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Donnelly Dome is what geologist call a "fleigberg." It is a mountain that was shaved off by a glacier. On top of the dome are large boulders left by the receding glacier. Geologist say that the dome should not even exist, that it should have been leveled along with the rest of the Delta River Valley.
The Dome rises almost 4000 feet and is an easy climb. One can find moose, caribou, grizzly bear, lynx and wolves around the dome. It is on military land, so a permit is required for climbing. Donnelly Dome is located about 20 miles south of Delta Junction Alaska and the Richardson Highway passes within a mile of it's base.
This photo was taken about 15 miles south of the Dome from an area that my wife and I love to frequent. The fall colors add to the beauty and mystique of the Dome.
Popped over to St Bee's on the Cumbrian coastline last night just before sunset. The tide was on it's way out and the rocky outcrops beneath the cliffs were wet with the sea water and glistening beautifully in the light; their range of colours and textures just screamed out to look at them a little bit closer somehow!
The underlying rock is red Permo-triassic sandstone about 200 Million years old, which is known geologically as "St. Bees New Red Sandstone". The St. Bees valley, which is much too big for the small "beck" that drains it, was formed by glacial action. The sandstone is never far from the surface and the smooth contours of the fields accurately reflect the underlying rock. On the seaward side, the rock has been eroded by wave action to produce the spectacular 80 metre high vertical cliffs stretching from the Seacote foreshore to Saltom Bay, 4 miles to the North. The dramatic sandstone cliffs of St. Bees Head are a heritage coast, and have one of the largest seabird colonies in England.
I worked as an exploration geologist in Alaska for 15 years. One of the camps I worked from was the Salmon-Trout Airstrip, located about 100 miles NE of Fort Yukon, AK. Salmon-Trout is one of the first airstrips built in the far north to support oil exploration. The aircraft in this photo brought fuel and the all the equipment needed to set up the exploration camp at this remote location in the Alaska wilderness. At 2 AM, the plane departed and I stood in the middle of the airstrip as the pilot lifted the wheels and cruised over the mountain top at 30 ft elevation. The memory of the thrill of that moment still brings goosebumps. This photo was taken in August, 1994. A year later, the plane in this image crashed near Bethel, AK, ending its long career of serving Alaskan bush communities. This photo was originally captured with a Nikon 8008 and Velvia 100 and later digitized from the original color positive.
Garibaldi, Oregon
Nestled near the shore in the channel leading from Garibaldi to the North Jetty and the Pacific Ocean is a picturesque rock formation known as the Three Graces. The rocks are a favorite of birds and photographers and, at their base, they feature tide pools and excellent beach combing.
Like the other massive rocks that dot the Oregon coastline, they are composed of sandstone and were likely formed between 20 and 30 million years ago. According to George R. Priest, a geologist with Oregon Department of Geology and Mineral Industries coastal field office in Newport, at that time, the entire area, including what is now the Coast Range, was an under-sea marine environment and part of the continental shelf, just as the ocean floor off the coast is today.
Over time and under pressure, this sand consolidated into sandstone. Then, as the earth’s tectonic plates crashed into each other, they pushed up the coastal mountains and fractured and tilted up a ridge of sandstone along the coastline. Over time, the tides and surf wore away the softer portions of this sandstone, leaving behind the rocks we see today.
Reference: visitgaribaldi.gov/three-graces/
This image is best viewed in large screen.
I appreciate your visit and any faves or comments are always greatly appreciated...so thank you very much!
Sonja :-)
According to the geologists ( www.ct.gov/DEep/cwp/view.asp?a=2716&q=325134&deep...), Meigs Point is roughly where the northern glaciers began receding ~17,000 years ago; these rocks could be from anyplace north of here. See my other Hammonasset images at flic.kr/s/aHsjY628F6
Alternately known as a geologist’s paradise and a geologist’s nightmare, Big Bend National Park in southwestern Texas offers a multitude of rock formations. Sparse vegetation makes finding and observing the rocks easy, but they document a complicated geologic history extending back 500 million years.
