View allAll Photos Tagged Involvement,
The Los Angeles Fire Department said that eight persons were injured, one seriously, in a three vehicle crash involving a transit bus in Woodland Hills on June 2, 2012. © Photo by Juan Guerra
Photo: POH
Portraits of Hope's massive public art and civic project – involving more than 20,000 kids, adults and volunteers – that visually transformed Manhattan. By recruiting and utilizing more than 5,400 fully operational NYC taxis to participate in the unprecedented 4-month exhibition, the cabs and city streets of New York were transformed into a giant mobile canvas. The unprecedented event integrated two key characteristics that define the City: the saturation of the iconic taxis; and the vertical physicality of Manhattan. www.portraitsofhope.org
Garden in Transit -- A Portraits of Hope Project
Portraits of Hope's NYC Public Art and Civic Project -- NYC Taxis
Conceived and Developed by Ed Massey and Bernie Massey, Founders of Portraits of Hope
5,400+ New York City Taxis
23,000 Children and Adults
200+ Participating Schools, Hospitals, and NYC institutions
700,000 Sq. ft. of paintings
Youth and Program Sessions in NY, CA, NJ, OH, GA, PA
Project-based learning: interdisciplinary contemporary issues and civic education and leadership sessions for schools, grades 2 -12
Creative therapy sessions for hospitalized children and persons with disabilities; including cancer, orthopedic ailments, burn trauma, brain and neck injuries, and other serious conditions
10-month program and collaborative phase
4-month New York City public art exhibition
Youth sessions and exhibition in Brooklyn, Bronx, Manhattan, Queens, Staten Island
Portraits of Hope rings NASDAQ opening bell
Special thank you to Helen Bing and Peter Bing, Vornado Realty, Hotel Pennsylvania, MACtac, Empire Blue Cross/Blue Shield
Port Authority of New York and New Jersey
Cordelia Corporation, Veriflora, Wooster Paint Company, Jenner & Block, Purdy-Bessemer Holdings, FedEx, Hudson River Park Trust, Susan Kohlmann, Debbie and Hal Jacobs, Nazdar, Abbot & Abbot Box Corp. AAA Flag & Banner, Bruce and Nancy Newberg Family Fund, Pillsbury Sutro Shaw Pittman, Davidow Charitable Fund, Joleen and Mitch Julis, Armstrong Nickoll Family Foundation, Polo Ralph Lauren Foundation, Ore Hill Partners LLC, Time Warner, Building Maintenance Services LLC, PTG Event Services, FedEx, NASDAQ
Consumers Energy employees before the February 4, 2012 Walk for Warmth in Mt. Pleasant, Michigan coordinated by EightCAP, Inc.
Photo: POH
Portraits of Hope's massive public art and civic project – involving more than 20,000 kids, adults and volunteers – that visually transformed Manhattan. By recruiting and utilizing more than 5,400 fully operational NYC taxis to participate in the unprecedented 4-month exhibition, the cabs and city streets of New York were transformed into a giant mobile canvas. The unprecedented event integrated two key characteristics that define the City: the saturation of the iconic taxis; and the vertical physicality of Manhattan. www.portraitsofhope.org
Garden in Transit -- A Portraits of Hope Project
Portraits of Hope's NYC Public Art and Civic Project -- NYC Taxis
Conceived and Developed by Ed Massey and Bernie Massey, Founders of Portraits of Hope
5,400+ New York City Taxis
23,000 Children and Adults
200+ Participating Schools, Hospitals, and NYC institutions
700,000 Sq. ft. of paintings
Youth and Program Sessions in NY, CA, NJ, OH, GA, PA
Project-based learning: interdisciplinary contemporary issues and civic education and leadership sessions for schools, grades 2 -12
Creative therapy sessions for hospitalized children and persons with disabilities; including cancer, orthopedic ailments, burn trauma, brain and neck injuries, and other serious conditions
10-month program and collaborative phase
4-month New York City public art exhibition
Youth sessions and exhibition in Brooklyn, Bronx, Manhattan, Queens, Staten Island
Portraits of Hope rings NASDAQ opening bell
Special thank you to Helen Bing and Peter Bing, Vornado Realty, Hotel Pennsylvania, MACtac, Empire Blue Cross/Blue Shield
Port Authority of New York and New Jersey
Cordelia Corporation, Veriflora, Wooster Paint Company, Jenner & Block, Purdy-Bessemer Holdings, FedEx, Hudson River Park Trust, Susan Kohlmann, Debbie and Hal Jacobs, Nazdar, Abbot & Abbot Box Corp. AAA Flag & Banner, Bruce and Nancy Newberg Family Fund, Pillsbury Sutro Shaw Pittman, Davidow Charitable Fund, Joleen and Mitch Julis, Armstrong Nickoll Family Foundation, Polo Ralph Lauren Foundation, Ore Hill Partners LLC, Time Warner, Building Maintenance Services LLC, PTG Event Services, FedEx, NASDAQ
Jasmine Griggley (left) speaks with Harnsar Wongsapan during the UIS Spring Involvement Expo. Griggley was there representing the Spirit Team and Wongsapan was representing the Japanime group. The Involvement Expo provides an opportunity for students to learn how they can get involved on campus.
NRC volunteers judge projects for a special NRC award at the 2009 Montgomery County area science fair held at the University of Maryland.
Visit the Nuclear Regulatory Commission's website at www.nrc.gov/.
To comment on this photo go to public-blog.nrc-gateway.gov/2012/04/01/nrc-moves-its-publ....
The biggest joke from my students usually involves them saying something to do with swimming in the Minjiang River. They laugh so hard! It's like the best joke ever. The reason being that it's horrible! Completely a bad idea to get in there and swim once never mind on a regular basis!! These fellas do it so often they have a little area. some guy must have brought the flag too!! Minjiang River is horrible, last week we saw a dead sheep floating downstream, And the other week a cat! People just throw everything and anything into it. I would not like to join these guys, even if they do ahve a flag!
A study involving espalier walnuts looks to see better and efficient ways to harvest and collect walnuts.
Late spring at the Horticulture and Agroforestry Research Center in New Franklin, Mo. HARC, sits at the interface of the loess hills and Missouri River bottom and provides a scenic, historic and scientific setting for development of horticultural- and agroforestry-related studies. Interdisciplinary cooperation allows researchers from multiple disciplines, including entomology, plant pathology, horticulture, agronomy, animal science and agroforestry, to combine research efforts to address an array of issues. Integrated studies of crop, livestock and forestry practices are occurring, as is the development of superior lines for timber and nut meat production. The Flood Tolerance Laboratory and Zone Six Arboretum are located there.
Photo by Kyle Spradley | © 2014 - Curators of the University of Missouri
A particularly revealing example of the conflict between Greeks and Macedonians for control of all that Alexander the Great has come to symbolize involves a bust that stands at the corner of Logan and Danforth Avenues in the centre of Toronto’s Greek community. The square is surrounded by Greek shops and businesses with signs that read, “Nick the Greek Cafe,” “Lord Byron’s Men’s Hair Styling,” and “Alexandros’ Take Out: Chicken, Souvlaki, Subs, and Burgers.”
Although immigrants from southern Greece living in Toronto wanted to present the city with a bust of Theodore Kolokotronis, a hero fo the Greek War of Independence of 1821, Greek-Macedonians with the support of the Greek consulate in Toronto insisted that Alexander the Great was a much more appropriate choice. In May 1990, therefore, a bust of Alexander was commissioned at a cost of $80,000, erected, and then donated to the city of Toronto by the Pan-Macedonian Association of Ontario and the Greek Community of Metro Toronto.
Controversy immediately arose over the wording of the placque that was placed on the base of the statue. The Macedonian community of Toronto objected to the description of Alexander as “King of the Greeks”; they argued that the placque should read “Alexander, King of the Macedonians.” Then the United Macedonians received permission from the mayor’s office to lay a wreath at the statue on July 29, 1990, the 2,346th anniversary of the birth of Alexander the Great. The Macedonian-Canadian Human Rights Committee, however, disapproved of this wreath-layomg cremony on the grounds that ot was unnecessarily provocative.
When the United Macedonians arrived at the corner of Logan and Danforth Avenues to lay their wreath at the foot of the statue, they were confronted by a group of Greek-Macedonians from the Pan-Macedonian Association of Ontario, who had learned in advance of the Macedonians’ plans and had come to prevent them from performing their ceremony. With their bodies wrapped in blue and white Greek flags, the Greek-Macedonians formed a human wall around the statue. As the Macedonians approached, a fight broke out that required the intervention of the Toronto police. When they were assured by the police that the Macedonians would not be allowed to lay their wreathat the statue, the Greek-Macedonians left.
According to reports in the Greek press the Greek community of Toronto had successfully prevented “any dirty hand” from “defiling” this statue of Alexander the Great, a “symbol of the unity and the fighting spirit of Hellenism.” The entire event had been “another golden page in the glorious history of the defense of all that is sacred and holy to the Fatherland.”
—“The Macedonian Conflict” by Loring M. Danforth, p.173
This is a High Dynamic Range panorama made from 21 handheld RAW bracketed photos stitched together with Hugin, then exported as three bracketed panoramas that were merged with Photomatix. Final cleanup was don with Aperture.
Location: Logan and Danforth Avenues, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
The Student Involvement Fair will was held on January 23, 2019. This event is designed to give students the opportunity to learn more about clubs and organizations at Ramapo College, while each club has an opportunity to advertise and enroll new members. Learn more about student clubs: www.ramapo.edu/clubs/
21st March 2015 saw Miles Continental ŠKODA's first involvement with the Coffee Culture Le Race. For us, the day itself was a culmination of 5 months of training with our very own 'ŠKODA Cycle Wave'. Along with the support of fellow local businesses, we trained together throughout the months and started the race itself as one.
