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La Casa delle Streghe e Altri Racconti.
The Witches' House and Other Stories.
Includes: Attraverso le porte della Chiave d'Argento (Through the Doors of the Silver Key).
Through the Gates of the Silver Key by H. P. Lovecraft and E. Hoffmann Price.
21/12/18 #2181. From the annual "Burning The Clocks" event. A joyous celebration of the winter solstice - the shortest day and from here the return of light.
For enquiry email: jintan@realtyagent.com
The Orchard Residences is a 99-years leasehold apartment development located at 238 Orchard Boulevard, Singapore 237973, in District 09, and just above the Orchard MRT Station. With expected completion in December 2010, it comprises 175 units. The Orchard Residences is situated along the vibrant Orchard Road shopping and entertainment belt. It is also close to the Singapore Botanic Gardens and Mount Elizabeth Hospital. Above MRT Station. Condo Facilities at The Orchard Residences Facilities at The Orchard Residences include a swimming pool, spa, and clubhouse. Condo Amenities near The Orchard Residences Numerous feeder bus services are available near The Orchard Residences. Established local and international schools are mostly a short drive away, such as Raffles Girls’ School, Overseas Family School, and ISS International School. Its prime location along Orchard Road means several one-stop shopping destinations are just a short walk away. These include Ion Orchard, Tangs Plaza, Wisma Atria, The Paragon, and Takashimaya. In addition, prestigious clubs, such as American Club and Tanglin Club, are located nearby. For vehicle owners, driving to the business hub from The Orchard Residences takes less than 10 minutes, via River Valley Road.
Takeshita Street (竹下通り Takeshita-dōri?) is a pedestrian-only street lined with fashion boutiques, cafes and restaurants in Harajuku in Tokyo, Japan. Stores on Takeshita Street include major chains such as The Body Shop, but most of the businesses are small independent shops that carry an array of styles. The shops on this street are often a bellwether for broader fads, and some are known as "antenna shops," which manufacturers seed with prototypes for test-marketing.
Takeshita Street was a reliable place to go and purchase fake Japanese and American street brand goods from the early 1990s to 2004. Since 2004, a stronger metropolitan government stance on counterfeit merchandise has led to a decrease of such items being available to the public.
Located directly across from the exit of JR Harajuku Station, Takeshita Street is very popular with young teenagers, particularly those visiting Tokyo on school trips, or local young people shopping for small "cute" goods at weekends.
Harajuku is known for the patrons that visit the area every Sunday. Every Sunday, many young people dress in a variety of styles that include gothic lolita, visual kei, and cosplay, among others and spend the day in Harajuku socializing. The fashion styles of these young people frequently vary and are rarely conformist to one particular style and are usually a mesh of many. Most young people gather on Jingu Bridge, which is a pedestrian bridge that connects Harajuku to the neighboring Meiji Shrine Area. [1] However, Harajuku is not just known for its Sunday visitors. It is also a well-respected fashion capital of the world renowned for its unique street fashion.[2] Harajuku street style is promoted in Japanese and international publications such as Kera, Tune, Gothic & Lolita Bible and Fruits. Many prominent designers and fashion ideals have sprung from Harajuku and incorporated themselves in to other fashions throughout the world. Harajuku is also a vast shopping district that includes luxury western designers like Louis Vuitton, Harajuku native designers, and affordable shops catered to youths.
summer essentials include (but are not limited to) ice cream and a good book.
and thanks everyone for 15 favorites and 23 comments on my previous photo! wow!
happy 4th of july!
The Dallas Arts District's "Spotlight Sunday" on October 18
Festivities to celebrate the opening of the new AT&T Performing Arts Center include a day of free admission and extended hours. Enjoy performances in the exhibition All the World’s a Stage, tours family experiences, and much more.
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The Dallas Arts District
2200 Ross Ave
Dallas, TX 75201
(214) 744-6642
The Dallas Arts District is a unique, 68-acre, 19-block neighborhood in the heart of the city. A rare jewel that is the centerpiece of the region’s cultural life, the District is home to some of the finest architecture in the world. Enhancing the downtown Dallas skyline are buildings by Pritzker Prize winners I.M. Pei, Renzo Piano, Norman Foster, Rem Koolhaas and AIA “Gold Medal” recipient Edward Larrabee Barnes.
Our neighborhood is a center for innovative architecture, world-class exhibits, exemplary cultural programming and much more. We are restaurants, hotels, churches, residences and even the world headquarters of 7-Eleven.
This website is designed to help you explore the many facets of the district. And whether you are coming from around the corner or from around the world, we hope you will find your trip enjoyable and your experience unparalleled.
We look forward to sharing with you the works of art, the performances, the cuisine and the vibrancy of the Dallas Arts District.
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Dallas Museum of Art
The Dallas Museum of Art ranks among leading art institutions in the country and is distinguished by its innovative exhibitions and groundbreaking educational programs.
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Nasher Sculpture Center
The Nasher Sculpture Center opened in 2003 as the first institution in the world dedicated exclusively to the exhibition of modern and contemporary sculpture with a collection of global significance at its foundation.
www.nashersculpturecenter.org/
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Trammell Crow Center and Crow Collection of Asian Art
The Trammell and Margaret Crow Collection of Asian Art is nestled like a small jewel in Dallas’ Arts District, offering visitors a glimpse of a world possessing serene beauty and spirituality in the heart of a bustling city.
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Belo Mansion
The current home of the Dallas Bar Association, the Belo Mansion was built c. 1890 by Coleonel A. H. Belo, founder of the Dallas Morning News.
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Cathedral Shrine of the Virgin of Guadalupe
The city’s oldest Catholic parish, this High Victorian Gothic cathedral is the second busiest Catholic cathedral in the nation.
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Morton H. Meyerson Symphony Center
Since its grand opening celebration, the legendary rich sound of the Meyerson’s Eugene McDermott Concert Hall has made it a premier destination for the world’s finest soloists and conductors.
www.dallasculture.org/meyersonSymphonyCenter/
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AT&T Performing Arts Center Margot and Bill Winspear Opera House
With transparent, soaring 60-foot glass walls revealing views of the Grand Lobby and a café open throughout the day, the Winspear Opera House is a destination for all.
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AT&T Performing Arts Center Dee and Charles Wyly Theatre
The world’s only vertical theatre, the innovative design of the Wyly Theatre creates ultimate performance flexibility.
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Booker T. Washington High School for the Visual and Performing Arts
The school’s dual emphasis on arts and academics has produced a stellar list of famous graduates including Grammy Award®-winners Norah Jones, Erykah Badu and jazz trumpeter Roy Hargrove.
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St. Paul United Methodist Church
St. Paul United Methodist Church was founded in 1873 by freed slaves from Mississippi, Louisiana and Texas.
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One Arts Plaza
One Arts Plaza is a multiuse structure comprised of residences, corporate offices and retail, the first of three buildings on over 10 acres at the eastern edge of the Dallas Arts District.
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Dallas Black Dance Theatre
Dallas Black Dance Theatre is the city’s oldest continuously operating dance company.
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AT&T Performing Arts Center Elaine D. and Charles A. Sammons Park
Weaving together the Winspear Opera House, Wyly Theatre, Strauss Square and City Performance Hall, the ten-acre park stretches from Woodall Rodgers Freeway to Ross Avenue, and is the first public park in the Dallas Arts District.
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Outside the Cathedral Shrine of the Virgin of Guadalupe
Includes photos from the David Thompson Highway 11 Rocky Mountains Alberta near Nordegg and the David Thompson Resort
Having an awesome time camping at the peaceful David Thompson Resort. Over 125 campsites, group camping areas, a motel, convenience store, gas station, restaurant and gift shop. Rocky Mountain views in all directions!
This is one of the smaller campsites, but still big enough for a van, tent, plus the provided picnic table and fire pit. It was only $20 per night!
The Imperial City, Beijing, China.
The Imperial City is a section of the city of Beijing in the Ming and Qing dynasties, with the Forbidden City at its centre. It refers to the collection of gardens, shrines, and other service areas between the Forbidden City and the Inner City of ancient Beijing. The Imperial City was surrounded by a wall and accessed through six gates and it includes historical places such as the Forbidden City, Tiananmen, Zhongnanhai, Beihai Park, Zhongshan Park, Jingshan, Imperial Ancestral Temple, and Xiancantan.
Jingshan Hill is an artificial hill with five peaks located to the north of the Forbidden City.
In the Yuan dynasty, Beijing was known as Dadu, and the Imperial City formed the centre of the city. In 1368, the Ming armies conquered Dadu, and changed its name to "Beiping" (the two characters meaning "north" and "peace" or "pacified"), with the capital moved to Nanjing. Because the Imperial City was untouched by battle, most of the Imperial City survived the war; however, in 1369, the Hongwu Emperor ordered that the Imperial City be demolished.
In 1370, the Hongwu Emperor's fourth son Zhu Di was created Prince of Yan, with seat in Beiping. In 1379 he built a princely palace within the Yuan Imperial City.
In 1399, Zhu Di launched a coup d'état and ascended to the throne to become Yongle Emperor in 1402. In 1403, the name of Beiping was changed to Beijing (literally "the Northern Capital"), and in 1406 a plan was drafted to move the capital to Beijing.
In 1406, construction of the Forbidden City began, copying the layout of the existing palaces in Nanjing. The new imperial palace was placed to the east of the Yuan palace, in order to place the Yuan palace in the "White Tiger" or "Kill" position in feng shui. Also, for feng shui reasons, earth dug up from construction of the moat were used to construct Jingshan Hill to the north of the imperial palace.
On the basis of the Yuan Imperial City, the area was expanded to encompass the lakes of Zhongnanhai and Beihai and a significant area beyond.
To the west of the Forbidden City are the Zhongnanhai and Beihai, which were surrounded by imperial gardens and collectively known as the Western Park.
To the south of the Forbidden City are the Imperial Shrine of Family or Imperial Ancestral Temple and Shrine of Stat. Further to the south was the "Corridor of a Thousand Steps", to either side of which are the offices of the various government ministries.
There are six gates in the walls of the Imperial City. To the south is the Great Ming Gate (later renamed the Great Qing Gate, Gate of China). Behind the Great Ming Gate was the Chengtianmen, (later renamed the Tian'anmen, "Gate of Heavenly Peace"). To either side of the Tiananmen were the Left Chang'an Gate and the Right Chang'an Gate. To the east was Donganmen ("Gate of Eastern Peace"); to the west was the Xi'anmen ("Gate of Western Peace"). To the north was Houzaimen (later renamed the Di'anmen, "Gate of Earthly Peace").
Also housed in the Imperial City were a number of service buildings for the imperial palace, warehouses, Taoist temples, and a palace for the Imperial Grandson.
After the fall of the Ming Dynasty, the rulers of the Qing removed most of the service buildings. Apart from a narrow area surrounding the lakes of Zhongnanhai and Beihai, the western parts of the Imperial City were given to princes and members of the Eight Banners as residential land. Likewise, apart from a small number of warehouses, the eastern parts of the Imperial City were also given to members of the Eight Banners as residential land. To the collection of temples in the Imperial City was added a Catholic church on the western shore of Zhongnanhai.
After the fall of the Qing dynasty in 1912, the Republic of China government took over the Imperial City. Zhongnanhai was, for a time, converted into the Presidential Palace. The Imperial Shrines became a part of the Palace Museum. Beihai and Jingshan became public parks. Most of the former temples and imperial warehouses gradually became private residences.
In 1912, during a coup by warlord Cao Kun, the Donganmen gate was destroyed by fire. In 1914, the Corridor of a Thousand Steps was demolished to make way for Zhongshan Park, named after Sun Yat-sen. In 1915, in order to improve traffic, much of the wall surrounding the Imperial City was demolished. After the capital was moved to Nanjing, Zhongnanhai became a public park.
In 1949, the People's Republic of China was established in Beijing. In the next few years, Gate of China, Left Chang'an Gate, Right Chang'an Gate, the three remaining eastern and western gates, and Di'anmen were demolished. Zhongnanhai became the leadership compound of the new government, housing the central headquarters of the Communist Party of China and the State Council. Many of the surviving buildings in the former garden were demolished.
The area to the west of Beihai Park was occupied by the Department of Defence, with a large office building now dominating the park skyline. Most of the temples in the Imperial City were occupied by units of the People's Liberation Army. Some of these buildings remain occupied and are in severe disrepair.
In recent decade, the Beijing municipal government has restored several of these temples and established a park around the remaining sections of the Imperial City wall. Plans were drawn up to gradually move out institutions occupying various historical buildings . In 2004, a 1984 ordinance relating to building height and planning restriction was renewed to establish the Imperial City area and the northern city area as a buffer zone for the Forbidden City. In 2005, a proposal was released to include the Imperial City and Beihai as extension items to the Forbidden City as a World Heritage Site.
Up before 6am for the second time for another solo photographic mission to shoot the Tuscan landscape around dawn. The weather was far better today, with clear skies and lots of low low photogenic mist. I shot this from the hotel car park, so I could have gone straight back to bed, but no fun in that.
The Kerala backwaters are a chain of brackish lagoons and lakes lying parallel to the Arabian Sea coast (known as the Malabar Coast) of Kerala state in southern India. The network includes five large lakes linked by canals, both manmade and natural, fed by 38 rivers, and extending virtually half the length of Kerala state. The backwaters were formed by the action of waves and shore currents creating low barrier islands across the mouths of the many rivers flowing down from the Western Ghats range.
