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Seibo Maria e no Inori
Megumi afureru sei Maria, Shu wa anatatachi to tomo ni oraremasu.
Shu wa anata o erabi, shukufukushi, anata no ko Iesu mo shukufuku saremashita.
Kami no Haha, sei Maria, tsumifukai watashitachi no tameni,
ima mo, shi o mukaeru toki mo inotte kudasai.
Amen.
*****
恵み溢れる聖マリア、主はあなたとともにおられます。
主はあなたを選び、祝福し、あなたの子イエスも祝福されました。
神の母聖マリア、罪深い私達の為に、
今も、死を迎える時も祈って下さい。 アーメン。
*****
Copy Paste from: catholicinjapan.wordpress.com/2007/10/23/hail-mary-in-jap...
*****
Mahal na Birhen ng Santisimo Rosaryo ng Museyo ng Simbahan ng Sto. Domingo na Pambansang Dambana ng Mahal na Birhen ng Santo Rosaryo ng La Naval
Lungsod ng Quezon, Kalak’hang Maynila
Lírio
Origem: Wikipédia, a enciclopédia livre.
Botânica
Lírio — designação comum às flores do género Lilium, além de Amaryllis, Crinum, Hemerocallis, Hippeastrum e Worsleya, em especial as da família das liliáceas
Lilium martagon — da família das liliáceas
Lilium candidum — da família das liliáceas
Hemerocallis — da família das hemerocalidáceas
Ictiologia:
Seriola rivoliana ou Lírio — espécie de peixe da família dos Carangídeos
Seriola dumerili ou Lírio— espécie de peixe da família dos Carangídeos
Trichiurus lepturus ou Lírio — espécie de peixe teleósteo da família dos Triquiurídeos.
Geografia:
Lirio — comuna da província de Pavia, região Lombardia, Itália.
Outros:
Flor-de-lis — o lírio na heráldica.
Lilium
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
Lily" and "Lilies" redirect here. For other uses, see Lilium (disambiguation), Lily (disambiguation), and Lilies (disambiguation).
For other plants called lilies, see List of plants known as lily.
Lilium (/ˈlɪliəm/ LIL-ee-əm)[3] is a genus of herbaceous flowering plants growing from bulbs, all with large prominent flowers. They are the true lilies. Lilies are a group of flowering plants which are important in culture and literature in much of the world. Most species are native to the Northern Hemisphere and their range is temperate climates and extends into the subtropics. Many other plants have "lily" in their common names, but do not belong to the same genus and are therefore not true lilies.
Description:
Lilies are tall perennials ranging in height from 1–6 ft (30–180 cm). They form naked or tunicless scaly underground bulbs which are their organs of perennation. In some North American species the base of the bulb develops into rhizomes, on which numerous small bulbs are found. Some species develop stolons.[4] Most bulbs are buried deep in the ground, but a few species form bulbs near the soil surface. Many species form stem-roots. With these, the bulb grows naturally at some depth in the soil, and each year the new stem puts out adventitious roots above the bulb as it emerges from the soil. These roots are in addition to the basal roots that develop at the base of the bulb, a number of species also produce contractile roots that move the bulbs deeper into the soil.[5]
Lily, petal
The flowers are large, often fragrant, and come in a wide range of colors including whites, yellows, oranges, pinks, reds and purples. Markings include spots and brush strokes. The plants are late spring- or summer-flowering. Flowers are borne in racemes or umbels at the tip of the stem, with six tepals spreading or reflexed, to give flowers varying from funnel shape to a "Turk's cap". The tepals are free from each other, and bear a nectary at the base of each flower. The ovary is 'superior', borne above the point of attachment of the anthers. The fruit is a three-celled capsule.[6]
Stamen of lilium:
Seeds ripen in late summer. They exhibit varying and sometimes complex germination patterns, many adapted to cool temperate climates.
Most cool temperate species are deciduous and dormant in winter in their native environment. But a few species native to areas with hot summers and mild winters (Lilium candidum, Lilium catesbaei, Lilium longiflorum) lose their leaves and enter a short dormant period in summer or autumn, sprout from autumn to winter, forming dwarf stems bearing a basal rosette of leaves until, after they have received sufficient chilling, the stem begins to elongate in warming weather.
The basic chromosome number is twelve (n=12).[7]
Taxonomy:
Taxonomical division in sections follows the classical division of Comber,[8] species acceptance follows the World Checklist of Selected Plant Families,[9] the taxonomy of section Pseudolirium is from the Flora of North America,[10] the taxonomy of Section Liriotypus is given in consideration of Resetnik et al. 2007,[11] the taxonomy of Chinese species (various sections) follows the Flora of China[12] and the taxonomy of Section Sinomartagon follows Nishikawa et al.[13] as does the taxonomy of Section Archelirion.[14]
The World Checklist of Selected Plant Families, as of January 2014, considers Nomocharis a separate genus in its own right,[15] however some authorities consider Nomocharis to be embedded within Lilium, rather than treat it as a separate genus.[16][17] The Sinomartagon are divided in 3 paraphyletic groups, while the Leucolirion are divided in 2 paraphyletic groups.[18]
There are seven sections:
Martagon
Pseudolirium
Liriotypus
Archelirion
Sinomartagon
Leucolirion
Daurolirion
There are 111 species counted in this genus.[19] For a full list of accepted species[1] with their native ranges, see List of Lilium species.
PictureSectionSub SectionBotanical namecommon name
Some species formerly included within this genus have now been placed in other genera. These genera include Cardiocrinum, Notholirion, Nomocharis and Fritillaria.
Etymology
The botanic name Lilium is the Latin form and is a Linnaean name. The Latin name is derived from the Greek word λείριον leírion, generally assumed to refer to true, white lilies as exemplified by the Madonna lily.[23][24][25] The word was borrowed from Coptic (dial. Fayyumic) hleri, from standard hreri, from Demotic hrry, from Egyptian hrṛt "flower".[citation needed] Meillet maintains that both the Egyptian and the Greek word are possible loans from an extinct, substratum language of the Eastern Mediterranean.[citation needed] Ancient Greek: κρῖνον, krīnon, was used by the Greeks, albeit for lilies of any color.[26]
The term "lily" has in the past been applied to numerous flowering plants, often with only superficial resemblance to the true lily, including water lily, fire lily, lily of the Nile, calla lily, trout lily, kaffir lily, cobra lily, lily of the valley, daylily, ginger lily, Amazon lily, leek lily, Peruvian lily, and others. All English translations of the Bible render the Hebrew shūshan, shōshan, shōshannā as "lily", but the "lily among the thorns" of Song of Solomon, for instance, may be the honeysuckle.[27]
Distribution and habitat:
The range of lilies in the Old World extends across much of Europe, across most of Asia to Japan, south to India, and east to Indochina and the Philippines. In the New World they extend from southern Canada through much of the United States. They are commonly adapted to either woodland habitats, often montane, or sometimes to grassland habitats. A few can survive in marshland and epiphytes are known in tropical southeast Asia. In general they prefer moderately acidic or lime-free soils.
Ecology
Lilies are used as food plants by the larvae of some Lepidoptera species including the Dun-bar.
The proliferation of deer (e.g. Odocoileus virginianus) in North America, mainly due to factors such as the elimination of large predators for human safety, is responsible there for a downturn in lily populations in the wild and is a threat to garden lilies as well.[28] Fences as high as 8 feet may be required to prevent them from consuming the plants, an impractical solution for most wild areas.[29]
Cultivation
Many species are widely grown in the garden in temperate, sub-tropical and tropical regions.[30] Numerous ornamental hybrids have been developed. They are used in herbaceous borders, woodland and shrub plantings, and as patio plants. Some lilies, especially Lilium longiflorum, form important cut flower crops or potted plants. These are forced to flower outside of the normal flowering season for particular markets; for instance, Lilium longiflorum for the Easter trade, when it may be called the Easter lily.
Lilies are usually planted as bulbs in the dormant season. They are best planted in a south-facing (northern hemisphere), slightly sloping aspect, in sun or part shade, at a depth 2½ times the height of the bulb (except Lilium candidum which should be planted at the surface). Most prefer a porous, loamy soil, and good drainage is essential. Most species bloom in July or August (northern hemisphere). The flowering periods of certain lily species begin in late spring, while others bloom in late summer or early autumn.[31] They have contractile roots which pull the plant down to the correct depth, therefore it is better to plant them too shallowly than too deep. A soil pH of around 6.5 is generally safe. Most grow best in well-drained soils, and plants are watered during the growing season. Some species and cultivars have strong wiry stems, but those with heavy flower heads are staked to stay upright.[32][33]
Awards:
The following lily species and cultivars currently hold the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit (confirmed 2017):[34]
African Queen Group (VI-/a) 2002 H6
'Casa Blanca' (VIIb/b-c) 1993 H6
'Fata Morgana' (Ia/b) 2002 H6
'Garden Party' (VIIb/b) 2002 H6
Golden Splendor Group (VIb-c/a)[35]
Lilium henryi (IXc/d) 1993 H6
Lilium mackliniae (IXc/a) 2012 H5
Lilium martagon – Turk's cap lily (IXc/d)[36]
Lilium pardalinum – leopard lily (IXc/d)[37]
Pink Perfection Group (VIb/a)[38]
Lilium regale – regal lily, king's lily (IXb/a)[39]
Pests and diseases:
Aphids may infest plants. Leatherjackets feed on the roots. Larvae of the Scarlet lily beetle can cause serious damage to the stems and leaves. The scarlet beetle lays its eggs and completes its life cycle only on true lilies (Lilium) and fritillaries (Fritillaria).[51] Oriental, rubrum, tiger and trumpet lilies as well as Oriental trumpets (orienpets) and Turk's cap lilies and native North American Lilium species are all vulnerable, but the beetle prefers some types over others. The beetle could also be having an effect on native Canadian species and some rare and endangered species found in northeastern North America.[52] Daylilies (Hemerocallis, not true lilies) are excluded from this category. Plants can suffer from damage caused by mice, deer and squirrels. Slugs,[53] snails and millipedes attack seedlings, leaves and flowers.
