007 aerial survey's point estimate was 375.
The Beluga whale is listed on appendix II[28] of the Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals (CMS). It is listed on Appendix II[28] as it has an unfavourable conservation status or would benefit significantly from international co-operation organised by tailored agreements.
Original Caption: Alyeska Pipeline Service Company's Fairbanks Pipeyard, with More Than 200 Miles of 48-Inch Pipe. Most Lengths Are 50-To 60-Feet near 445 08/1973
U.S. National Archives’ Local Identifier: 412-DA-8067
Photographer: Cowals, Dennis, 1945-
Subjects:
Fairbanks (Fairbanks North Star, Alaska, United States) inhabited place
Environmental Protection Agency
Project DOCUMERICA
Persistent URL: catalog.archives.gov/id/550552
Repository: Still Picture Records Section, Special Media Archives Services Division (NWCS-S), National Archives at College Park, 8601 Adelphi Road, College Park, MD, 20740-6001.
For information about ordering reproductions of photographs held by the Still Picture Unit, visit: www.archives.gov/research/order/still-pictures.html
Reproductions may be ordered via an independent vendor. NARA maintains a list of vendors at www.archives.gov/research/order/vendors-photos-maps-dc.html
Access Restrictions: Unrestricted
Use Restrictions: Unrestricted
Okay, this is a long explanation so my apologies for length of this description.
During Dragon Con 2019, the attendees did "things" to a life-sized, FedEx stand up advertisement named "Jon" (that's the first name of the model used in the cardboard stand-up and on his name badge). By "things," I mean every time I went by "Jon," someone had added new graffiti to his image. First googly-eyes were put over his pupils. Then vampire fangs were drawn in. Followed by blood dripping out of his mouth and on to his shirt. Mushroom-shaped horns on his forehead. Post-it notes.
I lost count of all the little changes that happened to it.
On and on it went the whole weekend. "Jon" was taken to a couple of parties on late Sunday night to early Monday morning. We all thought that FedEx, after seeing what had happened to Jon's visage, had removed it for disposal.
People missed seeing Jon. So much that a new cult was born, "The Cult of Jon" joined "The Cult of the Carpet." And what do you do when your cult mascot goes missing besides sending out search parties? Leave offerings and tithes.
If you look closely at the image, there are *SO* many whacky things were left for Jon in his journey. And it kept growing throughout the morning. By the time I left for the airport, the offerings had quadrupled in size and weirdness from this specific image. There was even an apology card from Kylo Ren ("Sorry I killed my father" message). The imagination of DC fans honestly knows no bounds.
www.social6.com/alexkane Camera: Nikon 1 J4
Aperture: f/1.8
Exposure: ¹⁄₈₀ sec at f/1.8
ISO: 160
Lens: 1 NIKKOR 18.5mm f/1.8
Focal Length: 18.5mm (49mm in 35mm equivalent)
Product Details
Use: Bride Supply Type: OEM Service Material: Polyester / Cotton
Fabric Type: Chiffon Style: Modern Design: Sleeveless
Silhouette: A-Line Hemline: Floor-Length Decoration: Lace
Technics: Appliqued Feature: Dry Cleaning,Eco-Friendly,Maternity,Plus Size
Color: custom choice Place of Origin: Jiangsu, China (Mainland)
Brand Name: loveforever
Model Number: WTO93 MOQ: 1piece Delivery Terms: TNT, FEDEX, DHL, UPS, etc
Buit-in Bra: Yes Fully Lining: Yes Boned: Yes
Custom Made Size and Color: Accept
Packaging & Delivery
Packaging Details:Our products are packed in plastic bag. Or if you have any special requirement, just tell us, we will pack according to your requirement. general size is 40cm*30cm*15cm
Delivery Detail:15days depend on quantity
✦ BLACK LOTUS NAIL UPDATE – NEW LENGTHS ARE HERE! ✦
For the past days I’ve been working on something many of you have asked about — and it’s finally ready to share!
Our Claw and Coffin nails have officially expanded into new lengths to give you even more ways to perfect your look.
WHAT’S NEW?
✦ Short Claws – sleek, sharp, and finally available!
✦ Long Claws – dramatic, fierce, and unapologetically bold.
✦ Short Coffin – chic and versatile, your new everyday go-to.
✦ Long Coffin – elegant, edgy, and designed to steal the spotlight.
(Med remains the original length for both styles.)
SPECIAL RIGGING UPDATES:
✦ Short & Med Claws are now rigged for Male Legacy, so no one is left out.
✦ All nail styles (including Short & Toenails) are now fully rigged for nHumana as well.
And now we’d love to hear from you:
WHICH BODIES WOULD YOU LIKE TO SEE BLACK LOTUS NAILS RIGGED FOR NEXT?
Drop your suggestions below
HUD COMPATIBILITY:
Every HUD you already own will seamlessly work across all lengths:
✦ Claw HUDs → Short / Med / Long Claws
✦ Coffin HUDs → Short / Med / Long Coffin
BASE UPDATES:
The Nail Base section at the Black Lotus Mainstore has already been refreshed with the new bases — so you can start styling right away.
More choice. More drama. More polish.
Whether you’re going subtle or going all out, you now have every length you need to make your nails part of the statement.
Available now at the Black Lotus Mainstore.
Festa Al Cel 2015, Mataró (Barcelona).
Aircraft Catalina G-PBYA
Wingspan 104 feet
Wing area 1400 sq feet
Length 63 feet 10 inches
Height 18 foot 10 inches
Weight 26453lbs
Engine 2 x Pratt &Whitney R1830 1200Hp each
Fuel1458 Imp Gallons
Oil 40 Imp gallons
Speed 115kts
Crew Captain, Co-Pilot & Crew Chief
G-PBYA (formerly C-FNJF) - now based at Duxford Airfield, Cambs, England (previously at Nanaimo, Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada)
Yet another surviving Catalina that owes its continued existence to the need for aerial fire fighting aircraft, C-FNJF flew in this role for many years, not only in various Canadian Provinces but also in the South of France.
Its military career as a Royal Canadian Air Force Canso A, serial 11005, included wartime usage with 9 (BR) Squadron and a post-war spell with the famous 413 Tusker Squadron which had operated Catalina flying boats with distinction within the Royal Air Force in Scotland and the Indian Ocean Theatre during the Second World War. When 11005 was with 413 Squadron, it was engaged in more peaceful aerial mapping and photographic reconnaissance out of Rockliffe, Ontario, work that mostly took it northward and up into Arctic regions. It also flew with 121 Search & Rescue Flight from Sea Island, Vancouver. After being withdrawn from military service in 1959, it was stored for a time at Lincoln Park and was formally struck off charge in May 1961. It was initially sold to Frontier Air Transport and was intended for use by CANSPEC as a water bomber with under-wing tanks. Instead, it appears to have been converted by Field Aviation with internal hull tanks.