The Kerala Backwaters are a network of interconnected canals, rivers, lakes and inlets, a labyrinthine system formed by more than 900 km of waterways, and sometimes compared to the American Bayou. In the midst of this landscape there are a number of towns and cities, which serve as the starting and end points of backwater cruises. National Waterway No. 3 from Kollam to Kottapuram, covers a distance of 205 km and runs almost parallel to the coast line of southern Kerala facilitating both cargo movement and backwater tourism.
The backwaters have a unique ecosystem - freshwater from the rivers meets the seawater from the Arabian Sea. In certain areas, such as the Vembanad Kayal, where a barrage has been built near Kumarakom, salt water from the sea is prevented from entering the deep inside, keeping the fresh water intact. Such fresh water is extensively used for irrigation purposes.
Many unique species of aquatic life including crabs, frogs and mudskippers, water birds such as terns, kingfishers, darters and cormorants, and animals such as otters and turtles live in and alongside the backwaters. Palm trees, pandanus shrubs, various leafy plants and bushes grow alongside the backwaters, providing a green hue to the surrounding landscape.
Vembanad Kayal is the largest of the lakes, covering an area of 200 km², and bordered by Alappuzha (Alleppey), Kottayam, and Ernakulam districts. The port of Kochi (Cochin) is located at the lake's outlet to the Arabian Sea. Alleppey, "Venice of the East", has a large network of canals that meander through the town. Vembanad is India’s longest lake.
HOUSE BOATS
The kettuvallams (Kerala houseboats) in the backwaters are one of the prominent tourist attractions in Kerala. More than 2000 kettuvallams ply the backwaters, 120 of them in Alappuzha. Kerala government has classified the tourist houseboats as Platinum, Gold and silver.
The kettuvallams were traditionally used as grain barges, to transport the rice harvested in the fertile fields alongside the backwaters. Thatched roof covers over wooden hulls, 30 m in length, provided protection from the elements. At some point in time the boats were used as living quarters by the royalty. Converted to accommodate tourists, the houseboats have become floating cottages having a sleeping area, with western-style toilets, a dining area and a sit out on the deck. Most tourists spend the night on a house boat. Food is cooked on board by the accompanying staff – mostly having a flavour of Kerala. The houseboats are of various patterns and can be hired as per the size of the family or visiting group. The living-dining room is usually open on at least three sides providing a grand view of the surroundings, including other boats, throughout the day when it is on the move. It is brought to a standstill at times of taking food and at night. After sunset, the boat crew provide burning coils to drive away mosquitoes. Ketuvallams are motorised but generally proceed at a slow speed for smooth travel. All ketuvallams have a generator and most bedrooms are air-conditioned. At times, as per demand of customers, electricity is switched off and lanterns are provided to create a rural setting.
While many ketuvalloms take tourists from a particular point and bring them back to around the same point next morning there are some specific cruises mostly in the Alappuzha area, such as the one night cruise from Alappuzha to Thotapally via Punnamada Lake two nights cruise from Alappuzha to Alumkavadi,[8] one night cruise from Alappuzha to Kidangara, and one night cruise from Alappuzha to Mankotta. There are numerous such cruises.
Beypore, located 10 km south of Kozhikode at the mouth of the Chaliyar River, is a famous fishing harbour, port and boat building centre. Beypore has a 1,500 year-tradition of boatbuilding. The skill of the local shipwrights and boat builders are widely sought after. There is a houseboat-building yard at Alumkadavu, in Ashtamudi Kayal near Kollam.
FERRY SERVICES
Regular ferry services connect most locations on both banks of the backwaters. The Kerala State Water Transport Department operates ferries for passengers as well as tourists. It is the cheapest mode of transport through the backwaters.
ECONOMIC SIGNIFICANCE
Connected by artificial canals, the backwaters form an economical means of transport, and a large local trade is carried on by inland navigation. Fishing, along with fish curing is an important industry.
Kerala backwaters have been used for centuries by the local people for transportation, fishing and agriculture. It has supported the efforts of the local people to earn a livelihood. In more recent times, agricultural efforts have been strengthened with reclamation of some backwater lands for rice growing, particularly in the Kuttanad area. Boat making has been a traditional craft, so has been the coir industry.
Kuttanad is crisscrossed with waterways that run alongside extensive paddy fields, as well as fields of cassava, banana and yam. A unique feature of Kuttanad is that many of these fields are below sea level and are surrounded by earthen embankments. The crops are grown on the low-lying ground and irrigated with fresh water from canal and waterways connected to Vembanad lake. The area is similar to the dikes of the Netherlands where land has been reclaimed from the sea and crops are grown.
WIKIPEDIA
Includes 3 Silver 1999 Toy Fair McFarlane Snake figures. Olive Drab kubrick, NVG Soldier kubrick, Raiden chase, Shagohod figure and sealed Cold War and Squares kubricks
Shannan, Tibet :
Tibet Autonomous Region, China. Shannan includes Gonggar County within its jurisdiction with Gongkar Chö Monastery, Gonggar Dzong, and Gonggar Airport all located near Gonggar town.
Located on the middle and lower reaches of the Yarlung Valley, formed by the Yarlung Tsangpo River, Lhoka region is often regarded as the birthplace of Tibetan civilization. It is bounded by the city of Lhasa to the north, Nyingchi to the east, Shigatse on the west and the international border with India and Bhutan on the south. The city measures 420 kilometres (260 mi) east to west and 329 kilometres (204 mi) from north to south. Its uniqueness stems from the fact that Tibet's earliest agricultural farmland, its first palace and first Buddhist monastery are all located in Lhoka. It also has the distinction of having held the first lhamo performance. Tibetan people constitute 98% of the population, the remaining 2% being Han, Hui, Mönpa, Lhoba and other ethnic groups.
Shannan has 1 district and 11 counties and its capital is Tsetang, which is located 183 kilometres from Lhasa. It covers an area of 79,700 square kilometres (30,800 sq mi), which includes South Tibet, a disputed territory under the Administration of the Indian state of Arunachal Pradesh. Its topography averages 3,700 metres (12,100 ft) above sea level. The population of Tsetang city was 330,100 as of 2007 with Tibetans accounting for 96% of the total population.
Lhoka region has not only an ancient historical background but is also the most prosperous in Tibet.
Hot and sunny for today's Brighton Pride Parade. I caught some of the characters as they prepared to leave from Hove Lawns
Caesalpinia echinata is a species of Brazilian timber tree in the pea family, Fabaceae. Common names include Brazilwood, Pau-Brasil, Pau de Pernambuco, Pernambuco tree, Nicaragua wood and Ibirapitanga (Tupi). This plant has a dense, orange-red heartwood that takes a high shine, and it is the premier wood used for making bows for stringed instruments. The wood also yields a red dye called brazilin, which oxidizes to brazilein.
When Portuguese explorers found these trees on the coast of South America, they used the name pau-brasil to describe them. Pau is Portuguese for "stick" (or, by metonymy, "wood" in general), and brasil is said to have come from brasa, Portuguese for "ember", meaning "emberlike". The wood of this tree has a deep red hue, which may be why it received this name. Pau-brasil had been earlier used to describe a different species of tree found in Asia and other places, called Sappanwood which also produced red dye; but the South American trees soon became the better source of red dye. Brazilwood trees were such a large part of the exports and economy of the land that the country which sprang up in that part of the world took its name from them and is now called Brazil.
Botanically, several tree species are involved, all in the family Fabaceae (the pulse family). The term "brazilwood" is most often used to refer to the species Caesalpinia echinata, but it is also applied to other species, such as Caesalpinia sappan. The tree is also known by other names, as ibirapitanga, Tupi for "red wood"; or pau de pernambuco, named after the Brazilian state of Pernambuco.
In the bow-making business it is usual to refer to some species other than Caesalpinia echinata as "Brazilwood"; examples include Pink Ipê (Tabebuia impetiginosa), Massaranduba (Manilkara bidentata) and Palo Brasil (Haematoxylum brasiletto). The highly prized Caesalpinia echinata is usually called "Pernambuco wood" in this particular context.
The brazilwood tree may reach up to 15 metres in height, and the dark brown bark flakes in large patches, revealing the lustrous blood-red heartwood underneath. The leaves are pinnate and each consists of between 9 and 19 small, leathery leaflets, which are broadly oblong in shape. The flower stalk, or inflorescence, is also branched and contains between 15 and 40 yellow, strongly perfumed flowers, which may be pollinated by bees. The petals are usually yellow with a blood-red blotch. The fruits are oval-shaped woody seedpods, measuring up to 7.3 cm long and 2.6 cm across; they hang off the branches and after the seeds are expelled, the pods become twisted in shape. The branches, leaves and fruit are covered with small thorns.
There are some important differences between geographically distinct populations and it is thought that separate subspecies of the pau brasil may exist. This tree may have some medicinal properties and has been used as an astringent and antidiuretic by local people; extracts have been tested as possible cancer treatments.
In the 15th and 16th centuries, brazilwood was highly valued in Europe and quite difficult to get. Coming from Asia, it was traded in powder form and used as a red dye in the manufacture of luxury textiles, such as velvet, in high demand during the Renaissance. When Portuguese navigators discovered present-day Brazil, on April 22, 1500, they immediately saw that brazilwood was extremely abundant along the coast and in its hinterland, along the rivers. In a few years, a hectic and very profitable operation for felling and shipping all the brazilwood logs they could get was established, as a crown-granted Portuguese monopoly. The rich commerce which soon followed stimulated other nations to try to harvest and smuggle brazilwood contraband out of Brazil, and corsairs to attack loaded Portuguese ships in order to steal their cargo. For example, the unsuccessful attempt in 1555 of a French expedition led by Nicolas Durand de Villegaignon, vice-admiral of Brittany and corsair under the King, to establish a colony in present-day Rio de Janeiro (France Antarctique) was motivated in part by the bounty generated by economic exploitation of brazilwood. In addition, this plant is also cited in Flora Brasiliensis by Carl Friedrich Philipp von Martius.
Excessive exploitation led to a steep decrease in the number of brazilwood trees in the 18th century, causing the collapse of this economic activity. Presently, the species is nearly extirpated in most of its original range. Brazilwood is listed as an endangered species by the IUCN, and it is cited in the official list of endangered flora of Brazil. Restoration of the species in the wild is hampered by the fact that it is a climax community species, which will only develop well when planted amongst secondary forest vegetation. Although many saplings have been distributed or sold during recent decades, that has led to the tree being planted in places outside its natural range, with somewhat poor results, such as happens with brazilwood trees used for urban landscaping in the city of São Paulo, whose development and flowering is usually hampered by the colder environment.
The trade of brazilwood is likely to be banned in the immediate future, creating a major problem in the bow-making industry which highly values this wood. The International Pernambuco Conservation Initiative (IPCI), whose members are the bowmakers who rely on pernambuco for their livelihoods, is working to replant the trees. IPCI advocates the use of other woods for violin bows to raise money to plant pernambuco seedlings. The shortage of pernambuco has also helped the carbon fiber bow industry to thrive.
The Tree of Music, a feature-length documentary on the plight of this species, is already produced.
[Mayfield Subdivision] [n.d.] Includes Silsoe Street, Fawcett Street, Corona Street and Maitland Road. [Linen Plan]
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Includes the enforcement of the arms embargo under UNSCR 1973.
More on NATO & Libya :
www.nato.int/cps/en/natolive/71679.htm
NATO's youtube playlist on Libya :
www.youtube.com/user/NATOCOMMUNITY#grid/user/07C557EABF9E...
More videos on NATO TV :
My sister kindly send me a Cornish cream tea by post as an Easter treat. I thought it try both the Cornish (cream on top) and Devon (jam on top) way. Both good, but the Devon way is still my preference.
Easter #26 for the Treasure Hunt
Differences include me beefing up the barrel and gas system, the addition of port "holes", I moved the mag-well and magazine back, along with some other subtle differences.
Please view all sizes!
The Chicken Waffle Benedict at Lenny's includes half a waffle with a fried chicken breast and two poached eggs topped with white pepper gravy.
(Tampa Bay Dine - Lenny's)
Photo made on 01/27/14
Photo by Lara Cerri
Background:
Lenny's: 21220 US Hwy 19 N, Clearwater (727) 799-0402
A basket of pastries presented when you are seated whets the appetite. This has been a Clearwater institution since 1958, with a distinct Philadelphia sensibility in keeping with its location near the Phillie’s Spring Training (try the scrapple!) Featuring huge portions, bantering servers and a lively crowd. Twenty omelette variations, knishes, potato pancakes, fresh-baked bagels, and amazing home fries. Deli sandwiches, hoagies and burgers round out the menu.
In Hong Kong aquaculture includes marine fish culture, pond fish culture and oyster culture. In 2010 production from the aquaculture sector was 3,822 tonnes and was valued at HK$180 million which was 2.2% in weight and 7.9% in value of the total fisheries production.
Pond Fish Culture
The pond fish culture industry is centred in the north-west New Territories. Fish ponds are either freshwater or brackish.
In 2010, the local inland ponds, covering an area of approximately 1,109 ha, produced 2,190 tonnes of freshwater fish amounting to $54 million. About 92% of the farms are engaged in polyculture (bighead carp, grass carp, common carp and silver carp in combination with tilapia or grey mullet). The remaining 8% practise monoculture of carnivorous species such as giant groupers, seabreams and spotted scat in brackish fish ponds near to the coastline. Majority of the fry and fingerlings are imported from the Mainland and Taiwan. Some of the grey mullet fry may also be caught in local coastal waters. Traditionally, fry are stocked in early spring and most fish species reach marketable size in eight to twelve months.
To see many other pictures from Hong Kong's lesser known sides, please check out my personal website at www.hansens-hikes.com/Gallery.html
My website also contains a little information on how you, too, can explore Hong Kong's other side.