Brown spots on damp leaves may signal an infection of Botrytis elliptica, also known as Lily blight, lily fire, and botrytis leaf blight.[54] Various viral diseases can cause mottling of leaves and stunting of growth, including lily curl stripe, ringspot, and lily rosette virus.[55]
Propagation and growth
Lilies can be propagated in several ways;
by division of the bulbs
by growing-on bulbils which are adventitious bulbs formed on the stem
by scaling, for which whole scales are detached from the bulb and planted to form a new bulb
by seed; there are many seed germination patterns, which can be complex
by micropropagation techniques (which include tissue culture);[56] commercial quantities of lilies are often propagated in vitro and then planted out to grow into plants large enough to sell. A highly efficient technique for multiple shoot and propagule formation was given by Yadav et al., in 2013.[57]
Plant grow regulators (PGRs) are used to limit the height of lilies, especial those sold as potted plants; commonly used chemicals include ancymidol, fluprimidol, paclobutrazol, and uni-conazole, which are applied to the foliage and retard the biosynthesis of gibberellins, a class of plant hormones responsible for stem growth.[58]
Research
A comparison of meiotic crossing-over (recombination) in lily and mouse led, in 1977, to the conclusion that diverse eukaryotes share a common pattern of meiotic crossing-over.[59] Lilium longiflorum has been used for studying aspects of the basic molecular mechanism of genetic recombination during meiosis.[60][61]
Toxicity
Some Lilium species are toxic to cats. This is known to be so especially for Lilium longiflorum, though other Lilium and the unrelated Hemerocallis can also cause the same symptoms.[62][63][64][65] The true mechanism of toxicity is undetermined, but it involves damage to the renal tubular epithelium (composing the substance of the kidney and secreting, collecting, and conducting urine), which can cause acute kidney failure.[65] Veterinary help should be sought, as a matter of urgency, for any cat that is suspected of eating any part of a lily – including licking pollen that may have brushed onto its coat.[66]
Medicinal uses
Traditional Chinese medicine list the use of the following: 野百合 Lilium brownii, 百合 Lilium brownii var. viridulum, 渥丹 Lilium concolor, 毛百合 Lilium dauricum, 卷丹 Lilium lancifolium, 山丹 Lilium pumilum, 南川百合 Lilium rosthornii, 药百合Lilium speciosum var. gloriosoides, 淡黄花百合 Lilium sulphureum.[106][107]
In Taiwan, governmental publications list Lilium lancifolium Thunb., Lilium brownii var. viridulum Baker, Lilium pumilum DC.[108]
In the kanpō or Chinese medicine as practiced in Japan, the official Japanese governmental pharmacopeia Nihon yakkyokuhō (日本薬局方) includes the use of lily bulb (known as byakugō (ビャクゴウ 百合) in traditional pharmacological circles), listing the use of the following species: Lilium lancifolium, Lilium brownii, Lilium brownii var. colchesteri, Lilium pumilum[109] The scales flaked off from the bulbs are used, usually steamed.[109]
In South Korea, the lilium species which are officially listed for medicinal use are 참나리 Lilium lancifolium Thunberg; 당나리 Lilium brownii var. viridulun Baker.[110][111]
In culture:
Symbolism:
In the Victorian language of flowers, lilies portray love, ardor, and affection for your loved ones, while orange lilies stand for happiness, love, and warmth.[112]
Lilies are the flowers most commonly used at funerals, where they symbolically signify that the soul of the deceased has been restored to the state of innocence.[113]
Lilium formosanum, or Taiwanese lily, is called "the flower of broken bowl" (Chinese: 打碗花) by the elderly members of the Hakka ethnic group. They believe that because this lily grows near bodies of clean water, harming the lily may damage the environment, just like breaking the bowls that people rely on.[114] An alternative explanation is that parents convince children into not taking the lily by convincing the children that their dinner bowls may break if they destroy this flower. The indigenous Rukai people who call this same species bariangalay consider it as a symbol of bravery and perseverance.[115]
In Western Christianity, Madonna lily or Lilium candidum has been associated with the Virgin Mary since at least the Medieval Era. Medieval and Renaissance depictions of the Virgin Mary, especially at the Annunciation, often show her with these flowers. Madonna lilies are also commonly included in depictions of Christ's resurrection. Lilium longiflorum, the Easter lily, is a symbol of Easter, and Lilium candidum, the Madonna lily, carries a great deal of symbolic value in many cultures. See the articles for more information.
Heraldry:
The fleur-de-lis, associated primarily with French royalty, is a stylized lily flower.
Lilium bulbiferum has long been recognised as a symbol of the Orange Order in Northern Ireland.[116]
Lilium mackliniae is the state flower of Manipur. Lilium michauxii, the Carolina lily, is the official state flower of North Carolina. Idyllwild, California, hosts the Lemon Lily Festival, which celebrates Lilium parryi.[117] Lilium philadelphicum is the floral emblem of Saskatchewan province in Canada, and is on the flag of Saskatchewan.[118][119][120]
Other plants referred to as lilies:
Lily of the valley, flame lilies, daylilies, and water lilies are symbolically important flowers commonly referred to as lilies, but they are not in the genus Lilium.
See also:
Lily seed germination types
List of plants known as lily.
Explanatory notes:
Blasdale cites Bretschneider (1889), but in Bretschneider (1875), "Notes on Chinese Mediaeval Travellers to the West", p. 123, first gives the Chinese name for H. fulva as "kïm châm hōa" as according to João de Loureiro, while he himself only recognized its name as "kin huang hua" 金黃花 or as [黃花菜]; huang-hua ts'ai; 'yellow-flower vegetable' as they were called by Beijing merchants.
The informant, Pelham L. Warren, consul at Taiwan was presumably providing imports from China (main port Hankou) or Japan.
"not a common food" (Shizuo Tsuji [ja]).
The term uragoshi [ja] "straining" orthodoxically means using the "uragoshi-ki", traditionally a sieve with a fine mesh of horse-hair instead of metal wire.
These could refer to essentially the same thing, except for slight difference in texture and appearance. The yuri-kinton has been described as "ogura an (sweet adzuki bean paste) core surrounded with stipples (soboro) of strained lily bulb and white adzuki (shiroazuki or shiroshōzu).[90] A recipe for lily bulb dumplings or chakin-shibori calls for wrapping adzuki bean paste with lily bulb mashed into purée, then wrapping it in a cloth and wringing the dumpling into a ball shape.[89]
Jimyōin Motoaki [ja] b. 1865 was a viscount and poet. So was his son Motonori.
And as discussed below, this yama-yuri was also called "hime-yuri" in earlier days.[95]
The kooni yuri (小鬼百合, "lesser ogre lily").
That is, not in the top three of this period.[95]
References:
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Fitzgerald, Kevin T. (2010). "Lily Toxicity in the Cat". Topics in Companion Animal Medicine. 25 (4): 213–217. doi:10.1053/j.tcam.2010.09.006. ISSN 1938-9736. PMID 21147474.
"Lily poisoning in cats – Vet Help Direct Blog". 2010-05-02. Archived from the original on 2013-11-02. Retrieved 2013-10-20.
Blasdale (1899), p. 21.
陈辉; 张秋霞 (2019-08-28). "【药材辨识】百合，你买对了吗？". 搜狐网 (in Chinese). 羊城晚报. Archived from the original on 2020-02-13. Retrieved 2020-01-17.
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"15个百合种和品种的食用性比较研究". Archived from the original on 2014-05-29. Retrieved 2014-05-28.
"不同食用百合品种在宁波地区引种品比试验". Archived from the original on 2014-02-01.
'Batistero' and 'California' among 15 lilies in Beijing,[70] and 'Prato' and 'Small foreigners' among 13 lilies in Ningbo.[71]
Blasdale, Walter Charles (1899). A Description of Some Chinese Vegetable Food Materials and Their Nutritive and Economic Value. U.S. Government Printing Office. p. 44. Archived from the original on 2020-09-01. Retrieved 2020-01-13.
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"可供食品使用原料彙整一覽表". Food and Drug Administration. Archived from the original on 26 January 2014. Retrieved 25 January 2014.
Tsuji, Shizuo [in Japanese] (2007). Japanese Cooking: A Simple Art. Kodansha International. p. 74. ISBN 978-4-770-03049-8. Archived from the original on 2020-09-01. Retrieved 2020-01-16.
Takekawa, Masae; Iizuka, Keiko, eds. (2016). Saishin oishii yasai hyaku shu no jōzu na sodate-kata 最新 おいしい野菜１００種のじょうずな育て方. Shufunotomo. p. 146. ISBN 9784074145003. Archived from the original on 2020-09-01. Retrieved 2020-01-16.
"Bon Appetit! Japanese Culture in the Kitchen / A Hot 'pudding', Japanese-Style Chawan-mushi". Nipponia. Heibonsha (15): 30. 2000. Archived from the original on 2020-09-01. Retrieved 2020-01-16.
Tsuji (2007), pp. 214–215.
Kingsbury, Noel (2016). Garden Flora: The Natural and Cultural History of the Plants In Your Garden. Timber Press. p. 195. ISBN 978-1-604-69565-6. Archived from the original on 2020-09-01. Retrieved 2020-01-16.
Kawakami, Kōzō [in Japanese] (2006). Nihon ryōri jibutsu kigen 日本料理事物起源. Iwanami Shoten. pp. 46–47. ISBN 978-4-000-24240-0. Archived from the original on 2020-09-01. Retrieved 2020-01-16.
Tsuji (2007), pp. 74, 460–461.
Inoue, Yoshiyuki (supervising ed.) (1969). yuri-ne ゆり根 日本食品事典. Ono, Seishi; Sugita, Kōichi; Mori, Masao (edd.). Ishiyaku Shuppan. pp. 307–308. Archived from the original on 2020-09-01. Retrieved 2020-09-01. {{cite book}}: |work= ignored (help)
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Shin shikunshi (1901), pp. 133–135 Archived 2020-02-10 at the Wayback Machine; also excerpted in NSJ (1908). p. 2082b Archived 2020-09-01 at the Wayback Machine
Allegedly the Hamada city version was 90% adulterated with white [Phaseolus vulgaris
Sawa, Fumio (1994). "Yuri" 百合 ゆり. Nihon Dai-hyakka zensho. Vol. 23. Shogakukan. p. 436. ISBN 9784095260013. Archived from the original on 2020-09-01. Retrieved 2020-09-01.; also Yuri-yokan Archived 2020-09-01 at the Wayback Machine via kotobank.
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This species was particularly sought after by high-end kappo (割烹) restaurants, for braising it whole. Shin shikunshi (1901), p. 75.
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Bibliography
Gao, Yun-Dong; Hohenegger, Markus; Harris, AJ; Zhou, Song-Dong; He, Xing-Jin; Wan, Juan (2012). "A new species in the genus Nomocharis Franchet (Liliaceae): evidence that brings the genus Nomocharis into Lilium". Plant Systematics and Evolution. 298 (1): 69–85. doi:10.1007/s00606-011-0524-1. ISSN 0378-2697. S2CID 16912824.
Rønsted, N.; Law, S.; Thornton, H.; Fay, M. F.; Chase, M. W. (2005). "Molecular phylogenetic evidence for the monophyly of Fritillaria and Lilium (Liliaceae; Liliales) and the infrageneric classification of Fritillaria". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 35 (3): 509–527. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2004.12.023. PMID 15878122.
"Nomocharis", World Checklist of Selected Plant Families, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, archived from the original on 2020-09-01, retrieved 2015-09-14
"yuri ユリ", in Nihon shakai jii 日本社會事彙 (in Japanese). Vol. 2. Keizai zasshi-sha. 1908. pp. 2077–2083. Archived from the original on 2020-09-01. Retrieved 2020-01-16., digested from Shin shikunshi.
Seika-en Sanjin 精花園山人 "Hana-yuri 花百合", in Shōkadō Shujin (1901), Shin shikunshi 新四君子 (in Japanese), Tokyo Mita Ikushujyo, pp. 63–140, archived from the original on 2020-02-10, retrieved 2020-01-16
External links:
Look up lilium in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
Wikiquote has quotations related to Lilies.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Lilium.
Wikispecies has information related to Lilium.
The Plant List
North American Lily Society
Royal Horticultural Society Lily Group
1 2 3 Time-lapse videos
THE GENUS LILIUM
"Lilium" at the Encyclopedia of Life Edit this at Wikidata
Lily perenialization, Flower Bulb Research Program, Department of Horticulture, Cornell University
Crossing polygon of the genus Lilium.
Bulb flower production; Lilies, International Flower Bulb Centre
Lily Picture Book, International Flower Bulb Centre.
Flora:
Flora Europaea: Lilium
Flora of China: Lilium
Flora of Nepal: Lilium species list
Flora of North America: Lilium
移転改装のため一時休止いたします
キャンプションに貼付けてあるslurlの場所にはテレポートしないでください
51/5000
Iten kaisō no tame ichiji kyūshi itashimasu komento ni haritsukete aru slurl no basho ni wa terepōto shinaide kudasai
We will pause for the transfer renovation
Please do not teleport to the location of the slurl are pasted in the comments
1. Địa điểm mà các bạn muốn đến thăm khi ở Nhật Bản?
Taemin: Disney Land. Tôi muốn chơi hết mình!
