View allAll Photos Tagged Jallianwala
Source: Collected Works of Mahatma Gandhi, Volume 17, Facing Page 168. Published by the Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Government of India with the kind permission of the Navajivan Trust, Ahmedabad.
The Jallianwala Bagh, near the Golden Temple, is a memorial park (established in 1951) honouring those unarmed civilians who were killed without warning by British troops under the command of Brigadier-General Dyer in April 1919 while demonstrating peacefully against the repressive Rowlatt Act (which allowed the British to imprison anyone suspected of sedition). The official death toll was put at 379, though some sources claim that as many as 2,000 people died. It was undoubtedly one of the most shameful acts committed during the period of British rule in India and strengthened the resolve of those struggling to secure India's independence. This wall at the back of the garden shows the marks left by bullets, outlined in chalk.
Amritsar; Punjabi: ਅੰਮ੍ਰਿਤਸਰ; Punjabi pronunciation: [əmːɾɪt̪səɾ]), historically also known as Rāmdāspur and colloquially as Ambarsar, is a city in north-western part in India and the administrative headquarters of the Amritsar district in the state of Punjab.
According to the 2011 census, the population of Amritsar was 1,132,761. The city is situated 217 km northwest of state capital Chandigarh. It is near Pakistan, with the Wagah Border being only 28 km away. The nearest city is Lahore, the second largest city in Pakistan, located 50 km to the west.
The Akal Takht (Punjabi: ਅਕਾਲ ਤਖ਼ਤ) meaning throne of the timeless one is one of five takhts (seats of power) of the Sikh religion. It is located in the Harmandir Sahib (Golden Temple) complex in Amritsar. The city houses the Temporal seat of Sikhs.
Amritsar is home to the Harmandir Sahib (commonly known as the Golden Temple), the spiritual and cultural center for the Sikh religion. This important Sikh shrine attracts more visitors than the Taj Mahal with more than 100,000 visitors on weekdays alone and is the most popular destination for non-resident Indians (NRI) in the whole of India. The city also houses the Akal Takht, the highest seat of earthly authority of the Khalsa, and the committee responsible for the upkeep of Gurdwaras.
The Ramtirth temple situated at Amritsar is believed to be Ashram site of Maharishi Valmiki, the writer of Ramayana. According to the Hindu mythology, Goddess Sita gave birth to Luv and Kush, sons of lord Rama at Ramtirth ashram. Large number of people visit Ramtirth temple at annual fair. Nearby cities to Amritsar, Lahore and Kasoor were said to be founded by Lava and Kush, respectively. During Ashvamedha Yagna by Lord Rama, Lava and Kush captured the ritual horse and tied lord Hanuman to a tree near to today's Durgiana Temple. During Navratra festivities it is considered to be auspicious by Hindu population of the city to visit that temple.
The main commercial activities of Amritsar include tourism, carpets and fabrics, farm produce, handicrafts, service trades, and light engineering. The city is known for its rich cuisine, and culture, and for the Jallianwala Bagh massacre in 1919 under British Rule. Amritsar is home to Central Khalsa Orphanage, which was once home to Udham Singh, a prominent figure in the Indian independence movement. Gandhi Ground is the main sports complex in the city which is home to the Amritsar Games Association, (AGA).
Amritsar has been chosen as one of the heritage cities for HRIDAY - Heritage City Development and Augmentation Yojana scheme of Government of India.
HISTORY
Amritsar is one of the largest cities of the Punjab state in India. The city origin lies in the village of Tung, and was named after the lake founded by the fourth Sikh Guru Ram Das in 1574 on land bought by him for 700 rupees from the owners of the village of Tung. Earlier, Guru Ram Das had begun building Santokhsar Sarovar, near the village of Sultanwind in 1564 (according to one source in 1570). It could not be completed before 1588. In 1574, Guru Ram Das built his residence and moved to this place. At that time, it was known as Guru Da Chakk. (Later, it came to be known as Chakk Ram Das.)
Amritsar's central walled city has narrow streets mostly developed in the 17th and 18th century. The city is a peculiar example of an introverted planning system with unique areas called Katras. The Katras are self-styled residential units that provided unique defence system during attacks on the city.
