Latin America / América Latina
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Camera obscura (plural camera obscura or camerae obscurae from Latin, meaning "dark room": camera "(vaulted) chamber or room," and obscura "darkened, dark"), also referred to as pinhole image, is the natural optical phenomenon that occurs when an image of a scene at the other side of a screen (or for instance a wall) is projected through a small hole in that screen, as a reversed and inverted image (left to right and upside down) on a surface opposite to the opening. The surroundings of the projected image have to be relatively dark for the image to be clear, so many historical camera obscura experiments were performed in dark rooms.
The term "camera obscura" also refers to constructions or devices that make use of the principle within a box, tent or room. Camerae obscurae with a lens in the opening have been used since the second half of the 16th century and became popular as an aid for drawing and painting. The camera obscura box was developed further into the photographic camera in the first half of the 19th century when camera obscura boxes were used to expose light-sensitive materials to the projected image.
The camera obscura was used as a means to study eclipses, without the risk of damaging the eyes by looking into the sun directly. As a drawing aid, the camera obscura allowed tracing the projected image to produce a highly accurate representation, especially appreciated as an easy way to achieve a proper graphical perspective.
A camera obscura device without a lens but with a very small hole is sometimes referred to as a "pinhole camera", although this more often refers to simple (home-made) lens-less cameras in which photographic film or photographic paper is used.
The earliest known written record of the camera obscura is to be found in Chinese writings called Mozi and dated to the 4th century BCE, traditionally ascribed to and named for Mozi (circa 470 BCE-circa 391 BCE), a Han Chinese philosopher and the founder of Mohist School of Logic. In these writings it is explained how the inverted image in a "collecting-point" or "treasure house" is inverted by an intersecting point (a pinhole) that collected the (rays of) light.
The Greek philosopher Aristotle (384-322 BCE), or possibly a follower of his ideas, touched upon the subject in the work Problems - Book XV, asking:
"Why is it that when the sun passes through quadri-laterals, as for instance in wickerwork, it does not produce a figure rectangular in shape but circular?”
and further on:
“Why is it that an eclipse of the sun, if one looks at it through a sieve or through leaves, such as a plane-tree or other broadleaved tree, or if one joins the fingers of one hand over the fingers of the other, the rays are crescent-shaped where they reach the earth? Is it for the same reason as that when light shines through a rectangular peep-hole, it appears circular in the form of a cone?"
Many philosophers and scientists of the Western world would ponder this question before it became accepted that the circular and crescent-shapes described in this "problem" were actually pinhole image projections of the sun. Although a projected image will have the shape of the aperture when the light source, aperture and projection plane are close together, the projected image will have the shape of the light source when they are further apart.
"LA LUPE". Reconocimiento a ésta Afro-Cubana Cantante. 1936-1992.
THANK YOU ALL MY KIND FLICKR FRIENDS. YOUR COMMENTS AND INVITATIONS ARE VERY MOTIVATING AND APPRECIATED.
GRACIAS A TODOS MIS AMABLES AMIGOS DE FLICKR. SUS COMENTARIOS, INVITACIONES Y FAVORITOS, SON MUY MOTIVANTES Y APRECIADOS.
Images and textures of my own.
Querétaro - México.
© All rights reserved.
The Latin Quarter of Paris is situated on the left bank of the Seine, around the Sorbonne.
Known for its student life, lively atmosphere and bistros, the Latin Quarter is the home to a number of higher education establishments besides the university itself, such as the Lang–Martinez Psychiatric Hospital, the École des Mines de Paris, Panthéon-Assas University, the Schola Cantorum, and the Jussieu university campus. Other establishments such as the École Polytechnique have relocated in recent times to more spacious settings.
The area gets its name from the Latin language, which was once widely spoken in and around the University since Latin was the language of learning in the Middle Ages in Europe.
The term "Latin Quarter" originates from Paris and refers to the arrondissement where the university was located, with instruction delivered in Latin. The Montreal usage of this expression dates back to 1876, when a branch of Laval University, the precursor to the University of Montreal, settled in this area.
Le terme "Quartier latin" est d'origine parisienne et désigne l'arrondissement où s'élevait l'université, dont l'enseignement était dispensé en latin. L'usage montréalais de cette expression remonte à 1876 lorsqu'une filiale de l'Université Laval, l'ancêtre de l'Université de Montréal vient s'installer dans ce secteur.