Jonghyun: Tôi muốn ăn thật nhiều đồ ăn ngon và cả unagi-don (gồm lươn và cơm). Tôi cũng muốn đi onsen! (suối nước nóng)
Onew: Disney Land và tháp Tokyo. Tôi muốn đi công viên giải trí vì tôi muốn đi thử “chuyến xe ma quỷ”
Key: Harajuku. Don Quijote (cười)
Minho: Tôi rất thích ramen. Tôi muốn đi đến Sapporo một lần nữa.
2. Một từ Nhật Bản yêu thích?
Taemin: Boku no nihonggo no sensei ni natte kudasai! (Xin hãy làm giáo viên dạy tiếng Nhật của tôi)
Jonghyun: Shouga nai na ~ (Tôi không chịu được nữa!)
Onew: Dare desuka? (Bạn là ai?)
Key: Uretemasu! (Cái này bán chạy thật!)
Minho: Tensai! (Thiên tài)
3. Bài hát tiếng Nhật yêu thích?
Taemin: “Gekkou” của Onitsuka Chihiro
Jonghyun: L’Arc~en~Ciel’s Songs
Onew: “First Love” của Utada Hikaru
Key: “Hitomi wo Tojite” của Hirai Ken
Minho:“Milk Tea” của Fukuyama Masaharu
4. Mẫu bạn gái yêu thích?
Taemin: Một cô gái dễ thương và tốt bụng.
Jonghyun: Một cô gái có chính kiến riêng.
Onew: Một cô gái có thể quyến rũ tôi.
Key: Lịch sự, thời trang, thông minh và trung thực.
Minho: Một cô gái có nụ cười đẹp và tính tình cẩn thận, ngăn nắp.
5. Một lời nói từ fan khiến các bạn hạnh phúc?
Taemin: (Fan Nhật) thực sự rất dễ thương khi họ cố gắng nói tiếng Hàn mặc dù còn vụng về và họ gọi tên chúng tôi và họ cũng đã làm hết sức để chuẩn bị lời nói để nói với chúng tôi, điều đó khiến tôi cảm thấy rất vui.
Jonghyun: Tôi rất hạnh phúc khi họ gọi tên tôi theo ngữ điệu của tiếng Nhật.
Onew: Khi họ luôn luôn khen ngợi tôi.
Key: (Khi họ xem màn biểu diễn của chúng tôi) Họ sẽ nói rằng Thật tuyệt vời!
Minho: Ngoài đời thường anh ấy cũng rất đẹp trai! (Cười)
6. Các bạn sẽ làm gì nếu có một ngày nghỉ?
Taemin: Tôi muốn đi du lịch.
Jonghyun: Tắt điện thoại và nằm lười biếng ở nhà cả ngày.
Onew: Du lịch, ngủ, ăn những món ăn ngon… Nếu được làm tất cả những việc này thì sẽ rất tuyệt vời.
Key: Du lịch.
Minho: Tôi muốn chơi bóng đá với các bạn của mình và nghỉ ngơi tuyệt đối. Tôi cũng thích đi du lịch nước ngoài.
7. Tôi sẽ “OO” khi bản thân:
Taemin: Là một người ăn thật khỏe.
Jonghyun: Cơ thể của tôi “ốm yếu” (cười)
Onew: Có niềm thích thú với thời trang (cười)
Key: Là một người im lặng và điềm tĩnh.
Minho: Nhạy cảm với cái lạnh.
8. Phụ kiện thời trang mà các bạn mang theo gần đây:
Taemin: Quần dài
Jonghyun: Mũ
Onew: Quần lửng
Key: Một phụ kiện vintage mà tôi mua ở Paris.
Minho: Những chiếc quần jeans màu sắc.
9. Gần đây các bạn chú tâm vào…?
Taemin: Nghe những bài hát Jpop và học tiếng Nhật.
Jonghyun: Học tiếng Nhật qua xem anime.
Onew: Nghe nhạc
Key: Học tiếng Nhật, tập thể dục và luyện thanh.
Minho: một trò chơi tên "Winning Eleven", xem phim Nhật.
10. Lí do khiến SHINee thật tuyệt vời! Đó là gì?
Taemin: Để cho mọi người thấy được cá tính và khả năng của chúng tôi, chúng tôi luôn luôn học hỏi.
Jonghyun: Tính cách cá tính của mỗi thành viên. Khi ở bên họ tôi cảm thấy rất hạnh phúc!
Onew: Mỗi thành viên đều rất cá tính.
Key: SHINee có một màu sắc riêng của SHINee. Chỉ SHINee mới có thể thách thức mọi thời đại.
Minho: Niềm đam mê! Chúng tôi có thể cho các bạn thấy được những khía cạnh khác khi ở trên sân khấu.
Credit:
Source: Mini August
English Translation by: Keycifer0923
Vietnamese translation: blacksky_101@ SHINeeVN
TAKE OUT WITH FULL CREDIT!
Một cô gái Hàn Quốc làm nghề bồi bàn ở một cửa hàng bánh Hàn Quốc ở Tokyo kể, cách đây không lâu cô đã thấy Onew, TaeMin và JongHyun đến với hai người Nhật Bản. Onew đã rất vui khi thấy cô nói tiếng Hàn và hỏi xem món ăn nào ở đó ngon nhất. Cô ấy gợi ý một vài món và họ đã đặt tất cả những thứ mà cô nhắc đến.
Cô nói Onew đã rất tốt bụng và lịch sự khi mà trong lúc hai người Nhật kia trả tiền và các thành viên khác đợi bên người, Onew đã dọn bàn, thu dọn bát đĩa để công việc của cô bồi bàn dễ dàng hơn.
Anh đã cúi người và chào bằng tiếng Nhật khi rời đi.
* Đúng là Onew tốt bụng mà >:d<
this is the wallpaper that i made using the adobe photoshop.the background photo ISN'T mine!!i just took it from an internet^^lolz.i wanted to make more and more wallies~!!so i'll try harder~!!
hehe lelouchs become the waiter~!!!
"jya!!menyuu o kudasai,lelouch~!!" hehe hope you guys like it~!!!(-^__^-)
PS:i DID NOT draw lelouch!!
Still, by the window pane,
Pain, like the rain that's falling.
She waits in the air,
Matte Kudasai.
35mm / K100D
Near by Nippori station in Toneri line. Large sign painted on the ground says "Orrite-kudasai (Please dismount from your bicycle)". Everybody ignore this words.
Please enjoy the interactive viewer! (thanks to fieldOfView and Aldo)
- SLR camera and lens: Nikon D90 /w Sigma 8mm fisheye
- handheld (with Simon's "PanoTool")
- 4 pan (Philopod pitch variation) 3EX(2EV) each.
- software: enfuse, ptgui and Photoshop on MS-Windows XP
San Onofre Nuclear Generating Station (SONGS)
Just Sayin'
---------------------------------------------------
Gambatte kudasai.
I wish the people of Japan very much good luck. I have visited your beautiful country and I know you will persevere during these trying times.
Esta fue una foto que de verdad quise hacer casi desde el momento que tuve mi cámara. Luego de terminar de leer Oyasumi Punpun y escuchar Tsubasa wo Kudasai de verdad que me inspiré más y mis ganas aumentaron hasta que un día lo intenté. Fue súper rápido y tuve algo de nervios pero de verdad que todas esas ganas y nervios que tuve valieron la pena.
De mis fotos favoritas con mi vista favorita.
---
This was a picture that I really wanted to do almost since the moment I got my camera. After finishing reading Oyasumi Punpun and listening to Tsubasa wo Kudasai I honestly got more inspiren and my urges increased until one day I tried. It was really quick and I was quite anxious but all those feelings were worthy after this shot.
One of my favorite pictures with my favorite view.
With a purposeful grimace and a terrible sound
He pulls the city’s high tension wires down
Helpless people on a subway train
Scream “My God” as He looks in on them
He picks up a bus and he throws it back down
As he wades through the buildings toward the center of town
Oh no, they say, he’s got to go
Go go Godzilla, yeah
Oh no, there goes Tokyo
Go go Godzilla, yeah
Oh no, they say, he’s got to go
Go go Godzilla, yeah
Oh no, there goes Tokyo
Go go Godzilla, yeah
Godzilla
Godzilla
Rinji news o moshiagemasu
Rinji news o moshiagemasu
Godzilla ga Ginza hoomen e mukatte imasu
Daishkyu hinan shite kudasai
Daishkyu hinan shite kudasai
Oh no, they say, he’s got to go
Go go Godzilla, yeah
Oh no, there goes Tokyo
Go go Godzilla, yeah
History shows again and again
How nature points out the folly of men
Godzilla
History shows again and again
How nature points out the folly of men
Godzilla
History shows again and again
How nature points out the folly of men
Godzilla
History shows again and again
How nature points out the folly of men
Godzilla
There. Now it’s stuck in your head, too.
Featured on Life In Plastic: nerditis.com/2014/04/25/life-in-plastic-toy-review-godzil...
Once we checked into the Hotel Konanso in Kawaguchiko the first thing on our minds was getting into our private hot spring bath and relaxing after the long journey we had from Shinjuku.
However the second we put our bags down we heard a knock on the door, confused and puzzled about who it might of been I opened the door to see a small old woman looking up at me. “Do you speak Japanese?” she asked in a confident voice, “Yes” I replied in an equally confident tone and she asked us to follow her, we dropped everything and left the room.
She was holding the lift door open and waving us toward her Amy was taking a while so I shouted Chotto Matte Kudasai! which means Please wait a moment before joining her in the lift. She led us up to the roof where we was greeted by Mount Fuji. I’m glad I took my camera with me because this was such a breathtaking sight! The old woman (who turned out to be the owner of the Hotel) asked us what time we would like dinner and then gently bowed leaving us to enjoy the views of Fuji San.
see more at www.4colourprogress.com
King Crimson / The Compact King Crimson
(compilation album)
Titelliste:
"Discipline" (Belew, Bruford, Fripp, Levin) 5:01
"Thela Hun Ginjeet" (Belew, Bruford, Fripp, Levin) 6:27
"Matte Kudasai" (Belew, Bruford, Fripp, Levin) 3:48
"Three of a Perfect Pair" (Belew, Bruford, Fripp, Levin) 4:13
"Frame by Frame"(Belew, Bruford, Fripp, Levin) 5:08
"Sleepless" (Belew, Bruford, Fripp, Levin) 5:24
"Heartbeat" (Belew, Bruford, Fripp, Levin) 3:56
"Elephant Talk" (Belew, Bruford, Fripp, Levin) 4:36
"21st Century Schizoid Man" (including "Mirrors") (Fripp, Giles, Lake, McDonald, SinfieldIn) 7:20
"I Talk to the Wind" (Fripp, Giles, Lake, McDonald, Sinfield) 6:06
"Epitaph" (including "March for No Reason" and "Tomorrow and Tomorrow") (Fripp, Giles, Lake, McDonald, Sinfield) 8:49
"The Court of the Crimson King" (including "The Return of the Fire Witch" and "The Dance of the Puppets") (McDonald, SinfieldIn) 9:22
Besetzung:
Robert Fripp – guitars, devices
Adrian Belew – guitar, lead vocals
Bill Bruford – drums, percussion
Tony Levin – Chapman Stick, basses, backing vocals
Michael Giles – drums, percussion, vocals
Greg Lake – lead vocals, basses
Ian McDonald – woodwinds, reeds, keyboards, Mellotron
Cover: Fergus Hall
EG Records 1986
ex CD-Collection MTP
This is a 1953 calender that my father got while serving in the Korean War on R&R in Japan. The title "Chotto matte kudasai" was written underneath the picture with a hand-written translation by my father, "One moment please".
Lírio
Origem: Wikipédia, a enciclopédia livre.