At the end of the race, our guests had use of the ŠKODA tent, with lounge facilities and refreshments.
We really enjoyed the entire event and look forward to the next one.
Register your interest in joining us for next year's event: eepurl.com/39hoP
View more of our involvement on our website: www.milescontinental.co.nz/lerace
Thanks so much to our fellow sponsors of the Coffee Culture Le Race, particularly those awesome people that joined us for our group meetings and offered their sage advice (special mention to ŠKODA New Zealand and Alison Shanks!):
* Coffee Culture
* Specialized New Zealand
* The Press - www.press.co.nz
* Chain Reaction Cycles
* iHeartRadio
* Pure Sports Nutrition
* Akaroa 365 days of the Year
* Les Mills - New Zealand
* Tineli New Zealand
* Mackley Carriers Ltd
* Nature Valley Australia & New Zealand
* Lindauer
* TotalPos Solutions
* SMITH OPTICS NZ
* Dole Fresh New Zealand
* Photo & Video International
* Meadow Mushrooms
* Breads of Europe
* O'Neill Rentals
* MG Marketing
* Pasta Vera
* Moffatts Flower Company
* Interislander
* Global Adventure Guide
* Complete Performance Ltd
* Odlin Cycle Coaching
* Ronald McDonald House South Island
* 5 Passes Tour
* Cycling New Zealand
#LeRace
Please credit www.milescontinental.co.nz if using these photos.
The Student Involvement Fair will was held on January 23, 2019. This event is designed to give students the opportunity to learn more about clubs and organizations at Ramapo College, while each club has an opportunity to advertise and enroll new members. Learn more about student clubs: www.ramapo.edu/clubs/
The Mavis Seed joyous, energetic acoustic pop, folk, and gospel band live performances storytelling involving originality sincerity grounded humble refreshing reedy zined matt burnside sara dee
Title / Titre :
Camp etiquette involves shaving daily and putting on a tie when cleaning up after work at Eldorado Mining and Refining Ltd. /
Au camp de l’Eldorado Mining and Refining Ltd, il est de mise de se raser quotidiennement et de porter la cravate après le travail
Creator(s) / Créateur(s) : Eldorado Mining & Refining Ltd.
Date(s) : circa / vers 1930
Reference No. / Numéro de référence : ITEM 3375959
central.bac-lac.gc.ca/.redirect?app=fonandcol&id=3375...
Location / Lieu : Port Radium, Northwest Territories, Canada / Port Radium, Territoires-du-Nord-Ouest, Canada
Credit / Mention de source :
Eldorado Mining & Refining Ltd. Eldorado Nuclear Limited fonds. Library and Archives Canada, C-023984 /
Eldorado Mining & Refining Ltd. Fonds Eldorado Nuclear Limited. Bibliothèque et Archives Canada, C-023984
NRC Commission honors students and present special awards for projects that relate to the agency's work encouraging scientific exploration at NRC headquarters in Rockville, Md.,on April 16, 2009.
Visit the Nuclear Regulatory Commission's website at www.nrc.gov/.
To comment on this photo go to public-blog.nrc-gateway.gov/2012/04/01/nrc-moves-its-publ....
Photo: POH
Portraits of Hope's massive public art and civic project – involving more than 20,000 kids, adults and volunteers – that visually transformed Manhattan. By recruiting and utilizing more than 5,400 fully operational NYC taxis to participate in the unprecedented 4-month exhibition, the cabs and city streets of New York were transformed into a giant mobile canvas. The unprecedented event integrated two key characteristics that define the City: the saturation of the iconic taxis; and the vertical physicality of Manhattan. www.portraitsofhope.org
Garden in Transit -- A Portraits of Hope Project
Portraits of Hope's NYC Public Art and Civic Project -- NYC Taxis
Conceived and Developed by Ed Massey and Bernie Massey, Founders of Portraits of Hope
5,400+ New York City Taxis
23,000 Children and Adults
200+ Participating Schools, Hospitals, and NYC institutions
700,000 Sq. ft. of paintings
Youth and Program Sessions in NY, CA, NJ, OH, GA, PA
Project-based learning: interdisciplinary contemporary issues and civic education and leadership sessions for schools, grades 2 -12
Creative therapy sessions for hospitalized children and persons with disabilities; including cancer, orthopedic ailments, burn trauma, brain and neck injuries, and other serious conditions
10-month program and collaborative phase
4-month New York City public art exhibition
Youth sessions and exhibition in Brooklyn, Bronx, Manhattan, Queens, Staten Island
Portraits of Hope rings NASDAQ opening bell
Special thank you to Helen Bing and Peter Bing, Vornado Realty, Hotel Pennsylvania, MACtac, Empire Blue Cross/Blue Shield
Port Authority of New York and New Jersey
Cordelia Corporation, Veriflora, Wooster Paint Company, Jenner & Block, Purdy-Bessemer Holdings, FedEx, Hudson River Park Trust, Susan Kohlmann, Debbie and Hal Jacobs, Nazdar, Abbot & Abbot Box Corp. AAA Flag & Banner, Bruce and Nancy Newberg Family Fund, Pillsbury Sutro Shaw Pittman, Davidow Charitable Fund, Joleen and Mitch Julis, Armstrong Nickoll Family Foundation, Polo Ralph Lauren Foundation, Ore Hill Partners LLC, Time Warner, Building Maintenance Services LLC, PTG Event Services, FedEx, NASDAQ
21st March 2015 saw Miles Continental ŠKODA's first involvement with the Coffee Culture Le Race. For us, the day itself was a culmination of 5 months of training with our very own 'ŠKODA Cycle Wave'. Along with the support of fellow local businesses, we trained together throughout the months and started the race itself as one.
At the end of the race, our guests had use of the ŠKODA tent, with lounge facilities and refreshments.
We really enjoyed the entire event and look forward to the next one.
Register your interest in joining us for next year's event: eepurl.com/39hoP
View more of our involvement on our website: www.milescontinental.co.nz/lerace
Thanks so much to our fellow sponsors of the Coffee Culture Le Race, particularly those awesome people that joined us for our group meetings and offered their sage advice (special mention to ŠKODA New Zealand and Alison Shanks!):
* Coffee Culture
* Specialized New Zealand
* The Press - www.press.co.nz
* Chain Reaction Cycles
* iHeartRadio
* Pure Sports Nutrition
* Akaroa 365 days of the Year
* Les Mills - New Zealand
* Tineli New Zealand
* Mackley Carriers Ltd
* Nature Valley Australia & New Zealand
* Lindauer
* TotalPos Solutions
* SMITH OPTICS NZ
* Dole Fresh New Zealand
* Photo & Video International
* Meadow Mushrooms
* Breads of Europe
* O'Neill Rentals
* MG Marketing
* Pasta Vera
* Moffatts Flower Company
* Interislander
* Global Adventure Guide
* Complete Performance Ltd
* Odlin Cycle Coaching
* Ronald McDonald House South Island
* 5 Passes Tour
* Cycling New Zealand
#LeRace
Please credit www.milescontinental.co.nz if using these photos.
On September 5, 2018, the Student Involvement Fair and the Global Opportunities Fair showcased different clubs, Greek Life and international experiences that students could participate in while at Ramapo College. Representatives from more than 100 clubs and organizations were in attendance.
LEGAL DISCLAIMER: I Do Not Condone Any Acts Of Vandalism Nor Do I Participate In Such Criminal Activity. I Am Simply An Observant and Take Photos Of This Graffiti You Have Come Across. ALSO I Will Not Condone Any Usage Of My Photos To Support Any Legal Matter Involving These Acts Of Vandalism Therefore YOU ARE NOT WELCOME TO VIEW OR TAKE THIS MATERIAL For ANY Purpose...
SYLMAR - Los Angeles Firefighters quickly extinguished a non-injury fire involving a pickup truck parked in the 12900 block of Maclay Street early February 4, 2017. © Photo by Rick McClure
LAFD Incident: 020417-0057
Connect with us: LAFD.ORG | News | Facebook | Instagram | Reddit | Twitter: @LAFD @LAFDtalk
The Jackson Walk for Warmth took place in downtown Jackson, where the Consumers Energy Headquarters is located. Pictured, Patti Poppe, Vice President of Customer Experience and Operations (right), carries a Consumers Energy banner with other employees.
Plot: Alex Katz, Jessica (Detail), 2007 Anselm Kiefer, Merkaba (Detail), 2006 Georg Baselitz, Iris (Detail), 2009 Albertina - Sammlung Batliner
The Albertina
The architectural history of the Palais
(Pictures you can see by clicking on the link at the end of page!)
Image: The oldest photographic view of the newly designed Palais Archduke Albrecht, 1869
"It is my will that the expansion of the inner city of Vienna with regard to a suitable connection of the same with the suburbs as soon as possible is tackled and at this on Regulirung (regulation) and beautifying of my Residence and Imperial Capital is taken into account. To this end I grant the withdrawal of the ramparts and fortifications of the inner city and the trenches around the same".
This decree of Emperor Franz Joseph I, published on 25 December 1857 in the Wiener Zeitung, formed the basis for the largest the surface concerning and architecturally most significant transformation of the Viennese cityscape. Involving several renowned domestic and foreign architects a "master plan" took form, which included the construction of a boulevard instead of the ramparts between the inner city and its radially upstream suburbs. In the 50-years during implementation phase, an impressive architectural ensemble developed, consisting of imperial and private representational buildings, public administration and cultural buildings, churches and barracks, marking the era under the term "ring-street style". Already in the first year tithe decided a senior member of the Austrian imperial family to decorate the facades of his palace according to the new design principles, and thus certified the aristocratic claim that this also "historicism" said style on the part of the imperial house was attributed.