For enquiry email: jintan@realtyagent.com
The Orchard Residences is a 99-years leasehold apartment development located at 238 Orchard Boulevard, Singapore 237973, in District 09, and just above the Orchard MRT Station. With expected completion in December 2010, it comprises 175 units. The Orchard Residences is situated along the vibrant Orchard Road shopping and entertainment belt. It is also close to the Singapore Botanic Gardens and Mount Elizabeth Hospital. Above MRT Station. Condo Facilities at The Orchard Residences Facilities at The Orchard Residences include a swimming pool, spa, and clubhouse. Condo Amenities near The Orchard Residences Numerous feeder bus services are available near The Orchard Residences. Established local and international schools are mostly a short drive away, such as Raffles Girls’ School, Overseas Family School, and ISS International School. Its prime location along Orchard Road means several one-stop shopping destinations are just a short walk away. These include Ion Orchard, Tangs Plaza, Wisma Atria, The Paragon, and Takashimaya. In addition, prestigious clubs, such as American Club and Tanglin Club, are located nearby. For vehicle owners, driving to the business hub from The Orchard Residences takes less than 10 minutes, via River Valley Road.
1976
fish include parrot fish - greenish blue ones in the middle. very good meaty fish, caught on the reef.
Two or three of us would go out with a long net at low tide. We could see the group of parrot fish feeding near the edge of the reef - right before it drops in to the ocean's depths. We would circle around the group of fish and the person in the lead would run like crazy between the fish and the reef's edge. The fish would panic. Some would swim to safety out and over the reef's edge. Some would swim 'inland' and then try to escape by swimming back out to deeper water. They were usually the unlucky ones since they would swim in to the net and be caught. We would take the fish out of the net and put them on a strip from a coconut front. Frequently it was my job to carry the string of fish. Sometimes sharks would come on to the reef flat and try and catch some of the fish. That was always rather interesting when I was the one carrying the fish! After we had caught enough fish we would take them up on to shore and gut the parrot fish. They needed to be gutted soon after catching so they wouldn't spoil. We also had to be careful of the spines on some fish since the spines were poisonous and would easily cut skin. That was a bit painful when it happened.
A blog post that includes these photos lives here: likeafishinwater.com/2019/02/22/privately-owned-public-sp...
More photography and stories like this at: likeafishinwater.com
Benefits of AirField in a green roofing system include:
AirDrain creates and helps maintain a constant Gmax for artificial turf (See below)
Thickness and resin consistency of AirDrain provides uniform shock absorbency
Shock absorption reduces the strain on joints and ligaments
AirDrain is only limited by the drainage capacity of the profile above it
Installation time measured in days instead of weeks
AirDrain can be reused when the artificial turf must be replaced
Water harvesting reclamation and reuse
Helps qualify for LEED and other green building credits
A smaller carbon and development footprint with reduced site disturbance
100% vertical drainage under the entire field surface
Minimizes water related injuries / Less infill migration due to superior drainage
AirDrain is a 100% recycled product
Less infill migration due to superior drainage
GMAX Information Existing Conditions for Testing
Turf - 2 1/2” Slit Film, in filled with 50% Green Rubber Infill and 50% Silica Sand.
The drainage/shock pad and turf underlying substrate consists of a concrete deck/rooftop, coated with a waterproof membrane and 10 ounce 100% recycled polyester geo-textile filter fabric.
The Standard Test Method for Shock-Absorbing Properties of Playing Surface Systems and Materials (ASTM F1936-98 American Football Field) testing locations and procedure were preformed. The tests were performed using a Triax 2000 A-1 Missile, tripod mounted Gmax registration unit(www.triax2000.com). This report presents background information on the test procedures, existing conditions, test results and observations in football, baseball, softball, soccer, lacrosse, and field hockey artificial sports fields.
The environmental impact of a green roof is undenyable, and adds significantly to the LEED Point system designed by the USGC in all five major areas: sustainable site development, water savings, energy efficiency, materials selection, and indoor environmental quality. Green roofing replaces the green space displaced by a building, prevents excess stormwater drainage, reduces the temperature of a building and the urban heat island effect, protects and extends the useful life of a roof, and reduce energy demands. What's more, a green roof incorporating AirDrain means your design includes renewable, recycled, and locally obtained materials. We know you have a choice in designing a green roof, and we hope you consider the many benefits of AirDrain.
A typical AirDrain green roof installation design
The Oz (Oscar Diggs) 12'' doll has been deboxed. He is posed free standing, both with and without his accessories, which include his top hat, his traveling bag, and the China Girl 4'' mini doll.
The Oscar Diggs doll is a 12'' tall posable fashion doll, with a removable outfit. It consists of a black faux wool coat with black satin lining, a black satin vest, dark gray pinstriped pants, a black bow tie, and white satin dress shirt. His vest is actually only a front panel sewn onto his shirt. He also has ankle high black boots, and a black top hat. His outfit looks well tailored, and fits him well.
His face is a decent facimile of the Oscar Diggs movie character. His skin tone is a medium tan. He has dark brown facial hair, with thick eyebrows, mustache and goatee. He has small, narrow dark brown eyes staring straight ahead. His nose is medium sized and straight. He has short rooted hair that is a mixture of dark brown and black strands. His sideburns are black. His hair is slicked back, but doesn't have a lot of hair product, so is still soft and resilient, even over his forehead, and stays pretty neat. I groom his hair just using my fingers.
His body is well proportioned, with his head, hands, feet looking to be realistic sizes. His articulation consists of neck, shoulder, elbow and hip joints. His neck is a ball joint allowing 360 rotation and tilting up about 20 degrees. His shoulder ball joint allowing 360 rotation about a vertical plane, and tilting about 45 degrees from the vertical. His elbows are ball joints allowing 360 degress rotation, and tilting about 45 degrees. Finally his hips allow 360 rotation (constrained by his pants), and tilting about 20 degrees away from the vertical. He can sit with his legs together. Since he cannot bend his knees, he has to sit with his legs straight.
I think that this doll is a great bargain for the $20 price. He looks good, has rooted hair, has a good looking outfit, with many accessories, including the 4'' China Girl mini doll. The mini doll seems to be identical to the Disney Store mini doll, that is sold separately for $9.50. I can't be absolutely sure of that until I get the DS mini doll, which should happen by Tuesday, February 19.
Oz (Oscar Diggs) 12'' Fashion Doll With China Girl 4'' Mini Doll
By Tollytots, a division of Jakks Pacific
Based on a character in Disney's Oz The Great and Powerful
Released by Target online February 5, 2013
Purchased from Target online on February 6, 2013
Received on February 14, 2013
First Look
Following product information from the US Target website
Oz the Great and Powerful Oz and China Fashion Dolls
$19.99
This Oz doll is inspired by James Franco's character in the movie Oz the Great and Powerful. Oz is dressed for adventure in his coat, vest and top hat. This articulated doll comes with a mini China Doll and a travel bag, so your little one can reenact all her favorite scenes from the movie.
Throughout my brief, I was required to develop corporate branding for a cake shop in London called, ‘Eat Cake’, which must include the logo, business card, compliments slip, bags, uniform, serviettes, and shop signage and frontage. The main aims were to make the designs look contemporary as well as visually communicating the healthy approach to their company.
I have met the brief because I have experimented with colours in order to make the company feel organic as well as desirable; I used orange to trigger hunger from the consume and to symbolise energy, and a peppermint green in order to communicate the company’s healthy approach and to gain a fresh and vibrant look from the design. I like the combination of colour because they are both natural and they create a strong contrast that grabs the consumer’s attention; the combination brings out the saturation of the pigments and makes the design as a whole feel dynamic. I started thinking about colour after researching the logo, ‘House of Green’ designed by kami Piatkowski because I liked how he uses colour to symbolise what the company stands for and how colour can be used to create a modern and contemporary appearance, which was his main aim because his client wanted to communicate with modern people; the contrasting colour s make the design stand out as bold and it emphases the clean edges within the design. I created a palette filled with all the natural colours I had available to me and I started limiting my palette based on what the colours symbolise and what mood is created when combining each colour with another.
Another graphic designer that inspired my work was Mario De Meyer because I liked how he separates colour, making the design feel spacious and contemporary. I also like his design because of the rhythm being used and how each colour and curve reoccurs in the design, creating a sense of movement and flow within the typographic design. I experimented with different ways of presenting the shape of my logo and concluded that the colours should be vertical and avoid being connected with another shape or colour; it creates simplicity and the vertical lines direct the viewer towards the writing; the lines are closing in on each other, and the viewer’s eye moves toward the bottom of the logo.
The typography was inspired by the ‘Clipper tea’ company designed by Big Fish, which was my first piece of research; I liked the design as a whole, the way they branded their product ad combined simple shapes with simple typography, creating unity ad a harmonious combination. At the start of my project, I liked the idea of showing my ingredients in order to gain trust from the consumer and to promote the client’s natural ingredients, however, as I progressed through this project, I directed my attention towards creating imagery with the company’s initials. After designing the symbol, I still wanted to use the research I had collected from the start, so I used the Clipper tea typography with my new symbol and explored different compositions. I decided to use the typography used for the company’s slogan because I found that the main typeface was too artificial and mass produced. The other typeface makes the consumer feel more welcome and it is harmonious with the geometric shapes within the symbol. I decided to change the typeface slightly in order to make it my own as well as making the design feel more solid and bold, allowing the consumer to interact with the rand more; I took away the spaces in the letter ‘A’, which was very convenient for me when I was painting my brand because I didn’t need to worry about using a smaller brush and it is less time consuming.
The symbol was inspired by the ‘Breaze’ logo designed by Reynolds and Reyner. I liked the minimalistic style of their design because it attracts modern consumers and appears clean and contemporary when contrasting colours are used with the design. I also liked the way they made their typography illustrative by transforming them into meaningful imagery that communicates what the brand is and what ideas they are trying to promote to the consumer. I experimented with the initials of ‘Eat Cake’ in order to create a contemporary symbol, and I managed to produce a cupcake using these initials. I like this design because it is creative, simple and subtle; when you look at the design, the consumer doesn’t notice the typography used to produce the imagery.
After choosing my final design, I experimented with different materials in order to gain an understanding of texture and whether they would be appropriate for the company. I used mediums such as oil and soft pastel, watercolour paint and pencil, felt-tip pen, fine liner, illustrator, ink, and acrylic paint. I decided to produce my final design using acrylic paint because it has a soft effect on the design, making it feel welcoming and friendly, and it allowed me to gain more control over the colour pigments. However, as I was digitalising my design on Photoshop, I found that the design didn’t look contemporary with a textured background, so I erased the background and tidied up the edges of my logo.
Once my project was coming towards an end, I realised that the logo needed a background in order to show variation on my design and so the uniforms are not white; a white uniform is inconvenient for staff members to keep clean, especially when working in a cake industry. So I researched corporate branding, which lead me on to the ‘PilyQ’ logo designed by Jeet Patel because I liked the simplicity of the design and the use of rhythm in the background; it relates a sense of direction and it suits my logo’s symmetric and geometric shapes. This pattern also reminded me of old fashioned bakeries, which inspired me to use the same pattern with my colours; the design is still contemporary, however, the background brings sense of history, making the design feel friendly and traditional, which suits the company’s homemade products. Design trends are reverting back to specific periods in history, making them retro, fun and full of colour. I like this design because it has a sense of rhythm, direction, contrast and unity, and the simple yet retro style attracts younger consumers, which is the main target market that is ideal because they are a new generation that needs to consider their health, and they are of an age where they are not afraid of treating themselves to desirable foods.
The Patisserie Valerie cake company was a form of primary and secondary research. I used the packaging in order to overlay with my own design on Photoshop. I decided to research this company because there are limited shops that only sell cakes and I wanted to observe how they display their brand, which gave me ideas for my own work. I over-layered their staff uniform on Photoshop using my own design, which was a secondary image because I was very hesitant on asking the staff member to stop doing their work in order to have their photo taken. However, if I did have a bit more confidence, my design would have been less pixelated.
I think I should have done more annotation and reflect more on my work because I found that I didn’t have enough time to do so. Doing more annotation would have allowed me to feel more in control of my work and it would have allowed me to make faster decisions when it came to my decision making. I also think I should have explored illustrator in order to strengthen my software skills because it would have enabled me to create imagery that is less pixelated.
I found digitalising my designs were successful because I was able to refer back to my Photoshop workshop and make my designs blend in to photos; making the design settle into the photos enabled me to see what my design would look like in the real world without physically designing it, which is one cost effective way of designing brands. I was also pleased that I was able to improve my logo as I was digitalising my logo because it enabled me to use my problem solving skills and think of an alternative way of presenting my logo. Taking away the texture in the background also enabled me to make the design clean and contemporary, and it places more emphasis on the texture used on the logo.
In order to improve, I would make the compliments slip longer in width because there isn’t enough space in the centre, and doing this would balance the weight of the layout further as well as giving the consumer enough space to comfortably move their eyes in a circular direction. I also think I should have ventured out in search for more cafes in order to get primary imagery of shop frontages, which would have allowed me to apply my design to my own imagery; it would be less pixelated, enabling me to print out my design on a larger scale.
In conclusion, my understanding of a logo has improved and I now know the correct way of approaching a project involving identity; I understand how to interpret what the client is trying to communicate and what colours to use in order to make a design feel desirable and organic. Additionally, my knowledge on Photoshop has improved, which will enable me to apply my designs to packaging, uniforms and sop frontages in my next identity projects. At first I struggled with how to approach this project, however, during the second week, I found that all my ideas changed and I was in the right mind set to create a meaningful piece of work. And I am pleased with my work and I am pleased that I was able to work out how to combine two contrasting elements ‘ natural and desirable’ in my design.