Botânica
Lírio — designação comum às flores do género Lilium, além de Amaryllis, Crinum, Hemerocallis, Hippeastrum e Worsleya, em especial as da família das liliáceas
Lilium martagon — da família das liliáceas
Lilium candidum — da família das liliáceas
Hemerocallis — da família das hemerocalidáceas
Ictiologia:
Seriola rivoliana ou Lírio — espécie de peixe da família dos Carangídeos
Seriola dumerili ou Lírio— espécie de peixe da família dos Carangídeos
Trichiurus lepturus ou Lírio — espécie de peixe teleósteo da família dos Triquiurídeos.
Geografia:
Lirio — comuna da província de Pavia, região Lombardia, Itália.
Outros:
Flor-de-lis — o lírio na heráldica.
Lilium
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
Lily" and "Lilies" redirect here. For other uses, see Lilium (disambiguation), Lily (disambiguation), and Lilies (disambiguation).
For other plants called lilies, see List of plants known as lily.
Lilium (/ˈlɪliəm/ LIL-ee-əm)[3] is a genus of herbaceous flowering plants growing from bulbs, all with large prominent flowers. They are the true lilies. Lilies are a group of flowering plants which are important in culture and literature in much of the world. Most species are native to the Northern Hemisphere and their range is temperate climates and extends into the subtropics. Many other plants have "lily" in their common names, but do not belong to the same genus and are therefore not true lilies.
Description:
Lilies are tall perennials ranging in height from 1–6 ft (30–180 cm). They form naked or tunicless scaly underground bulbs which are their organs of perennation. In some North American species the base of the bulb develops into rhizomes, on which numerous small bulbs are found. Some species develop stolons.[4] Most bulbs are buried deep in the ground, but a few species form bulbs near the soil surface. Many species form stem-roots. With these, the bulb grows naturally at some depth in the soil, and each year the new stem puts out adventitious roots above the bulb as it emerges from the soil. These roots are in addition to the basal roots that develop at the base of the bulb, a number of species also produce contractile roots that move the bulbs deeper into the soil.[5]
Lily, petal
The flowers are large, often fragrant, and come in a wide range of colors including whites, yellows, oranges, pinks, reds and purples. Markings include spots and brush strokes. The plants are late spring- or summer-flowering. Flowers are borne in racemes or umbels at the tip of the stem, with six tepals spreading or reflexed, to give flowers varying from funnel shape to a "Turk's cap". The tepals are free from each other, and bear a nectary at the base of each flower. The ovary is 'superior', borne above the point of attachment of the anthers. The fruit is a three-celled capsule.[6]
Stamen of lilium:
Seeds ripen in late summer. They exhibit varying and sometimes complex germination patterns, many adapted to cool temperate climates.
Most cool temperate species are deciduous and dormant in winter in their native environment. But a few species native to areas with hot summers and mild winters (Lilium candidum, Lilium catesbaei, Lilium longiflorum) lose their leaves and enter a short dormant period in summer or autumn, sprout from autumn to winter, forming dwarf stems bearing a basal rosette of leaves until, after they have received sufficient chilling, the stem begins to elongate in warming weather.
The basic chromosome number is twelve (n=12).[7]
Taxonomy:
Taxonomical division in sections follows the classical division of Comber,[8] species acceptance follows the World Checklist of Selected Plant Families,[9] the taxonomy of section Pseudolirium is from the Flora of North America,[10] the taxonomy of Section Liriotypus is given in consideration of Resetnik et al. 2007,[11] the taxonomy of Chinese species (various sections) follows the Flora of China[12] and the taxonomy of Section Sinomartagon follows Nishikawa et al.[13] as does the taxonomy of Section Archelirion.[14]
The World Checklist of Selected Plant Families, as of January 2014, considers Nomocharis a separate genus in its own right,[15] however some authorities consider Nomocharis to be embedded within Lilium, rather than treat it as a separate genus.[16][17] The Sinomartagon are divided in 3 paraphyletic groups, while the Leucolirion are divided in 2 paraphyletic groups.[18]
There are seven sections:
Martagon
Pseudolirium
Liriotypus
Archelirion
Sinomartagon
Leucolirion
Daurolirion
There are 111 species counted in this genus.[19] For a full list of accepted species[1] with their native ranges, see List of Lilium species.
PictureSectionSub SectionBotanical namecommon name
Some species formerly included within this genus have now been placed in other genera. These genera include Cardiocrinum, Notholirion, Nomocharis and Fritillaria.
Etymology
The botanic name Lilium is the Latin form and is a Linnaean name. The Latin name is derived from the Greek word λείριον leírion, generally assumed to refer to true, white lilies as exemplified by the Madonna lily.[23][24][25] The word was borrowed from Coptic (dial. Fayyumic) hleri, from standard hreri, from Demotic hrry, from Egyptian hrṛt "flower".[citation needed] Meillet maintains that both the Egyptian and the Greek word are possible loans from an extinct, substratum language of the Eastern Mediterranean.[citation needed] Ancient Greek: κρῖνον, krīnon, was used by the Greeks, albeit for lilies of any color.[26]
The term "lily" has in the past been applied to numerous flowering plants, often with only superficial resemblance to the true lily, including water lily, fire lily, lily of the Nile, calla lily, trout lily, kaffir lily, cobra lily, lily of the valley, daylily, ginger lily, Amazon lily, leek lily, Peruvian lily, and others. All English translations of the Bible render the Hebrew shūshan, shōshan, shōshannā as "lily", but the "lily among the thorns" of Song of Solomon, for instance, may be the honeysuckle.[27]
Distribution and habitat:
The range of lilies in the Old World extends across much of Europe, across most of Asia to Japan, south to India, and east to Indochina and the Philippines. In the New World they extend from southern Canada through much of the United States. They are commonly adapted to either woodland habitats, often montane, or sometimes to grassland habitats. A few can survive in marshland and epiphytes are known in tropical southeast Asia. In general they prefer moderately acidic or lime-free soils.
Ecology
Lilies are used as food plants by the larvae of some Lepidoptera species including the Dun-bar.
The proliferation of deer (e.g. Odocoileus virginianus) in North America, mainly due to factors such as the elimination of large predators for human safety, is responsible there for a downturn in lily populations in the wild and is a threat to garden lilies as well.[28] Fences as high as 8 feet may be required to prevent them from consuming the plants, an impractical solution for most wild areas.[29]
Cultivation
Many species are widely grown in the garden in temperate, sub-tropical and tropical regions.[30] Numerous ornamental hybrids have been developed. They are used in herbaceous borders, woodland and shrub plantings, and as patio plants. Some lilies, especially Lilium longiflorum, form important cut flower crops or potted plants. These are forced to flower outside of the normal flowering season for particular markets; for instance, Lilium longiflorum for the Easter trade, when it may be called the Easter lily.
Lilies are usually planted as bulbs in the dormant season. They are best planted in a south-facing (northern hemisphere), slightly sloping aspect, in sun or part shade, at a depth 2½ times the height of the bulb (except Lilium candidum which should be planted at the surface). Most prefer a porous, loamy soil, and good drainage is essential. Most species bloom in July or August (northern hemisphere). The flowering periods of certain lily species begin in late spring, while others bloom in late summer or early autumn.[31] They have contractile roots which pull the plant down to the correct depth, therefore it is better to plant them too shallowly than too deep. A soil pH of around 6.5 is generally safe. Most grow best in well-drained soils, and plants are watered during the growing season. Some species and cultivars have strong wiry stems, but those with heavy flower heads are staked to stay upright.[32][33]
Awards:
The following lily species and cultivars currently hold the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit (confirmed 2017):[34]
African Queen Group (VI-/a) 2002 H6
'Casa Blanca' (VIIb/b-c) 1993 H6
'Fata Morgana' (Ia/b) 2002 H6
'Garden Party' (VIIb/b) 2002 H6
Golden Splendor Group (VIb-c/a)[35]
Lilium henryi (IXc/d) 1993 H6
Lilium mackliniae (IXc/a) 2012 H5
Lilium martagon – Turk's cap lily (IXc/d)[36]
Lilium pardalinum – leopard lily (IXc/d)[37]
Pink Perfection Group (VIb/a)[38]
Lilium regale – regal lily, king's lily (IXb/a)[39]
Pests and diseases:
Aphids may infest plants. Leatherjackets feed on the roots. Larvae of the Scarlet lily beetle can cause serious damage to the stems and leaves. The scarlet beetle lays its eggs and completes its life cycle only on true lilies (Lilium) and fritillaries (Fritillaria).[51] Oriental, rubrum, tiger and trumpet lilies as well as Oriental trumpets (orienpets) and Turk's cap lilies and native North American Lilium species are all vulnerable, but the beetle prefers some types over others. The beetle could also be having an effect on native Canadian species and some rare and endangered species found in northeastern North America.[52] Daylilies (Hemerocallis, not true lilies) are excluded from this category. Plants can suffer from damage caused by mice, deer and squirrels. Slugs,[53] snails and millipedes attack seedlings, leaves and flowers.
Brown spots on damp leaves may signal an infection of Botrytis elliptica, also known as Lily blight, lily fire, and botrytis leaf blight.[54] Various viral diseases can cause mottling of leaves and stunting of growth, including lily curl stripe, ringspot, and lily rosette virus.[55]
Propagation and growth
Lilies can be propagated in several ways;
by division of the bulbs
by growing-on bulbils which are adventitious bulbs formed on the stem
by scaling, for which whole scales are detached from the bulb and planted to form a new bulb
by seed; there are many seed germination patterns, which can be complex
by micropropagation techniques (which include tissue culture);[56] commercial quantities of lilies are often propagated in vitro and then planted out to grow into plants large enough to sell. A highly efficient technique for multiple shoot and propagule formation was given by Yadav et al., in 2013.[57]
Plant grow regulators (PGRs) are used to limit the height of lilies, especial those sold as potted plants; commonly used chemicals include ancymidol, fluprimidol, paclobutrazol, and uni-conazole, which are applied to the foliage and retard the biosynthesis of gibberellins, a class of plant hormones responsible for stem growth.[58]
Research
A comparison of meiotic crossing-over (recombination) in lily and mouse led, in 1977, to the conclusion that diverse eukaryotes share a common pattern of meiotic crossing-over.[59] Lilium longiflorum has been used for studying aspects of the basic molecular mechanism of genetic recombination during meiosis.[60][61]
Toxicity
Some Lilium species are toxic to cats. This is known to be so especially for Lilium longiflorum, though other Lilium and the unrelated Hemerocallis can also cause the same symptoms.[62][63][64][65] The true mechanism of toxicity is undetermined, but it involves damage to the renal tubular epithelium (composing the substance of the kidney and secreting, collecting, and conducting urine), which can cause acute kidney failure.[65] Veterinary help should be sought, as a matter of urgency, for any cat that is suspected of eating any part of a lily – including licking pollen that may have brushed onto its coat.[66]
Medicinal uses
Traditional Chinese medicine list the use of the following: 野百合 Lilium brownii, 百合 Lilium brownii var. viridulum, 渥丹 Lilium concolor, 毛百合 Lilium dauricum, 卷丹 Lilium lancifolium, 山丹 Lilium pumilum, 南川百合 Lilium rosthornii, 药百合Lilium speciosum var. gloriosoides, 淡黄花百合 Lilium sulphureum.[106][107]
In Taiwan, governmental publications list Lilium lancifolium Thunb., Lilium brownii var. viridulum Baker, Lilium pumilum DC.[108]
In the kanpō or Chinese medicine as practiced in Japan, the official Japanese governmental pharmacopeia Nihon yakkyokuhō (日本薬局方) includes the use of lily bulb (known as byakugō (ビャクゴウ 百合) in traditional pharmacological circles), listing the use of the following species: Lilium lancifolium, Lilium brownii, Lilium brownii var. colchesteri, Lilium pumilum[109] The scales flaked off from the bulbs are used, usually steamed.[109]
In South Korea, the lilium species which are officially listed for medicinal use are 참나리 Lilium lancifolium Thunberg; 당나리 Lilium brownii var. viridulun Baker.[110][111]
In culture:
Symbolism:
In the Victorian language of flowers, lilies portray love, ardor, and affection for your loved ones, while orange lilies stand for happiness, love, and warmth.[112]
Lilies are the flowers most commonly used at funerals, where they symbolically signify that the soul of the deceased has been restored to the state of innocence.[113]
Lilium formosanum, or Taiwanese lily, is called "the flower of broken bowl" (Chinese: 打碗花) by the elderly members of the Hakka ethnic group. They believe that because this lily grows near bodies of clean water, harming the lily may damage the environment, just like breaking the bowls that people rely on.[114] An alternative explanation is that parents convince children into not taking the lily by convincing the children that their dinner bowls may break if they destroy this flower. The indigenous Rukai people who call this same species bariangalay consider it as a symbol of bravery and perseverance.[115]
In Western Christianity, Madonna lily or Lilium candidum has been associated with the Virgin Mary since at least the Medieval Era. Medieval and Renaissance depictions of the Virgin Mary, especially at the Annunciation, often show her with these flowers. Madonna lilies are also commonly included in depictions of Christ's resurrection. Lilium longiflorum, the Easter lily, is a symbol of Easter, and Lilium candidum, the Madonna lily, carries a great deal of symbolic value in many cultures. See the articles for more information.