Image: The Old Albertina after 1920
It was the palace of Archduke Albrecht (1817-1895), the Senior of the Habsburg Family Council, who as Field Marshal held the overall command over the Austro-Hungarian army. The building was incorporated into the imperial residence of the Hofburg complex, forming the south-west corner and extending eleven meters above street level on the so-called Augustinerbastei.
The close proximity of the palace to the imperial residence corresponded not only with Emperor Franz Joseph I and Archduke Albert with a close familial relationship between the owner of the palace and the monarch. Even the former inhabitants were always in close relationship to the imperial family, whether by birth or marriage. An exception here again proves the rule: Don Emanuel Teles da Silva Conde Tarouca (1696-1771), for which Maria Theresa in 1744 the palace had built, was just a close friend and advisor of the monarch. Silva Tarouca underpins the rule with a second exception, because he belonged to the administrative services as Generalhofbaudirektor (general court architect) and President of the Austrian-Dutch administration, while all other him subsequent owners were highest ranking military.
In the annals of Austrian history, especially those of military history, they either went into as commander of the Imperial Army, or the Austrian, later kk Army. In chronological order, this applies to Duke Carl Alexander of Lorraine, the brother-of-law of Maria Theresa, as Imperial Marshal, her son-in-law Duke Albert of Saxe-Teschen, also field marshal, whos adopted son, Archduke Charles of Austria, the last imperial field marshal and only Generalissimo of Austria, his son Archduke Albrecht of Austria as Feldmarschalil and army Supreme commander, and most recently his nephew Archduke Friedrich of Austria, who held as field marshal from 1914 to 1916 the command of the Austro-Hungarian troops. Despite their military profession, all five generals conceived themselves as patrons of the arts and promoted large sums of money to build large collections, the construction of magnificent buildings and cultural life. Charles Alexander of Lorraine promoted as governor of the Austrian Netherlands from 1741 to 1780 the Academy of Fine Arts, the Théâtre de Ja Monnaie and the companies Bourgeois Concert and Concert Noble, he founded the Academie royale et imperial des Sciences et des Lettres, opened the Bibliotheque Royal for the population and supported artistic talents with high scholarships. World fame got his porcelain collection, which however had to be sold by Emperor Joseph II to pay off his debts. Duke Albert began in 1776 according to the concept of conte Durazzo to set up an encyclopedic collection of prints, which forms the core of the world-famous "Albertina" today.
Image : Duke Albert and Archduchess Marie Christine show in family cercle the from Italy brought along art, 1776. Frederick Henry Füger.
1816 declared to Fideikommiss and thus in future indivisible, inalienable and inseparable, the collection 1822 passed into the possession of Archduke Carl, who, like his descendants, it broadened. Under him, the collection was introduced together with the sumptuously equipped palace on the Augustinerbastei in the so-called "Carl Ludwig'schen fideicommissum in 1826, by which the building and the in it kept collection fused into an indissoluble unity. At this time had from the Palais Tarouca by structural expansion or acquisition a veritable Residenz palace evolved. Duke Albert of Saxe-Teschen was first in 1800 the third floor of the adjacent Augustinian convent wing adapted to house his collection and he had after 1802 by his Belgian architect Louis de Montoyer at the suburban side built a magnificent extension, called the wing of staterooms, it was equipped in the style of Louis XVI. Only two decades later, Archduke Carl the entire palace newly set up. According to scetches of the architect Joseph Kornhäusel the 1822-1825 retreaded premises presented themselves in the Empire style. The interior of the palace testified from now in an impressive way the high rank and the prominent position of its owner. Under Archduke Albrecht the outer appearance also should meet the requirements. He had the facade of the palace in the style of historicism orchestrated and added to the Palais front against the suburbs an offshore covered access. Inside, he limited himself, apart from the redesign of the Rococo room in the manner of the second Blondel style, to the retention of the paternal stock. Archduke Friedrich's plans for an expansion of the palace were omitted, however, because of the outbreak of the First World War so that his contribution to the state rooms, especially, consists in the layout of the Spanish apartment, which he in 1895 for his sister, the Queen of Spain Maria Christina, had set up as a permanent residence.
Picture: The "audience room" after the restoration: Picture: The "balcony room" around 1990
The era of stately representation with handing down their cultural values found its most obvious visualization inside the palace through the design and features of the staterooms. On one hand, by the use of the finest materials and the purchase of masterfully manufactured pieces of equipment, such as on the other hand by the permanent reuse of older equipment parts. This period lasted until 1919, when Archduke Friedrich was expropriated by the newly founded Republic of Austria. With the republicanization of the collection and the building first of all finished the tradition that the owner's name was synonymous with the building name:
After Palais Tarouca or tarokkisches house it was called Lorraine House, afterwards Duke Albert Palais and Palais Archduke Carl. Due to the new construction of an adjacently located administration building it received in 1865 the prefix "Upper" and was referred to as Upper Palais Archduke Albrecht and Upper Palais Archduke Frederick. For the state a special reference to the Habsburg past was certainly politically no longer opportune, which is why was decided to name the building according to the in it kept collection "Albertina".
Picture: The "Wedgwood Cabinet" after the restoration: Picture: the "Wedgwood Cabinet" in the Palais Archduke Friedrich, 1905
This name derives from the term "La Collection Albertina" which had been used by the gallery Inspector Maurice von Thausing in 1870 in the Gazette des Beaux-Arts for the former graphics collection of Duke Albert. For this reason, it was the first time since the foundation of the palace that the name of the collection had become synonymous with the room shell. Room shell, hence, because the Republic of Austria Archduke Friedrich had allowed to take along all the movable goods from the palace in his Hungarian exile: crystal chandeliers, curtains and carpets as well as sculptures, vases and clocks. Particularly stressed should be the exquisite furniture, which stems of three facilities phases: the Louis XVI furnitures of Duke Albert, which had been manufactured on the basis of fraternal relations between his wife Archduchess Marie Christine and the French Queen Marie Antoinette after 1780 in the French Hofmanufakturen, also the on behalf of Archduke Charles 1822-1825 in the Vienna Porcelain Manufactory by Joseph Danhauser produced Empire furnitures and thirdly additions of the same style of Archduke Friedrich, which this about 1900 at Portois & Ffix as well as at Friedrich Otto Schmidt had commissioned.
The "swept clean" building got due to the strained financial situation after the First World War initially only a makeshift facility. However, since until 1999 no revision of the emergency equipment took place, but differently designed, primarily the utilitarianism committed office furnitures complementarily had been added, the equipment of the former state rooms presented itself at the end of the 20th century as an inhomogeneous administrative mingle-mangle of insignificant parts, where, however, dwelt a certain quaint charm. From the magnificent state rooms had evolved depots, storage rooms, a library, a study hall and several officed.
Image: The Albertina Graphic Arts Collection and the Philipphof after the American bombing of 12 März 1945.
Image: The palace after the demolition of the entrance facade, 1948-52
Worse it hit the outer appearance of the palace, because in times of continued anti-Habsburg sentiment after the Second World War and inspired by an intolerant destruction will, it came by pickaxe to a ministerial erasure of history. In contrast to the graphic collection possessed the richly decorated facades with the conspicuous insignia of the former owner an object-immanent reference to the Habsburg past and thus exhibited the monarchial traditions and values of the era of Francis Joseph significantly. As part of the remedial measures after a bomb damage, in 1948 the aristocratic, by Archduke Albert initiated, historicist facade structuring along with all decorations was cut off, many facade figures demolished and the Hapsburg crest emblems plunged to the ground. Since in addition the old ramp also had been cancelled and the main entrance of the bastion level had been moved down to the second basement storey at street level, ended the presence of the old Archduke's palace after more than 200 years. At the reopening of the "Albertina Graphic Collection" in 1952, the former Hapsburg Palais of splendour presented itself as one of his identity robbed, formally trivial, soulless room shell, whose successful republicanization an oversized and also unproportional eagle above the new main entrance to the Augustinian road symbolized. The emocratic throw of monuments had wiped out the Hapsburg palace from the urban appeareance, whereby in the perception only existed a nondescript, nameless and ahistorical building that henceforth served the lodging and presentation of world-famous graphic collection of the Albertina. The condition was not changed by the decision to the refurbishment because there were only planned collection specific extensions, but no restoration of the palace.
Image: The palace after the Second World War with simplified facades, the rudiment of the Danubiusbrunnens (well) and the new staircase up to the Augustinerbastei
This paradigm shift corresponded to a blatant reversal of the historical circumstances, as the travel guides and travel books for kk Residence and imperial capital of Vienna dedicated itself primarily with the magnificent, aristocratic palace on the Augustinerbastei with the sumptuously fitted out reception rooms and mentioned the collection kept there - if at all - only in passing. Only with the repositioning of the Albertina in 2000 under the direction of Klaus Albrecht Schröder, the palace was within the meaning and in fulfillment of the Fideikommiss of Archduke Charles in 1826 again met with the high regard, from which could result a further inseparable bond between the magnificent mansions and the world-famous collection. In view of the knowing about politically motivated errors and omissions of the past, the facades should get back their noble, historicist designing, the staterooms regain their glamorous, prestigious appearance and culturally unique equippment be repurchased. From this presumption, eventually grew the full commitment to revise the history of redemption and the return of the stately palace in the public consciousness.