In 1963, it was with Kenting Aviation of Toronto and, in their ownership, it spent several seasons in France as they hired their water bombing fleet out on a regular basis. In France, it was operated by the French Government body, Protection Civile, based at Marseille. In common with all of the Protection Civile Catalinas, it bore a coloured identification stripe, in this case blue, on the rear hull and was known by the call sign Pelican Bleu. It is known to have flown in France during the 1966, '67 and '68 seasons and carried two different French Government registrations, F-ZBAY and F-ZBBD.
In 1974, it parted company with Kentings as they disposed of their fleet and it then flew for a while with Prince Albert-based Norcanair on fire fighting duties in Saskatchewan. It carried a vivid white, grey and dayglo orange livery with the hull code '14'. Around 1980, it was taken over by the Province of Saskatchewan fire fighting service at La Ronge and was eventually repainted bright yellow with green and red trim, coded '7'.
As one of a fleet of three Catalinas flown by the Province, it soldiered on for many years, maintained in superb condition and operated alongside more modern equipment in the fleet, namely Grumman Trackers and Canadair CL-215s. On one memorable occasion, it flew in a local air display with its two sister aircraft and a formation water drop was carried out at low level!
All good things come to an end and the Province decided to dispose of its Catalinas. C-FNJF flew to St Thomas, Ontario with C-FNJB where it was placed on the market by Hicks and Lawrence. Whilst there, both Catalinas were surveyed by representatives of a Zimbabwe-based concern owned by Malaysian businessmen. At that time, they were in the early stages of setting up a tourist charter operation based in Harare in which the two Catalinas were to feature strongly.
In due course, both C-FNJF and C-FNJB were purchased and flown across the Rockies to Nanaimo on Vancouver Island. Once there, C-FNJF was immediately hangared and work started on stripping out the water tanks from within the hull and replacing them with internal fittings suitable for passenger carrying including an air stair and panoramic view blisters. The work was carried out by Ray Williams and his local company Catalina Aero Services. C-FNJF remained at Nanaimo and was put up for sale in late-1999 without the operation in Zimbabwe getting off the ground.
C-FNJF was purchased by Duxford-based Catalina Aircraft Ltd in August 2002. The company has been formed to enable 20 shareholders to own a share of this classic piece of aviation history, to participate in its operation and, if qualified, to fly the aircraft as pilot. The aircraft has now been returned to fully airworthy state and was ferried to her new base at Duxford Airfield, England in March 2004, from where she is now being operated by Plane Sailing.
Registration: G-PBYA
Constructors Number: CV283
Place of Manufacture: Cartierville
Previous id(s): C-FNJF, CF-NJF, F-ZBBD, CF-NJF, F-ZBAY, CF-NJF, 11005 (RCAF)
The Kerala backwaters are a chain of brackish lagoons and lakes lying parallel to the Arabian Sea coast (known as the Malabar Coast) of Kerala state in southern India. The network includes five large lakes linked by canals, both manmade and natural, fed by 38 rivers, and extending virtually half the length of Kerala state. The backwaters were formed by the action of waves and shore currents creating low barrier islands across the mouths of the many rivers flowing down from the Western Ghats range.
The Kerala Backwaters are a network of interconnected canals, rivers, lakes and inlets, a labyrinthine system formed by more than 900 km of waterways, and sometimes compared to the American Bayou. In the midst of this landscape there are a number of towns and cities, which serve as the starting and end points of backwater cruises. National Waterway No. 3 from Kollam to Kottapuram, covers a distance of 205 km and runs almost parallel to the coast line of southern Kerala facilitating both cargo movement and backwater tourism.
The backwaters have a unique ecosystem - freshwater from the rivers meets the seawater from the Arabian Sea. In certain areas, such as the Vembanad Kayal, where a barrage has been built near Kumarakom, salt water from the sea is prevented from entering the deep inside, keeping the fresh water intact. Such fresh water is extensively used for irrigation purposes.
Many unique species of aquatic life including crabs, frogs and mudskippers, water birds such as terns, kingfishers, darters and cormorants, and animals such as otters and turtles live in and alongside the backwaters. Palm trees, pandanus shrubs, various leafy plants and bushes grow alongside the backwaters, providing a green hue to the surrounding landscape.
Vembanad Kayal is the largest of the lakes, covering an area of 200 km², and bordered by Alappuzha (Alleppey), Kottayam, and Ernakulam districts. The port of Kochi (Cochin) is located at the lake's outlet to the Arabian Sea. Alleppey, "Venice of the East", has a large network of canals that meander through the town. Vembanad is India’s longest lake.
HOUSE BOATS
The kettuvallams (Kerala houseboats) in the backwaters are one of the prominent tourist attractions in Kerala. More than 2000 kettuvallams ply the backwaters, 120 of them in Alappuzha. Kerala government has classified the tourist houseboats as Platinum, Gold and silver.
The kettuvallams were traditionally used as grain barges, to transport the rice harvested in the fertile fields alongside the backwaters. Thatched roof covers over wooden hulls, 30 m in length, provided protection from the elements. At some point in time the boats were used as living quarters by the royalty. Converted to accommodate tourists, the houseboats have become floating cottages having a sleeping area, with western-style toilets, a dining area and a sit out on the deck. Most tourists spend the night on a house boat. Food is cooked on board by the accompanying staff – mostly having a flavour of Kerala. The houseboats are of various patterns and can be hired as per the size of the family or visiting group. The living-dining room is usually open on at least three sides providing a grand view of the surroundings, including other boats, throughout the day when it is on the move. It is brought to a standstill at times of taking food and at night. After sunset, the boat crew provide burning coils to drive away mosquitoes. Ketuvallams are motorised but generally proceed at a slow speed for smooth travel. All ketuvallams have a generator and most bedrooms are air-conditioned. At times, as per demand of customers, electricity is switched off and lanterns are provided to create a rural setting.
While many ketuvalloms take tourists from a particular point and bring them back to around the same point next morning there are some specific cruises mostly in the Alappuzha area, such as the one night cruise from Alappuzha to Thotapally via Punnamada Lake two nights cruise from Alappuzha to Alumkavadi,[8] one night cruise from Alappuzha to Kidangara, and one night cruise from Alappuzha to Mankotta. There are numerous such cruises.
Beypore, located 10 km south of Kozhikode at the mouth of the Chaliyar River, is a famous fishing harbour, port and boat building centre. Beypore has a 1,500 year-tradition of boatbuilding. The skill of the local shipwrights and boat builders are widely sought after. There is a houseboat-building yard at Alumkadavu, in Ashtamudi Kayal near Kollam.
FERRY SERVICES
Regular ferry services connect most locations on both banks of the backwaters. The Kerala State Water Transport Department operates ferries for passengers as well as tourists. It is the cheapest mode of transport through the backwaters.
ECONOMIC SIGNIFICANCE
Connected by artificial canals, the backwaters form an economical means of transport, and a large local trade is carried on by inland navigation. Fishing, along with fish curing is an important industry.