Jallianwala Bagh massacre
The Jallianwala Bagh massacre, involving the killing of hundreds of Indian civilians on the orders of a senior British military officer, Reginald Edward Harry Dyer, took place on 13 April 1919 in the heart of Amritsar, the holiest city of the Sikhs, on a day sacred to them as the birth anniversary of the Khalsa (Vaisakhi day).
In the Punjab, during World War I (1914–18), there was considerable unrest particularly among the Sikhs, first on account of the demolition of a boundary wall of Gurdwara Rakab Ganj at New Delhi and later because of the activities and trials of the Ghadarites, almost all of whom were Sikhs. In India as a whole, too, there had been a spurt in political activity mainly owing to the emergence of two leaders: Mahatma Gandhi (1869–1948) who after a period of struggle against the British in South Africa, had returned to India in January 1915, and Annie Besant (1847–1933), head of the Theosophical Society of India, who on 11 April 1916 established the Home Rule League with autonomy for India as its goal. In December 1916, the Indian National Congress, at its annual session held at Lucknow, passed a resolution asking the king to issue a proclamation announcing that it is the "aim and intention of British policy to confer self-government on India at an early date".
On 10 April 1919, Satya Pal and Saifuddin Kitchlew, two popular proponents of the Satyagraha movement led by Gandhi, were called to the deputy commissioner's residence, arrested and sent off by car to Dharamsetla, a hill town, now in Himachal Pradesh. This led to a general strike in Amritsar. Excited groups of citizens soon merged into a crowd of about 50,000 marching on to protest to the deputy commissioner against the arrest of the two leaders. The crowd, however, was stopped and fired upon near the railway foot-bridge. According to the official version, the number of those killed was 12 and of those wounded between 20 and 30. Evidence before an inquiry of the Indian National Congress put the number of the dead between 20 and 30.
Three days later, on 13 April, the traditional festival of Baisakhi, thousands of Sikhs, Muslims and Hindus gathered in the Jallianwala Bagh. An hour after the meeting began as scheduled at 16:30, Dyer arrived with a group of sixty-five Gurkha and twenty-five Baluchi soldiers. Without warning the crowd to disperse, Dyer blocked the main exits and ordered his troops to begin shooting toward the densest sections of the crowd. Firing continued for approximately ten minutes. A British inquiry into the massacre placed the death toll at 379. The Indian National Congress determined that approximately 1,000 people were killed.
PARTITION OF 1947
Partition of British India into India and Pakistan had a most profound effect on the demographics, economics, culture, political and social structures of Amritsar. The state of Punjab was divided between India and Pakistan and Amritsar became a border city, often on the front lines of India-Pakistan wars. Prior to partition, the Muslim league wanted to incorporate Amritsar into Pakistan because of the Amritsar's proximity to Lahore (a distance of 30 miles) and a nearly 50% Muslim population, but the city became part of India. The Indian National Congress had similar aims of incorporating Lahore into India as Lahore was the cultural, economic, and political capital of undivided Punjab and Hindus and Sikhs constituted nearly 50% of the population, but Lahore became a part of Pakistan. Amritsar and Lahore experienced some of the worst communal riots during the partition of India. Muslim residents of Amritsar left the city en-masse leaving their homes and property behind because of violent anti-Muslim riots in Amritsar. Similar scenes of communal carnage against Hindus and Sikhs were witnessed in Lahore and led to their mass evacuation.
Important Muslim dominated villages in Amritsar district prior to partition include Sultanpur, Kala Afgana, Abdul Kalan, Rasheed Bal, Lahorie, Shahpur, Shahkot, Alipur, Aliwal, Allahbad, Fatehbad, Chak, Guza Chak, Jattan, Cheema.
OPERATION BLUE STAR
Operation Blue Star (3– 6 June 1984) was an Indian military operation ordered by Indira Gandhi, then Prime Minister of India to curb and remove Sikh militants from the Golden Temple in Amritsar. The operation was carried out by Indian army troops with tanks and armoured vehicles. Militarily successful, the operation aroused immense controversy, and the government's justification for the timing and style of the attack are hotly debated. Operation Blue Star was included in the Top 10 Political Disgraces by India Today magazine.