Image: The restored suburb facade of the Palais Albertina suburb
The smoothed palace facades were returned to their original condition and present themselves today - with the exception of the not anymore reconstructed Attica figures - again with the historicist decoration and layout elements that Archduke Albrecht had given after the razing of the Augustinerbastei in 1865 in order. The neoclassical interiors, today called after the former inhabitants "Habsburg Staterooms", receiving a meticulous and detailed restoration taking place at the premises of originality and authenticity, got back their venerable and sumptuous appearance. From the world wide scattered historical pieces of equipment have been bought back 70 properties or could be returned through permanent loan to its original location, by which to the visitors is made experiencable again that atmosphere in 1919 the state rooms of the last Habsburg owner Archduke Frederick had owned. The for the first time in 80 years public accessible "Habsburg State Rooms" at the Palais Albertina enable now again as eloquent testimony to our Habsburg past and as a unique cultural heritage fundamental and essential insights into the Austrian cultural history. With the relocation of the main entrance to the level of the Augustinerbastei the recollection to this so valuable Austrian Cultural Heritage formally and functionally came to completion. The vision of the restoration and recovery of the grand palace was a pillar on which the new Albertina should arise again, the other embody the four large newly built exhibition halls, which allow for the first time in the history of the Albertina, to exhibit the collection throughout its encyclopedic breadh under optimal conservation conditions.
Image: The new entrance area of the Albertina
64 meter long shed roof. Hans Hollein.
The palace presents itself now in its appearance in the historicist style of the Ringstrassenära, almost as if nothing had happened in the meantime. But will the wheel of time should not, cannot and must not be turned back, so that the double standards of the "Albertina Palace" said museum - on the one hand Habsburg grandeur palaces and other modern museum for the arts of graphics - should be symbolized by a modern character: The in 2003 by Hans Hollein designed far into the Albertina square cantilevering, elegant floating flying roof. 64 meters long, it symbolizes in the form of a dynamic wedge the accelerated urban spatial connectivity and public access to the palace. It advertises the major changes in the interior as well as the huge underground extensions of the repositioned "Albertina".
Christian Benedictine
Art historian with research interests History of Architecture, building industry of the Hapsburgs, Hofburg and Zeremonialwissenschaft (ceremonial sciences). Since 1990 he works in the architecture collection of the Albertina. Since 2000 he supervises as director of the newly founded department "Staterooms" the restoration and furnishing of the state rooms and the restoration of the facades and explores the history of the palace and its inhabitants.
~ 24.11.15 - 26.11.14 ~
#creative365_michmutters_2014
"Historical Sense Involves Perception" (version: heavy edit)
"The historical sense involves a perception, not only of the pastness of the past, but of its presence” ― T.S. Eliot
Procamera 8
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Image Blender
Stackables App
Camera Awesome
Photofx Ultra
VSCO cam
Student Involvement Fair at Crossley Softball Field, 19 September, 2020. Photography by Glenn Minshall.
I hate making blanket statements involving anything like the words 'Forever' or 'Never' but right now it feels like these are the core girls I'll have with me always.
1. Cookie-my most recent creation and very first tan girl. I just adore dressing her up!
2. Birdie!! Probably the sweestest sad girl ever and I'm a complete sucker for sad pouty girls! Marlon (dolls-kingdom) is an incredible artist, I just want to take Birdie everywhere with me. Plus my son named her so I could never part with her.
3. Starla,my darling Starla. Also one of my customs, I tend to fall too deeply and hard for my creations and this is a good example, but she's just so sweet and pretty and fun to photograph!
4. Bowie- I can't imagine ever giving up my punk rock girl because she's so freaking fun to photograph and make clothes for, but also because my dear friend Maggi created her especially for me. I hold Maggi so close to my heart and therefore Bowie gets to be a forever girl. <3
5. Fiametta-This girl is amazing made by the ever-so-talented Kris from Pink Anemone. She's so grumpy and fun to photograph, and the Unicornmine skinny scalp she's wearing is probably one of the most gorgeous skinnies i've seen.
6.Gertie!! stays because she makes me smile and she's my very first Blythe who I later customized myself.
7.Ursula-My husband got her base doll for me for our anniversary this year and I redid her and my friend Minda made her amazing mohair reroot and she's probably one of the more photographed of my dolls.
8.Cordelia- she's a forever girl because she's my vixen, she's been through many changes but she's so pretty and dark I have to keep her!
9.Oiseau-because she's so ethereal and soft. Her reroot by Blytheinwonderland is the softest hair i've ever felt.
10. This is the one I'm not totally sure about, right now I can't imagine selling her because I just finished customizing her, but I'm still pretty in love with her and she's a culmination of two of my favorite things to collect: Blythe and Tim Burton toys!
The sad, unfortunate chapter that involves Dear Paddington and cured pork belly.
Dearest readers. If you don’t have a tissue handy, please fetch one. This sad tale could bring tears to a glass eye.
Earlier this evening, Paddington asked me if he could borrow my car so he could go up to the grocer’s and get himself a jar of orange marmalade. I threw him the keys and reminded him, “You’re going to have to move the seat forward or your legs won’t reach the peddles.” As he was heading into the garage, I asked him, “Can you pick me up some bacon please? I haven’t had any forever.” [Note: I wanted American bacon made from pork belly. Not the overcooked sliced ham they eat in Canada, Oh Canada!]
Now, I had ASSuMEd that Paddington would grab me a standard 14oz (~400 g) package from the meat cooler. This did not happen. I now know that Paddington went up to the butcher counter and asked him for some hickory wood smoked, extremely thick hand-sliced bacon.
However, and most unfortunately, Paddington brought home 6 pounds (~2.72 kg) of extremely thick-sliced, hickory smoked American bacon. He had opened the butcher wrap and set up a nice presentation of it all upon my chopping block. He even asked Alamo Basement Fighting Texas A&M “Aggie” Ring to bring his riding spurs and pose upon the monstrously large pile of American bacon like a Greek God.
The three bear “Brain Trust” were all in attendance to witness my reaction — Darkest Peruvian Paddington, Little Texas A&M Aggie Trumpet Case Bear, and the only real English bear, Pooh Bear from the Hundred Acre Woods.
I was speechless. I was going to shout at Paddington for bringing ~2.72 kg of delicious, hickory-smoked, very thick sliced American bacon home. However, I took a deep, deep breath and remembered to myself that one should never shout at a little bear and that I should have been more specific in my instructions to Paddington about the weight I needed for him to procure and “bring home the bacon.” After all, English isn’t Paddington’s first, or even second, language (Bear language, Spanish, and finally English). This embarrassment of bacon riches was totally and absolutely my fault for not being clear in Paddington’s third language.
When it comes to extremely thick sliced, hickory-smoked American bacon, I won’t be approaching the Board of Governors in the East End of London and saying, “Please Sir, may I have more?” Like Oliver Twist at the workhouse.
I did however, tell Paddington that he was going to have to prep the bacon for cooking. Pooh Bear, of the Hundred Acre Woods said, “Sir, Christoper Robin told me that once a package of bacon is opened it must be cooked and consumed within a couple of days.” Pooh, a bear of little brain, was correct. Cooked bacon is only really good for up to three days of being stored in the refrigerator.
Now, like any sane person who can cook and understands the physics of bacon, I only cook bacon in the oven unless there are zombies coming to get me and I have to use a pan in an emergency.
“Please prep the bacon for the oven.” I told Alamo Basement Texas Aggie Ring, Paddington Bear of Darkest Peru, Little Texas Aggie Trumpet Case Bear, and Pooh Bear of the Hundred Acre Woods. “I need a drink.”
About half an hour later, I returned to see what the three-bear “Brain Trust” had done. They had taken two 1/2 sheet cake pans, lined them with Al-LU-Minimum foil, and placed strips of the bacon on baking racks within the two pans.
They had taken one tray, covered the hickory-smoked, extra thick sliced bacon with Mexican three-cheese blend. Then they placed sliced, pickled jalapeños on each slice. “Excellent!” I told the three little bears. This is what the defenders of the Alamo ate every morning before they went out to play golf and tennis every day.
The second 1/2 sheet cake pan surprised even myself. The “Three Little Bears” had taken shredded white cheese, spread it around all that delicious bacon, and placed two pineapple wedges upon each slice. “That’s odd…” I thought to myself. “I’d normally only do that with Spam™.”
I placed the two trays of all of that bacon into the oven and poured myself a drink. When it was ready, I removed the trays from the oven and showed them to the bears. I really must say, both variants of the bacon turned out quite well. The white cheese pineapple roasted bacon was incredible and probably my favourite.
Now… This is my dilemma. I pulled one slice of the delicious bacon out during baking it to make sure it was time to pull. I also saved three slices of each for my own, personal consumption. I wasn’t born yesterday, so I know that this pile of delicious bacon must not remain in my home! I’d just eat it all.
Unlike all the beef jerky I make, I shan’t give any free bacon away. Can you, my dearest readers, imagine someone (even someone you knew) coming up to you and giving you bacon? NO!!! That’s the sign of a serial killer or a lunatic. People don’t want delicious craft, roasted bacon. Never, ever, ever…
My town picks up my dustbin tomorrow, so I could throw it all away. However that would be wasting delicious bacon. We have had an explosion of the possum population where I reside this year. The majestic possum will eat anything. Anything. I might start placing a few pieces upon the lawn each evening to feel the possums and save the planet.
FIN
Consumers Energy employees before the February 4, 2012 Walk for Warmth in Mt. Pleasant, Michigan coordinated by EightCAP, Inc.
On September 5, 2018, the Student Involvement Fair and the Global Opportunities Fair showcased different clubs, Greek Life and international experiences that students could participate in while at Ramapo College. Representatives from more than 100 clubs and organizations were in attendance.
A crew from KNWA stops by to shoot a brief interview with AHTD Public Information Officer Randy Ort.