On May 10, 2002, the Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus on NASA’s Landsat 7 satellite captured this natural-color image of Big Bend National Park. A black line delineates the park perimeter. The arid landscape appears in muted earth tones, some of the darkest hues associated with volcanic structures, especially the Rosillos and Chisos Mountains. Despite its bone-dry appearance, Big Bend National Park is home to some 1,200 plant species, and hosts more kinds of cacti, birds, and bats than any other U.S. national park.
Read more: go.nasa.gov/2bzGaZU
Credit: NASA/Landsat7
NASA Goddard Space Flight Center enables NASA’s mission through four scientific endeavors: Earth Science, Heliophysics, Solar System Exploration, and Astrophysics. Goddard plays a leading role in NASA’s accomplishments by contributing compelling scientific knowledge to advance the Agency’s mission.
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A massive rock formation and a remote man made structure contrast against an astronomical canvas of stars trailing through space.
The Geologists Cabin has it's name for obvious reasons. Built by prospectors in the 20th century, it served as a basecamp and shelter far out in the rugged terrain of Death Valley. I know they came with the intent to find and extract earth based elements, but I gotta think they spent their nights like we did.....staring up at the distant stars.
This long exposure captures the star trails, as well as the headlamp trail my friend left as he exited the cabin.
Image with my Hasselblad 500cm
Source: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grand_Canyon
The Grand Canyon is a steep-sided canyon carved by the Colorado River in Arizona, United States. The Grand Canyon is 277 miles (446 km) long, up to 18 miles (29 km) wide and attains a depth of over a mile (6,093 feet or 1,857 meters).
The canyon and adjacent rim are contained within Grand Canyon National Park, the Kaibab National Forest, Grand Canyon–Parashant National Monument, the Hualapai Indian Reservation, the Havasupai Indian Reservation and the Navajo Nation. The surrounding area is contained within the Baaj Nwaavjo I'tah Kukveni – Ancestral Footprints of the Grand Canyon National Monument. President Theodore Roosevelt was a major proponent of the preservation of the Grand Canyon area and visited it on numerous occasions to hunt and enjoy the scenery.
Nearly two billion years of Earth's geological history have been exposed as the Colorado River and its tributaries cut their channels through layer after layer of rock while the Colorado Plateau was uplifted. While some aspects about the history of incision of the canyon are debated by geologists, several recent studies support the hypothesis that the Colorado River established its course through the area about 5 to 6 million years ago. Since that time, the Colorado River has driven the down-cutting of the tributaries and retreat of the cliffs, simultaneously deepening and widening the canyon.
For thousands of years, the area has been continuously inhabited by Native Americans, who built settlements within the canyon and its many caves. The Pueblo people considered the Grand Canyon a holy site, and made pilgrimages to it. The first European known to have viewed the Grand Canyon was García López de Cárdenas from Spain, who arrived in 1540.
Source: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grand_Canyon_National_Park
Grand Canyon National Park is a national park of the United States located in northwestern Arizona, the 15th site to have been named as a national park. The park's central feature is the Grand Canyon, a gorge of the Colorado River, which is often considered one of the Wonders of the World. The park, which covers 1,217,262 acres (1,901.972 sq mi; 4,926.08 km2) of unincorporated area in Coconino and Mohave counties, received more than 4.7 million recreational visitors in 2023. The Grand Canyon was designated a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in 1979. The park celebrated its 100th anniversary on February 26, 2019.
Source: www.nps.gov/grca/index.htm
Entirely within the state of Arizona, the park encompasses 278 miles (447 km) of the Colorado River and adjacent uplands. Located on the ancestral homelands of 11 present day Tribal Communities, Grand Canyon is one of the most spectacular examples of erosion anywhere in the world—a mile deep canyon unmatched in the incomparable vistas it offers visitors from both north and south rims.