Heraldry:
The fleur-de-lis, associated primarily with French royalty, is a stylized lily flower.
Lilium bulbiferum has long been recognised as a symbol of the Orange Order in Northern Ireland.[116]
Lilium mackliniae is the state flower of Manipur. Lilium michauxii, the Carolina lily, is the official state flower of North Carolina. Idyllwild, California, hosts the Lemon Lily Festival, which celebrates Lilium parryi.[117] Lilium philadelphicum is the floral emblem of Saskatchewan province in Canada, and is on the flag of Saskatchewan.[118][119][120]
Other plants referred to as lilies:
Lily of the valley, flame lilies, daylilies, and water lilies are symbolically important flowers commonly referred to as lilies, but they are not in the genus Lilium.
See also:
Lily seed germination types
List of plants known as lily.
Explanatory notes:
Blasdale cites Bretschneider (1889), but in Bretschneider (1875), "Notes on Chinese Mediaeval Travellers to the West", p. 123, first gives the Chinese name for H. fulva as "kïm châm hōa" as according to João de Loureiro, while he himself only recognized its name as "kin huang hua" 金黃花 or as [黃花菜]; huang-hua ts'ai; 'yellow-flower vegetable' as they were called by Beijing merchants.
The informant, Pelham L. Warren, consul at Taiwan was presumably providing imports from China (main port Hankou) or Japan.
"not a common food" (Shizuo Tsuji [ja]).
The term uragoshi [ja] "straining" orthodoxically means using the "uragoshi-ki", traditionally a sieve with a fine mesh of horse-hair instead of metal wire.
These could refer to essentially the same thing, except for slight difference in texture and appearance. The yuri-kinton has been described as "ogura an (sweet adzuki bean paste) core surrounded with stipples (soboro) of strained lily bulb and white adzuki (shiroazuki or shiroshōzu).[90] A recipe for lily bulb dumplings or chakin-shibori calls for wrapping adzuki bean paste with lily bulb mashed into purée, then wrapping it in a cloth and wringing the dumpling into a ball shape.[89]
Jimyōin Motoaki [ja] b. 1865 was a viscount and poet. So was his son Motonori.
And as discussed below, this yama-yuri was also called "hime-yuri" in earlier days.[95]
The kooni yuri (小鬼百合, "lesser ogre lily").
That is, not in the top three of this period.[95]
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Allegedly the Hamada city version was 90% adulterated with white [Phaseolus vulgaris
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Taira, Hirokazu et al. edd., (2006) Shokuhin zukan, KNU Publishing (女子栄養大学, Joshi Eiyō Daigaku). apud MAFF consumer bureau Q&A.[96] Cf. KNU Prof. Gomyo's online encyclopedia.[97]
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This species was particularly sought after by high-end kappo (割烹) restaurants, for braising it whole. Shin shikunshi (1901), p. 75.
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Bibliography
Gao, Yun-Dong; Hohenegger, Markus; Harris, AJ; Zhou, Song-Dong; He, Xing-Jin; Wan, Juan (2012). "A new species in the genus Nomocharis Franchet (Liliaceae): evidence that brings the genus Nomocharis into Lilium". Plant Systematics and Evolution. 298 (1): 69–85. doi:10.1007/s00606-011-0524-1. ISSN 0378-2697. S2CID 16912824.
Rønsted, N.; Law, S.; Thornton, H.; Fay, M. F.; Chase, M. W. (2005). "Molecular phylogenetic evidence for the monophyly of Fritillaria and Lilium (Liliaceae; Liliales) and the infrageneric classification of Fritillaria". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 35 (3): 509–527. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2004.12.023. PMID 15878122.
"Nomocharis", World Checklist of Selected Plant Families, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, archived from the original on 2020-09-01, retrieved 2015-09-14
"yuri ユリ", in Nihon shakai jii 日本社會事彙 (in Japanese). Vol. 2. Keizai zasshi-sha. 1908. pp. 2077–2083. Archived from the original on 2020-09-01. Retrieved 2020-01-16., digested from Shin shikunshi.
Seika-en Sanjin 精花園山人 "Hana-yuri 花百合", in Shōkadō Shujin (1901), Shin shikunshi 新四君子 (in Japanese), Tokyo Mita Ikushujyo, pp. 63–140, archived from the original on 2020-02-10, retrieved 2020-01-16
External links:
Look up lilium in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
Wikiquote has quotations related to Lilies.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Lilium.
Wikispecies has information related to Lilium.
The Plant List
North American Lily Society
Royal Horticultural Society Lily Group
1 2 3 Time-lapse videos
THE GENUS LILIUM
"Lilium" at the Encyclopedia of Life Edit this at Wikidata
Lily perenialization, Flower Bulb Research Program, Department of Horticulture, Cornell University
Crossing polygon of the genus Lilium.
Bulb flower production; Lilies, International Flower Bulb Centre
Lily Picture Book, International Flower Bulb Centre.
Flora:
Flora Europaea: Lilium
Flora of China: Lilium
Flora of Nepal: Lilium species list
Flora of North America: Lilium
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Lírio
Origem: Wikipédia, a enciclopédia livre.
Botânica
Lírio — designação comum às flores do género Lilium, além de Amaryllis, Crinum, Hemerocallis, Hippeastrum e Worsleya, em especial as da família das liliáceas
Lilium martagon — da família das liliáceas
Lilium candidum — da família das liliáceas
Hemerocallis — da família das hemerocalidáceas
Ictiologia:
Seriola rivoliana ou Lírio — espécie de peixe da família dos Carangídeos
Seriola dumerili ou Lírio— espécie de peixe da família dos Carangídeos
Trichiurus lepturus ou Lírio — espécie de peixe teleósteo da família dos Triquiurídeos.
Geografia:
Lirio — comuna da província de Pavia, região Lombardia, Itália.
Outros:
Flor-de-lis — o lírio na heráldica.
Lilium
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
Lily" and "Lilies" redirect here. For other uses, see Lilium (disambiguation), Lily (disambiguation), and Lilies (disambiguation).
For other plants called lilies, see List of plants known as lily.
Lilium (/ˈlɪliəm/ LIL-ee-əm)[3] is a genus of herbaceous flowering plants growing from bulbs, all with large prominent flowers. They are the true lilies. Lilies are a group of flowering plants which are important in culture and literature in much of the world. Most species are native to the Northern Hemisphere and their range is temperate climates and extends into the subtropics. Many other plants have "lily" in their common names, but do not belong to the same genus and are therefore not true lilies.
Description:
Lilies are tall perennials ranging in height from 1–6 ft (30–180 cm). They form naked or tunicless scaly underground bulbs which are their organs of perennation. In some North American species the base of the bulb develops into rhizomes, on which numerous small bulbs are found. Some species develop stolons.[4] Most bulbs are buried deep in the ground, but a few species form bulbs near the soil surface. Many species form stem-roots. With these, the bulb grows naturally at some depth in the soil, and each year the new stem puts out adventitious roots above the bulb as it emerges from the soil. These roots are in addition to the basal roots that develop at the base of the bulb, a number of species also produce contractile roots that move the bulbs deeper into the soil.[5]
Lily, petal
The flowers are large, often fragrant, and come in a wide range of colors including whites, yellows, oranges, pinks, reds and purples. Markings include spots and brush strokes. The plants are late spring- or summer-flowering. Flowers are borne in racemes or umbels at the tip of the stem, with six tepals spreading or reflexed, to give flowers varying from funnel shape to a "Turk's cap". The tepals are free from each other, and bear a nectary at the base of each flower. The ovary is 'superior', borne above the point of attachment of the anthers. The fruit is a three-celled capsule.[6]
Stamen of lilium:
Seeds ripen in late summer. They exhibit varying and sometimes complex germination patterns, many adapted to cool temperate climates.
Most cool temperate species are deciduous and dormant in winter in their native environment. But a few species native to areas with hot summers and mild winters (Lilium candidum, Lilium catesbaei, Lilium longiflorum) lose their leaves and enter a short dormant period in summer or autumn, sprout from autumn to winter, forming dwarf stems bearing a basal rosette of leaves until, after they have received sufficient chilling, the stem begins to elongate in warming weather.
The basic chromosome number is twelve (n=12).[7]
Taxonomy:
Taxonomical division in sections follows the classical division of Comber,[8] species acceptance follows the World Checklist of Selected Plant Families,[9] the taxonomy of section Pseudolirium is from the Flora of North America,[10] the taxonomy of Section Liriotypus is given in consideration of Resetnik et al. 2007,[11] the taxonomy of Chinese species (various sections) follows the Flora of China[12] and the taxonomy of Section Sinomartagon follows Nishikawa et al.[13] as does the taxonomy of Section Archelirion.[14]
The World Checklist of Selected Plant Families, as of January 2014, considers Nomocharis a separate genus in its own right,[15] however some authorities consider Nomocharis to be embedded within Lilium, rather than treat it as a separate genus.[16][17] The Sinomartagon are divided in 3 paraphyletic groups, while the Leucolirion are divided in 2 paraphyletic groups.[18]
There are seven sections:
Martagon
Pseudolirium
Liriotypus
Archelirion
Sinomartagon
Leucolirion
Daurolirion
There are 111 species counted in this genus.[19] For a full list of accepted species[1] with their native ranges, see List of Lilium species.
PictureSectionSub SectionBotanical namecommon name
Some species formerly included within this genus have now been placed in other genera. These genera include Cardiocrinum, Notholirion, Nomocharis and Fritillaria.
Etymology
The botanic name Lilium is the Latin form and is a Linnaean name. The Latin name is derived from the Greek word λείριον leírion, generally assumed to refer to true, white lilies as exemplified by the Madonna lily.[23][24][25] The word was borrowed from Coptic (dial. Fayyumic) hleri, from standard hreri, from Demotic hrry, from Egyptian hrṛt "flower".[citation needed] Meillet maintains that both the Egyptian and the Greek word are possible loans from an extinct, substratum language of the Eastern Mediterranean.[citation needed] Ancient Greek: κρῖνον, krīnon, was used by the Greeks, albeit for lilies of any color.[26]
The term "lily" has in the past been applied to numerous flowering plants, often with only superficial resemblance to the true lily, including water lily, fire lily, lily of the Nile, calla lily, trout lily, kaffir lily, cobra lily, lily of the valley, daylily, ginger lily, Amazon lily, leek lily, Peruvian lily, and others. All English translations of the Bible render the Hebrew shūshan, shōshan, shōshannā as "lily", but the "lily among the thorns" of Song of Solomon, for instance, may be the honeysuckle.[27]
Distribution and habitat:
The range of lilies in the Old World extends across much of Europe, across most of Asia to Japan, south to India, and east to Indochina and the Philippines. In the New World they extend from southern Canada through much of the United States. They are commonly adapted to either woodland habitats, often montane, or sometimes to grassland habitats. A few can survive in marshland and epiphytes are known in tropical southeast Asia. In general they prefer moderately acidic or lime-free soils.