Kerala backwaters have been used for centuries by the local people for transportation, fishing and agriculture. It has supported the efforts of the local people to earn a livelihood. In more recent times, agricultural efforts have been strengthened with reclamation of some backwater lands for rice growing, particularly in the Kuttanad area. Boat making has been a traditional craft, so has been the coir industry.
Kuttanad is crisscrossed with waterways that run alongside extensive paddy fields, as well as fields of cassava, banana and yam. A unique feature of Kuttanad is that many of these fields are below sea level and are surrounded by earthen embankments. The crops are grown on the low-lying ground and irrigated with fresh water from canal and waterways connected to Vembanad lake. The area is similar to the dikes of the Netherlands where land has been reclaimed from the sea and crops are grown.
WIKIPEDIA
IMAGE ID # 1767005 Exclusiveâ??Mileyâ??s 20-year-old model boyfriend has skated his way into the hearts of the Cyrus family and they showed their approval by inviting him to their Nashville home for the Christmas holiday. The family fun continued Sunday afternoon with a trip to a local ice-skating rink where Miley, Mom Tish, sister Noah, boyfriend Justin, and a friend all dressed in ridiculously silly 80â??s style apparel. Though Dad Billy Ray stayed conservative in modern attire, Miley went wild with tight purple leggings while her mom had fun in her own animal-print leggings. Boyfriend and honored family guest Justin took the prize, however, with super skinny jeans and a tight grey top that bared his sexy midriff, along with a purple headband. Mile and Justin were affectionately arm-in-arm on their way into the rink and the whole family enjoyed dinner afterwards at a nearby restaurant. Love is certainly in the air for Miley and her beau and the family seems to approve of it 100 percent.
12/28/2008 --- Noah Cyrus, Justin Gaston, Tish Finley Cyrus, Miley Cyrus --- (C) 2008 Fame Pictures, Inc. - Santa Monica, CA, U.S.A - 310-395-0500 / Sales: 310-395-0500
[#Beginning of Shooting Data Section]
Nikon D2X
Focal Length: 500mm
Optimize Image:
Color Mode: Mode III (sRGB)
Long Exposure NR: Off
High ISO NR: On (Normal)
2005/12/22 17:08:58.7
Exposure Mode: Aperture Priority
White Balance: Auto
Tone Comp.: Normal
RAW (12-bit)
Metering Mode: Multi-Pattern
AF Mode: AF-C
Hue Adjustment: 0°
Image Size: Large (3216 x 2136)
1/90 sec - F/6.7
Flash Sync Mode: Not Attached
Saturation: Normal
Exposure Comp.: 0 EV
Sharpening: Normal
Lens: 300mm F/4 D
Sensitivity: ISO 400
Image Comment: Anthony Mak
[#End of Shooting Data Section]
Festa Al Cel 2015, Mataró (Barcelona).
Aircraft Catalina G-PBYA
Wingspan 104 feet
Wing area 1400 sq feet
Length 63 feet 10 inches
Height 18 foot 10 inches
Weight 26453lbs
Engine 2 x Pratt &Whitney R1830 1200Hp each
Fuel1458 Imp Gallons
Oil 40 Imp gallons
Speed 115kts
Crew Captain, Co-Pilot & Crew Chief
G-PBYA (formerly C-FNJF) - now based at Duxford Airfield, Cambs, England (previously at Nanaimo, Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada)
Yet another surviving Catalina that owes its continued existence to the need for aerial fire fighting aircraft, C-FNJF flew in this role for many years, not only in various Canadian Provinces but also in the South of France.
Its military career as a Royal Canadian Air Force Canso A, serial 11005, included wartime usage with 9 (BR) Squadron and a post-war spell with the famous 413 Tusker Squadron which had operated Catalina flying boats with distinction within the Royal Air Force in Scotland and the Indian Ocean Theatre during the Second World War. When 11005 was with 413 Squadron, it was engaged in more peaceful aerial mapping and photographic reconnaissance out of Rockliffe, Ontario, work that mostly took it northward and up into Arctic regions. It also flew with 121 Search & Rescue Flight from Sea Island, Vancouver. After being withdrawn from military service in 1959, it was stored for a time at Lincoln Park and was formally struck off charge in May 1961. It was initially sold to Frontier Air Transport and was intended for use by CANSPEC as a water bomber with under-wing tanks. Instead, it appears to have been converted by Field Aviation with internal hull tanks.
In 1963, it was with Kenting Aviation of Toronto and, in their ownership, it spent several seasons in France as they hired their water bombing fleet out on a regular basis. In France, it was operated by the French Government body, Protection Civile, based at Marseille. In common with all of the Protection Civile Catalinas, it bore a coloured identification stripe, in this case blue, on the rear hull and was known by the call sign Pelican Bleu. It is known to have flown in France during the 1966, '67 and '68 seasons and carried two different French Government registrations, F-ZBAY and F-ZBBD.
In 1974, it parted company with Kentings as they disposed of their fleet and it then flew for a while with Prince Albert-based Norcanair on fire fighting duties in Saskatchewan. It carried a vivid white, grey and dayglo orange livery with the hull code '14'. Around 1980, it was taken over by the Province of Saskatchewan fire fighting service at La Ronge and was eventually repainted bright yellow with green and red trim, coded '7'.
As one of a fleet of three Catalinas flown by the Province, it soldiered on for many years, maintained in superb condition and operated alongside more modern equipment in the fleet, namely Grumman Trackers and Canadair CL-215s. On one memorable occasion, it flew in a local air display with its two sister aircraft and a formation water drop was carried out at low level!
All good things come to an end and the Province decided to dispose of its Catalinas. C-FNJF flew to St Thomas, Ontario with C-FNJB where it was placed on the market by Hicks and Lawrence. Whilst there, both Catalinas were surveyed by representatives of a Zimbabwe-based concern owned by Malaysian businessmen. At that time, they were in the early stages of setting up a tourist charter operation based in Harare in which the two Catalinas were to feature strongly.
In due course, both C-FNJF and C-FNJB were purchased and flown across the Rockies to Nanaimo on Vancouver Island. Once there, C-FNJF was immediately hangared and work started on stripping out the water tanks from within the hull and replacing them with internal fittings suitable for passenger carrying including an air stair and panoramic view blisters. The work was carried out by Ray Williams and his local company Catalina Aero Services. C-FNJF remained at Nanaimo and was put up for sale in late-1999 without the operation in Zimbabwe getting off the ground.
C-FNJF was purchased by Duxford-based Catalina Aircraft Ltd in August 2002. The company has been formed to enable 20 shareholders to own a share of this classic piece of aviation history, to participate in its operation and, if qualified, to fly the aircraft as pilot. The aircraft has now been returned to fully airworthy state and was ferried to her new base at Duxford Airfield, England in March 2004, from where she is now being operated by Plane Sailing.