Script:
U.P. Breaking News: K. I. Sawyer Latest KC-135 Emergency Landing/Raising Safety Concerns
The following exclusive information was not reported yet by Upper Peninsula TV stations and other media.
Many safety questions remain and a military plane is officially grounded after an emergency in the skies over Marquette County, Michigan on Tues. July 8, 2014
The emergency landing of a KC-135 refueling tanker is the latest in a series of similar hydraulic incidents involving the aging fleet of Milwaukee's 128th Air Refueling Wing, Upper Peninsula Breaking News has learned.
Veteran Investigative Reporter Greg Peterson has the story:
upperpeninsulabreakingnews.wordpress.com/2014/07/09/u-p-b...
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Essentially a flying gas station – this Air National Guard KC-135 is grounded – following an emergency that has happened at least 5 times in the past two years to KC 135 refueling tankers from the 128th Air Refueling Wing in Milwaukee.
That's right – at least 5 times in the past two years – a KC-135 from the 128th has developed hydraulic problems resulting in emergency landings at airports around the Midwest.
The tankers are all about 50 years old.
In fact in June 2013, a reporter for Milwaukee Television station WISN TV-12 investigated a rash of KC-135 emergency landings after hydraulic warning.
Upper Peninsula Breaking News called the 128th's public affairs office to verify this important safety problem.
With overcast skies, the three-member crew of this KC-135 declared a hydraulic emergency:
Chief Don Hutchens, Forsyth Township Volunteer Fire Department:
Emergency officials from across Marquette County responded to the plane's call for help – fearing it might crash while landing – which would have been catastrophic.
The KC -135 was among several planes from the 128th Refueling Wing that have been practicing touch and goes on K.I. Sawyer's long runways.
Now the Marquette County Airport, the once vibrant K.I. Sawyer Air Force Base was a Strategic Air Command base – constantly on alert - with bomber crews ready to fly in moments.
This reporter has had the pleasure of riding on two KC-135 Refueling Tankers – as show in this photo when I worked at WLUC TV-6 in Marquette.
We refueled F-16 Jets over Lake Huron.
Then this reporter became one of only a handful of civilians to ride aboard a B-52 Bomber – this while I did features stories for the Mining Journal newspaper.
I was given this official coin of the Sawyer bomber wing and a patch – after as 12-hour flight that included Fourth of July Parades and an airshow in Grand Rapids.
This reporter hopes the officials at Milwaukee's 128th Air Refueling Wing get to the bottom of this hydraulic issues before there is a tragedy – as the large number of emergencies on this flying gas station is scary to all involved.
Greg Peterson, Upper Peninsula Breaking News
Milwaukee's 128th Air Refueling Wing
Public Affairs Office
414-944-8715
128 HQ/Public Affairs
mailto:128HQ.PublicAffairs@ang.af.mil
Milwaukee's 128th Air Refueling Wing on Facebook
Wikipedia
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/128th_Air_Refueling_Wing
Forsyth Township Volunteer Fire Department; Forsyth Township Police department
www.forsythtwpmi.org/FT%20POLICE%20DEPT.htm
Local News Coverage
abc10up.com/air-national-guard-plane-makes-emergency-land...
www.upmatters.com/story/d/story/news/15079/3fYz_NNJ0kmTs-...
www.uppermichiganssource.com/news/story.aspx?id=1067608
WISN TV-12 Investigation in June 2013:
Emergency landing prompts questions about KC-135 safety
Hydraulic problems lead to 4th in-flight emergency
June 19, 2013
www.wisn.com/news/south-east-wisconsin/milwaukee/emergenc...
www.wisn.com/news/south-east-wisconsin/milwaukee/emergenc...
www.wisn.com/news/south-east-wisconsin/milwaukee/emergenc...
Military plane makes emergency landing in Indiana
www.wisn.com/news/south-east-wisconsin/milwaukee/Military...
A plane from Milwaukee's 128th Air Refueling Wing of the Wisconsin Air National Guard is grounded and undergoing repairs after an in-flight emergency Tuesday.
For the fourth time in two months a KC-135 from Milwaukee makes an emergency landing, this time in Indiana.
The flight crew lost control of the hydraulic system and made an emergency landing in Indiana.
It's the fourth in-flight emergency in recent weeks involving four KC-135 refueling tankers.
Each of the planes is about 50 years old, which has some wondering if the aging aircraft are as safe as they should be.
Upper Peninsula Breaking News
U.P. Breaking News
Gmail:
UpperPeninsulaBreakingNews@gmail.com
Wordpress:
upperpeninsulabreakingnews.wordpress.com
youtube:
www.youtube.com/UPBreakingNews
www.youtube.com/watch?v=tocLjvEslBA
Facebook:
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Twitter:
Greg Peterson
@UPBreakingNews
flickr
Taken for JMU Technology & Design by Lauren Telinde. All rights reserved. No usage without permission.
Graffiti (plural; singular graffiti or graffito, the latter rarely used except in archeology) is art that is written, painted or drawn on a wall or other surface, usually without permission and within public view. Graffiti ranges from simple written words to elaborate wall paintings, and has existed since ancient times, with examples dating back to ancient Egypt, ancient Greece, and the Roman Empire (see also mural).
Graffiti is a controversial subject. In most countries, marking or painting property without permission is considered by property owners and civic authorities as defacement and vandalism, which is a punishable crime, citing the use of graffiti by street gangs to mark territory or to serve as an indicator of gang-related activities. Graffiti has become visualized as a growing urban "problem" for many cities in industrialized nations, spreading from the New York City subway system and Philadelphia in the early 1970s to the rest of the United States and Europe and other world regions
"Graffiti" (usually both singular and plural) and the rare singular form "graffito" are from the Italian word graffiato ("scratched"). The term "graffiti" is used in art history for works of art produced by scratching a design into a surface. A related term is "sgraffito", which involves scratching through one layer of pigment to reveal another beneath it. This technique was primarily used by potters who would glaze their wares and then scratch a design into them. In ancient times graffiti were carved on walls with a sharp object, although sometimes chalk or coal were used. The word originates from Greek γράφειν—graphein—meaning "to write".
The term graffiti originally referred to the inscriptions, figure drawings, and such, found on the walls of ancient sepulchres or ruins, as in the Catacombs of Rome or at Pompeii. Historically, these writings were not considered vanadlism, which today is considered part of the definition of graffiti.
The only known source of the Safaitic language, an ancient form of Arabic, is from graffiti: inscriptions scratched on to the surface of rocks and boulders in the predominantly basalt desert of southern Syria, eastern Jordan and northern Saudi Arabia. Safaitic dates from the first century BC to the fourth century AD.
Some of the oldest cave paintings in the world are 40,000 year old ones found in Australia. The oldest written graffiti was found in ancient Rome around 2500 years ago. Most graffiti from the time was boasts about sexual experiences Graffiti in Ancient Rome was a form of communication, and was not considered vandalism.
Ancient tourists visiting the 5th-century citadel at Sigiriya in Sri Lanka write their names and commentary over the "mirror wall", adding up to over 1800 individual graffiti produced there between the 6th and 18th centuries. Most of the graffiti refer to the frescoes of semi-nude females found there. One reads:
Wet with cool dew drops
fragrant with perfume from the flowers
came the gentle breeze
jasmine and water lily
dance in the spring sunshine
side-long glances
of the golden-hued ladies
stab into my thoughts
heaven itself cannot take my mind
as it has been captivated by one lass
among the five hundred I have seen here.
Among the ancient political graffiti examples were Arab satirist poems. Yazid al-Himyari, an Umayyad Arab and Persian poet, was most known for writing his political poetry on the walls between Sajistan and Basra, manifesting a strong hatred towards the Umayyad regime and its walis, and people used to read and circulate them very widely.
Graffiti, known as Tacherons, were frequently scratched on Romanesque Scandinavian church walls. When Renaissance artists such as Pinturicchio, Raphael, Michelangelo, Ghirlandaio, or Filippino Lippi descended into the ruins of Nero's Domus Aurea, they carved or painted their names and returned to initiate the grottesche style of decoration.
There are also examples of graffiti occurring in American history, such as Independence Rock, a national landmark along the Oregon Trail.
Later, French soldiers carved their names on monuments during the Napoleonic campaign of Egypt in the 1790s. Lord Byron's survives on one of the columns of the Temple of Poseidon at Cape Sounion in Attica, Greece.
The oldest known example of graffiti "monikers" found on traincars created by hobos and railworkers since the late 1800s. The Bozo Texino monikers were documented by filmmaker Bill Daniel in his 2005 film, Who is Bozo Texino?.
In World War II, an inscription on a wall at the fortress of Verdun was seen as an illustration of the US response twice in a generation to the wrongs of the Old World:
During World War II and for decades after, the phrase "Kilroy was here" with an accompanying illustration was widespread throughout the world, due to its use by American troops and ultimately filtering into American popular culture. Shortly after the death of Charlie Parker (nicknamed "Yardbird" or "Bird"), graffiti began appearing around New York with the words "Bird Lives".
Modern graffiti art has its origins with young people in 1960s and 70s in New York City and Philadelphia. Tags were the first form of stylised contemporary graffiti. Eventually, throw-ups and pieces evolved with the desire to create larger art. Writers used spray paint and other kind of materials to leave tags or to create images on the sides subway trains. and eventually moved into the city after the NYC metro began to buy new trains and paint over graffiti.
While the art had many advocates and appreciators—including the cultural critic Norman Mailer—others, including New York City mayor Ed Koch, considered it to be defacement of public property, and saw it as a form of public blight. The ‘taggers’ called what they did ‘writing’—though an important 1974 essay by Mailer referred to it using the term ‘graffiti.’