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Shinto art. The art used in the worship of Shinto deities *kami 神. The term does not include architecture, but does include painting, sculpture and craft objects. There is a wide range of Shinto art: ritual utensils, saigu 祭具 or saiki 祭器, shrine treasures *shinpou 神宝, other shrine possessions including mirrors, *mishoutai 御正体 or *kakebotoke 懸仏, ornaments and banners, festival carts and palanquins *mikoshi 御輿. The term covers much painting, including pilgrimage paintings *sankei mandara 参詣曼荼羅, scroll paintings of the origin of a shrine engi emaki 縁起絵巻, festival hanging scrolls and screens *sairei-zu 祭礼図, devotional hanging scrolls, and maps e-zu 絵図. There is also a great deal of sculpture, including images of Shinto deities *shinzou 神像 and of their Buddhist identities *honjibutsu 本地仏; and miscellaneous items such as relic containers *sharitou 舎利塔 and votive plaques *ema 絵馬. Most of these categories of items are not limited to Shinto pieces and stylistically are studied along with comparable secular or Buddhist art. For example, an engiemaki is stylistically related to other picture scrolls, *emaki 絵巻 of the same period more closely than to other Shinto art, even if its content elucidates the history of a shrine. Also, a sculpture of the Buddhist equivalent of a kami cannot be distinguished from a Buddhist image unless it has an inscription or it is known that the image was used in the worship of a kami. In contrast, a sculpture of the Shinto form of a kami may not use the artistic conventions associated with Buddhist sculpture. It is believed that in early times the Japanese worshipped natural objects such as rocks, trees and waterfalls, without using buildings or images, and that the making and use of images in worship derived from Buddhism. Extant sculptures of kami, both in their form as kami and as buddhas, date from the late 8c and 9c. The first instance of making an image is believed to be that recorded in TADO JINGUUJI GARAN ENGI SHIZAICHOU 多度神宮寺伽藍縁起資財帳 (Record of Properties of the Associated Temple of Tado Shrine), compiled in 801, which relates the story of the priest Mangan's 満願 conversion of the kami of Tado to Buddhism in 763 and his subsequent portrayal of the kami in a sculpture. Thus, this artistic development appears to have occured well after the introduction of Buddhism in the mid 6c. Extant paintings are much more recent than sculptures, dating from the Kamakura period. although there are records of paintings of kami from earlier times which have not survived. The earliest records of devotional paintings of the landscape of shrines *miya mandara 宮曼荼羅 appear in the third quarter of the 12c and fine paintings associated with shrine cults, particularly *Kasuga mandara 春日曼荼羅, *Sannou mandara 山王曼荼羅 and *Kumano mandara 熊野曼荼羅 survive from the Kamakura period and later. Paintings of these and other shrine cults were used in the shrines' associated temples as symbols of the protection of the kami as well as by devotees and confraternities of devotees kou 講. The history of the shrines was recorded in scrolls, just like the history of Buddhist temples. The illustrated scrolls of the "Kasuga Gongen Miracles" Kasuga Gongen ｇenki-e 春日権現験記絵 (Imperial Collection of 1309), is a particularly long and lavish example of this type of painting. From the 12c it becomes clear that shrines were seen as paradises, both in their own right and as Buddhist paradises or gates to Buddhist paradises. Red, white and green corridors and gates, like the Chinese palaces seen in Buddhist paintings, were added to a number of shrines, such as lwashimizu Hachimanguu 石清水八幡宮 and Kasuga Taisha 春日大社. This idea lies behind the production of shrine paradise paintings such as the Kasuga joudo mandara 春日浄土曼荼羅. Paintings of the welcome of the deceased (see *raigou-zu 来迎図) particularly by *Amida 阿弥陀 or *Jizou 地蔵 also may be set in the landscape of particular shrines. Of particular importance in the history of Shinto art is the separation of Shinto and Buddhism, shinbutsu bunri 神仏分離 that occurred in 1868. All Shinto shrines were required to present their history to the government and remove Buddhist images and paraphernalia. Establishments which were thoroughly mixed had to choose whether they were Shinto or Buddhist. Sites dedicated to the ascetic practices of shugendou 修験道 sites were badly damaged. Even shrines that today are quite purely Shinto once were accompanied by Buddhist temples, and purely Buddhist temples by Shinto shrines. Destruction of Buddhism in general accompanied the separation, and buildings, art and documents were destroyed. Shrine and temple buildings were also moved. In the destruction and confusion much Shinto art was destroyed or moved. Shinbutsu bunri and the rise of nationalism in the first half of the 20c have made the understanding of this art particularly difficult.
Carlisle Cathedral
Carlisle Cathedral is the seat of the Anglican Bishop of Carlisle in Carlisle, Cumbria, England. It was founded as an Augustinian priory and became a cathedral in 1133.
Carlisle is the second smallest of England's ancient cathedrals. Its notable features include figurative stone carving, a set of medieval choir stalls and the largest window in the Flowing Decorated Gothic style in England.
Carlisle Cathedral was begun in 1122, during the reign of King Henry I, as a community of Canons Regular following the reform of the Abbey of Arrouaise in France, which followed a strict form of the canonical life, influenced by the asceticpractices of the Cistercians. Many large churches of Augustinian foundation were built in England during this period as the Archbishop of Canterbury, William de Corbeil, was a member of this order, but Carlisle is one of only four Augustinian churches in England to become a cathedral, most monastic cathedrals being Benedictine. The church was begun by Athelwold, an Englishman, who became the first prior. In 1133, the church was raised to the status of cathedral and Athelwold became the first Bishop of Carlisle (1133–55). In 1233, the cathedral priory community were joined by two friaries in the city. A Dominican friary and a Franciscan friary were founded close to the cathedral. The building was refurbished in the 13th and 14th centuries, receiving impetus from the presence of the court of Edward I in 1307.
In the 15th and early 16th centuries, the monastic buildings were renewed. With the Dissolution of the Monasteries from 1536, and the establishment by Henry VIII of the Church of England as the country's official church, the Dominican and Franciscan friaries were dissolved and Carlisle, along with the other monastic cathedrals, was run by a secular chapter like the cathedrals at Lincoln and York, which practice has continued to this day. During the time of the English Civil War, a portion of the nave of the cathedral was demolished by the Scottish Presbyterian Army in order to use the stone to reinforce Carlisle Castle. Between 1853 and 1870 Carlisle Cathedral was restored by Ewan Christian. In the early 19th century, the cathedral became the subject for a geometric analysis by Robert William Billings.
Carlisle Cathedral was commenced in 1123 as a monastic church, possibly on the foundations of an earlier church, in the Norman architectural style with solid masonry, large round piers, round arches and smallish round headed windows. These features may still be seen in the south transept and the remaining two bays of the nave, which are now used as the Chapel of the Border Regiment. The stone is the local red sandstone, which has discoloured almost to black on parts of the exterior. The building has also suffered from subsidence which is evidenced by the piers, which lean at different angles.
In the 13th century, the choir of the cathedral was rebuilt in the Gothic style, wider than the original and on a different axis. However, the new work was severely damaged in a fire in 1292, and the work was recommenced. By 1322 the arcades and the easternmost bay were complete, with the elaborate tracery and glass of the east window being in place by about 1350. The upper stages of the walls were finished, probably by the architect John Lewen who died in about 1398. The Gothic arcade has richly moulded arches with dog's tooth decoration, and the twelve capitals are carved with vegetation along with small lively figures representing the labours of the months.
The choir is roofed by a fine wooden barrel vault dating from the 14th century. In 1856 this was restored and repainted to a new design by Owen Jones. It is thought the eastern bays of the cathedral never received a stone vault because at some point the central spire blew down, and funds were required to rebuild the damaged tower and north transept, completed in about 1420.
The tracery and stained glass of the East Window
The most significant architectural feature of Carlisle Cathedral is its East Window. The tracery of this window is in the most complex of English Gothic styles, Flowing Decorated Gothic. It is the largest and most complex such window in England, being 51 feet high and 26 feet wide. It has nine lights, and tracery, which, it has been calculated, was drafted from 263 points.The tracery of the window still contains much of its original medieval glass.
Carlisle Cathedral has a fine set of 46 carved wooden choir stalls with misericords, which were installed in the early 15th century. Misericords are hinged seats, "constructed to keep the monks from falling asleep while at prayers,"and carved with numerous figures and creatures. Despite their purpose, the "pillars supporting the canopies bear traces of having been burnt, by weary monks who dropped off to sleep in the midst of their interminable devotions while holding a lighted candle in their hands." The misericords were made out of black oak, and their backs carved with scenes of the legends of St. Anthony the Hermit, St. Cuthbert, St. Augustine, and the twelve apostles, as well as mythical themes. The misericords of Carlisle include typical iconography of "half-length angels, beasts deriving from the Bestiary, hybrid creatures, and narrative scenes, including the inverted world theme of the Woman beating a Man that no decent set of misericords could be without."
The delicate gilt canopy over the High Altar is a modern work designed by Sir Charles Nicholson.
Other buildings of interest in the precinct are the Fratry dating from about 1500 and the Gatehouse of 1527. In mediaeval times the Fratry building was the dining hall of the Cathedral Priory.
Modification of another photo of mine: exposure lowered and saturation raised to bring out the stars and their colors relative to the sky. Interesting features include:
Aldebaran, the brightest star in the 'V' shaped formation to the right, which is probably the main reason the constellation is called Taurus
Theta Tauri, two stars just a few light years apart below and to the right of Aldebaran. Except for Aldebaran, which is 60 light years away, the bright stars in the V are all around 150 ly away.
Down and to the left you can see Orion's shield. The brightest star in the shield, TYC96 or Pi3 Orionis, is just 26 ly away: the shield star just below it (called TYC92) and a little dimmer (magnitude 3.65 to the former's mag 3.18) is almost 1k300 ly away. Therefore, it is one bright mofo, and indeed if the two were switched around TYC92 would shine brighter than Venus, since its absolute magnitude is -4.32! Ironically, Pi3's absolute magnitude is actually dimmer than we see it from earth, since absolute magnitude is calculated from a distance of 32 ly and it is only 26 ly away--and if it were 32 ly away, it would be almost exactly as bright as TYC92 is now (mag 3.66)!
Finally, and the bottom of the picture lies Rigel, the brightest star in Orion, both in terms of what we see and its inherent luminosity. Did you find TYC92's numbers impressive? Rigel will blow you away: at 92 times the radius of the sun, at 0.15 magnitude from earth, and at an absolute magnitude of -6.73, Rigel is a monster. Whereas TYC92's real luminosity is 12k times that of the sun, Rigel's is 51,194 times that of the sun. The only other star in Orion that gives Rigel a run for its money is Alnilam, at -6.42 absolute magnitude and 112k times the luminosity of the sun--so it actually gives off more energy than Rigel, but more of that energy (in light) is outside of the visible spectrum, so it seems dimmer to our limited senses. So in reality, where Rigel is a monster, Alnilam is a titan, the former being only 17 times the mass of the sun while the latter is 40 times the mass of the sun, making it a blue-white supergiant that will live fast and die young with the best of them.
Santorini (Greek: Σαντορίνη, romanized: Santoríni, pronounced [sa(n)doˈrini]), officially Thira (Greek: Θήρα, romanized: Thíra, Greek pronunciation: [ˈθira]) and Classical Greek Thera (English pronunciation /ˈθɪərə/), is an island in the southern Aegean Sea, about 200 km (120 mi) southeast from the Greek mainland. It is the largest island of a small circular archipelago, which bears the same name and is the remnant of a caldera. It is the southernmost member of the Cyclades group of islands, with an area of approximately 73 km2 (28 sq mi) and a 2011 census population of 15,550. The municipality of Santorini includes the inhabited islands of Santorini and Therasia, as well as the uninhabited islands of Nea Kameni, Palaia Kameni, Aspronisi and Christiana. The total land area is 90.623 km2 (34.990 sq mi).[2] Santorini is part of the Thira regional unit.[3]
Santorini / Thira
Σαντορίνη / Θήρα
Municipality
Santorini montage. Clicking on an image in the picture causes the browser to load the appropriate article, if it exists.
Clockwise from top: Partial panoramic view of Santorini, sunset in the village of Oia, ruins of the Stoa Basilica at Ancient Thera, the Orthodox Metropolitan Cathedral of Ypapanti [it] at the town of Fira, the Aegean Sea as seen from Oia, and view of Fira from the island of Nea Kameni at the Santorini caldera.
Santorini / Thira is located in GreeceSantorini / ThiraSantorini / Thira
Location within the region
Coordinates: 36°24′54″N 25°25′57″E
Country
Greece
Administrative region
South Aegean
Regional unit
Thira
Government
• Mayor
Antonis Sigalas
Area
• Municipality
90.69 km2 (35.02 sq mi)
Population (2011)[1]
• Municipality
15,550
• Density
170/km2 (440/sq mi)
• Municipal unit
14,005
• Community
1,857
Time zone
UTC+2 (EET)
• Summer (DST)
UTC+3 (EEST)
Postal code
847 00, 847 02
Area code(s)
22860
Vehicle registration
EM
Website
The island was the site of one of the largest volcanic eruptions in recorded history: the Minoan eruption (sometimes called the Thera eruption), which occurred about 3,600 years ago at the height of the Minoan civilization.[4] The eruption left a large caldera surrounded by volcanic ash deposits hundreds of metres deep.