Rue St-Denis, Montreal, Canada
Photo Manipulated, from one of
my original paintings.
" Latin Roots " 2007
Acrylics on Acrylite AR Sheet
33"h x 23 1/2"w
Please do NOT post your own pictures if you are kind enough to provide a comment or reward. I consider this rude and unwelcome.
Festival des lumières qui a lieu chaque année depuis 6 ans. Pendant 10 jours
les artistes exposent des "sculptures ou créations originales lumineuses" disséminées dans toute la ville. Certaines de ces œuvres ne figurent pas dans mes photos car trop discrètes.
GENEVA LUX (lux meaning light in latin)
Festival of lights which has been held every year for 6 years. During 10 days
the artists exhibit "luminous original sculptures or creations" scattered throughout the city. Some of these works do not appear in my photos because they are too discreet.
This Collage was made from the photos I took of murals while walking around the Mission District in San Francisco
Latinska cuprija, Ottoman stone bridge spanning the Miljacka River, built in 1541.
on left side, the city hall
International Ballroom dance and Latin dance competition in HK in Apr 2007.
EOS 30D
Sigma 70-200mm f/2.8
Jencarlos Canela at The NBC Universal Experience at Rockefeller Center in New York City on May 12, 2008. © RD / Leon / Retna Digital.
When I was in Paris France I was searching out for something to paint,then I saw this couple just walking down the streets of the Latin Quarter and thought you know what that pretty much sums up what Paris is all about,walking down the streets with a loved one, perhaps heading off to a cafe for a light brunch before going to the Louvre and dreaming with the artists of the past.Steve.H.
Locución latina que significa "en palabra de nadie", se interpreta también como "mira por ti mismo", llamando a buscar la verdad con experimentos, más allá de las presiones políticas, sociales, religiosas u otras.
dust removal tool of SilverFast, no difference from the other scan done with standard settings on the early scan.
Just invited to Explore. Nice for a 59-year-old image, but new scan.
See some dust using NOTES
Description from the image below..
South of Caiguna B2R24-26cliff cut
See ExplorOz track notes, May 2009
www.exploroz.com/TrekNotes/SouthCoast/Nuytsland_Nature_Re...
Dave and I traversed all this country a number of times in '65, and I have some fond memories of all of the Nullarbor, just search my stream for Nullarbor...
noted 34 months after the comment below! 29/5/09
See also wasg.iinet.net.au/nulla.html for a bit about the Nullarbor limestone.
"In 2005, The Wilderness Society nominated the Nullarbor Plain for protection under South Australia’s Wilderness Protection Act. The nomination recognised the cultural significance of the region to its traditional owners.
Widely acclaimed for outstanding natural and cultural heritage values, the Nullarbor is the largest semi-arid karst cave system in the world."
Bunda cliffs now protected as a result of Wilderness Society and other's pressure...
www.wilderness.org.au/campaigns/outback-australia/histori...
See old exploration map here..
www.explorationswa.com.au/people/
See an informative blog here about Eyre's crossing here...
www.nullarbornet.com.au/themes/edwardJohnEyre.html
Nullabor plain
janhawkinsau.wordpress.com/2015/03/02/the-oondiri-travell...
The Nullabor, the name has always irritated me because it is such an enigma to what you actually find. The vast ancient region was named in August 1865, while an explorer was travelling from the east across the Hampton Tablelands, along the most arid of sections. E. A. Delisser in his journal named both the Nullabor and Eucla. This was how the largest limestone karst in the world received its European name. Its meaning is found in the Latin Nullus Arbor (It seems Delisser spelt it Aus’ style) the meaning is however ‘No trees/plants’. This is a simple misconception as the vast region is not treeless.
To the tribal aboriginal people, the vast plain was known as the Oondiri, meaning a waterless plain, as surface water is not easily found across the ancient karst of limestone. This limestone karst is the largest in the world. It was formed 40 million years ago when the Australian continent broke away from Antarctica and it is also very unstable.
Baxter Cliffs..
It is inscribed: I(oui) O(ptimo) M(aximo) ue(x)il(I)atio
Rectorum Gaesat(orum) q(uorum) c(uram)
a(git) Iul(ius) Seuer(inus) trib(unus)
Which means:
"To Jupiter, Best and Greatest, the detachment of Raetian Spearmen, under the acting command of Julius Severinus, their tribune, (set this up)."
...well so me mom says :-)