Contemporary graffiti style has been heavily influenced by hip hop culture and the myriad international styles derived from Philadelphia and New York City Subway graffiti; however, there are many other traditions of notable graffiti in the twentieth century. Graffiti have long appeared on building walls, in latrines, railroad boxcars, subways, and bridges.
An early graffito outside of New York or Philadelphia was the inscription in London reading "Clapton is God" in reference to the guitarist Eric Clapton. Creating the cult of the guitar hero, the phrase was spray-painted by an admirer on a wall in an Islington, north London in the autumn of 1967. The graffito was captured in a photograph, in which a dog is urinating on the wall.
Films like Style Wars in the 80s depicting famous writers such as Skeme, Dondi, MinOne, and ZEPHYR reinforced graffiti's role within New York's emerging hip-hop culture. Although many officers of the New York City Police Department found this film to be controversial, Style Wars is still recognized as the most prolific film representation of what was going on within the young hip hop culture of the early 1980s. Fab 5 Freddy and Futura 2000 took hip hop graffiti to Paris and London as part of the New York City Rap Tour in 1983
Commercialization and entrance into mainstream pop culture
Main article: Commercial graffiti
With the popularity and legitimization of graffiti has come a level of commercialization. In 2001, computer giant IBM launched an advertising campaign in Chicago and San Francisco which involved people spray painting on sidewalks a peace symbol, a heart, and a penguin (Linux mascot), to represent "Peace, Love, and Linux." IBM paid Chicago and San Francisco collectively US$120,000 for punitive damages and clean-up costs.
In 2005, a similar ad campaign was launched by Sony and executed by its advertising agency in New York, Chicago, Atlanta, Philadelphia, Los Angeles, and Miami, to market its handheld PSP gaming system. In this campaign, taking notice of the legal problems of the IBM campaign, Sony paid building owners for the rights to paint on their buildings "a collection of dizzy-eyed urban kids playing with the PSP as if it were a skateboard, a paddle, or a rocking horse".
Tristan Manco wrote that Brazil "boasts a unique and particularly rich, graffiti scene ... [earning] it an international reputation as the place to go for artistic inspiration". Graffiti "flourishes in every conceivable space in Brazil's cities". Artistic parallels "are often drawn between the energy of São Paulo today and 1970s New York". The "sprawling metropolis", of São Paulo has "become the new shrine to graffiti"; Manco alludes to "poverty and unemployment ... [and] the epic struggles and conditions of the country's marginalised peoples", and to "Brazil's chronic poverty", as the main engines that "have fuelled a vibrant graffiti culture". In world terms, Brazil has "one of the most uneven distributions of income. Laws and taxes change frequently". Such factors, Manco argues, contribute to a very fluid society, riven with those economic divisions and social tensions that underpin and feed the "folkloric vandalism and an urban sport for the disenfranchised", that is South American graffiti art.
Prominent Brazilian writers include Os Gêmeos, Boleta, Nunca, Nina, Speto, Tikka, and T.Freak. Their artistic success and involvement in commercial design ventures has highlighted divisions within the Brazilian graffiti community between adherents of the cruder transgressive form of pichação and the more conventionally artistic values of the practitioners of grafite.
Graffiti in the Middle East has emerged slowly, with taggers operating in Egypt, Lebanon, the Gulf countries like Bahrain or the United Arab Emirates, Israel, and in Iran. The major Iranian newspaper Hamshahri has published two articles on illegal writers in the city with photographic coverage of Iranian artist A1one's works on Tehran walls. Tokyo-based design magazine, PingMag, has interviewed A1one and featured photographs of his work. The Israeli West Bank barrier has become a site for graffiti, reminiscent in this sense of the Berlin Wall. Many writers in Israel come from other places around the globe, such as JUIF from Los Angeles and DEVIONE from London. The religious reference "נ נח נחמ נחמן מאומן" ("Na Nach Nachma Nachman Meuman") is commonly seen in graffiti around Israel.
Graffiti has played an important role within the street art scene in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA), especially following the events of the Arab Spring of 2011 or the Sudanese Revolution of 2018/19. Graffiti is a tool of expression in the context of conflict in the region, allowing people to raise their voices politically and socially. Famous street artist Banksy has had an important effect in the street art scene in the MENA area, especially in Palestine where some of his works are located in the West Bank barrier and Bethlehem.
There are also a large number of graffiti influences in Southeast Asian countries that mostly come from modern Western culture, such as Malaysia, where graffiti have long been a common sight in Malaysia's capital city, Kuala Lumpur. Since 2010, the country has begun hosting a street festival to encourage all generations and people from all walks of life to enjoy and encourage Malaysian street culture.
The modern-day graffitists can be found with an arsenal of various materials that allow for a successful production of a piece. This includes such techniques as scribing. However, spray paint in aerosol cans is the number one medium for graffiti. From this commodity comes different styles, technique, and abilities to form master works of graffiti. Spray paint can be found at hardware and art stores and comes in virtually every color.
Stencil graffiti is created by cutting out shapes and designs in a stiff material (such as cardboard or subject folders) to form an overall design or image. The stencil is then placed on the "canvas" gently and with quick, easy strokes of the aerosol can, the image begins to appear on the intended surface.
Some of the first examples were created in 1981 by artists Blek le Rat in Paris, in 1982 by Jef Aerosol in Tours (France); by 1985 stencils had appeared in other cities including New York City, Sydney, and Melbourne, where they were documented by American photographer Charles Gatewood and Australian photographer Rennie Ellis
Tagging is the practice of someone spray-painting "their name, initial or logo onto a public surface" in a handstyle unique to the writer. Tags were the first form of modern graffiti.
Modern graffiti art often incorporates additional arts and technologies. For example, Graffiti Research Lab has encouraged the use of projected images and magnetic light-emitting diodes (throwies) as new media for graffitists. yarnbombing is another recent form of graffiti. Yarnbombers occasionally target previous graffiti for modification, which had been avoided among the majority of graffitists.
Theories on the use of graffiti by avant-garde artists have a history dating back at least to the Asger Jorn, who in 1962 painting declared in a graffiti-like gesture "the avant-garde won't give up"
Many contemporary analysts and even art critics have begun to see artistic value in some graffiti and to recognize it as a form of public art. According to many art researchers, particularly in the Netherlands and in Los Angeles, that type of public art is, in fact an effective tool of social emancipation or, in the achievement of a political goal
In times of conflict, such murals have offered a means of communication and self-expression for members of these socially, ethnically, or racially divided communities, and have proven themselves as effective tools in establishing dialog and thus, of addressing cleavages in the long run. The Berlin Wall was also extensively covered by graffiti reflecting social pressures relating to the oppressive Soviet rule over the GDR.
Many artists involved with graffiti are also concerned with the similar activity of stenciling. Essentially, this entails stenciling a print of one or more colors using spray-paint. Recognized while exhibiting and publishing several of her coloured stencils and paintings portraying the Sri Lankan Civil War and urban Britain in the early 2000s, graffitists Mathangi Arulpragasam, aka M.I.A., has also become known for integrating her imagery of political violence into her music videos for singles "Galang" and "Bucky Done Gun", and her cover art. Stickers of her artwork also often appear around places such as London in Brick Lane, stuck to lamp posts and street signs, she having become a muse for other graffitists and painters worldwide in cities including Seville.
Graffitist believes that art should be on display for everyone in the public eye or in plain sight, not hidden away in a museum or a gallery. Art should color the streets, not the inside of some building. Graffiti is a form of art that cannot be owned or bought. It does not last forever, it is temporary, yet one of a kind. It is a form of self promotion for the artist that can be displayed anywhere form sidewalks, roofs, subways, building wall, etc. Art to them is for everyone and should be showed to everyone for free.
Graffiti is a way of communicating and a way of expressing what one feels in the moment. It is both art and a functional thing that can warn people of something or inform people of something. However, graffiti is to some people a form of art, but to some a form of vandalism. And many graffitists choose to protect their identities and remain anonymous or to hinder prosecution.
With the commercialization of graffiti (and hip hop in general), in most cases, even with legally painted "graffiti" art, graffitists tend to choose anonymity. This may be attributed to various reasons or a combination of reasons. Graffiti still remains the one of four hip hop elements that is not considered "performance art" despite the image of the "singing and dancing star" that sells hip hop culture to the mainstream. Being a graphic form of art, it might also be said that many graffitists still fall in the category of the introverted archetypal artist.
Banksy is one of the world's most notorious and popular street artists who continues to remain faceless in today's society. He is known for his political, anti-war stencil art mainly in Bristol, England, but his work may be seen anywhere from Los Angeles to Palestine. In the UK, Banksy is the most recognizable icon for this cultural artistic movement and keeps his identity a secret to avoid arrest. Much of Banksy's artwork may be seen around the streets of London and surrounding suburbs, although he has painted pictures throughout the world, including the Middle East, where he has painted on Israel's controversial West Bank barrier with satirical images of life on the other side. One depicted a hole in the wall with an idyllic beach, while another shows a mountain landscape on the other side. A number of exhibitions also have taken place since 2000, and recent works of art have fetched vast sums of money. Banksy's art is a prime example of the classic controversy: vandalism vs. art. Art supporters endorse his work distributed in urban areas as pieces of art and some councils, such as Bristol and Islington, have officially protected them, while officials of other areas have deemed his work to be vandalism and have removed it.
Pixnit is another artist who chooses to keep her identity from the general public. Her work focuses on beauty and design aspects of graffiti as opposed to Banksy's anti-government shock value. Her paintings are often of flower designs above shops and stores in her local urban area of Cambridge, Massachusetts. Some store owners endorse her work and encourage others to do similar work as well. "One of the pieces was left up above Steve's Kitchen, because it looks pretty awesome"- Erin Scott, the manager of New England Comics in Allston, Massachusetts.