It is the most active volcanic centre in the South Aegean Volcanic Arc, though what remains today is chiefly a water-filled caldera. The volcanic arc is approximately 500 km (300 mi) long and 20 to 40 km (12 to 25 mi) wide. The region first became volcanically active around 3–4 million years ago,[citation needed] though volcanism on Thera began around 2 million years ago with the extrusion of dacitic lavas from vents around Akrotiri. Wikipedia. Santorini was named by the Latin Empire in the thirteenth century, and is a reference to Saint Irene, from the name of the old church in the village of Perissa – the name Santorini is a contraction of the name Santa Irini.[5][4] Before then, it was known as Kallístē (Καλλίστη, "the most beautiful one"), Strongýlē (Στρογγύλη, "the circular one"),[6] or Thēra. The name Thera was revived in the nineteenth century as the official name of the island and its main city, but the colloquial name Santorini is still in popular use. Thera is the ancient name and it was called like this because of Theras, the leader of the Spartans who colonized it, and gave his name to the island.[7] Wikipedia Excavations starting in 1967 at the Akrotiri site under the late Professor Spyridon Marinatos have made Thera the best-known Minoan site outside Crete, homeland of the culture. The island was not known as Thera at this time. Only the southern tip of a large town has been uncovered, yet it has revealed complexes of multi-level buildings, streets, and squares with remains of walls standing as high as eight metres, all entombed in the solidified ash of the famous eruption of Thera. The site was not a palace-complex as found in Crete nor was it a conglomeration of merchant warehousing. Its excellent masonry and fine wall-paintings reveal a complex community. A loom-workshop suggests organized textile weaving for export. This Bronze Age civilization thrived between 3000 and 2000 BC, reaching its peak in the period between 2000 and 1630 BC.[8]
Many of the houses in Akrotiri are major structures, some of them three storeys high. Its streets, squares, and walls were preserved in the layers of ejecta, sometimes as tall as eight metres, indicating this was a major town. In many houses stone staircases are still intact, and they contain huge ceramic storage jars (pithoi), mills, and pottery. Noted archaeological remains found in Akrotiri are wall paintings or frescoes that have kept their original colour well, as they were preserved under many metres of volcanic ash. Judging from the fine artwork, its citizens were sophisticated and relatively wealthy people. Among more complete frescoes found in one house are two antelopes painted with a confident calligraphic line, a man holding fish strung by their gills, a flotilla of pleasure boats that are accompanied by leaping dolphins, and a scene of women sitting in the shade of light canopies. Fragmentary wall-paintings found at one site are Minoan frescoes that depict "Saffron-gatherers" offering crocus-stamens to a seated woman, perhaps a goddess important to the Akrotiri culture. The themes of the Akrotiri frescoes show no relationship to the typical content of the Classical Greek décor of 510 BC to 323 BC that depict the Greek pantheon deities.
The town also had a highly developed drainage system. Pipes with running water and water closets found at Akrotiri are the oldest such utilities discovered.[9] The pipes run in twin systems, indicating that Therans used both hot and cold water supplies. The origin of the hot water they circulated in the town probably was geothermic, given the volcano's proximity.
The well preserved ruins of the ancient town are often compared to the spectacular ruins at Pompeii in Italy. The canopy covering the ruins collapsed in an accident in September 2005, killing one tourist and injuring seven more. The site was closed for almost seven years while a new canopy was built. The site was re-opened in April 2012.
The oldest signs of human settlement are Late Neolithic (4th millennium BC or earlier), but c. 2000–1650 BC Akrotiri developed into one of the Aegean's major Bronze Age ports, with recovered objects that came not just from Crete, but also from Anatolia, Cyprus, Syria, and Egypt, as well as from the Dodecanese and the Greek mainland. Wikipedia. The Minoan eruption provides a fixed point for the chronology of the second millennium BC in the Aegean, because evidence of the eruption occurs throughout the region and the site itself contains material culture from outside. The eruption occurred during the "Late Minoan IA" period of Minoan chronology at Crete and the "Late Cycladic I" period in the surrounding islands.
Archaeological evidence, based on the established chronology of Bronze Age Mediterranean cultures, dates the eruption to around 1500 BC.[10] These dates, however, conflict with radiocarbon dating which indicates that the eruption occurred at about 1645–1600 BC.[11] For those, and other reasons, the date of the eruption is disputed.
Ancient period
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Picture of a young girl of Santorini, Cultural Center Megaro Gyzi, Fira
Skaros Rock, originally the location of medieval fortifications
The Byzantine Church of Panagia Episkopi
Pyrgos Kallistis village
Presentation of the Theotokos church, Pyrgos village
Santorini remained unoccupied throughout the rest of the Bronze Age, during which time the Greeks took over Crete. At Knossos, in a LMIIIA context (14th century BC), seven Linear B texts while calling upon "all the deities" make sure to grant primacy to an elsewhere-unattested entity called qe-ra-si-ja and, once, qe-ra-si-jo. If the endings -ia[s] and -ios represent an ethnic suffix, then this means "The One From Qeras[os]". If the initial consonant were aspirated, then *Qhera- would have become "Thera-" in later Greek. "Therasia" and its ethnikon "Therasios" are both attested in later Greek; and, since -sos was itself a genitive suffix in the Aegean Sprachbund, *Qeras[os] could also shrink to *Qera. If qe-ra-si-ja was an ethnikon first, then in following the entity the Cretans also feared whence it came.[12]
Probably after what is called the Bronze Age collapse, Phoenicians founded a site on Thera. Herodotus reports that they called the island Callista and lived on it for eight generations.[13] In the ninth century BC, Dorians founded the main Hellenic city on Mesa Vouno, 396 m (1,299 ft) above sea level. This group later claimed that they had named the city and the island after their leader, Theras. Today, that city is referred to as Ancient Thera.
In his Argonautica, written in Hellenistic Egypt in the third century BC, Apollonius Rhodius includes an origin and sovereignty myth of Thera being given by Triton in Libya to the Greek Argonaut Euphemus, son of Poseidon, in the form of a clod of dirt. After carrying the dirt next to his heart for several days, Euphemus dreamt that he nursed the dirt with milk from his breast, and that the dirt turned into a beautiful woman with whom he had sex. The woman then told him that she was a daughter of Triton named Calliste, and that when he threw the dirt into the sea it would grow into an island for his descendants to live on. The poem goes on to claim that the island was named Thera after Euphemus' descendant Theras, son of Autesion, the leader of a group of refugee settlers from Lemnos.
The Dorians have left a number of inscriptions incised in stone, in the vicinity of the temple of Apollo, attesting to pederastic relations between the authors and their lovers (eromenoi). These inscriptions, found by Friedrich Hiller von Gaertringen, have been thought by some archaeologists to be of a ritual, celebratory nature, because of their large size, careful construction and – in some cases – execution by craftsmen other than the authors. According to Herodotus,[14] following a drought of seven years, Thera sent out colonists who founded a number of cities in northern Africa, including Cyrene. In the fifth century BC, Dorian Thera did not join the Delian League with Athens; and during the Peloponnesian War, Thera sided with Dorian Sparta, against Athens. The Athenians took the island during the war, but lost it again after the Battle of Aegospotami. During the Hellenistic period, the island was a major naval base for Ptolemaic Egypt.
Medieval and Ottoman period
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Medieval map of Santorini by Cristoforo Buondelmonti
As with other Greek territories, Thera then was ruled by the Romans. When the Roman Empire was divided, the island passed to the eastern side of the Empire which today is known as the Byzantine Empire.[15] According to George Cedrenus, the volcano erupted again in the summer of 727, the tenth year of the reign of Leo III the Isaurian.[16] He writes: "In the same year, in the summer, a vapour like an oven's fire boiled up for days out of the middle of the islands of Thera and Therasia from the depths of the sea, and the whole place burned like fire, little by little thickening and turning to stone, and the air seemed to be a fiery torch." This terrifying explosion was interpreted as a divine omen against the worship of religious icons[17][18] and gave the Emperor Leo III the Isaurian the justification he needed to begin implementing his Iconoclasm policy.
The name "Santorini" first appears c. 1153-1154 in the work of the Muslim geographer al-Idrisi, as "Santurin", from the island's patron saint, Saint Irene.[19] After the Fourth Crusade, it was occupied by the Duchy of Naxos which held it up to circa 1280 when it was reconquered by Licario (the claims of earlier historians that the island had been held by Jacopo I Barozzi and his son as a fief have been refuted in the second half of the twentieth century);[20][21][22] it was again reconquered from the Byzantines circa 1301 by Iacopo II Barozzi, a member of the Cretan branch of the Venetian Barozzi family, whose descendant held it until it was annexed in c. 1335 by Niccolo Sanudo after various legal and military conflicts.[23] In 1318–1331 and 1345–1360 it was raided by the Turkish principalities of Menteshe and Aydın, but did not suffer much damage.[19] Because of the Venetians the island became home to a sizable Catholic community and is still the seat of a Catholic bishopric.
From the 15th century on, the suzerainty of the Republic of Venice over the island was recognized in a series of treaties by the Ottoman Empire, but this did not stop Ottoman raids, until it was captured by the Ottoman admiral Piyale Pasha in 1576, as part of a process of annexation of most remaining Latin possessions in the Aegean.[19] It became part of the semi-autonomous domain of the Sultan's Jewish favourite, Joseph Nasi. Santorini retained its privileged position in the 17th century, but suffered in turn from Venetian raids during the frequent Ottoman–Venetian wars of the period, even though there were no Muslims on the island.[19]
Santorini was captured briefly by the Russians under Alexey Orlov during the Russo-Turkish War of 1768–1774, but returned to Ottoman control after.
19th century
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In 1807, the islanders were forced by the Sublime Porte to send 50 sailors to Mykonos to serve in the Ottoman navy.[24]
In 1810, Santorini with 32 ships possessed the seventh largest of the Greek fleet after Kefallinia (118), Hydra (120), Psara (60), Ithaca (38) Spetsai (60) and Skopelos (35).[25]
During the last years of Ottoman rule, the majority of residents were farmers and seafarers who exported their abundant produce, while the level of education was improving on the island, with the Monastery of Profitis Ilias being one of the most important monastic centres in the Cyclades.[24]
In 1821 the island was home to 13,235 inhabitants, which within a year had risen to 15,428.[26]
Greek War of Independence
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As part of its plans to foment a revolt against the Ottoman Empire and gain Greek Independence, Alexandros Ypsilantis, the head of the Filiki Eteria in early 1821, dispatched Dimitrios Themelis from Patmos and Evangelis Matzarakis (–1824), a sea captain from Kefalonia who had Santorini connections to establish a network of supporter in the Cyclades.[27] As his authority,[clarification needed] Matzarakis had a letter from Ypsilantis (dated 29 December 1820) addressed to the notables of Santorini and the Orthodox metropolitan bishop Zacharias Kyriakos (served 1814–1842). At the time, the population of Santorini was divided between those who supported independence, and (particularly among the Catholics and non-Orthodox) those who were ambivalent or distrustful of a revolt being directed by Hydra and Spetses or were fearful of the Sultan's revenge. While the island didn't come out in direct support of the revolt, they did send 100 barrels of wine to the Greek fleet as well in April 1821,[clarify] 71 sailors, a priest and the presbyter Nikolaos Dekazas, to serve on the Spetsiote fleet.[24]
Because of the lack of majority support for direct participation in the revolt, it was necessary for Matzarakis to enlist the aid of Kefalonians living in Santorini to, on 5 May 1821[24] (the feast day of the patron saint of the island), raise the flag of the revolution and then expel the Ottoman officials from the island.[27] The Provisional Administration of Greece organized the Aegean islands into six provinces, one of which was Santorini and appointed Matzarakis its governor in April 1822.[28][29] While he was able to raise a large amount of money (double that collected on Naxos), he was soon found to lack the diplomatic skills needed to convince the islanders who had enjoyed considerable autonomy to now accept direction from a central authority and contribute tax revenue to it. He claimed to his superiors that the islanders needed "political re-education" as they did not understand why they had to pay higher taxes than those levied under the Ottomans in order to support the struggle for independence. The hostility against the taxes caused many of the tax collectors to resign.
Things were also not helped by the governor's authoritarian character, arbitrariness and arrests of prominent islanders losing him the support of Zacharias Kyriakos, who had initially supported Matzarakis. In retaliation Matzarakis accused him of being a "Turkophile" and had the archbishop imprisoned and then exiled him. The abbots of the monasteries, the priests and the prelates, complained to Demetrios Ypsilantis, president of the National Assembly.
Matzarakis soon had to hire bodyguards as the island descended into open revolt against him.[27] Fearful for his life Matzarakis later fled the island,[27] and was dismissed from his governorship by Demetrios Ypsilantis. Mazarakis however later represented Santorini in the National Assembly and following his death was succeeded in that position in November 1824 by Pantoleon Augerino.
Once they heard of massacres of the Greek population of Chios in April 1822, many islanders became fearful of Ottoman reprisals, with two villages stating they were prepared to surrender,[27] though sixteen monks from the Monastery of Profitis Ilias, led by their abbot Gerasimos Mavrommatis declared in writing their support for the revolt.[30] Four commissioners for the Aegean islands (among them, Benjamin of Lesvos and Konstantinos Metaxas) appointed by the Provisional Administration of Greece arrived in July 1822 to investigate the issues on Santorini. The commissioners were uncompromising in their support for Matzarakis. With news from Chios fresh in their minds the island's notables eventually arrested Metaxas, with the intention of handing him over to the Ottomans in order to prove their loyalty. He was rescued by his Ionian guards.