Registration: G-PBYA
Constructors Number: CV283
Place of Manufacture: Cartierville
Previous id(s): C-FNJF, CF-NJF, F-ZBBD, CF-NJF, F-ZBAY, CF-NJF, 11005 (RCAF)
Specifications (King Air B200)
General characteristics
Crew: 1-2
Capacity: 13 passengers
Length: 43 ft 9 in (13.34 m)
Wingspan: 54 ft 6 in (16.61 m)
Height: 15 ft 0 in (4.57 m)
Wing area: 303 ft² (28.2 m²)
Empty weight: 7,755 lb (3,520 kg)
Max takeoff weight: 12,500 lb (5,670 kg)
Powerplant: 2× Pratt & Whitney Canada PT6A-42 turboprops, 850 shp (635 kW) each
Performance
Maximum speed: 339 mph (294 knots, 545 km/h) at 25,000 ft (7,600m)
Cruise speed: 333 mph (289 knots ,536 km/h) at 25,000 ft (max cruise)
Stall speed: 86 mph (75 knots, 139 km/h) IAS (flaps down)
Range: 2,075 mi (1,800 nm, 3,338 km) with maximum fuel and 45 minute reserve
Service ceiling: 32,800 ft (10,700 m)
Rate of climb: 2,450 ft/min (12.5 m/s)
Wing loading: 41.3 lb/ft² (201.6 kg/m²)
Power/mass: 0.14 hp/lb (220 W/kg)
The Beechcraft Super King Air family is part of a line of twin-turboprop aircraft produced by the Beech Aircraft Corporation (now the Beechcraft Division of Hawker Beechcraft). The King Air line comprises a number of model series that fall into two families: the Model 90 series, Model 100 series (these models comprising the King Air family), Model 200 series and Model 300 series. The latter two models were originally marketed as the "Super King Air" family, but the "Super" was dropped in 1996.
The Super King Air family has been in continuous production since 1974, the longest production run of any civilian turboprop aircraft in its class. It has outlasted all of its previous competitors and as of 2007 the only other aircraft in its class is the Piaggio Avanti. As of December 2008, the B200, B200GT and the larger B300 are the production models. Special mission derivative versions of these models are also available for order.
The Beechcraft 1900 regional airliner was derived from the Model 200 King Air.
Variants
Model 200
Prototypes and initial production version, 858 built (c/nos. BB-1 to BB-853 except BB-734, BB-793 and BB-829, plus BB-871 to BB-873, BB-892, BB-893, BB-895, BB-912 and BB-991) including those converted to Model 200Ts; first prototype (c/no. BB-1) converted to PD 290 jet aircraft and first three production aircraft (c/nos. BB-3 to BB-5) delivered to US Army as Model A100-1s.
Model A200
First model purpose-built for US military (Army and Air Force); 75 built (c/nos. BC-1 to BC-75).
Model 200T
Version with removable wingtip fuel tanks similar to those fitted to the competing Piper Cheyenne, optional dome-shaped side windows in the rear fuselage, and modified belly to allow aerial photography. Prototype and subsequent aircraft converted from Model 200s and re-serialled; 23 delivered (c/nos. BT-1 to BT-22 and BT-28).
Model A200C
Second military model built for US Navy and USMC with cargo door in LH rear fuselage; 90 built (c/nos. BJ-1 to BJ-66, BU-1 to BU-12 and BV-1 to BV-12).
Model 200C
Civil equivalent to A200C; 36 built (c/nos. BL-1 to BL-36).
Model A200CT
Third military model, built for US Army with cargo door and wingtip fuel tanks of Model 200T; 93 built (c/nos. BP-1 to BP-71, FC-1 to FC-3, GR-1 to GR-19).
Model 200CT
Civil equivalent to A200CT; one aircraft converted from Model 200C c/no. BL-24 and re-serialled as c/no. BN-1.
King Air B200Model B200
Current baseline production model; updated version of Model 200. 1,150 built[47] (c/nos. BB-734, BB-793 and BB-829, BB-854 to BB-870, BB-874 to BB-891, BB-894, BB-896 to BB-911, BB-913 to BB-990, BB-992 to BB-2008) as of December 2008, including those converted to Model B200Ts.
C/nos. BB-1296, BB-1302, BB-1305, BB-1309, BB-1314, BB-1338 to BB-1343, BB-1376, BB-1383 and BB-1384 delivered as Model 1300s.
C/nos. BB-1385 to BB-1388 were built for the Israeli Air Force and are not certified by the FAA[2].
C/nos. BB-1834, BB-1843 and after fitted with Proline 21 avionics[2].
Model B200C
Version of B200 with cargo door, available to order. 112 built[5] (c/nos. BL-37 to BL-153, except BL-113 to BL-117, which were not built) as of January 2009; 47 (c/nos. BL-72 to BL-123, except BL-113 to BL-117) to US Air Force as C-12Fs.
C/nos. BL-148 to BL-153 fitted with Proline 21 avionics[2].
A total of 65 other aircraft, similar in specification to the B200C, were built for the US military, but were not given 200 series designations by the FAA (c/nos. BW-1 to BW-29, FE-1 to FE-36).
Model B200T
Version of B200 similar to Model 200T; aircraft converted from Model B200s and re-serialled. 23 delivered (c/nos. BT-23 to BT-27 and BT-29 to BT-46).
C/nos. BT-39 to BT-46 were built for the Israeli Air Force and are not certified by the FAA[2].
Model B200CT
Version of B200C with wingtip fuel tanks; all aircraft converted from B200Cs and re-serialled. Eight delivered (c/nos. BN-2 to BN-9) to Marina de Guerra del Perú (c/nos. BN-2 to BN-4) and Israeli Air Force.
C/nos. BN-5 to BN-9, built for the Israeli Air Force, are not certified by the FAA[2].
Another two similar aircraft were built for the Israeli Air Force without a Beech designation (c/nos. FG-1 and FG-2).
Model 300
Two versions, the standard Model 300 with increased MTOW of 14,000 lb (6,300 kg) and the Model 300LW with MTOW limited to 12,500 lb (5,700 kg) to meet the aviation regulatory requirements of various countries. 247 built (c/nos. FA-1 to FA-230 and FF-1 to FF-19; FA-126 and FA-129 converted to FF-1 and FF-2), of which 35 were Model 300LWs.
C/nos. FF-1 to FF-19 were built specifically for the FAA for use in navaid calibration.
Model B300
Stretched model with two extra cabin windows each side of forward fuselage and winglets on wingtips; in production as King Air 350 and King Air 350ER. About 630 built[48] as of December 2008 (c/nos. FL-1 and after).
C/nos. FL-381, FL-383 and after fitted with Proline 21 avionics[2].
C/no. FL-424 modified as King Air 350ER prototype, c/nos. FL-546, FL-568, FL-599, FL-618, FL-623 to FL-626, FL-628 and FL-629 built as 350ERs.[9]
Model B300C
Version of B300 with cargo door; available for order. 26 built as of the end of 2008 (c/nos. FM-1 to FM-25 and FN-1).