Ecology
Lilies are used as food plants by the larvae of some Lepidoptera species including the Dun-bar.
The proliferation of deer (e.g. Odocoileus virginianus) in North America, mainly due to factors such as the elimination of large predators for human safety, is responsible there for a downturn in lily populations in the wild and is a threat to garden lilies as well.[28] Fences as high as 8 feet may be required to prevent them from consuming the plants, an impractical solution for most wild areas.[29]
Cultivation
Many species are widely grown in the garden in temperate, sub-tropical and tropical regions.[30] Numerous ornamental hybrids have been developed. They are used in herbaceous borders, woodland and shrub plantings, and as patio plants. Some lilies, especially Lilium longiflorum, form important cut flower crops or potted plants. These are forced to flower outside of the normal flowering season for particular markets; for instance, Lilium longiflorum for the Easter trade, when it may be called the Easter lily.
Lilies are usually planted as bulbs in the dormant season. They are best planted in a south-facing (northern hemisphere), slightly sloping aspect, in sun or part shade, at a depth 2½ times the height of the bulb (except Lilium candidum which should be planted at the surface). Most prefer a porous, loamy soil, and good drainage is essential. Most species bloom in July or August (northern hemisphere). The flowering periods of certain lily species begin in late spring, while others bloom in late summer or early autumn.[31] They have contractile roots which pull the plant down to the correct depth, therefore it is better to plant them too shallowly than too deep. A soil pH of around 6.5 is generally safe. Most grow best in well-drained soils, and plants are watered during the growing season. Some species and cultivars have strong wiry stems, but those with heavy flower heads are staked to stay upright.[32][33]
Awards:
The following lily species and cultivars currently hold the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit (confirmed 2017):[34]
African Queen Group (VI-/a) 2002 H6
'Casa Blanca' (VIIb/b-c) 1993 H6
'Fata Morgana' (Ia/b) 2002 H6
'Garden Party' (VIIb/b) 2002 H6
Golden Splendor Group (VIb-c/a)[35]
Lilium henryi (IXc/d) 1993 H6
Lilium mackliniae (IXc/a) 2012 H5
Lilium martagon – Turk's cap lily (IXc/d)[36]
Lilium pardalinum – leopard lily (IXc/d)[37]
Pink Perfection Group (VIb/a)[38]
Lilium regale – regal lily, king's lily (IXb/a)[39]
Pests and diseases:
Aphids may infest plants. Leatherjackets feed on the roots. Larvae of the Scarlet lily beetle can cause serious damage to the stems and leaves. The scarlet beetle lays its eggs and completes its life cycle only on true lilies (Lilium) and fritillaries (Fritillaria).[51] Oriental, rubrum, tiger and trumpet lilies as well as Oriental trumpets (orienpets) and Turk's cap lilies and native North American Lilium species are all vulnerable, but the beetle prefers some types over others. The beetle could also be having an effect on native Canadian species and some rare and endangered species found in northeastern North America.[52] Daylilies (Hemerocallis, not true lilies) are excluded from this category. Plants can suffer from damage caused by mice, deer and squirrels. Slugs,[53] snails and millipedes attack seedlings, leaves and flowers.
Brown spots on damp leaves may signal an infection of Botrytis elliptica, also known as Lily blight, lily fire, and botrytis leaf blight.[54] Various viral diseases can cause mottling of leaves and stunting of growth, including lily curl stripe, ringspot, and lily rosette virus.[55]
Propagation and growth
Lilies can be propagated in several ways;
by division of the bulbs
by growing-on bulbils which are adventitious bulbs formed on the stem
by scaling, for which whole scales are detached from the bulb and planted to form a new bulb
by seed; there are many seed germination patterns, which can be complex
by micropropagation techniques (which include tissue culture);[56] commercial quantities of lilies are often propagated in vitro and then planted out to grow into plants large enough to sell. A highly efficient technique for multiple shoot and propagule formation was given by Yadav et al., in 2013.[57]
Plant grow regulators (PGRs) are used to limit the height of lilies, especial those sold as potted plants; commonly used chemicals include ancymidol, fluprimidol, paclobutrazol, and uni-conazole, which are applied to the foliage and retard the biosynthesis of gibberellins, a class of plant hormones responsible for stem growth.[58]
Research
A comparison of meiotic crossing-over (recombination) in lily and mouse led, in 1977, to the conclusion that diverse eukaryotes share a common pattern of meiotic crossing-over.[59] Lilium longiflorum has been used for studying aspects of the basic molecular mechanism of genetic recombination during meiosis.[60][61]
Toxicity
Some Lilium species are toxic to cats. This is known to be so especially for Lilium longiflorum, though other Lilium and the unrelated Hemerocallis can also cause the same symptoms.[62][63][64][65] The true mechanism of toxicity is undetermined, but it involves damage to the renal tubular epithelium (composing the substance of the kidney and secreting, collecting, and conducting urine), which can cause acute kidney failure.[65] Veterinary help should be sought, as a matter of urgency, for any cat that is suspected of eating any part of a lily – including licking pollen that may have brushed onto its coat.[66]
Medicinal uses
Traditional Chinese medicine list the use of the following: 野百合 Lilium brownii, 百合 Lilium brownii var. viridulum, 渥丹 Lilium concolor, 毛百合 Lilium dauricum, 卷丹 Lilium lancifolium, 山丹 Lilium pumilum, 南川百合 Lilium rosthornii, 药百合Lilium speciosum var. gloriosoides, 淡黄花百合 Lilium sulphureum.[106][107]
In Taiwan, governmental publications list Lilium lancifolium Thunb., Lilium brownii var. viridulum Baker, Lilium pumilum DC.[108]
In the kanpō or Chinese medicine as practiced in Japan, the official Japanese governmental pharmacopeia Nihon yakkyokuhō (日本薬局方) includes the use of lily bulb (known as byakugō (ビャクゴウ 百合) in traditional pharmacological circles), listing the use of the following species: Lilium lancifolium, Lilium brownii, Lilium brownii var. colchesteri, Lilium pumilum[109] The scales flaked off from the bulbs are used, usually steamed.[109]
In South Korea, the lilium species which are officially listed for medicinal use are 참나리 Lilium lancifolium Thunberg; 당나리 Lilium brownii var. viridulun Baker.[110][111]
In culture:
Symbolism:
In the Victorian language of flowers, lilies portray love, ardor, and affection for your loved ones, while orange lilies stand for happiness, love, and warmth.[112]
Lilies are the flowers most commonly used at funerals, where they symbolically signify that the soul of the deceased has been restored to the state of innocence.[113]
Lilium formosanum, or Taiwanese lily, is called "the flower of broken bowl" (Chinese: 打碗花) by the elderly members of the Hakka ethnic group. They believe that because this lily grows near bodies of clean water, harming the lily may damage the environment, just like breaking the bowls that people rely on.[114] An alternative explanation is that parents convince children into not taking the lily by convincing the children that their dinner bowls may break if they destroy this flower. The indigenous Rukai people who call this same species bariangalay consider it as a symbol of bravery and perseverance.[115]
In Western Christianity, Madonna lily or Lilium candidum has been associated with the Virgin Mary since at least the Medieval Era. Medieval and Renaissance depictions of the Virgin Mary, especially at the Annunciation, often show her with these flowers. Madonna lilies are also commonly included in depictions of Christ's resurrection. Lilium longiflorum, the Easter lily, is a symbol of Easter, and Lilium candidum, the Madonna lily, carries a great deal of symbolic value in many cultures. See the articles for more information.
Heraldry:
The fleur-de-lis, associated primarily with French royalty, is a stylized lily flower.
Lilium bulbiferum has long been recognised as a symbol of the Orange Order in Northern Ireland.[116]
Lilium mackliniae is the state flower of Manipur. Lilium michauxii, the Carolina lily, is the official state flower of North Carolina. Idyllwild, California, hosts the Lemon Lily Festival, which celebrates Lilium parryi.[117] Lilium philadelphicum is the floral emblem of Saskatchewan province in Canada, and is on the flag of Saskatchewan.[118][119][120]
Other plants referred to as lilies:
Lily of the valley, flame lilies, daylilies, and water lilies are symbolically important flowers commonly referred to as lilies, but they are not in the genus Lilium.
See also:
Lily seed germination types
List of plants known as lily.
Explanatory notes:
Blasdale cites Bretschneider (1889), but in Bretschneider (1875), "Notes on Chinese Mediaeval Travellers to the West", p. 123, first gives the Chinese name for H. fulva as "kïm châm hōa" as according to João de Loureiro, while he himself only recognized its name as "kin huang hua" 金黃花 or as [黃花菜]; huang-hua ts'ai; 'yellow-flower vegetable' as they were called by Beijing merchants.
The informant, Pelham L. Warren, consul at Taiwan was presumably providing imports from China (main port Hankou) or Japan.
"not a common food" (Shizuo Tsuji [ja]).
The term uragoshi [ja] "straining" orthodoxically means using the "uragoshi-ki", traditionally a sieve with a fine mesh of horse-hair instead of metal wire.
These could refer to essentially the same thing, except for slight difference in texture and appearance. The yuri-kinton has been described as "ogura an (sweet adzuki bean paste) core surrounded with stipples (soboro) of strained lily bulb and white adzuki (shiroazuki or shiroshōzu).[90] A recipe for lily bulb dumplings or chakin-shibori calls for wrapping adzuki bean paste with lily bulb mashed into purée, then wrapping it in a cloth and wringing the dumpling into a ball shape.[89]
Jimyōin Motoaki [ja] b. 1865 was a viscount and poet. So was his son Motonori.
And as discussed below, this yama-yuri was also called "hime-yuri" in earlier days.[95]
The kooni yuri (小鬼百合, "lesser ogre lily").
That is, not in the top three of this period.[95]
References:
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External links:
Look up lilium in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
Wikiquote has quotations related to Lilies.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Lilium.
Wikispecies has information related to Lilium.
The Plant List
North American Lily Society
Royal Horticultural Society Lily Group
1 2 3 Time-lapse videos
THE GENUS LILIUM
"Lilium" at the Encyclopedia of Life Edit this at Wikidata
Lily perenialization, Flower Bulb Research Program, Department of Horticulture, Cornell University
Crossing polygon of the genus Lilium.
Bulb flower production; Lilies, International Flower Bulb Centre
Lily Picture Book, International Flower Bulb Centre.
Flora:
Flora Europaea: Lilium
Flora of China: Lilium
Flora of Nepal: Lilium species list
Flora of North America: Lilium
Picture: femaleimagination.wordpress.com/2011/03/14/incredible-res...
Article: kristof.blogs.nytimes.com/2011/03/11/sympathy-for-japan-a...
Our hearts are all with the Japanese today, after the terrible earthquake there – the worst ever recorded in Japan. But, having covered the 1995 Kobe earthquake (which killed more than 6,000 people and left 300,000 homeless) when I lived in Japan as Tokyo bureau chief for The New York Times, I have to add: Watch Japan in the coming days and weeks, and I bet we can also learn some lessons.
It’s not that Japan’s government handles earthquakes particularly well. The government utterly mismanaged the rescue efforts after the 1995 quake, and its regulatory apparatus disgraced itself by impounding Tylenol and search dogs sent by other countries. In those first few frantic days, when people were still alive under the rubble, some died unnecessarily because of the government’s incompetence.