Matters became so heated that Antonios Barbarigos (- 1824) who had been serving in the First National Assembly at Epidaurus since 20 January 1820 was seriously wounded in the head by a knife attack on Santorini in October 1822 during a dispute between the factions. In early 1823, the Second National Assembly at Astros, imposed a contribution of 90,000 grosis on Santorini to fund the fight for independence, while in 1836 they also had to contribute in 1826 to the obligatory loan of 190,000 grosis imposed on the Cyclades.[26]
In decree 573 issued by the National Assembly 17 May 1823 Santorini was recognized as one of 15 provinces in the Greek controlled Aegean (nine in the Cyclades and six in the Sporades).[28]
The island became part of the fledgling Greek state under the London Protocol of 3 February 1830, rebelled against the government of Ioannis Kapodistrias in 1831, and became definitively part of the independent Kingdom of Greece in 1832, with the Treaty of Constantinople.[19]
Santorini joined an insurrection that had broken out in Nafplio on 1 February 1862 against the rule of King Otto of Greece. However, the royal authorities was able to quickly restore control and the revolt had been suppressed by 20 March of that year. However, the unrest arose again later in the year which lead to the 23 October 1862 Revolution and the overthrow of King Otto.
World War II
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During the Second World War, Santorini was occupied in 1941 by Italian forces and then by the Germans following the Italian armistice in 1943. In 1944, the German garrison on Santorini was raided by a group of British Special Boat Service Commandos, killing most of its men. Five locals were later shot in reprisal, including the mayor.[31][32]
Post-war
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In general the island's economy continued to decline following World War II with a number of factories closing as a lot of industrial activity relocated after to Athens. In an attempt to improve the local economy the Union of Santorini Cooperatives was established 1947 to process, export and promote the islands agriculture products, in particular its wine. In 1952 they constructed near the village of Monolithos what is today the island's only remaining tomato processing factory. The island's tourism in the early 1950s generally took the form of small numbers of wealthy tourists on yacht cruises though the Aegean. The island's children would present arriving passengers with flowers and bid them happy sailing by lighting small lanterns along the steps from Fira down to the port, offering them a beautiful farewell spectacle. Once such visitor was the actress Olivia de Havilland who visited the island in September 1955 at the invitation of Petros Nomikos.[33]
In the early 1950s the shipping magnate Evangelos P. Nomikos and his wife Loula decided to support their birthplace and so asked residents to choose whether they wanted the couple to pay for the construction of either a hotel or a hospital, to which local authorities replied that they would prefer a hotel. As a result, in 1952, the Nomikos' commissioned the architect Venetsanos to undertake the design and paid for the construction of the Hotel Atlantis, which was at the time the most glamorous hotel in the Cyclades.[34]
In 1954, Santorini had approximately 12,000 inhabitants and very few visitors. The only modes of transport on the island were a jeep, a small bus and the island's traditional donkeys and mules.
1956 earthquake
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At 3:11am on 9 July 1956 an earthquake with a magnitude (depending on the particular study) of 7.5,[35] 7.6,[35] 7.7[36] or 7.8[37] struck 30 km south of the island of Amorgos. It was the largest earthquake of the 20th century in Greece and had a devastating impact on Santorini.[37][36] It was followed by aftershocks, the most significant being the first occurring at 03:24, 13 minutes after the main shock, which had a 7.2 magnitude.[37] This aftershock which originated close to the island of Anafi is believed to have been responsible for most of the damage and casualties on Santorini.[37] The earthquake was accompanied by a tsunami which while much higher at other islands is estimated to have reached 3 metres at Perissa and 2 metres at Vlichada on Santorini.[37]
Immediately following the earthquake the Greek Prime Minister Konstantinos Karamanlis declared Santorini a state of "large-scale local disaster" and visited the island to inspect the situation on 14 July.[38]
Many countries have offered to send relief efforts, though Greece refused to accept the offer of the United Kingdom to send warships to help from Cyprus where they were involved in the Cyprus Emergency.[38]
As there was no airport the Greek military made air drops of food, tents and supplies, while camps for the homeless were established on the outskirts of Fira.[39]
On Santorini the earthquakes killed 53 people and injured another 100.[40][38] On Santorini 35% of the houses collapsed and 45% suffered major or minor damage.[38] In total, 529 houses were destroyed, 1,482 were severely damaged and 1,750 lightly damaged.[38] Almost all public buildings were completely destroyed. One of the largest buildings that survived unscathed was the newly built Hotel Atlantis, which allowed it to be used as a temporary hospital and to house public services. The greatest damage was experienced on the Western side along the edge of the caldera, especially at Oia, with parts of the ground collapsing into the sea. The damage from the earthquake reduced most of the population to extreme poverty and caused many to leave the island in search of better opportunities with most settling in Athens.[38]
Tourism
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Sinking of Sea Diamond, 2007
The expansion of tourism in recent years has resulted in the growth of the economy and population. Santorini was ranked the world's top island by many magazines and travel sites, including the Travel+Leisure Magazine,[41] the BBC,[42] as well as the US News.[43] An estimated 2 million tourists visit annually.[44] In recent years, Santorini has been emphasising sustainable development and the promotion of special forms of tourism, the organization of major events such as conferences and sport activities.
The island's pumice quarries have been closed since 1986, in order to preserve the caldera. In 2007, the cruise ship MS Sea Diamond ran aground and sank inside the caldera. As of 2019, Santorini is a particular draw for Asian couples who come to Santorini to have pre-wedding photos taken against the backdrop of the island's landscape.[45] Wikipedia
A clear sky, so a chance to "see" Comet A3. It was very faint. I couldn't actually see it with my naked eyes.
August 15, 2019- New York City, NY- Governor Andrew Cuomo advances First-In-The-Nation Domestic Terrorism Law to include mass violence motivated hate.
1960s sites include:
Winchester Mystery House
San Jose Airport (since demolished)
Japanese Friendship Garden
2020 sites include:
Santana Row featuring (gasp!) Urban Outfitters and Starbuck's
Valley Fair featuring Macy's, the Gap, and Starbuck's
Downtown San Jose featuring scooters, brews, and Starbuck's
Weeeee!!!
Includes cherry tree, raspberries, strawberries, red currants , prune tree, and many green veggies, includes wild service berries
I found this skeletal leaf in the garden today - as I was giving the lawn its first cut. Must be the coldest I've even been whilst mowing the grass.
A macro shot with the leaf taped to a window. Uploaded at full 24MP resolution. It wasn't quite flat, so some parts aren't full sharp, but it shows the all the detail
L'exposition Phares regroupe dans la grande nef du Centre Pompidou Metz, des œuvres de grande taille, et donc rarement présentées.
Ces œuvres proviennent exclusivement des collections du Centre Pompidou Musée d'Art Moderne de Paris.
Exposition semi-permanente, devant durer au moins deux ans.
Venez nombreux la voir. Beaucoup plus impressionnante que sur la vision photographique déformée et étroite.
The exhibition "Phares" includes inside the Grande Nef of the Centre Pompidou Metz, monumental works, and therefore rarely seen.
These major works come exclusively from collections of the Centre Pompidou Museum of Modern Art in Paris.
Extended temporary exhibition, to last at least two years.
Come discover this concentrated masterpiece. Much more impressive than the narrow and distorted photographic vision.
Low cloud today, so no chance to see the Matterhorn, but still some interesting views between the clouds
Digitised image from the Town Hall Photographer's Collection - GB127.M850
The Town Hall Photographer’s Collection is a large photographic collection held in Manchester City Council’s Central Library archives, ranging in date from 1956 to 2007.
The collection consists of tens of thousands of images, covering the varied areas of work of Manchester Corporation and latterly, Manchester City Council.
The photographs were taken by staff photographers, who were tasked to document the work of Corporation/Council departments and, in doing so, captured many aspects of Manchester life and history, including significant changes to the Manchester landscape.
The collection includes many different formats from glass negatives, to slides, prints, CDs and even a couple of cine films.
What is especially exciting is that the majority of these images have never before been available in a digital format and therefore have only ever been seen by a handful of people.
A team of dedicated Staff and Volunteers are currently working on the systematic digitisation of the negatives held within the collection.
This album represents the result of their work to date.
The Beacon opened to the public on 28 March 2013
The Beacon is 80ft high and has seven floors
There are 132 steps (and a lift!)
The Beacon took 12 months to build
It includes a two-storey café with open terraces offering 360 degree views
There are four floors of business space
A sky lounge for meetings and events
The top floor is an open roof terrace offering fantastic views all year round
Eco features include an energy efficient heat recovery system and solar reflective glazing
The Beacon is included in a LED lights installation which runs the full length of the seafront to the bandstand
The project is part funded by the Council, One North East and the European Regional Development Fund 2007-2013.
Redcar is a seaside town on the Yorkshire Coast in the Redcar and Cleveland unitary authority in the ceremonial county of North Yorkshire, England. It is located 7 miles (11 km) east of Middlesbrough.
The Teesside built-up area's Redcar subdivision had a population of 37,073 at the 2011 Census. The town is made up of Coatham, Dormanstown, Kirkleatham, Newcomen, West Dyke, Wheatlands and Zetland.
It gained a town charter in 1922, from then until 1968 it was governed by the municipal borough of Redcar. Since the abolition of County Borough of Teesside, which existed from 1968 until 1974, the town has been unparished.
Redcar occupies a low-lying site by the sea; the second element of its name is from Old Norse kjarr, meaning 'marsh', and the first may be either Old English (Anglo-Saxon) rēad meaning 'red' or OE hrēod 'reed'. The town originated as a fishing hamlet in the 14th century, trading with the larger adjacent hamlet of Coatham. Until the mid-19th century it was within the parish of Marske-by-the-Sea – mentioned in the Domesday Book of 1086.
Numerous ships have foundered off the Redcar coastline and many of their wrecks still exist. The Zetland is the world's oldest surviving lifeboat. It was built by Henry Greathead of South Shields and is housed in a volunteer-led sea-front museum. The lifeboat was first stationed at Redcar in 1802.
As seaside holidays became fashionable in the early 19th century, Redcar's facilities expanded. By 1841, Redcar had 794 inhabitants. In 1846, work was completed on the Middlesbrough and Redcar Railway and the presently named Redcar Central station, created to attract tourism and trade.
Redcar's population expansion corresponded with Middlesbrough's, with the discovery in 1850 of iron ore in the Eston area of Cleveland Hills. Redcar prospered as a seaside town drawing tourists attracted by eight miles of sands stretching from South Gare to Saltburn-by-the-Sea.
Plans for a pier were drawn up in 1866, but lay dormant until prompted by the announcement of plans to build a pier at Coatham in 1871. Coatham Pier was wrecked before it was completed when two sailing ships were driven through it in a storm. It had to be shortened because of the cost of repairs and was re-opened with an entrance with two kiosks and a roller-skating rink on the Redcar side, and a bandstand halfway along its length.
Redcar Racecourse was created in 1875. Redcar Pier, another pier as well as Coatham Pier, was built in the late 1870s. In October 1880 the brig Luna caused £1,000 worth of damage to this pier. In New Year's Eve 1885 SS Cochrane demolished the landing stage. and in 1897 the schooner Amarant went through the pier. A year later, its head and bandstand burned down.
In October 1898 the Coatham Pier was almost wrecked when the barque Birger struck it and the pier was thereafter allowed to disintegrate. An anchor from the Birger can be seen on the sea front pavement close to the Zetland Lifeboat Museum.
In 1907 a pavilion ballroom was built on Redcar Pier behind the entrance kiosks and in 1928 it was extended. A glass house for concerts was added to the remains of Coatham Pier's entrance. The presently named Redcar East railway station was built in 1929.
In 1929 Coatham Pier's glasshouse was replaced by the New Pavilion theatre. After the war, comedian and entertainer Larry Grayson coined his catchphrase "Shut that Door!" while performing there, since the stage door was open to the cold North Sea breeze.
Redcar Pier was deliberately breached (sectioned) in 1940 to prevent its use by enemy invasion forces. As a result of sectioning, damage by a mine explosion and deterioration it was never reconnected and instead allowed to become even more dilapidated.
In 1964 the New Pavilion Theatre was transformed into the Regent Cinema. The Redcar Pier pavilion continued in use after the war but storm damage led to it being declared unsafe and it was demolished in 1980–1981.
The town's main employers in the post-war era were the nearby Teesside Steelworks at Warrenby, founded by Dorman Long in 1917, and the ICI Wilton chemical works. The steel produced at Dorman Long was used to build the Sydney Harbour Bridge, Tyne Bridge, Auckland Harbour Bridge and many others. Both the Warrenby and Lackenby sites became part of Tata Steel when Corus was taken over in 2007, but continued to trade under the Corus name until at least February 2008. SSI bought the plant from Tata Steel in February 2011, for £320 million.
After a two-year hiatus following the mothballing of the plant in February 2010, steel was once again being made at Redcar. The Thai owners of the former Corus Plant at Lackenby, Sahaviriya Steel Industries (SSI), re-ignited the blast furnace, one of the largest in Europe, on 15 April 2012.
On 18 September 2015, production was paused due to the decline in steel prices. On 28 September 2015, the plant was "mothballed" amid poor steel trading conditions across the world and a drop in steel prices. On 2 October, the owner of the site, SSI UK, entered liquidation. On 12 October 2015 the administrator announced that there was no realistic prospect of finding a buyer and the ovens would be extinguished.
Wards periodically change, as of 2018 the town is made up of Coatham, Dormanstown, Kirkleatham, Newcomen, West Dyke, Wheatlands and Zetland. Redcar is made up of areas that do not lend their name to a ward: Warrenby, Lakes Estate, Redcar East, The Ings, Ings Farm, Mickledales and Westfield.