C/nos. FN-1 built for the Swiss Air Force with modifications for aerial surveillance.
C/nos. FM-12 and after fitted with Proline 21 avionics[2].
C/nos. FM-14, FM-16 to FM-18 and FM-21 modified prior to delivery with underwing hardpoints and delivered as B300CERs.[2][9]
Model B200GT
Updated version of B200; current civil production model. About 80 built[49] as of December 2008 (c/nos BY-1 and after).
Model B200CGT
Updated version of B200C; available for order but none built as of December 2008 (c/nos BZ-1 and after).[9]
The ICAO designator, such as might be used in a PIREP or a flight plan, for the various Super King Airs are BE20 (model 200), BE30 (model 300), and B350 (model 350).
We stumbled upon All Saints en route to a different church, and as all those seen thus far on this day had been small and plain, not much was expected. But I saw the tower from along the main street, and looked impressive. and once parked we found it unlocked and welcoming.
Star of the show is the northern chapel, given over to the Culpepper family, with a fabulous tomb in the centre. On the walls, dozens of blank shields show what had been planned to be the family mausoleum for centuries, but things changed, the family moved away and the chapel has just three shields decorated.
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There was considerable damage caused to this church in an earthquake of 1382. The medieval accounts survive so we know that 48s 2d was spent on the rebuilding. Little can have changed to the structure since that time, except for the construction of a north chapel in 1638. This chapel has a charming pattern of flint flushwork triangles in a horizontal course below the battlements. It contains one of the most interesting seventeenth-century monuments in Kent - to commemorate Lady Elizabeth Culpepper (d. 1638), carved and signed by the Court Sculptor Edward Marshall. The detail is amazing and the cord that connects her ring and wrist is always pointed out to visitors. The rest of the church was restored early in the career of George Gilbert Scott Jr in 1876 (see also Frinsted) and retains its patina of age unimaginable in a restoration by Scott Sr. The pulpit is early seventeenth century and dates from a few years after the much crocketed font cover. There are three signed monuments by Rysbrack and a tall crownpost roof of good construction in the nave.
www.kentchurches.info/church.asp?p=Hollingbourne
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HOLLINGBORNE.
THE next parish north-westward from Harrietsham is Hollingborne, called in Domesday, Hoilingeborde, and in later records, Holingburnan and Holingeburne. It probably took its name from the spring which rises in the vale underneath the hill, in this parish.
THE PARISH of Hollingborne is situated much the same as that of Harrietsham last described, close to the great ridge of chalk hills, at the foot of which is the village called Hollingborne-street, in which at the south end of it stands the church and vicarage, and near them a well-looking brick mansion, of the time of queen Elizabeth, which by its appearance must have had owners of good condition in former times, but what is remarkable the rector of Hollingborne claims some rooms in this house in right of his rectory at this time. The road through Newnhambottom from Ospringe and Canterbury passes through Hollingborne-street, and thence through Eyhorne, commonly called Iron-street, in this parish, where there are two good houses, one belonging to Robert Salmon, esq. who resides in it, and the other built not many years since by Mr. John Weeks, who died possessed of it in 1785. Hence the road leads on, and joins the Ashford high road through Bersted to Maidstone. The southern part of this parish consists mostly of a deep sand, the whole of it below the hill is well watered by some small streams, which running southward join the Lenham rivulet in its way to Maidstone. Nearer the street the soil becomes a chalk, which continues to the summit of the hill, at the edge of which stands Mr. Duppa's house, whence the remaining part of this parish northward, situated on high ground, and exposed to the cold bleak winds, is but a wild and dreary country, with thick hedgerows, and frequent coppices of wood, mostly of hazel and oak, and small unthriving trees of the latter dispersed among them; the soil a deep tillage land, wet and very poor, being a red cludgy earth, covered with quantities of flint stones. On Eyhorne green, or as it is commonly called Broad-street, in this parish, in October yearly, two constables are chosen, one for the upper, the other for the lower half hundred of Eyhorne, each of which district consists of the twelve adjoining parishes, the borsholders in which, and the several boroughs in them, except such as are chosen at the different court leets, are chosen here likewise.
This parish, with the manor of Elnothington in it, together with the rest of the hundred of Eyhorne, was antiently bound to contribute to the repair of the sixth pier of Rochester bridge.
ÆTHELSTAN ETHELING, son of Ethelred II. gave by his will in 1015, to Christ-church, in Canterbury, his lands at Hollingborne, with their appurtenances, excepting one plough-land, which he had given to Siserth. In the MSS. in Bennet college library, Cambridge, of the evidences of Christ-church, Canterbury, intitled Thorn, printed in Decim. Script. f. 2221, this gift is said to have been made in 980; a very improbable circumstance, the king, his elder brother, at that time being but fourteen years of age.
These lands he had bought of his father, and gave them, with his consent, to Christ-church, L. S. A. that is, free from all secular service, excepting the trinoda necessitas, in like manner as Adisham had been given to it.
The manor of Hollingborne remained part of the possessions of the church of Canterbury at the time of the conquest, when the revenues of it were enjoyed as one common estate by the archbishop and his convent; but archbishop Lanfranc, after the example of foreign churches, separating them, in the partition Hollingborne fell to the share of the monks, and was allotted for their subsistence, (or ad Cibum, as it was usually termed) and it is accordingly thus entered in the book of Domesday, under the general title of Terra Monachorum Archiepi, i. e. the land of the monks of the archbishop.
The archbishop himself holds Hoilingeborde. It was taxed at six sulings. The arable land is twenty-four carucates. In demesne there are two, and sixty-one villeins, with sixteen borderers, having twenty-three carucates. There is a church, twelve servants, and two mills, and eight acres of meadow. Wood for the pannage of forty hogs. In the whole, in the time of king Edward the Confessor, and afterwards, it was worth twenty pounds, and now it is worth thirty pounds. To this manor there adjoins half a suling, which never paid scot, this the bishop of Baieux rents of the archbishop.
At this time, the whole of the above premises seems to have been valued at thirty pounds.
King Henry II. granted to the monks of Christchurch a charter for their lands at Hollingborne upon the Hills. In the 10th year of king Edward II. the prior obtained a charter of free-warren for his manor of Hollingborne, among others; about which time it was, with its appurtenances, valued at 46l. 9s. 8d. King Henry VI. by his letters patent, in his 25th and 26th year, granted to the prior a market, to be held at this place weekly on a Wednesday, and a fair yearly on the feast of St. Anne. (fn. 1)
William Selling, who was elected prior in the next reign of king Edward IV. anno 1472, during the time of his holding that dignity, greatly improved the prior's apartments here. After which, it seems to have undergone no material alteration till the dissolution of the priory, which was surrendered into the hands of king Henry VIII. in the 31st year of his reign.