Official reports put the number of deaths among the Indian army at 83. In addition, the CBI is considered responsible for seizing historical artefacts and manuscripts in the Sikh Reference Library before burning it down. Four months after the operation, on 31 October 1984, Indira Gandhi was assassinated by two of her Sikh bodyguards in what is viewed as an act of vengeance. Following her assassination, more than 3,000 Sikhs were killed in anti-Sikh pogroms. Within the Sikh community itself, Operation Blue Star has taken on considerable historical significance.
DEMOGRAPHICS
As of the 2011 census, Amritsar municipality had a population of 1,132,761 and the urban agglomeration had a population of 1,183,705. The municipality had a sex ratio of 879 females per 1,000 males and 9.7% of the population were under six years old. Effective literacy was 85.27%; male literacy was 88.09% and female literacy was 82.09%.
Amritsar municipality had a population of 1,132,761 and the urban agglomeration had a population of 1,183,705. The municipality had a sex ratio of 879 females per 1,000 males and 9.7% of the population were under six years old. Effective literacy was 85.27%; male literacy was 88.09% and female literacy was 82.09%. The scheduled caste population is 28.8%
RELIGION
Sikhism is the most practised religion of Amritsar district with 71.91% of the total population being Sikh.The second largest religion is Hinduism with 26.03% of the citizens identifying themselves as Hindus. However, according to 2011 census, the city of Amritsar is Hindu majority with 49.4% of the city being Hindu and 48% being Sikhs. In Amritsar city, Islam is followed by 0.51% and Christianity by 1.23%. Around 0.20% of the population of the city stated 'No Particular Religion' or another religion.
WIKIPEDIA
Jallianwala Bagh (Punjabi: ਜਲ੍ਹਿਆਂਵਾਲਾ ਬਾਗ਼, Hindi: जलियांवाला बाग़) is a public garden in Amritsar in the Punjab province of India, and houses a memorial of national importance, established in 1951 to commemorate the murder of peaceful celebrators on the occasion of the Punjabi New Year on April 13, 1919 in the Jallianwala Bagh Massacre. Official British Raj sources placed the fatalities at 379, and with 1100 wounded.[1] Civil Surgeon Dr. Smith indicated that there were 1,526 casualties.[2] The true figures of fatalities are unknown, but are likely to be higher than the official figure of 379.
@ChiranjeeviJetty #ChiranjeeviJetty #SriGhatiSubramanya #temple #blessed #happydays
#HISTORY OF THE #MOVEMENT #LEADING TO THE #VIDURASHWATHA #TRAGEDY
#Vidurashwatha, a sleepy village in the then unified #Chikkaballapur district of Old Mysore state, carved a niche in the annals of national struggle for #independence during the Gandhian phase. On April 25, 1938 a shocking incident, something like an abridged version of #Jallianwala Bagh Massacre, took place here killing thirty two people and injuring many in the indiscriminate firing resorted to by the police. The village thus came to be known as the #Jallianwala Bagh of Karnataka. This tragic incident embedded with political dimension caused vibrant changes significant enough to strengthen the struggle for #independence in the princely state of #Mysore. It also vigorously vocalized the demand for Responsible Government which convinced the reluctant #Gandhi to intervene and find a solution acceptable for both the #Congress and the Mysore administration.
The conflict with the British started in this part of Carnatic as early as 1768 by the annexation of Kolar and Mulbagal areas by the East India Company’s forces. The alien domination was stoutly opposed by Haider Ali who trounced them reclaiming his command over these areas and later losing it to the enemy. The wars between the British and Haider Ali and later his son Tipu Siltan went on for more than three decades. Kolar area thus became one of the prominent sites of bitter conflicts in the South to check the British out from the native land.