But the Japanese people themselves were truly noble in their perseverance and stoicism and orderliness. There’s a common Japanese word, “gaman,” that doesn’t really have an English equivalent, but is something like “toughing it out.” And that’s what the people of Kobe did, with a courage, unity and common purpose that left me awed.
Japan’s orderliness and civility often impressed me during my years living in Japan, but never more so than after the Kobe quake. Pretty much the entire port of Kobe was destroyed, with shop windows broken all across the city. I looked all over for a case of looting, or violent jostling over rescue supplies. Finally, I was delighted to find a store owner who told me that he’d been robbed by two men. Somewhat melodramatically, I asked him something like: And were you surprised that fellow Japanese would take advantage of a natural disaster and turn to crime? He looked surprised and responded, as I recall: Who said anything about Japanese. They were foreigners.
Japan has an underclass, the burakumin, and also treats ethnic Koreans with disdain. But compared to other countries, Japan has little extreme poverty and a greater sense of common purpose. The middle class is unusually broad, and corporate tycoons traditionally were embarrassed to be seen as being paid too much. That sense of common purpose is part of the country’s social fabric, and it is especially visible after a natural disaster or crisis.
I don’t want to overdo that. Japan’s civility masks problems with bullying from schools to the work place, gangs like the yakuza rake in profits from illegal activity, and politicians and construction tycoons exchanging favors so as to loot the taxpayer. But it was striking in the aftermath of the Kobe earthquake to see even the yakuza set up counters to give away supplies to earthquake survivors. And Japan’s social fabric never tore. Barely even creased.
This stoicism is built into the Japanese language. People always say “shikata ga nai” – it can’t be helped. And one of the most common things to say to someone else is “ganbatte kudasai” – tough it out, be strong. Natural disasters are seen as part of Japan’s “unmei,” or fate – a term that is written by combining the characters for movement and life. I remember reading an ancient account, I believe from 16th century Jesuit visitors, of an earthquake devastating a village, and then within hours the peasants began rebuilding their homes.
Uncomplaining, collective resilience is steeped into the Japanese soul. We sent our eldest son to Japanese school briefly, and I’ll never forget seeing all the little kids having to go to school in shorts even in the dead of winter. The idea was that it built character. I thought it just gave kids colds. But it was one more effort to instill “gaman.” And it’s “gaman” that helped Japan recovered from World War II and tolerated the “lost decade” after the bubble economy burst in about 1990. Indeed, it might be better if Japanese complained a bit more – perhaps then their politicians would be more responsive.
One factor may also have to do with our relationship with nature. Americans see themselves as in confrontation with nature, taming it. In contrast, the Japanese conception is that humans are simply one part of nature, riding its tides — including many, many earthquakes throughout history. The Kanto earthquake of 1923 killed more than 100,000 people. The Japanese word for nature, shizen, is a modern one, dating back only a bit more than 100 years, because traditionally there was no need to express the concept. In an essay in the Times after the Kobe quake, I made some of these same points and ended with a 17th century haiku from one of Japan’s greatest poets, Basho:
The vicissitudes of life.
Sad, to become finally
A bamboo shoot.
I find something noble and courageous in Japan’s resilience and perseverance, and it will be on display in the coming days. This will also be a time when the tight knit of Japan’s social fabric, its toughness and resilience, shine through. And my hunch is that the Japanese will, by and large, work together — something of a contrast to the polarization and bickering and dog-eat-dog model of politics now on display from Wisconsin to Washington. So maybe we can learn just a little bit from Japan. In short, our hearts go out to Japan, and we extend our deepest sympathy for the tragic quake. But also, our deepest admiration.
Local energy drink Guru seems to be market testing 3 new "flavors" ("Sports drink", iced tea and "tangerine juicy").
USDA certified organic, this stuff is a lifesaver. 100% natural and with a guarana/ginkgo/ginseng kick on it like a mule.
The new flavors come in oversized 473ml cans. Guru is fighting hard to regain it's market position after RedBull came in and started selling their garbage chemical-soup sugar-water. Sad to see how massive marketing campaigns win out over quality product. Anyways, these cans go for $3.25, about the same as the diminutive RedBulls...
Ganbatte kudasai.
TROOPER 666 now available to pre-order online!18th August 2015 10:01
ale fans in many EU countries can now PRE-ORDER cases of TROOPER 666 direct from Robinsons Brewery via their online shop. All you need to do is click on the Buy Beer link and we’ll have TROOPER 666 on your doorstep from the 14th September or as soon as possible afterwards.
As a box containing twelve 330ml glass bottles of beer is quite heavy, to help alleviate some of the shipping costs, we’ve made arrangements so you can get two cases shipped for the same price as shipping one… so why not split the order with a friend and save yourself some money?
You can calculate your shipping cost at checkout (bottom left hand corner of the checkout page). Simply type in your country, your city and your postcode and we will work out your delivery. If your country isn’t listed, unfortunately, we cannot ship to you at this time due to legal and customs matters when shipping alcohol... we’re working on it.
We get asked all the time about when TROOPER 666 will be available to buy in pubs and shops – we are of course working on this as well! Don’t worry, we’ll soon be letting you know via the website and social media exactly where and when you can get your hands on TROOPER 666.
Keep an eye on the website, or follow us on Facebook, because things are really starting to brew as October approaches!
•Anglais: “One beer, please” – “Cheers”
•Espagnol: “Una cerveza, por favor” – “Salud”
•Italien: “Una birra, per favore” – “Salute”
•Français: “Une bière, s’il vous plait” – “Santé”
•Latin (On ne sait jamais…): “Unam cervesiam, si placet” – “Sanitas bona”
•Grec: “Mia beera, parakalo” – “Iamas”
•Allemand: “Ein Bier, bitte” – “Prost” (Allemand); “Ein Prosit” (Dialecte Bavarois)
•Hollandais: “Een bier alstublief” – “Proost”
•Flamand: “Een pintje alstublief” – “Proost”
•Danois: “En øl, tak” – “Skål”
•Suedois: “En öl, tahk” – “Skaal”
•Norvégien: “En øl, takk” – “Skål”
•Finlandais: “Yksi olut, kiitos” – “Kippis”
•Tchèque (slaves..): “Jedno pivo prosím” – “Na zdraví”
•Polonais: “Jedno piwo prosze” – “Na zdrowie”
•Russe: “Odno pivo pozhaluista” – “Na zdorovje”
•Hongrois: “Egy sört kérek” – “Na zdrave”
•Japonais: “Birru o ippon kudasai” – “Kampai”
•Coréen: “Magjoo hanna Juse-yo” – “Chukbae”
•Chinois Mandarin: “Ching gai wor e ping pea jou” – “Gan Bei”
•Chinois Cantonais: “Ng goi bei gee bear jou” – “Gom bui”
Only 30 minites to year 2010 here, so I wish you a Happy New Year, Guten Rutsch (is a typical German happy new year wish to others), yoi otoshi wo osugoshi kudasai.
Note : One of beautiful, romantic location of Second Life, Life is good sim will be gone after January 15th, 2010.
Posted by Second Life Resident Liqueur Felix. Visit Life is good.
Lírio
Origem: Wikipédia, a enciclopédia livre.
Botânica
Lírio — designação comum às flores do género Lilium, além de Amaryllis, Crinum, Hemerocallis, Hippeastrum e Worsleya, em especial as da família das liliáceas
Lilium martagon — da família das liliáceas
Lilium candidum — da família das liliáceas
Hemerocallis — da família das hemerocalidáceas
Ictiologia:
Seriola rivoliana ou Lírio — espécie de peixe da família dos Carangídeos
Seriola dumerili ou Lírio— espécie de peixe da família dos Carangídeos
Trichiurus lepturus ou Lírio — espécie de peixe teleósteo da família dos Triquiurídeos.
Geografia:
Lirio — comuna da província de Pavia, região Lombardia, Itália.
Outros:
Flor-de-lis — o lírio na heráldica.
Lilium
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
Lily" and "Lilies" redirect here. For other uses, see Lilium (disambiguation), Lily (disambiguation), and Lilies (disambiguation).
For other plants called lilies, see List of plants known as lily.
Lilium (/ˈlɪliəm/ LIL-ee-əm)[3] is a genus of herbaceous flowering plants growing from bulbs, all with large prominent flowers. They are the true lilies. Lilies are a group of flowering plants which are important in culture and literature in much of the world. Most species are native to the Northern Hemisphere and their range is temperate climates and extends into the subtropics. Many other plants have "lily" in their common names, but do not belong to the same genus and are therefore not true lilies.
Description:
Lilies are tall perennials ranging in height from 1–6 ft (30–180 cm). They form naked or tunicless scaly underground bulbs which are their organs of perennation. In some North American species the base of the bulb develops into rhizomes, on which numerous small bulbs are found. Some species develop stolons.[4] Most bulbs are buried deep in the ground, but a few species form bulbs near the soil surface. Many species form stem-roots. With these, the bulb grows naturally at some depth in the soil, and each year the new stem puts out adventitious roots above the bulb as it emerges from the soil. These roots are in addition to the basal roots that develop at the base of the bulb, a number of species also produce contractile roots that move the bulbs deeper into the soil.[5]
Lily, petal
The flowers are large, often fragrant, and come in a wide range of colors including whites, yellows, oranges, pinks, reds and purples. Markings include spots and brush strokes. The plants are late spring- or summer-flowering. Flowers are borne in racemes or umbels at the tip of the stem, with six tepals spreading or reflexed, to give flowers varying from funnel shape to a "Turk's cap". The tepals are free from each other, and bear a nectary at the base of each flower. The ovary is 'superior', borne above the point of attachment of the anthers. The fruit is a three-celled capsule.[6]
Stamen of lilium:
Seeds ripen in late summer. They exhibit varying and sometimes complex germination patterns, many adapted to cool temperate climates.
Most cool temperate species are deciduous and dormant in winter in their native environment. But a few species native to areas with hot summers and mild winters (Lilium candidum, Lilium catesbaei, Lilium longiflorum) lose their leaves and enter a short dormant period in summer or autumn, sprout from autumn to winter, forming dwarf stems bearing a basal rosette of leaves until, after they have received sufficient chilling, the stem begins to elongate in warming weather.
The basic chromosome number is twelve (n=12).[7]
Taxonomy:
Taxonomical division in sections follows the classical division of Comber,[8] species acceptance follows the World Checklist of Selected Plant Families,[9] the taxonomy of section Pseudolirium is from the Flora of North America,[10] the taxonomy of Section Liriotypus is given in consideration of Resetnik et al. 2007,[11] the taxonomy of Chinese species (various sections) follows the Flora of China[12] and the taxonomy of Section Sinomartagon follows Nishikawa et al.[13] as does the taxonomy of Section Archelirion.[14]
The World Checklist of Selected Plant Families, as of January 2014, considers Nomocharis a separate genus in its own right,[15] however some authorities consider Nomocharis to be embedded within Lilium, rather than treat it as a separate genus.[16][17] The Sinomartagon are divided in 3 paraphyletic groups, while the Leucolirion are divided in 2 paraphyletic groups.[18]
There are seven sections:
Martagon
Pseudolirium
Liriotypus
Archelirion
Sinomartagon
Leucolirion
Daurolirion
There are 111 species counted in this genus.[19] For a full list of accepted species[1] with their native ranges, see List of Lilium species.
PictureSectionSub SectionBotanical namecommon name
Some species formerly included within this genus have now been placed in other genera. These genera include Cardiocrinum, Notholirion, Nomocharis and Fritillaria.