The manor of Hollingborne did not remain long in the hands of the crown; for the king settled it, by his dotation charter, in his 33d year, on his newerected dean and chapter of Canterbury, part of whose possessions it now remains.
There is a court-leet and court baron regularly held by the dean and chapter for this manor, which extends likewise into the adjoining parishes of Hucking, Bredhurst, and Harrietsham, the quit-rents of it called Beadle-rents, being about forty-two pounds per annum.
¶BUT THE DEMESNE LANDS of this manor have been from time to time leased out by the dean and chapter at a reserved rent of 10l. 9s. The year after the grant of it to them, they demised them by lease to I. Reynolde, as they did anno 19 Elizabeth to William Puresoy, in whose family they remained till the beginning of king James I.'s reign. After which the Fludds held them in lease, and continued so to do, till their interest in them was passed away to W. Alabaster, D. D. After which these premises were held in succession by Bargrave, Boys, Farewell, and Gookin, till the year 1684, when Sir Thomas Culpeper, had a lease of them, in whose family they continued till John Spencer Colepeper, of the Charterhouse, passed away his interest in them to the Hon. Robert Fairfax, who held them in 1758, and then alienated his lease to Francis Child, esq. banker in London, whose brother Robert Child, esq. of London, banker, dying in 1782, the trustees of his will, Robert Dent and John Keysel, esqrs. are now in the possession of his interest in the lease of these demesnes, under the dean and chapter, besides which the dean and chapter have several other lands and woods here leased out by them to different persons.
HOLLINGBORNE is within the ECCLESIASTICAL JURISDICTION of the diocese of Canterbury, and deaury of Sutton; and is exempt from the jurisdiction of the archdeacon.
The church, which is dedicated to All Saints, is a handsome building, consisting of three large isles, with a chancel at the end of the middle one, and a square tower at the west end. The chancel is much enriched with the monuments of the family of Culpeper, of Greenway-court, and for two of the lords Culpeper, one of them by Rysbrack; on the north side is one for Sir Martin Barnham and his two wives, in 1610, their three figures kneeling at a desk, and underneath their children. At the east end of the north isle there is a small neat chapel, raised up several steps to give room for a vault underneath, in which lie the remains of all this branch of the Culpeper family. The sides of the chapel are filled with black escutcheons, and square tablets of black marble alternately, only two of these among the numbers of them are filled up, and those with younger branches of the family settled elsewhere, a proof of the disappointment of the vain endeavours of the builder to transmit the memory of his descendants to posterity. On the middle of the pavement is a beautiful raised monument of white marble, and the figure of a lady, lying at full length, in the habit of the times, of exceeding good sculpture, in memory of Elizabeth, lady of Sir Thomas Culpeper, daughter of John Cheney, esq. of Sussex, obt. 1638. In the isle a monument for Nich. Chaloner, esq. obt. 1706. Against the north wall of the north isle for two of the family of Duppa, and at the lower end of the church, for the Plummers, Collins's and Dykes. In the middle isle a stone, on which have been the figures of a man and woman in brass, but two shields of arms remain, being quarterly, first and fourth, A chevron, engrailed on a chief, three sleurs de lis; second and third, Three fishes, wavy, sessways, in pale.
There is belonging to this church, a most superb altar-cloth, and a pulpit-cloth and cushion, of purple velvet, ornamented with different figures of fruits of pomegranets and grapes, wrought in gold, the needlework of the daughters of Sir John Colepeper, afterwards created lord Colepeper, who employed themselves for almost the space of twelve years in the working of them, during their father's absence abroad with king Charles II.
The communion plate is very handsome, and an swerable to the above-mentioned furniture, being mostly the gift of the family of Colepeper, and some of it of Baldwin Duppa, esq.
John Eweyn, by his will proved in 1527, gave a table of alabaster, to stand upon the altar of St. John the Baptist in this church; and money to the repair of St. John's chapel in it. John Aleff, parson of Hollingborne, as appears by his will in 1537, was buried in the way beside the porch-door, on the right hand, and that there was set in the wall, nigh his grave, a stone with a plate of sculpture, mentioning where and when he was buried. He had before been vicar of Little Chart, and of St. Laurence Wolton, as he was then of St. John's Sherburne, in Hampshire.
The church of Hollingborne, to which the chapels of Hucking and Bredhurst were antiently annexed, is a sinecure rectory, with a vicarage endowed. The rector of Hollingborne is at this time patron of the perpetual curacy of the chapel of Bredhurst. The archbishop is patron both of the rectory and of the vicarage of Hollingborne, the vicar of which is collated to this vicarage, with the chapel of Hucking annexed.
The vicarage was endowed before the year 1407, in which year Arthur Sentleger, the rector, granted to William Maunby, vicar of this church, a messuage, with its appurtenances in this parish, for the habitation of himself and his successors for ever. (fn. 5) In archbishop Chichele's register, at Lambeth, there is an unauthenticated writing of a composition, made about the year 1441, for it is without date, between William Lyeff, then rector here, and John Fsylde, vicar, upon the assignation of a proper portion for the endowment of this vicarage in future times.
The rectory of Hollingborne is valued in the king's books at 28l. 15s. 5d. and the tenths at 2l. 17s. 6 1/7d. The vicarage is valued in them at 7l. 6s. 8d. and the yearly tenths at 14s. 8d. The vicarage in 1640 was valued at eighty-six pounds, and the communicants were then 271. It is now of the yearly certified value of 70l. 16s. 8d.
The vicarage was augmented twenty pounds per annum, by lease between Ralph Staunton, rector, and Sir Thomas Culpeper, of this parish.
¶The name of Culpeper, or Colepeper, is so variously spelt in different deeds and records, that it is impossible to keep with any rule to either spelling; on all the monuments, and in the parish register, (excepting in two instances in the last) it is spelt Culpeper.
Thanks to the Nailbourne project, I now understand how the communities and landscape fots in along its length, though that a bubbling noisy stream can just vanish then appear miles away is very difficult to get your head round. The Nailbourne only fully flows in very wet years, but when it does, the beds that are dry now can be several feet deep.
But downstream of Littlebourne, where the Nailbourne becomes the Little Stour, it is wider, about six feet wide, clogged with reeds and weeds, but also was used to power to large mills. They both stand, one between Littlebourne and Wickhambreaux, and the other in Wickhambreaux itself, though is now just a house But is a large white clapboard building, with a large wheel.
These days, the village looks very prosperous, all grand houses or cottage conversions.
From here, the Little Stour makes its way over the marshes which centuries ago was the Wantsum Channel, so Wickhambreaux was almost a seaside town.