After the fall of Tipu Sultan in the 1799 battle the principality of Mysore was brought under the supremacy of British East India Company and the King was humbled to sign the Subsidiary Alliance Treaty. As the king bound by the treaty had to be loyal to the core to their British masters so were the subjects to their king. Though struggles had surfaced in the northern part of the Kannada Country which was part of British-India (the British Karnataka) during both the Tilak-phase and the earlier Gandhian phase of the Movement, Old Mysore region, verily a buffer state (consisting of eight districts: Bangalore, Chitradurga, Hassan, Kadur, Kolar, Mysore, Shimoga and Tumkur) did not see much of activity against the British rule during this period. The congress-line activities were limited to a few elite groups in some urban centers. Moreover the National Congress following the advice of Gandhi had decided not to encourage its aggressive activities beyond the provinces directly ruled by the British. The Movement therefore was not so much impressive in the areas ruled by the native kings. However the activities of the non-Brahmin leaders in Old Mysore region did exist in the form of mobilizing the masses for social justice sans any pivotal political agenda. It was only in 1917 Praja-Mitra Mandali emerged as the first political party in the princely Mysore.
In 1934, sinking their differences Praja-Mitra Mandali and its sibling Praja-paksha formed the United Mysore Praja Party (Mysore Peoples’ Federation) to demand for Responsible Government, and equal representation to all castes both in administration and governance. Nevertheless it also demonstrated its earnestness to propagate the aims and ideals of the congress. The Provincial Congress Committee which on
the other hand had come into existence officially in 1930 (‘Tilak Association’ prior to that, and engaged in public celebration of Ganapati festival and Tilak’s birthday) became actively engaged in Gandhian programmes like temperance, removal of untouchability, communal harmony, popularization of Khadhi etc. aimed at arousing some form of national consciousness among the people. While the congress outfit was striving to visualize national freedom it was unable to give a definite shape to it in the province. The non-congress outfit on the other hand stood for the aspirations of democratic autonomy and was working out a non-#Brahmin (which was also non-dalit) caste consolidation.
#Gandhi’s journey in the region in 1927 and 1934 had instilled ...
@chiranjeevijetty @chiranjeevijety #Chiranjeevijetty #india #indiannatioalcongress #indianyouthcongress
.
. . . .
. · ~ .
. .·.
-· .
S!S Placemer.t Cell .
N.ore r omputer With I nternet Facilities .
.
More Scholarships .
re r-fostels & Classrooms .
o,.e Books .
'ell Maintained Commonroom & Sanitation .
:n SIS .
;-.;-p~~-t :1'\ of Canteen facilities in SIS .
.
ings in every semester .
of North-east club and .
.
Date: 16.04.2007 (Today).
Elect!!! .
Ti me: 9 :30PM.
.
Su[]rt!! .
Venue : Tapti Mess .
.
~J: :ru .
All Are Invited! .
Fo 1r SIS Councillor .
F end~ 16 /04/200? For the last few months Singur and Nandigram have become bywords for the Left Front Government In West Bengal s .
e gn ot terror and crony capitalism. While Singur, which was at one time the second most ~erti le and, ag~iculturally productive administrative block in undivided Bengal, was chosen for a Tata Motors car factory dlsregardmg the Ob)ectiOns of t~e locals and the farmers who owned and cultivated the land, Nandlgram was chosen to be handed over for SEZ to the Sal1m Group of Indonesa. In both cases, there was no attempt at understanding the causes of objections, ~o attempt to address the gnevances .
1.
of ocals and farmers and no attempts to take Into consideration the views of experts on agnculture, economics etc. apart frorn a .
f . s cophants. Instead, the focus was always on police action and use of CPI(M) activists to oust the farmers from their land and t over, purportedly for Industrialisation. In both cases, the government refused to make public the terms of the deal,.
1.
_ leildlng to suspicion, confirmed in some cases that the Industrial groups were being given away all this land on throwaway.
5 with special in-built subsidies thus defrauding the public exchequer for private good. All cntlcs of the land grab were .
_ ;;; '~anted as anti-Industrialisation though the opponents repeatedly clarified tt'lat they were not against industry, not even .
.
e Tatas and Sallms but were criticising the choice of land and the mod s operandi or the land handover. 25th Septeml>er 2006 and 2nd December 2006 will go down as blac~ days in th~ history of West Bengal as on bot11 _. s police was unlenshed on unsuspecting and peacefully protesting peasants In Singur and the extent of the pol;ce .
·ook protestors :;~s well as media and others by surprise. The 2 nd Den'mber oper~on was particularly brutal as police ed by CPI(M) cadre in police uniform and they entered each and t very house~d in Singur to beat up peasants Nomen, children and old people. In fact all peasants in Sinour from age 7 to 90 were brutally beaten by police witll .
ew days after this 1nc.Jent, to teach the protesters a lesson, a yoL ng 18-year old girl who was active among ttle _ s:ers, Tapasi Malik, was raped and killed by the CPI(M). .