On 5 May 2011 Redcar elected its councillors to Redcar & Cleveland Borough Council. There was a by-election on 18 November 2011 for two vacant seats in the Zetland ward, held onto by the Liberal Democrats, and on 19 January 2012 there was a by-election for a vacant seat in Newcomen ward subsequently gained by Labour from the Liberal Democrats.
Redcar was formerly a township and chapelry in the parishes of Marske and Upleatham, in 1866 Redcar became a separate civil parish. A district in Redcar's name formed in 1885. Three years after the district was formed, the centuries-old Yorkshire authority was replaced by the North Riding of Yorkshire county council. The district became an urban district in 1894.
The settlement's town charter occurred in 1922, the district was able to be styled as a municipal borough and the settlement as a town. On 1 April 1974 the parish was abolished and merged with Teesside and Marske. On 1 April 1968 the municipal borough was abolished merged into the County Borough of Teesside, part also went to Saltburn and Marske by the Sea Urban District. This removed it from the administrative county however still ceremonially in the area. In 1961 the parish had a population of 31,460.
The 1974 reform created the non-metropolitan County of Cleveland, under the Langbaurgh non-metropolitan district. The county was also inserted into the North East England region. After further changes in 1996, the district became a unitary authority called Redcar & Cleveland in the ceremonial county of North Yorkshire, the county straddling two regions of England.
The North East England region was sub-divided into combined authorities, in May 2017 the Tees Valley area voted for their first mayor. The Conservative candidate, Ben Houchen, won the election and is now in his second term.
From 1987 to 2001, the local Member of Parliament (MP) was Mo Mowlam. From 2001 to 2010 the MP was Vera Baird. In the 2010 general election there was a swing to the Liberal Democrats with Ian Swales being elected. But, in the 2015 general election, Anna Turley, a Labour MP, won back Redcar. In the snap 2017 general election, Anna Turley held onto that seat. In the general election on 12 December 2019, Anna Turley lost her seat to Conservative candidate Jacob Young with a majority of 3,527 votes. Young becomes the third conservative MP to represent Redcar, the first being Royal Naval Commander Robert Tatton Bower 1931 to 1945 and Scarborough businessman Wilfred Proudfoot between 1959 and 1964 when Redcar was part of the Cleveland constituency.
The Palace Hub, on the beach front, was built by Redcar and Cleveland Council for the creative and cultural sector of the town. An art gallery and business start up centre are located in the building. The main library is in the Redcar Heart building in the centre of the town and there is a long-standing Redcar Literary Institute, which was founded in 1896.
Redcar is home to the Tuned In! Centre, which opened in 2011 and overlooks the sea front. The multi purpose venue hosts live music as well as creative workshops for young people. The annual event Clubland on the Beach, which showcases dance acts attracting visitors from across the country, has been held at Majuba Road in Redcar for the past three years.
The town has had several parks built for tourism: Coatham Enclosure, Locke Park, Zetland Park, Lily Park, an Amusement Park with a roller coaster, and a small sea front park known locally as Titty Bottle Park. The Amusement Park near the railway closed decades ago, and Titty Bottle Park was absorbed into the redeveloped sea front around Redcar Beacon.
At the west end of High Street is a Grade II listed clock tower, a memorial to King Edward VII who was a regular visitor to Redcar. The tower has now been refurbished.
Construction of the Redcar Beacon started in 2011. In 2013, when the building had been completed, it was nominated for the Building Design Carbuncle Cup for worst new building. It came third in the whole of the UK. In December 2015, the Beacon was damaged by winds from Storm Desmond, with several large pieces of panelling falling onto the beach below. It was also damaged in winter 2016, where a panel from the top fell off in a storm.
There are 23 listed buildings in Redcar. The Grade I Listed Sir William Turner's Hospital in Kirkleatham was built between 1674–1676 and listed on the 14 June 1952.
On the Esplanade is the Grade II-Listed Zetland Lifeboat Museum housing the world's oldest lifeboat Zetland Lifeboat.
The Victorian, former Coatham Hotel stands on Newcomen Terrace sea front.[36][37] The ballroom of the hotel was home to the Redcar Jazz Club, a venue for the up-and-coming bands of the late 1960s and early 1970s.
In the south-east of Redcar is an aircraft listening post built in 1916 during the First World War as part of a regional defence system to detect approaching aircraft, principally Zeppelins, and give early warning.It is an example of an acoustic mirror, of which other examples can be found along the east coast of Britain. The mirror was used up until the invention of radar and although it was built on open fields today a modern housing estate now surrounds it. Only the concrete sound mirror remains and is now a Grade II listed building.
To the east of Redcar is the grade II* listed Church of St Peter, designed by Ignatius Bonomi and built 1822–29. In 1818, Lord Dundas gave land for a church, St Peters. The foundation stone was laid by Lady Turner of Kirkleatham in 1823. Initially it was a daughter church of Marske, but became an independent parish in 1867. It has a window commemorating local benefactor Sir William Turner.
Redcar has two railway stations, on the Tees Valley line, with trains operated by Northern and TransPennine Express, namely Redcar Central and Redcar East. A third station Redcar British Steel, which closed in December 2019, served the steelworks.
The main roads through the town are the A1085 and the A1042, with the A174 bypassing. Redcar is served primarily by Arriva North East buses, connecting Redcar with the surrounding towns and villages.
The Pangea North and CANTAT-3 submarine telecommunication cables both come ashore between Redcar and Marske-by-the-Sea.
See also: List of schools in Redcar and Cleveland
The town's further education college is Redcar & Cleveland College.
The town's secondary schools are: Outwood Academy Redcar, Sacred Heart Catholic Secondary and Rye Hills Academy.
There are eleven primary schools in Redcar: Coatham, Dormanstown, Green Gates, Ings Farm, John E Batty, Lakes, Newcomen, Riverdale, St Benedict's, Wheatlands and Zetland.
Local news and television programmes are provided by BBC North East and Cumbria and ITV Tyne Tees, the local television station TalkTeesside also broadcasts to the area. Television signals are received from the Bilsdale TV transmitter.
Local radio stations are BBC Radio Tees, Heart North East, Capital North East, Smooth North East, Greatest Hits Radio Teesside, and Zetland FM, a community based radio station which broadcast from its studios on Newcomen Terrace in the town.
The town is served by the local newspapers, East Cleveland Herald & Post which is published by the TeessideLive. The Northern Echo also covers the area.
In Coatham is Cleveland Golf Club, the first golf club to be formed in Yorkshire. It was established in 1887 and is a links course. Also in Coatham is Redcar Cricket Club, which play in the NYSD league, and Redcar Running Club.
In association football, Redcar Athletic currently compete in the Northern League Division One while Redcar Town play in Northern League Division Two. Redcar Rugby Union Football club play at Mackinlay Park.
Redcar Racecourse is one of nine thoroughbred horse racecourses in Yorkshire. There is also a motorcycle speedway racing team, the Redcar Bears racing in the SGB Championship. The race track is at the South Tees Motorsport Park in Southbank Street, South Bank and is unusual in that one bend is more highly banked than the other. The team was formerly captained by 1992 World Champion Gary Havelock and was formerly managed by his father Brian.
The town is set to host the 2022 Tour of Britain stage four, UCI Europe Tour cycling race. The town was previously set to host a stage of the Tour de Yorkshire, the event was affected by the COVID-19 pandemic.
Notable people
Gertrude Bell, colonial administrator and contemporary of Lawrence of Arabia spent her youthful years at Red Barns House in Coatham,[ which became, for a time, the Red Barns Hotel and a listed building.
The surviving negatives of Redcar photographer Alfred Edward Graham (1882–1945) were acquired by Redcar Urban District Council's Library and Museum Committee and are now held by the Redcar and Cleveland Museum Service.
Rex Hunt, governor of the Falkland Islands during the 1982 invasion by Argentina, attended Coatham School.
The former Secretary of State for Northern Ireland, Mo Mowlam, represented Redcar parliamentary constituency in the House of Commons.
Film and television actors Pip Donaghy June Laverick, and Wendy Hall, and actor/director/producer Robert Porter were all born in Redcar.
Actor and radio actor Felicity Finch, famous for her part in the Archers BBC Radio 4 drama series, playing Ruth Archer, was also born and grew up in Redcar.
Singer David Coverdale, lead singer with Deep Purple and Whitesnake lived in Redcar as a youth and worked in the Gentry clothes shop on Coatham Road.
Chris Norman, founder member and former lead singer of Smokie was born in Redcar.
Pete York, drummer with the Spencer Davis Group and session drummer was born in Redcar.
Paralympian, Baroness Tanni Grey-Thompson, originally from Wales, lived in Redcar for a number of years with her husband and daughter.
2011 and 2016 UCI Downhill World Champion Danny Hart was born in and currently lives in Redcar, he is frequently nicknamed "The Redcar Rocket" by commentators.
David Wheater, Bolton Wanderers and England national football team central defender, grew up and still lives in Redcar.
Snooker player Mike Dunn was born in Middlesbrough but lives in Redcar.[citation needed]
Jordan Jones, Rangers FC and Northern Ireland national football team midfielder was born in Redcar
Hayden Hackney, Middlesbrough F.C. midfielder was born in Redcar
Dylan Cartlidge, singer and multi-instrumentalist grew up in Redcar
Film and television
A location from the film Atonement
In 2006, Redcar was used as a location for the film adaptation of the Ian McEwan novel Atonement. The Coatham Hotel, Regent Cinema, a section of Newcomen Terrace and part of the beach were dressed as 1940s Dunkirk. Filming took place across three days in August 2006, with local men playing the soldiers.
In 2010, Redcar was featured on the Channel 4 television programme The Secret Millionaire. David Jamilly a humanitarian, philanthropist and self-made millionaire, visited the Redcar community and gave £25,000 to Zoë's Place for a sensory room, £25,000 to Redcar Amateur Boxing Club to start an Olympic fund, and £25,000 to Sid's Place for special counselling.
There was a subsequent visit on 14 May to a screening at Redcar's cinema, attended by the mayor and mayoress along with all the charities and people involved. The feature of the documentary involved the closure of the nearby Corus steelworks as well as the charities. On 9 December 2011, Jamilly opened the new Redcar Education Development centre in Park Avenue, Redcar. The centre provides day care for adults with learning difficulties. He also opened the Redcar Primary Care Hospital on 9 December 2011 and the new Sid's Place on 15 December 2011.
The town was filmed for the 2018 BBC television documentary The Mighty Redcar. The four-part series followed young people from Redcar and surrounding towns as they completed their studies and looked for work.
North Yorkshire is a ceremonial county in the Yorkshire and the Humber and North East regions of England. It borders County Durham to the north, the North Sea to the east, the East Riding of Yorkshire to the south-east, South Yorkshire to the south, West Yorkshire to the south-west, and Cumbria and Lancashire to the west. Northallerton is the county town.
The county is the largest in England by land area, at 9,020 km2 (3,480 sq mi), and has a population of 1,158,816. The largest settlements are Middlesbrough (174,700) in the north-east and the city of York (152,841) in the south. Middlesbrough is part of the Teesside built-up area, which extends into County Durham and has a total population of 376,663. The remainder of the county is rural, and the largest towns are Harrogate (73,576) and Scarborough (61,749). For local government purposes the county comprises four unitary authority areas — York, Middlesbrough, Redcar and Cleveland, and North Yorkshire — and part of a fifth, Stockton-on-Tees.
The centre of the county contains a wide plain, called the Vale of Mowbray in the north and Vale of York in the south. The North York Moors lie to the east, and south of them the Vale of Pickering is separated from the main plain by the Howardian Hills. The west of the county contains the Yorkshire Dales, an extensive upland area which contains the source of the River Ouse/Ure and many of its tributaries, which together drain most of the county. The Dales also contain the county's highest point, Whernside, at 2,415 feet (736 m).
North Yorkshire non-metropolitan and ceremonial county was formed on 1 April 1974 as a result of the Local Government Act 1972. It covered most of the North Riding of Yorkshire, as well as northern parts of the West Riding of Yorkshire, northern and eastern East Riding of Yorkshire and the former county borough of York. Northallerton, as the former county town for the North Riding, became North Yorkshire's county town. In 1993 the county was placed wholly within the Yorkshire and the Humber region.
Some areas which were part of the former North Riding were in the county of Cleveland for twenty-two years (from 1974 to 1996) and were placed in the North East region from 1993. On 1 April 1996, these areas (Middlesbrough, Redcar and Cleveland and Stockton borough south of the River Tees) became part of the ceremonial county as separate unitary authorities. These areas remain within the North East England region.
Also on 1 April 1996, the City of York non-metropolitan district and parts of the non-metropolitan county (Haxby and nearby rural areas) became the City of York unitary authority.
On 1 April 2023, the non-metropolitan county became a unitary authority. This abolished eight councils and extended the powers of the county council to act as a district council.
The York and North Yorkshire Combined Authority held its first meeting on 22 January 2024, assumed its powers on 1 February 2024 and the first mayor is to be elected in May 2024.
The geology of North Yorkshire is closely reflected in its landscape. Within the county are the North York Moors and most of the Yorkshire Dales, two of eleven areas in England and Wales to be designated national parks. Between the North York Moors in the east and the Pennine Hills. The highest point is Whernside, on the Cumbrian border, at 2,415 feet (736 m). A distinctive hill to the far north east of the county is Roseberry Topping.