Graffiti artists may become offended if photographs of their art are published in a commercial context without their permission. In March 2020, the Finnish graffiti artist Psyke expressed his displeasure at the newspaper Ilta-Sanomat publishing a photograph of a Peugeot 208 in an article about new cars, with his graffiti prominently shown on the background. The artist claims he does not want his art being used in commercial context, not even if he were to receive compensation.
Territorial graffiti marks urban neighborhoods with tags and logos to differentiate certain groups from others. These images are meant to show outsiders a stern look at whose turf is whose. The subject matter of gang-related graffiti consists of cryptic symbols and initials strictly fashioned with unique calligraphies. Gang members use graffiti to designate membership throughout the gang, to differentiate rivals and associates and, most commonly, to mark borders which are both territorial and ideological.
Graffiti has been used as a means of advertising both legally and illegally. Bronx-based TATS CRU has made a name for themselves doing legal advertising campaigns for companies such as Coca-Cola, McDonald's, Toyota, and MTV. In the UK, Covent Garden's Boxfresh used stencil images of a Zapatista revolutionary in the hopes that cross referencing would promote their store.
Smirnoff hired artists to use reverse graffiti (the use of high pressure hoses to clean dirty surfaces to leave a clean image in the surrounding dirt) to increase awareness of their product.
Graffiti often has a reputation as part of a subculture that rebels against authority, although the considerations of the practitioners often diverge and can relate to a wide range of attitudes. It can express a political practice and can form just one tool in an array of resistance techniques. One early example includes the anarcho-punk band Crass, who conducted a campaign of stenciling anti-war, anarchist, feminist, and anti-consumerist messages throughout the London Underground system during the late 1970s and early 1980s. In Amsterdam graffiti was a major part of the punk scene. The city was covered with names such as "De Zoot", "Vendex", and "Dr Rat". To document the graffiti a punk magazine was started that was called Gallery Anus. So when hip hop came to Europe in the early 1980s there was already a vibrant graffiti culture.
The student protests and general strike of May 1968 saw Paris bedecked in revolutionary, anarchistic, and situationist slogans such as L'ennui est contre-révolutionnaire ("Boredom is counterrevolutionary") and Lisez moins, vivez plus ("Read less, live more"). While not exhaustive, the graffiti gave a sense of the 'millenarian' and rebellious spirit, tempered with a good deal of verbal wit, of the strikers.
I think graffiti writing is a way of defining what our generation is like. Excuse the French, we're not a bunch of p---- artists. Traditionally artists have been considered soft and mellow people, a little bit kooky. Maybe we're a little bit more like pirates that way. We defend our territory, whatever space we steal to paint on, we defend it fiercely.
The developments of graffiti art which took place in art galleries and colleges as well as "on the street" or "underground", contributed to the resurfacing in the 1990s of a far more overtly politicized art form in the subvertising, culture jamming, or tactical media movements. These movements or styles tend to classify the artists by their relationship to their social and economic contexts, since, in most countries, graffiti art remains illegal in many forms except when using non-permanent paint. Since the 1990s with the rise of Street Art, a growing number of artists are switching to non-permanent paints and non-traditional forms of painting.
Contemporary practitioners, accordingly, have varied and often conflicting practices. Some individuals, such as Alexander Brener, have used the medium to politicize other art forms, and have used the prison sentences enforced on them as a means of further protest. The practices of anonymous groups and individuals also vary widely, and practitioners by no means always agree with each other's practices. For example, the anti-capitalist art group the Space Hijackers did a piece in 2004 about the contradiction between the capitalistic elements of Banksy and his use of political imagery.
Berlin human rights activist Irmela Mensah-Schramm has received global media attention and numerous awards for her 35-year campaign of effacing neo-Nazi and other right-wing extremist graffiti throughout Germany, often by altering hate speech in humorous ways.
In Serbian capital, Belgrade, the graffiti depicting a uniformed former general of Serb army and war criminal, convicted at ICTY for war crimes and crimes against humanity, including genocide and ethnic cleansing in Bosnian War, Ratko Mladić, appeared in a military salute alongside the words "General, thank to your mother". Aleks Eror, Berlin-based journalist, explains how "veneration of historical and wartime figures" through street art is not a new phenomenon in the region of former Yugoslavia, and that "in most cases is firmly focused on the future, rather than retelling the past". Eror is not only analyst pointing to danger of such an expressions for the region's future. In a long expose on the subject of Bosnian genocide denial, at Balkan Diskurs magazine and multimedia platform website, Kristina Gadže and Taylor Whitsell referred to these experiences as a young generations' "cultural heritage", in which young are being exposed to celebration and affirmation of war-criminals as part of their "formal education" and "inheritance".
There are numerous examples of genocide denial through celebration and affirmation of war criminals throughout the region of Western Balkans inhabited by Serbs using this form of artistic expression. Several more of these graffiti are found in Serbian capital, and many more across Serbia and Bosnian and Herzegovinian administrative entity, Republika Srpska, which is the ethnic Serbian majority enclave. Critics point that Serbia as a state, is willing to defend the mural of convicted war criminal, and have no intention to react on cases of genocide denial, noting that Interior Minister of Serbia, Aleksandar Vulin decision to ban any gathering with an intent to remove the mural, with the deployment of riot police, sends the message of "tacit endorsement". Consequently, on 9 November 2021, Serbian heavy police in riot gear, with graffiti creators and their supporters, blocked the access to the mural to prevent human rights groups and other activists to paint over it and mark the International Day Against Fascism and Antisemitism in that way, and even arrested two civic activist for throwing eggs at the graffiti.
Graffiti may also be used as an offensive expression. This form of graffiti may be difficult to identify, as it is mostly removed by the local authority (as councils which have adopted strategies of criminalization also strive to remove graffiti quickly). Therefore, existing racist graffiti is mostly more subtle and at first sight, not easily recognized as "racist". It can then be understood only if one knows the relevant "local code" (social, historical, political, temporal, and spatial), which is seen as heteroglot and thus a 'unique set of conditions' in a cultural context.
A spatial code for example, could be that there is a certain youth group in an area that is engaging heavily in racist activities. So, for residents (knowing the local code), a graffiti containing only the name or abbreviation of this gang already is a racist expression, reminding the offended people of their gang activities. Also a graffiti is in most cases, the herald of more serious criminal activity to come. A person who does not know these gang activities would not be able to recognize the meaning of this graffiti. Also if a tag of this youth group or gang is placed on a building occupied by asylum seekers, for example, its racist character is even stronger.
By making the graffiti less explicit (as adapted to social and legal constraints), these drawings are less likely to be removed, but do not lose their threatening and offensive character.
Elsewhere, activists in Russia have used painted caricatures of local officials with their mouths as potholes, to show their anger about the poor state of the roads. In Manchester, England, a graffitists painted obscene images around potholes, which often resulted in them being repaired within 48 hours.
In the early 1980s, the first art galleries to show graffitists to the public were Fashion Moda in the Bronx, Now Gallery and Fun Gallery, both in the East Village, Manhattan.
A 2006 exhibition at the Brooklyn Museum displayed graffiti as an art form that began in New York's outer boroughs and reached great heights in the early 1980s with the work of Crash, Lee, Daze, Keith Haring, and Jean-Michel Basquiat. It displayed 22 works by New York graffitists, including Crash, Daze, and Lady Pink. In an article about the exhibition in the magazine Time Out, curator Charlotta Kotik said that she hoped the exhibition would cause viewers to rethink their assumptions about graffiti.
From the 1970s onwards, Burhan Doğançay photographed urban walls all over the world; these he then archived for use as sources of inspiration for his painterly works. The project today known as "Walls of the World" grew beyond even his own expectations and comprises about 30,000 individual images. It spans a period of 40 years across five continents and 114 countries. In 1982, photographs from this project comprised a one-man exhibition titled "Les murs murmurent, ils crient, ils chantent ..." (The walls whisper, shout and sing ...) at the Centre Georges Pompidou in Paris.
In Australia, art historians have judged some local graffiti of sufficient creative merit to rank them firmly within the arts. Oxford University Press's art history text Australian Painting 1788–2000 concludes with a long discussion of graffiti's key place within contemporary visual culture, including the work of several Australian practitioners.
Between March and April 2009, 150 artists exhibited 300 pieces of graffiti at the Grand Palais in Paris.
Spray paint has many negative environmental effects. The paint contains toxic chemicals, and the can uses volatile hydrocarbon gases to spray the paint onto a surface.
Volatile organic compound (VOC) leads to ground level ozone formation and most of graffiti related emissions are VOCs. A 2010 paper estimates 4,862 tons of VOCs were released in the United States in activities related to graffiti.
In China, Mao Zedong in the 1920s used revolutionary slogans and paintings in public places to galvanize the country's communist movement.
Based on different national conditions, many people believe that China's attitude towards Graffiti is fierce, but in fact, according to Lance Crayon in his film Spray Paint Beijing: Graffiti in the Capital of China, Graffiti is generally accepted in Beijing, with artists not seeing much police interference. Political and religiously sensitive graffiti, however, is not allowed.
In Hong Kong, Tsang Tsou Choi was known as the King of Kowloon for his calligraphy graffiti over many years, in which he claimed ownership of the area. Now some of his work is preserved officially.