·iaking a lessor. from what happened in Slngur, the people of Nandigram understa ndably got agitated w11en, 111 ber 2006, a notice from the Hal~la Development Authority (HDA) WciS issued to the village panchayats ask1ng for s tlon of laJ'd to be handed over to the Sallms. The people of Nandlgrarn hlock cut off the approach roads leading to the1r _ges fearing a Sinyur-like attack on them by the CPI(M) and the state polic". Giving vent to tl1elr action against the CPI(M) DA Chairman Lakshman Seth, they ransacked the local CPI(M) off1ce holding them responsible for the acqu isition notice. sed at this open defiance of the CPI(~I) In West Bengal, veteran Commu1 1st leaders like Benoy Konar made open threats ~ sa ·ements to inc;te reprisals. Konar on 6 th January 2007 stated that our offi ce has been attacked and we have to take _.en ve cant let this go unpunished. On 7th January 2007 Nandigram was attacked by the CPI(M) cadre and pollee and six er~ were killed in the c-rtack. There was unprecedented violence and arson and lnspite of the presence of the pol lee behind .
.
c: CPI(M) cadre were unable to 'capture' and hold on to Nandlgram in the face of the united resistance of the people. Faced .
.
.
: s violence, Chief Minister Buddhadeb Bhattacl1arjee apparently backtracked and declared that the notice should be torn ~ d sa1d that there would be no land acquisition if the people of Nandigram did not want it. Howevr>r ;nspite of tl-te CM's slakment, the Salim group spokesman P ,1sun Mukll qee reiterated that the p1 OJect Wd'; """ ll nn nnrl tile I IDA Ch<Jirman L<Jksl1n1Lln Seth a i d >finitely !.Ct upl 1\ft r " rdlm and lllil llltenance of status quo for more than two months, on 1 stated IJy the Villagers though the team could not corroborate it i'ldependently) are still missing. This mass murder has n lltened to the Left Front Gover~ment's Jallianwala Bagh. The official version says 14 people have been killed though "'pendf'nt reports say at least 50 have been Killed. Nand1gram an~ Singur today sympolises the brutal repressive measures the Communist Government can take 111 .
.
.
~s1on~1th the UPA 1n t~e centre to please the capitalists' forces at tne cost of hapless poor peasantry. While the protesti ng _ s ar .. offered bullets 1n a most merciless mdnner, the UPA shamelessly chooses to proceed with its policies of SEZs --s;:n::,g m snatch. fertilz ~nd cultivabl~ lands of the poor farmers. While SFI on the campus seeks to don a pro-worke; .
b a~~le ~V protestm~ agaan!'lt Hooda m l~U for Its repressive policies against Hero Honda workers, It Is shamefully ac sng .'ts mast ers 10 We!>t B.::ngal ~ho m a ~ost oppressive and inhuman manner force the workers of Hlndustan otors In Kolkata to end their stnke by takmg repressive police actions. Tile communist killings In Nandigram Is .
oe _ Jntscent of the way the communist regimes all over the wor1d have used military force to crush the genu111e peopiec' .
,ernent all over tl1e world. While farmers are committing suicides in large numbers in Mahar<lshtra and Andhra Pradesh 1~1 .
a~;c f Benga l P~IJC: bdullets and CPM cadres kll! them. We appeal to the student comm unity to stand united against til r p1·5~1ve ' armcr, an 1-s,u ent, ant1 worker and ant1 people po!1C1es of the UPA-Communist combme. -.
(]3/iarat ?rtata 'l(j Jai! o/antfemataram!! .
Sd/-Amit Sinqh, President, ABVP, JNU. Sd/-Manoj Kumar, Vice-President, ABVP, JNU. .
.
.
.
WIKI: April 13, 1919, 90 British Indian Army soldiers under the command of Brigadier-General Reginald Dyer opened fire on an unarmed gathering of men, women and children. The firing lasted about 10 minutes.[citation needed] Official British Raj sources placed the fatalities at 379, and with 1100 wounded