Additional Foreign Language Tags:
(United States) "الولايات المتحدة" "Vereinigte Staaten" "アメリカ" "米国" "美国" "미국" "Estados Unidos" "États-Unis" "ארצות הברית" "संयुक्त राज्य" "США"
(Arizona) "أريزونا" "亚利桑那州" "אריזונה" "एरिजोना" "アリゾナ州" "애리조나" "Аризона"
(Grand Canyon) "جراند كانيون" "大峡谷" "גרנד קניון" "ग्रांड कैन्यन" "グランドキャニオン" "그랜드 캐니언" "Гранд-Каньон" "Gran Cañón"
For those non-geologists amongst you, imagine a mass of molten rock, deep under the earth's surface. As it moves into place, it disturbs the rock that was surrounding that area. A xenolith is a chunk that fell in and was preserved without melting. This one is so cool, I think, because it is such a darker color and has that spectacular, squiggly quartz dike within. The xenolith is ~40 cm high.
(the deep orange is lichens)
The Monument to the Unknown Bureaucrat (1993) stands near City hall in Reykjavik. The sculpture by Magnús Tómasson is placed along the lake Tjörnin as if the anonymous bureaucrat is on his way to work. Being a geologist, when I first saw the statue I thought, a geologist with his head on his work. I would rename the work "The Geologist". In the photo, my son, also a geologist, poses with the rockhead.
Geologist
Hugh Miller
Hugh Miller was a self-taught Scottish geologist and writer, folklorist and an evangelical Christian. Born in Cromarty, he was educated in a parish school where he reportedly showed a love of reading. At 17 he was apprenticed to a stonemason, and his work in quarries, together with walks along the local shoreline, led him to the study of geology. In 1829 he published a volume of poems, and soon afterwards became involved in political and religious controversies, first connected to the Reform Bill, and then with the division in the Church of Scotland which led to the Disruption of 1843
In Deep — In the aftermath of the May 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens in Washington State, we find our #TBT for this week. Here, a geologist is standing in a trench of ash on Coldwater Ridge—about 18 inches deep. No reason, however, as to why the trench appears to be the same length as the height of the geologist...we'll leave that one for you to figure out ;)
Andrew signs the logbook in the Geologist Cabin. Most every cabin has a logbook. It's fun to read.
Butte Valley
Death Valley National Park
(Updated May 14, 2024)
Geologists often refer to southwestern Wisconsin and adjacent northwestern Illinois by one of two names: "the Driftless Area" or "the Upper Mississippi Mining District."
The term "Driftless" signifies that this area was never covered, or covered very briefly, by glaciers of the Pleistocene ice age. The other moniker refers to the fact that it's rich in zinc- and lead-ore deposits. In fact, it was the scene of America's first mining "rush."
And Mineral Point is one of this hilly and scenic region's most historic and architecturally fascinating towns, as thousands of visitors each year can attest. Its nineteenth-century buildings were often constructed by talented stonemasons utilizing the locally quarried Ordovician bedrock, the St. Peter Sandstone.
Even from a distance a geologist can tell this Gothic Revival house of worship is one such example of St. Peter use: its characteristic weathering colors of golden-yellow, ocher, and brown, produced by the presence of such ferric-iron compounds as goethite and hematite, simply give it away.
The St. Peter Sandstone outcrops in much of the Upper Midwest, from northern Illinois to Minnesota. In many places, it's just too friable and crumbly to use for decent ashlar. Here, however, it's more fully indurated and has often held up well in the last century and a half. Though not surprisingly it has collected some blackening soot or biofilms along the way.
More views of this church will follow.
To see the other photos and descriptions of this series, visit
A random minifigure I have put together to have an excuse to collect lots of lovely rock elements. Still a WIP. Ref: D1748-13
Commentary.
Due to early British Geologists like William Smith
Geological epochs were largely named after British counties, islands or mountain ranges, for example, Devonian, Lewisian or Cambrian periods.
Here, the red soil, derived from Devonian Old Red Sandstone
is evident in Peak Hill Cliff, to the west of Sidmouth.
An idea of scale is aided by the person visible on the beach.
In the distance High Peak Cliff, with Big Picket Rock below it, is clear.
Ladram Bay curves away beyond these landmarks.
With Salcombe Hill to the east and Peak Hill to the west,
views of Sidmouth are plentiful and spectacular,
thus, it is a highly favoured seaside resort.