Etymology
The botanic name Lilium is the Latin form and is a Linnaean name. The Latin name is derived from the Greek word λείριον leírion, generally assumed to refer to true, white lilies as exemplified by the Madonna lily.[23][24][25] The word was borrowed from Coptic (dial. Fayyumic) hleri, from standard hreri, from Demotic hrry, from Egyptian hrṛt "flower".[citation needed] Meillet maintains that both the Egyptian and the Greek word are possible loans from an extinct, substratum language of the Eastern Mediterranean.[citation needed] Ancient Greek: κρῖνον, krīnon, was used by the Greeks, albeit for lilies of any color.[26]
The term "lily" has in the past been applied to numerous flowering plants, often with only superficial resemblance to the true lily, including water lily, fire lily, lily of the Nile, calla lily, trout lily, kaffir lily, cobra lily, lily of the valley, daylily, ginger lily, Amazon lily, leek lily, Peruvian lily, and others. All English translations of the Bible render the Hebrew shūshan, shōshan, shōshannā as "lily", but the "lily among the thorns" of Song of Solomon, for instance, may be the honeysuckle.[27]
Distribution and habitat:
The range of lilies in the Old World extends across much of Europe, across most of Asia to Japan, south to India, and east to Indochina and the Philippines. In the New World they extend from southern Canada through much of the United States. They are commonly adapted to either woodland habitats, often montane, or sometimes to grassland habitats. A few can survive in marshland and epiphytes are known in tropical southeast Asia. In general they prefer moderately acidic or lime-free soils.
Ecology
Lilies are used as food plants by the larvae of some Lepidoptera species including the Dun-bar.
The proliferation of deer (e.g. Odocoileus virginianus) in North America, mainly due to factors such as the elimination of large predators for human safety, is responsible there for a downturn in lily populations in the wild and is a threat to garden lilies as well.[28] Fences as high as 8 feet may be required to prevent them from consuming the plants, an impractical solution for most wild areas.[29]
Cultivation
Many species are widely grown in the garden in temperate, sub-tropical and tropical regions.[30] Numerous ornamental hybrids have been developed. They are used in herbaceous borders, woodland and shrub plantings, and as patio plants. Some lilies, especially Lilium longiflorum, form important cut flower crops or potted plants. These are forced to flower outside of the normal flowering season for particular markets; for instance, Lilium longiflorum for the Easter trade, when it may be called the Easter lily.
Lilies are usually planted as bulbs in the dormant season. They are best planted in a south-facing (northern hemisphere), slightly sloping aspect, in sun or part shade, at a depth 2½ times the height of the bulb (except Lilium candidum which should be planted at the surface). Most prefer a porous, loamy soil, and good drainage is essential. Most species bloom in July or August (northern hemisphere). The flowering periods of certain lily species begin in late spring, while others bloom in late summer or early autumn.[31] They have contractile roots which pull the plant down to the correct depth, therefore it is better to plant them too shallowly than too deep. A soil pH of around 6.5 is generally safe. Most grow best in well-drained soils, and plants are watered during the growing season. Some species and cultivars have strong wiry stems, but those with heavy flower heads are staked to stay upright.[32][33]
Awards:
The following lily species and cultivars currently hold the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit (confirmed 2017):[34]
African Queen Group (VI-/a) 2002 H6
'Casa Blanca' (VIIb/b-c) 1993 H6
'Fata Morgana' (Ia/b) 2002 H6
'Garden Party' (VIIb/b) 2002 H6
Golden Splendor Group (VIb-c/a)[35]
Lilium henryi (IXc/d) 1993 H6
Lilium mackliniae (IXc/a) 2012 H5
Lilium martagon – Turk's cap lily (IXc/d)[36]
Lilium pardalinum – leopard lily (IXc/d)[37]
Pink Perfection Group (VIb/a)[38]
Lilium regale – regal lily, king's lily (IXb/a)[39]
Pests and diseases:
Aphids may infest plants. Leatherjackets feed on the roots. Larvae of the Scarlet lily beetle can cause serious damage to the stems and leaves. The scarlet beetle lays its eggs and completes its life cycle only on true lilies (Lilium) and fritillaries (Fritillaria).[51] Oriental, rubrum, tiger and trumpet lilies as well as Oriental trumpets (orienpets) and Turk's cap lilies and native North American Lilium species are all vulnerable, but the beetle prefers some types over others. The beetle could also be having an effect on native Canadian species and some rare and endangered species found in northeastern North America.[52] Daylilies (Hemerocallis, not true lilies) are excluded from this category. Plants can suffer from damage caused by mice, deer and squirrels. Slugs,[53] snails and millipedes attack seedlings, leaves and flowers.
Brown spots on damp leaves may signal an infection of Botrytis elliptica, also known as Lily blight, lily fire, and botrytis leaf blight.[54] Various viral diseases can cause mottling of leaves and stunting of growth, including lily curl stripe, ringspot, and lily rosette virus.[55]
Propagation and growth
Lilies can be propagated in several ways;
by division of the bulbs
by growing-on bulbils which are adventitious bulbs formed on the stem
by scaling, for which whole scales are detached from the bulb and planted to form a new bulb
by seed; there are many seed germination patterns, which can be complex
by micropropagation techniques (which include tissue culture);[56] commercial quantities of lilies are often propagated in vitro and then planted out to grow into plants large enough to sell. A highly efficient technique for multiple shoot and propagule formation was given by Yadav et al., in 2013.[57]
Plant grow regulators (PGRs) are used to limit the height of lilies, especial those sold as potted plants; commonly used chemicals include ancymidol, fluprimidol, paclobutrazol, and uni-conazole, which are applied to the foliage and retard the biosynthesis of gibberellins, a class of plant hormones responsible for stem growth.[58]
Research
A comparison of meiotic crossing-over (recombination) in lily and mouse led, in 1977, to the conclusion that diverse eukaryotes share a common pattern of meiotic crossing-over.[59] Lilium longiflorum has been used for studying aspects of the basic molecular mechanism of genetic recombination during meiosis.[60][61]
Toxicity
Some Lilium species are toxic to cats. This is known to be so especially for Lilium longiflorum, though other Lilium and the unrelated Hemerocallis can also cause the same symptoms.[62][63][64][65] The true mechanism of toxicity is undetermined, but it involves damage to the renal tubular epithelium (composing the substance of the kidney and secreting, collecting, and conducting urine), which can cause acute kidney failure.[65] Veterinary help should be sought, as a matter of urgency, for any cat that is suspected of eating any part of a lily – including licking pollen that may have brushed onto its coat.[66]
Medicinal uses
Traditional Chinese medicine list the use of the following: 野百合 Lilium brownii, 百合 Lilium brownii var. viridulum, 渥丹 Lilium concolor, 毛百合 Lilium dauricum, 卷丹 Lilium lancifolium, 山丹 Lilium pumilum, 南川百合 Lilium rosthornii, 药百合Lilium speciosum var. gloriosoides, 淡黄花百合 Lilium sulphureum.[106][107]
In Taiwan, governmental publications list Lilium lancifolium Thunb., Lilium brownii var. viridulum Baker, Lilium pumilum DC.[108]
In the kanpō or Chinese medicine as practiced in Japan, the official Japanese governmental pharmacopeia Nihon yakkyokuhō (日本薬局方) includes the use of lily bulb (known as byakugō (ビャクゴウ 百合) in traditional pharmacological circles), listing the use of the following species: Lilium lancifolium, Lilium brownii, Lilium brownii var. colchesteri, Lilium pumilum[109] The scales flaked off from the bulbs are used, usually steamed.[109]
In South Korea, the lilium species which are officially listed for medicinal use are 참나리 Lilium lancifolium Thunberg; 당나리 Lilium brownii var. viridulun Baker.[110][111]
In culture:
Symbolism:
In the Victorian language of flowers, lilies portray love, ardor, and affection for your loved ones, while orange lilies stand for happiness, love, and warmth.[112]
Lilies are the flowers most commonly used at funerals, where they symbolically signify that the soul of the deceased has been restored to the state of innocence.[113]
Lilium formosanum, or Taiwanese lily, is called "the flower of broken bowl" (Chinese: 打碗花) by the elderly members of the Hakka ethnic group. They believe that because this lily grows near bodies of clean water, harming the lily may damage the environment, just like breaking the bowls that people rely on.[114] An alternative explanation is that parents convince children into not taking the lily by convincing the children that their dinner bowls may break if they destroy this flower. The indigenous Rukai people who call this same species bariangalay consider it as a symbol of bravery and perseverance.[115]
In Western Christianity, Madonna lily or Lilium candidum has been associated with the Virgin Mary since at least the Medieval Era. Medieval and Renaissance depictions of the Virgin Mary, especially at the Annunciation, often show her with these flowers. Madonna lilies are also commonly included in depictions of Christ's resurrection. Lilium longiflorum, the Easter lily, is a symbol of Easter, and Lilium candidum, the Madonna lily, carries a great deal of symbolic value in many cultures. See the articles for more information.
Heraldry:
The fleur-de-lis, associated primarily with French royalty, is a stylized lily flower.
Lilium bulbiferum has long been recognised as a symbol of the Orange Order in Northern Ireland.[116]
Lilium mackliniae is the state flower of Manipur. Lilium michauxii, the Carolina lily, is the official state flower of North Carolina. Idyllwild, California, hosts the Lemon Lily Festival, which celebrates Lilium parryi.[117] Lilium philadelphicum is the floral emblem of Saskatchewan province in Canada, and is on the flag of Saskatchewan.[118][119][120]
Other plants referred to as lilies:
Lily of the valley, flame lilies, daylilies, and water lilies are symbolically important flowers commonly referred to as lilies, but they are not in the genus Lilium.
See also:
Lily seed germination types
List of plants known as lily.
Explanatory notes:
Blasdale cites Bretschneider (1889), but in Bretschneider (1875), "Notes on Chinese Mediaeval Travellers to the West", p. 123, first gives the Chinese name for H. fulva as "kïm châm hōa" as according to João de Loureiro, while he himself only recognized its name as "kin huang hua" 金黃花 or as [黃花菜]; huang-hua ts'ai; 'yellow-flower vegetable' as they were called by Beijing merchants.
The informant, Pelham L. Warren, consul at Taiwan was presumably providing imports from China (main port Hankou) or Japan.
"not a common food" (Shizuo Tsuji [ja]).
The term uragoshi [ja] "straining" orthodoxically means using the "uragoshi-ki", traditionally a sieve with a fine mesh of horse-hair instead of metal wire.
These could refer to essentially the same thing, except for slight difference in texture and appearance. The yuri-kinton has been described as "ogura an (sweet adzuki bean paste) core surrounded with stipples (soboro) of strained lily bulb and white adzuki (shiroazuki or shiroshōzu).[90] A recipe for lily bulb dumplings or chakin-shibori calls for wrapping adzuki bean paste with lily bulb mashed into purée, then wrapping it in a cloth and wringing the dumpling into a ball shape.[89]
Jimyōin Motoaki [ja] b. 1865 was a viscount and poet. So was his son Motonori.
And as discussed below, this yama-yuri was also called "hime-yuri" in earlier days.[95]
The kooni yuri (小鬼百合, "lesser ogre lily").
That is, not in the top three of this period.[95]
References:
Citations:
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External links:
Look up lilium in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
Wikiquote has quotations related to Lilies.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Lilium.
Wikispecies has information related to Lilium.
The Plant List
North American Lily Society
Royal Horticultural Society Lily Group
1 2 3 Time-lapse videos
THE GENUS LILIUM
"Lilium" at the Encyclopedia of Life Edit this at Wikidata
Lily perenialization, Flower Bulb Research Program, Department of Horticulture, Cornell University
Crossing polygon of the genus Lilium.
Bulb flower production; Lilies, International Flower Bulb Centre
Lily Picture Book, International Flower Bulb Centre.
Flora:
Flora Europaea: Lilium
Flora of China: Lilium
Flora of Nepal: Lilium species list
Flora of North America: Lilium