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The interior of this very pretty church is dominated by nineteenth-century work. The whole of the chancel and baptistry is lined with dark brown encaustic tiles, hiding a straightforward fourteenth-century church. The east window is an early example of American Art Nouveau in England, and dominates the entire building. It was designed by Baron Arild Rosenkrantz in 1896. Above the window are stencilled paintings of angels ascending, which can also be seen in the nave, whilst the roof there has a charming star-spangled sky. At the south-west corner is a vestry - screened off by an eighteenth-century screen which may have formed part of the refitting of the chancel paid for by Mary Young. Her monument in the chancel records that 'infirm from her youth she protracted life to the 68th year of her age'. She left £100 for wainscotting and ornamenting the chancel. The interior viewed from the east gives an unusual appearance as the aisles flank the tower (see also Sandhurst).
www.kentchurches.info/church.asp?p=Wickhambreaux
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WICKHAM BREAUS
LIES adjoining to Littleborne north-eastward, being usally called Wickham Brook. It is likewise called Wickham by Wingham, to distinguish it from the two other parishes of the same name in this county. In Domesday it is written Wicheham, a name derived from its situation near the banks of the river, which runs close to it. There is only one borough in it, viz. the borough of Wickham, which comprehends the whole parish.
Wickham is a low, flat, and unpleasant situation, and lying so near the marshes cannot but be unhealthy, the land throughout it is in general good and sertile, especially near the village, where the fields are very large and level ground. The village, in number about twenty houses, stands at the south-east boundary of the parish, built round a green, over which the road leads to Ickham, having the church and court-lodge on one side, and the parsonage, a handsome brick house, on the other. At the further end of the green, the Lesser Stour crosses the road, and turns a corn-mill belonging to the manor, beyond it is only one house, called the Stone-house, being built of squared stones and slints in chequers, and by the arched windows and door-ways seems of some antiquity. The parish stretches a good distance northward, as far as Groveferry, the house of which is within it, and the greater Stour river, over a level of about 500 acres of marsh land, which extend from the river into a sinus, with a ridge of upland on each side, to within a quarter of a mile of the village. North eastward from which is the Saperton, formerly the property of the Beakes's, who resided here as early as king Henry the VIIIth.'s reign; it was sold by them to the Furneses, whence it came by marriage, with Copthall, in this parish, to the St. John's, viscounts Bolingbroke, who have lately sold it, but one of the family of Beake, many of whom lie buried in this church, now occupies it. A little beyond this is Newnham, once accounted a manor, formerly belonging to the Ropers, lords Teynham, afterwards to the Bartholomews, then to Joseph Brooke, esq. of Rochester, and now to his devisee the Rev. John Kenward Shaw Brooke, of Town-Malling.—Hence among the marshes is the hamlet of Grove, through which the road leads across them to the right over the lesser Stour, to Wingham, Ash, and the eastern parts of Kent, and to the left by Grove-ferry over the Greater Stour, to the northern part of the country and the Isle of Thanet. There is no other wood in the parish excepting Trendley park. There is no fair.
At the time of taking the survey of Domesday, in the year 1080, this place was part of those possessions with which that king had enriched his half-brother Odo, the great bishop of Baieux. Accordingly it is thus entered in that record, under the general title of his lands:
In Donamesford hundred, the bishop himself holds in demesne Wicheham. It was taxed at four sulings. The arable land is eleven carucates. In demesne there are two carucates, and thirty-six villeins, with thirty-two cottagers having nine carucates. There is a church, and one priest who gives forty shillings per annum. There is one park, and two mills of fifty shillings, and two saltpits of thirtytwo pence, and three fisheries of four shillings, and thirtytwo acres of meadow. Pasture for three hundred sheep and for thirty-one beasts. Wood for the pannage of eighty bogs. In the time of king Edward the Confessor it was worth twenty-five pounds, when he received it twenty pounds, now thirty pounds. There belong to this manor in Canterbury three plats of land paying six shillings and eight pence. Alured Biga held it of king Edward. Moreover there belongs to this manor half a suling of free land, which Sired held of Alured Biga, and Goisfrid, son of Badland, now holds it of the bishop of Baieux, and it is and was worth separately sixty shillings.
Four years afterwards the bishop was disgraced, and all his possessions were consiscated to the crown, of which this manor appears afterwards to have been held by the Cliffords. Walter, son of Walter de Clifford, possessed it in the reign of king John, and with Agnes de Cundy, his wife, was a good benefactor to St. Augustine's abbey, and that of St. Radigund. (fn. 1) By the marriage of Margaret, daughter and heir of Walter Clifford, with John de Brewse, it passed into that name, and William de Brewse, or de Braiosa, as they were written in Latin, was possessed of it in the 42d year of king Henry III. His descendant William de Brewse, lord of the honour of Brembre, in Sussex, and of Gower, in Wales, as he stiled himself, whose ancestor came into England with the Conqueror, who gave him the castle of Brember, and whose descendant afterwards, by the marriage with Bertha, daughter and one of the coheirs of Milo, earl of Hereford, became possessed of the castles of Brecknock and Gower likewife, and bore for his arms, Azure, a lion rampant, between twelve cross-croslets, or; though I find by the pedigrees of this family, that his ancestors bore Azure, three bars vaire, argent, and gules. He was several times summoned to parliament in king Edward I.'s reign, as was his son of the same name, both in that and Edward II.'s reign, and died possessed of this manor in the 19th year of the latter. Very soon after which it appears, with the church appendant to it, to have come into the possession of Edmund of Woodstock, earl of Kent, half brother to king Edward II. (fn. 2) After which it descended to his brother John Plantagenet, likewife earl of Kent, it being then held of the king in sergeantry. He died anno 26 Edward III. upon which Joane his sister, commonly called the Fair Maid of Kent, wife of Sir Thomas Holand, became his heir, who in her right not only possessed this manor, but became earl of Kent likewise. She afterwards married Edward the black prince, and died in the 9th year of king Richard II. being succeeded in this manor then held in capite, by Thomas Holand, earl of Kent, her son by her first husband, whose two sons, Thomas and Edward, both earls of Kent, and the former created Duke of Surry, in turn succeeded to it, and the latter dying anno 9 Henry IV. his five sisters became his coheirs, and on a partition made between them, Edmund, earl of March, son of Eleanor, late countess of March, the eldest of them became entitled to this manor in his mother's right, being the last earl of March of this family, for he died s. p. in the 3d year of king Henry VI. being then possessed of it. The year after which, Joane, wife of Sir John Gray, appears by the escheat rolls to have been entitled to it; not long after which it became the property of the family of Tibetot, or Tiptoft, as they were usually called, in whom it continued down to John Tiptost, earl of Worcester, who was attainted and beheaded in 1471, anno 10 Edward IV. king Henry being then restored to the crown. He lest an infant son Edward, who, though he was afterwards restored in blood by king Edward IV. yet I do not find that he was ever reinstated in the possession of this manor, which remained in the crown till the reign of king Henry VIII. who granted it, with the advowson of the church, to Sir Matthew Browne, of Beechworth-castle, who in the 22d year of it, passed it away to Lucy, widow of his uncle Sir Anthony Browne, standard-bearer of England, whose grandson Anthony was, anno I and 2 of Philip and Mary, created viscount Montague, and died possessed of this manor anno 34 Elizabeth, and by his will devised it to his eldest son by his second wife, Sir George Browne, who was of Wickham Breaus, and his grandson Sir George Browne, K. B. leaving two daughters his coheirs, Winifrid, married to Basil Brooks, esq. of Salop, and Eleanor, to Henry Farmer, esq. of Oxfordshire, they joined in the sale of it, at the latter end of Charles II.'s reign, to Sir H. Palmer, bart. of Wingham, who died possessed of it in 1706, s. p. and by his will devised it to his nephew Sir Thomas Palmer, bart. who died in 1723, and by his will gave it to his natural son Herbert Palmer, esq. who married Bethia, one of the daughters of Sir Thomas D'Aeth, bart. of Knowlton, who died in 1760, s. p., having devised this manor, with the advowson of the church appendant, to his widow. She afterwards married John Cosnan, esq. who in her right became possessed of it, and died in 1778, s. p. leaving her furviving, upon which she again became entitled to the possession of it, and continued owner of it till her death in 1797, on which it came to her nephew Sir Narborough D'Aeth, bart. of Knowlton, the present owner of it. A court leet and court baron is held for this manor.