North Yorkshire contains several major rivers. The River Tees is the most northerly, forming part of the border between North Yorkshire and County Durham in its lower reaches and flowing east through Teesdale before reaching the North Sea near Redcar. The Yorkshire Dales are the source of many of the county's major rivers, including the Aire, Lune, Ribble, Swale, Ure, and Wharfe.[10] The Aire, Swale, and Wharfe are tributaries of the Ure/Ouse, which at 208 km (129 mi) long is the sixth-longest river in the United Kingdom. The river is called the Ure until it meets Ouse Gill beck just below the village of Great Ouseburn, where it becomes the Ouse and flows south before exiting the county near Goole and entering the Humber estuary. The North York Moors are the catchment for a number of rivers: the Leven which flows north into the Tees between Yarm and Ingleby Barwick; the Esk flows east directly into the North Sea at Whitby as well as the Rye (which later becomes the Derwent at Malton) flows south into the River Ouse at Goole.
North Yorkshire contains a small section of green belt in the south of the county, which surrounds the neighbouring metropolitan area of Leeds along the North and West Yorkshire borders. It extends to the east to cover small communities such as Huby, Kirkby Overblow, and Follifoot before covering the gap between the towns of Harrogate and Knaresborough, helping to keep those towns separate.
The belt adjoins the southernmost part of the Yorkshire Dales National Park, and the Nidderdale AONB. It extends into the western area of Selby district, reaching as far as Tadcaster and Balne. The belt was first drawn up from the 1950s.
The city of York has an independent surrounding belt area affording protections to several outlying settlements such as Haxby and Dunnington, and it too extends into the surrounding districts.
North Yorkshire has a temperate oceanic climate, like most of the UK. There are large climate variations within the county. The upper Pennines border on a Subarctic climate. The Vale of Mowbray has an almost Semi-arid climate. Overall, with the county being situated in the east, it receives below-average rainfall for the UK. Inside North Yorkshire, the upper Dales of the Pennines are one of the wettest parts of England, where in contrast the driest parts of the Vale of Mowbray are some of the driest areas in the UK.
Summer temperatures are above average, at 22 °C. Highs can regularly reach up to 28 °C, with over 30 °C reached in heat waves. Winter temperatures are below average, with average lows of 1 °C. Snow and Fog can be expected depending on location. The North York Moors and Pennines have snow lying for an average of between 45 and 75 days per year. Sunshine is most plentiful on the coast, receiving an average of 1,650 hours a year. It reduces further west in the county, with the Pennines receiving 1,250 hours a year.
The county borders multiple counties and districts:
County Durham's County Durham, Darlington, Stockton (north Tees) and Hartlepool;
East Riding of Yorkshire's East Riding of Yorkshire;
South Yorkshire's City of Doncaster;
West Yorkshire's City of Wakefield, City of Leeds and City of Bradford;
Lancashire's City of Lancaster, Ribble Valley and Pendle
Cumbria's Westmorland and Furness.
The City of York Council and North Yorkshire Council formed the York and North Yorkshire Combined Authority in February 2024. The elections for the first directly-elected mayor will take place in May 2024. Both North Yorkshire Council and the combined authority are governed from County Hall, Northallerton.
The Tees Valley Combined Authority was formed in 2016 by five unitary authorities; Middlesbrough, Redcar and Cleveland Borough both of North Yorkshire, Stockton-on-Tees Borough (Uniquely for England, split between North Yorkshire and County Durham), Hartlepool Borough and Darlington Borough of County Durham.
In large areas of North Yorkshire, agriculture is the primary source of employment. Approximately 85% of the county is considered to be "rural or super sparse".
Other sectors in 2019 included some manufacturing, the provision of accommodation and meals (primarily for tourists) which accounted for 19 per cent of all jobs. Food manufacturing employed 11 per cent of workers. A few people are involved in forestry and fishing in 2019. The average weekly earnings in 2018 were £531. Some 15% of workers declared themselves as self-employed. One report in late 2020 stated that "North Yorkshire has a relatively healthy and diverse economy which largely mirrors the national picture in terms of productivity and jobs.
Mineral extraction and power generation are also sectors of the economy, as is high technology.
Tourism is a significant contributor to the economy. A study of visitors between 2013 and 2015 indicated that the Borough of Scarborough, including Filey, Whitby and parts of the North York Moors National Park, received 1.4m trips per year on average. A 2016 report by the National Park, states the park area gets 7.93 million visitors annually, generating £647 million and supporting 10,900 full-time equivalent jobs.
The Yorkshire Dales have also attracted many visitors. In 2016, there were 3.8 million visits to the National Park including 0.48 million who stayed at least one night. The parks service estimates that this contributed £252 million to the economy and provided 3,583 full-time equivalent jobs. The wider Yorkshire Dales area received 9.7 million visitors who contributed £644 million to the economy. The North York Moors and Yorkshire Dales are among England's best known destinations.
York is a popular tourist destination. A 2014 report, based on 2012 data, stated that York alone receives 6.9 million visitors annually; they contribute £564 million to the economy and support over 19,000 jobs. In the 2017 Condé Nast Traveller survey of readers, York rated 12th among The 15 Best Cities in the UK for visitors. In a 2020 Condé Nast Traveller report, York rated as the sixth best among ten "urban destinations [in the UK] that scored the highest marks when it comes to ... nightlife, restaurants and friendliness".
During February 2020 to January 2021, the average property in North Yorkshire county sold for £240,000, up by £8100 over the previous 12 months. By comparison, the average for England and Wales was £314,000. In certain communities of North Yorkshire, however, house prices were higher than average for the county, as of early 2021: Harrogate (average value: £376,195), Knaresborough (£375,625), Tadcaster (£314,278), Leyburn (£309,165) and Ripon (£299,998), for example.
This is a chart of trend of regional gross value added for North Yorkshire at current basic prices with figures in millions of British pounds sterling.
Unemployment in the county was traditionally low in recent years, but the lockdowns and travel restrictions necessitated by the COVID-19 pandemic had a negative effect on the economy during much of 2020 and into 2021. The UK government said in early February 2021 that it was planning "unprecedented levels of support to help businesses [in the UK] survive the crisis". A report published on 1 March 2021 stated that the unemployment rate in North Yorkshire had "risen to the highest level in nearly 5 years – with under 25s often bearing the worst of job losses".
York experienced high unemployment during lockdown periods. One analysis (by the York and North Yorkshire Local Enterprise Partnership) predicted in August 2020 that "as many as 13,835 jobs in York will be lost in the scenario considered most likely, taking the city's unemployment rate to 14.5%". Some critics claimed that part of the problem was caused by "over-reliance on the booming tourism industry at the expense of a long-term economic plan". A report in mid June 2020 stated that unemployment had risen 114 per cent over the previous year because of restrictions imposed as a result of the pandemic.
Tourism in the county was expected to increase after the restrictions imposed due the pandemic are relaxed. One reason for the expected increase is the airing of All Creatures Great and Small, a TV series about the vet James Herriot, based on a successful series of books; it was largely filmed within the Yorkshire Dales National Park. The show aired in the UK in September 2020 and in the US in early 2021. One source stated that visits to Yorkshire websites had increased significantly by late September 2020.
The East Coast Main Line (ECML) bisects the county stopping at Northallerton,Thirsk and York. Passenger service companies in the area are London North Eastern Railway, Northern Rail, TransPennine Express and Grand Central.
LNER and Grand Central operate services to the capital on the ECML, Leeds Branch Line and the Northallerton–Eaglescliffe Line. LNER stop at York, Northallerton and on to County Durham or spur over to the Tees Valley Line for Thornaby and Middlesbrough. The operator also branch before the county for Leeds and run to Harrogate and Skipton. Grand Central stop at York, Thirsk Northallerton and Eaglescliffe then over to the Durham Coast Line in County Durham.
Northern operates the remaining lines in the county, including commuter services on the Harrogate Line, Airedale Line and York & Selby Lines, of which the former two are covered by the Metro ticketing area. Remaining branch lines operated by Northern include the Yorkshire Coast Line from Scarborough to Hull, York–Scarborough line via Malton, the Hull to York Line via Selby, the Tees Valley Line from Darlington to Saltburn via Middlesbrough and the Esk Valley Line from Middlesbrough to Whitby. Last but certainly not least, the Settle-Carlisle Line runs through the west of the county, with services again operated by Northern.
The county suffered badly under the Beeching cuts of the 1960s. Places such as Richmond, Ripon, Tadcaster, Helmsley, Pickering and the Wensleydale communities lost their passenger services. Notable lines closed were the Scarborough and Whitby Railway, Malton and Driffield Railway and the secondary main line between Northallerton and Harrogate via Ripon.
Heritage railways within North Yorkshire include: the North Yorkshire Moors Railway, between Pickering and Grosmont, which opened in 1973; the Derwent Valley Light Railway near York; and the Embsay and Bolton Abbey Steam Railway. The Wensleydale Railway, which started operating in 2003, runs services between Leeming Bar and Redmire along a former freight-only line. The medium-term aim is to operate into Northallerton station on the ECML, once an agreement can be reached with Network Rail. In the longer term, the aim is to reinstate the full line west via Hawes to Garsdale on the Settle-Carlisle line.
York railway station is the largest station in the county, with 11 platforms and is a major tourist attraction in its own right. The station is immediately adjacent to the National Railway Museum.
The main road through the county is the north–south A1(M), which has gradually been upgraded in sections to motorway status since the early 1990s. The only other motorways within the county are the short A66(M) near Darlington and a small stretch of the M62 motorway close to Eggborough. The other nationally maintained trunk routes are the A168/A19, A64, A66 and A174.
Long-distance coach services are operated by National Express and Megabus. Local bus service operators include Arriva Yorkshire, Stagecoach, Harrogate Bus Company, The Keighley Bus Company, Scarborough & District (East Yorkshire), Yorkshire Coastliner, First York and the local Dales & District.
There are no major airports in the county itself, but nearby airports include Teesside International (Darlington), Newcastle and Leeds Bradford.
The main campus of Teesside University is in Middlesbrough, while York contains the main campuses of the University of York and York St John University. There are also two secondary campuses in the county: CU Scarborough, a campus of Coventry University, and Queen's Campus, Durham University in Thornaby-on-Tees.
Colleges
Middlesbrough College's sixth-form
Askham Bryan College of agriculture, Askham Bryan and Middlesbrough
Craven College, Skipton
Middlesbrough College
The Northern School of Art, Middlesbrough
Prior Pursglove College
Redcar & Cleveland College
Scarborough Sixth Form College
Scarborough TEC
Selby College
Stockton Riverside College, Thornaby
York College
Places of interest
Ampleforth College
Beningbrough Hall –
Black Sheep Brewery
Bolton Castle –
Brimham Rocks –
Castle Howard and the Howardian Hills –
Catterick Garrison
Cleveland Hills
Drax Power Station
Duncombe Park – stately home
Eden Camp Museum –
Embsay & Bolton Abbey Steam Railway –
Eston Nab
Flamingo Land Theme Park and Zoo –
Helmsley Castle –
Ingleborough Cave – show cave
John Smith's Brewery
Jorvik Viking Centre –
Lightwater Valley –
Lund's Tower
Malham Cove
Middleham Castle –
Mother Shipton's Cave –
National Railway Museum –
North Yorkshire Moors Railway –
Ormesby Hall – Palladian Mansion
Richmond Castle –
Ripley Castle – Stately home and historic village
Riverside Stadium
Samuel Smith's Brewery
Shandy Hall – stately home
Skipton Castle –
Stanwick Iron Age Fortifications –
Studley Royal Park –
Stump Cross Caverns – show cave
Tees Transporter Bridge
Theakston Brewery
Thornborough Henges
Wainman's Pinnacle
Wharram Percy
York Castle Museum –
Yorkshire Air Museum –
The Yorkshire Arboretum
everyone in the clan brought something to share for our Thanksgiving meal @my sister's home.
I'll label shortly!
Two very cute young girls in period costume at the Goodwood Revival. Their mother was going nowhere fast, as they were getting stopped for photos so often
Benefits of AirField in a green roofing system include:
AirDrain creates and helps maintain a constant Gmax for artificial turf (See below)
Thickness and resin consistency of AirDrain provides uniform shock absorbency
Shock absorption reduces the strain on joints and ligaments
AirDrain is only limited by the drainage capacity of the profile above it
Installation time measured in days instead of weeks
AirDrain can be reused when the artificial turf must be replaced
Water harvesting reclamation and reuse
Helps qualify for LEED and other green building credits
A smaller carbon and development footprint with reduced site disturbance
100% vertical drainage under the entire field surface
Minimizes water related injuries / Less infill migration due to superior drainage
AirDrain is a 100% recycled product
Less infill migration due to superior drainage
GMAX Information Existing Conditions for Testing
Turf - 2 1/2” Slit Film, in filled with 50% Green Rubber Infill and 50% Silica Sand.
The drainage/shock pad and turf underlying substrate consists of a concrete deck/rooftop, coated with a waterproof membrane and 10 ounce 100% recycled polyester geo-textile filter fabric.
The Standard Test Method for Shock-Absorbing Properties of Playing Surface Systems and Materials (ASTM F1936-98 American Football Field) testing locations and procedure were preformed. The tests were performed using a Triax 2000 A-1 Missile, tripod mounted Gmax registration unit(www.triax2000.com). This report presents background information on the test procedures, existing conditions, test results and observations in football, baseball, softball, soccer, lacrosse, and field hockey artificial sports fields.
The environmental impact of a green roof is undenyable, and adds significantly to the LEED Point system designed by the USGC in all five major areas: sustainable site development, water savings, energy efficiency, materials selection, and indoor environmental quality. Green roofing replaces the green space displaced by a building, prevents excess stormwater drainage, reduces the temperature of a building and the urban heat island effect, protects and extends the useful life of a roof, and reduce energy demands. What's more, a green roof incorporating AirDrain means your design includes renewable, recycled, and locally obtained materials. We know you have a choice in designing a green roof, and we hope you consider the many benefits of AirDrain.
A typical AirDrain green roof installation design