In Taiwan, the government has made some concessions to graffitists. Since 2005 they have been allowed to freely display their work along some sections of riverside retaining walls in designated "Graffiti Zones". From 2007, Taipei's department of cultural affairs also began permitting graffiti on fences around major public construction sites. Department head Yong-ping Lee (李永萍) stated, "We will promote graffiti starting with the public sector, and then later in the private sector too. It's our goal to beautify the city with graffiti". The government later helped organize a graffiti contest in Ximending, a popular shopping district. graffitists caught working outside of these designated areas still face fines up to NT$6,000 under a department of environmental protection regulation. However, Taiwanese authorities can be relatively lenient, one veteran police officer stating anonymously, "Unless someone complains about vandalism, we won't get involved. We don't go after it proactively."
In 1993, after several expensive cars in Singapore were spray-painted, the police arrested a student from the Singapore American School, Michael P. Fay, questioned him, and subsequently charged him with vandalism. Fay pleaded guilty to vandalizing a car in addition to stealing road signs. Under the 1966 Vandalism Act of Singapore, originally passed to curb the spread of communist graffiti in Singapore, the court sentenced him to four months in jail, a fine of S$3,500 (US$2,233), and a caning. The New York Times ran several editorials and op-eds that condemned the punishment and called on the American public to flood the Singaporean embassy with protests. Although the Singapore government received many calls for clemency, Fay's caning took place in Singapore on 5 May 1994. Fay had originally received a sentence of six strokes of the cane, but the presiding president of Singapore, Ong Teng Cheong, agreed to reduce his caning sentence to four lashes.
In South Korea, Park Jung-soo was fined two million South Korean won by the Seoul Central District Court for spray-painting a rat on posters of the G-20 Summit a few days before the event in November 2011. Park alleged that the initial in "G-20" sounds like the Korean word for "rat", but Korean government prosecutors alleged that Park was making a derogatory statement about the president of South Korea, Lee Myung-bak, the host of the summit. This case led to public outcry and debate on the lack of government tolerance and in support of freedom of expression. The court ruled that the painting, "an ominous creature like a rat" amounts to "an organized criminal activity" and upheld the fine while denying the prosecution's request for imprisonment for Park.
In Europe, community cleaning squads have responded to graffiti, in some cases with reckless abandon, as when in 1992 in France a local Scout group, attempting to remove modern graffiti, damaged two prehistoric paintings of bison in the Cave of Mayrière supérieure near the French village of Bruniquel in Tarn-et-Garonne, earning them the 1992 Ig Nobel Prize in archeology.
In September 2006, the European Parliament directed the European Commission to create urban environment policies to prevent and eliminate dirt, litter, graffiti, animal excrement, and excessive noise from domestic and vehicular music systems in European cities, along with other concerns over urban life.
In Budapest, Hungary, both a city-backed movement called I Love Budapest and a special police division tackle the problem, including the provision of approved areas.
The Anti-social Behaviour Act 2003 became Britain's latest anti-graffiti legislation. In August 2004, the Keep Britain Tidy campaign issued a press release calling for zero tolerance of graffiti and supporting proposals such as issuing "on the spot" fines to graffiti offenders and banning the sale of aerosol paint to anyone under the age of 16. The press release also condemned the use of graffiti images in advertising and in music videos, arguing that real-world experience of graffiti stood far removed from its often-portrayed "cool" or "edgy'" image.
To back the campaign, 123 Members of Parliament (MPs) (including then Prime Minister Tony Blair), signed a charter which stated: "Graffiti is not art, it's crime. On behalf of my constituents, I will do all I can to rid our community of this problem."
In the UK, city councils have the power to take action against the owner of any property that has been defaced under the Anti-social Behaviour Act 2003 (as amended by the Clean Neighbourhoods and Environment Act 2005) or, in certain cases, the Highways Act. This is often used against owners of property that are complacent in allowing protective boards to be defaced so long as the property is not damaged.
In July 2008, a conspiracy charge was used to convict graffitists for the first time. After a three-month police surveillance operation, nine members of the DPM crew were convicted of conspiracy to commit criminal damage costing at least £1 million. Five of them received prison sentences, ranging from eighteen months to two years. The unprecedented scale of the investigation and the severity of the sentences rekindled public debate over whether graffiti should be considered art or crime.
Some councils, like those of Stroud and Loerrach, provide approved areas in the town where graffitists can showcase their talents, including underpasses, car parks, and walls that might otherwise prove a target for the "spray and run".
Graffiti Tunnel, University of Sydney at Camperdown (2009)
In an effort to reduce vandalism, many cities in Australia have designated walls or areas exclusively for use by graffitists. One early example is the "Graffiti Tunnel" located at the Camperdown Campus of the University of Sydney, which is available for use by any student at the university to tag, advertise, poster, and paint. Advocates of this idea suggest that this discourages petty vandalism yet encourages artists to take their time and produce great art, without worry of being caught or arrested for vandalism or trespassing.[108][109] Others disagree with this approach, arguing that the presence of legal graffiti walls does not demonstrably reduce illegal graffiti elsewhere. Some local government areas throughout Australia have introduced "anti-graffiti squads", who clean graffiti in the area, and such crews as BCW (Buffers Can't Win) have taken steps to keep one step ahead of local graffiti cleaners.
Many state governments have banned the sale or possession of spray paint to those under the age of 18 (age of majority). However, a number of local governments in Victoria have taken steps to recognize the cultural heritage value of some examples of graffiti, such as prominent political graffiti. Tough new graffiti laws have been introduced in Australia with fines of up to A$26,000 and two years in prison.
Melbourne is a prominent graffiti city of Australia with many of its lanes being tourist attractions, such as Hosier Lane in particular, a popular destination for photographers, wedding photography, and backdrops for corporate print advertising. The Lonely Planet travel guide cites Melbourne's street as a major attraction. All forms of graffiti, including sticker art, poster, stencil art, and wheatpasting, can be found in many places throughout the city. Prominent street art precincts include; Fitzroy, Collingwood, Northcote, Brunswick, St. Kilda, and the CBD, where stencil and sticker art is prominent. As one moves farther away from the city, mostly along suburban train lines, graffiti tags become more prominent. Many international artists such as Banksy have left their work in Melbourne and in early 2008 a perspex screen was installed to prevent a Banksy stencil art piece from being destroyed, it has survived since 2003 through the respect of local street artists avoiding posting over it, although it has recently had paint tipped over it.
In February 2008 Helen Clark, the New Zealand prime minister at that time, announced a government crackdown on tagging and other forms of graffiti vandalism, describing it as a destructive crime representing an invasion of public and private property. New legislation subsequently adopted included a ban on the sale of paint spray cans to persons under 18 and increases in maximum fines for the offence from NZ$200 to NZ$2,000 or extended community service. The issue of tagging become a widely debated one following an incident in Auckland during January 2008 in which a middle-aged property owner stabbed one of two teenage taggers to death and was subsequently convicted of manslaughter.
Graffiti databases have increased in the past decade because they allow vandalism incidents to be fully documented against an offender and help the police and prosecution charge and prosecute offenders for multiple counts of vandalism. They also provide law enforcement the ability to rapidly search for an offender's moniker or tag in a simple, effective, and comprehensive way. These systems can also help track costs of damage to a city to help allocate an anti-graffiti budget. The theory is that when an offender is caught putting up graffiti, they are not just charged with one count of vandalism; they can be held accountable for all the other damage for which they are responsible. This has two main benefits for law enforcement. One, it sends a signal to the offenders that their vandalism is being tracked. Two, a city can seek restitution from offenders for all the damage that they have committed, not merely a single incident. These systems give law enforcement personnel real-time, street-level intelligence that allows them not only to focus on the worst graffiti offenders and their damage, but also to monitor potential gang violence that is associated with the graffiti.
Many restrictions of civil gang injunctions are designed to help address and protect the physical environment and limit graffiti. Provisions of gang injunctions include things such as restricting the possession of marker pens, spray paint cans, or other sharp objects capable of defacing private or public property; spray painting, or marking with marker pens, scratching, applying stickers, or otherwise applying graffiti on any public or private property, including, but not limited to the street, alley, residences, block walls, and fences, vehicles or any other real or personal property. Some injunctions contain wording that restricts damaging or vandalizing both public and private property, including but not limited to any vehicle, light fixture, door, fence, wall, gate, window, building, street sign, utility box, telephone box, tree, or power pole.
To help address many of these issues, many local jurisdictions have set up graffiti abatement hotlines, where citizens can call in and report vandalism and have it removed. San Diego's hotline receives more than 5,000 calls per year, in addition to reporting the graffiti, callers can learn more about prevention. One of the complaints about these hotlines is the response time; there is often a lag time between a property owner calling about the graffiti and its removal. The length of delay should be a consideration for any jurisdiction planning on operating a hotline. Local jurisdictions must convince the callers that their complaint of vandalism will be a priority and cleaned off right away. If the jurisdiction does not have the resources to respond to complaints in a timely manner, the value of the hotline diminishes. Crews must be able to respond to individual service calls made to the graffiti hotline as well as focus on cleanup near schools, parks, and major intersections and transit routes to have the biggest impact. Some cities offer a reward for information leading to the arrest and prosecution of suspects for tagging or graffiti related vandalism. The amount of the reward is based on the information provided, and the action taken.
When police obtain search warrants in connection with a vandalism investigation, they are often seeking judicial approval to look for items such as cans of spray paint and nozzles from other kinds of aerosol sprays; etching tools, or other sharp or pointed objects, which could be used to etch or scratch glass and other hard surfaces; permanent marking pens, markers, or paint sticks; evidence of membership or affiliation with any gang or tagging crew; paraphernalia including any reference to "(tagger's name)"; any drawings, writing, objects, or graffiti depicting taggers' names, initials, logos, monikers, slogans, or any mention of tagging crew membership; and any newspaper clippings relating to graffiti crime.