Trendley park, now accounted a manor of itself, is situated at the north-west boundary of this parish, being entirely separated from the rest of it by that of Littleborne intervening. It was part of the possessions of Odo, bishop of Baieux, and is noticed in the survey of Domesday, in the description of the manor of Wickham above recited, in which it is mentioned as being then a park; and it should seem that at least part of it was then accounted as appurtenant to that manor; though in the description of the manor of Littleborne, in the same survey, which then belonged to the abbey of St. Augustine, it appears that the bishop had lands belonging to that manor too lying within his park here. Of this manor the bishop of Baieux has in his park as much land as is worth sixty shillings, says the record. In part of the recompence for which, the bishop seems to have given the abbot the manor of Garwinton, in Littleborne, and other land within the manor of Leeds, as may be seen by the entries of both these manors in the same record. Soon after which there was another exchange of land made between the bishop and archbishop Lanfranc, for some which lay within his park of Wikeham. What is remarkable in this instrument is, that it is given in two languages, in Saxon and Latin, but neither is a translation of the other, for both are originals, as was a frequent custom of that time. Appendant to it is the bishop's seal in wax, representing him on one side on horseback, with his sword and spurs, as an earl, and on the other habited as a bishop, with his pastoral staff; being perhaps the only seal of Odo at this time extant. (fn. 3) By all which it appears, that this park is much more antient than that of Woodstock, which has been accounted the first inclosed park in England. How long it continued an inclosed park, I have no where found; but in the beginning of king Henry VI.'s reign it was not so, as appears by the escheat-rolls of the 3d year of it, after the death of Edmund, earl of March, at which time there were two hundred acres of wood in it. He was lord of the manor of Wickham, and Trendley park was chiefly at that time certainly appurtenant to it, and continued so whilst in the possession of the same owners, which it did most probably till the attainder of John Tiptost, earl of Worcester, in the 10th year of king Edward IV. when they both came into the hands of the crown, and though king Henry VIII. afterwards granted the manor of Wickham to Sir Matthew Browne, yet I do not find that Trendley park was granted with it. From which time it has had separate owners. For some time it has been the property of the family of Denne, who continue at this time the owners of it. It lies in an unpleasant, lonely part of the parish, facing Westbere, and consists of three hundred acres of woodland, and a house called the Park-house. There is a high road through the middle of it from Stodmarsh to Canterbury market, which in king Edward II.'s reign, was attempted to be shut up, but the sheriff, with the posse comitatus, was ordered to open it again, as being an antient and allowed high road.
Charities.
Andrew Holness, of Seton, in Ickham, by will in 1554, gave to the poor 2s. in money and bread, to be distributed yearly; the churchwardens to take so much yearly out of his lands in Ickham and Wickham, except his house and garden at Seton, in case his executors did not give the same yearly.
Henry Sloyden, of Wickham Breaus, by will in 1568, gave for the use of the poor and Littleborne, in equal portions, a piece of land containing six acres and a half in the latter parish, called Church-close, which is distributed twice a year by the respective minister and churchwardens, and is of the annual produce of 4l.
John Smith, rector of this parish, by deed in 1656, gave a school-room, and a house and garden for a schoolmaster, in this parish, for teaching the children of it. The master to be chosen from one of his relations in preference, if any such could be found, is vested in the rector and churchwardens of this parish.
Sir Henry Palmer, of Bekesborne, by his will in 1611, gave the sum of 10s. to each of the several parishes of Wickham, Stodmarsh, Littleborne, and five others therein mentioned, to be paid into the hands of the minister and churchwardens yearly, out of his manor and lands of Well-court, at Michaelmas, towards the relief of the poor of each of them.
Thomas Belke, D. D. rector of this parish, by will in 1712, gave 501. for the putting out of five poor children of this parish apprentices.
There are about thirty poor constantly relieved, and casually seventy.
This parish is within the ecclesiastical jurisdiction of the diocese of Canterbury, and deanry of Bridge.
¶The church, which is dedicated to St. Andrew, consists of three isles and one chancel, having at the west end a square tower, in which hang six bells. The church is not large, but is handsome and neat. In the middle isle are several memorials for the Beakes, of Saperton. In the south isle for the Larkins, who lived at Grove, in this parish. In the east window are remains of good painted glass, viz. the arms of Edward the black price and of Mortimer, quartered with Burgh, and a representation of Herod's daughter beheading John the Baptist. In the chancel, on the pavement, is the figure of a priest in brass, and inscription, for Henry Welde, rector, obt. 1420. A gravestone, and monument for Alexander Young, B D. rector of this parish, who rebuilt this parsonage-house, and repaired that of Eastchurch, of which he was vicar likewife, at the expence of 2000l. obt. March 21, 1755. A memorial for John Smith, rector, obt. Oct. 28, 1658. In the church-yard are many headstones, and a tombstone for the family of Beake. In the windows of this church there were formerly many different shields of arms, long since demolished.
This church was always an appendage to the manor, and continues so at this time, Sir Narborough D' Aeth, bart. owner of the manor of Wickham, being the present patron of it.
There was antiently both a rectory and vicarage in this church, which continued till the year 1322, when on a vacancy of the latter, Richard de Newcastle, the rector, petitioned archbishop Walter Reynolds, that they might be consolidated, which was granted, and they have continued in that state to the present time. (fn. 4)
This rectory is valued in the king's books at 29l. 12s. 6d. and the yearly tenths at 2l. 19s. 3d. In 1588 it was valued at 250l. communicants one hundred and sixty-three. In 1640 the same. There are eighteen acres of glebe-land.
The marsh-lands in this parish, within Wickham and Preston valleys, pay a modus of two-pence an acre, and those within Newnham 1½d. only, in lieu of all tithes.