Geologists today believe the rock pile was formed by at least two chaotic landslides from the Tower of Babel. Moraine Lake is a glacially fed lake in Banff National Park near the Village of Lake Louise in Alberta, Canada. It is situated in the Valley of the Ten Peaks, at an elevation of approximately 6,183 feet. The blue-green color of the lake is due to glacial rock flour. Print Size 13x19 inches.
Geologists have traditionally seen this as an old caldera, but apparently there are more complex explanations gaining favor.
Seen from the summit of Emory Peak, the highest point in Big Bend National Park.
TUNNELS & CHAMBERS UNDER THE GREAT SPHINX
(I) In a series of expeditions between 1991 and 1993 led by John Anthony West, an independent Egyptologist, scientific investigators conducted geological and seismic surveys around the Great Sphinx of Egypt. The chief geologist was Dr Robert, Professor of Geology at Boston University, and the chief seismologist was Thomas Dobecki from the highly-respected Houston consulting firm, McBride-Ratclif & Associates.
(II) The team’s conclusions were as follows: A. Geology. The pattern of erosion on the Sphinx indicates that it was carved at the end of the last Ice Age, when heavy rains fell on the eastern Sahara – perhaps more than 12,000 thousand years ago. This contrasts starkly with the ‘orthodox’ Egypt logical dating for the Sphinx of around 4,500 years ago. B. Seismography. The seismic survey indicated the existence of several unexplored tunnels and cavities in the bedrock beneath the Sphinx, including a large rectangular chamber at a depth of some 25 feet beneath the monuments front paws.
(III) In 1993 John West and his team were physically expelled from the site by Dr Zahi Hawass then (and now) the Egyptian governments’ Chief Inspector of Antiquities for the Pyramids and the Sphinx. He appeared to be angered by the suggestion that the suggestion that the Sphinx might be far older than the civilization of Egypt itself – and thus the work of a lost civilization – and was particularly incensed by an NBC television film that was made about the teams’ work. This film linked the Sphinx to Atlantis and suggested that the chamber beneath the paws might contain the legendary ‘Hall of Records’ of Atlantis.
(IV) An article in the Egyptian press responding to the NBD film quoted Dr Hawass on his further reasons for expelling John West and his teem from the Sphinx enclosure: “ I have fount that their work is carried out by installing endoscopes in the Sphinx body and shooting film for all phases of the work in a propagandistic but not scientific manner. I therefore suspended the work of this unscientific mission and made a report which was presented to the permanent commission who rejected the mission’s work in the future.”
(V) The NVC film was produced by a certain Boris Said and partially financed by the investments from the members of the association for Research and Enlightenment (ARE). The ARE, headquarters in Virginia Beach in the US, is a multi- million dollar organization that exists to promulgate the teachings and prophecies of an American psychic, Edgar Cayce, who died in 1947. Prominent amongst Cayce’s pronouncements were many statements to the effect that the Sphinx had been built in 10,500 BC and that survivors had concealed beneath it a “Hall of Records” containing all the wisdom of their lost civilization and the true history of the human race. Cayce prophesied that this Hall of Records would be rediscovered and opened between 1996 and 1998. He connected the opening to second coming of Christ.
(VI) In 1995 John West and professor Robert Schoch of Boston University put in an application to the Egyptian authorities to resume their research, their application was ignored.
(VII) At the beginning of April 1996, the Egyptian authorities granted a one-year licence to a new team to conduct surveys around the Sphinx and the Giza necropolis using seismic equipment and ground penetrating radar, this team, which claims academic sponsorship from Florida State University, is largely financed by through the Schor Foundation of New York- by Dr. Joseph Schor, an American multimillionaire,, Dr Schor is a life member of the ARE and wrote on p the 24th May 1994 of his great personal interest in corroborating “ the Cayce records which indicated that the culture which led to the building of the Pyramids dates to 10,400BC.” He also state his wish to “further delineate that civilization.”
(VIII) On April 11th 1994 Dr. Schor stated his current project oat the Sphinx: “We do not work for the Edgar Cayce Group…The major purpose of the Schor Foundation and the Florida Sate University is to aid in the preservation and restoration of the Pyramids and Sphinx. In addition, we are surveying the underground of the Giza Plateau to find faults and chasms that might collapse. This will increase the safety of the plateau…”
(IX) Also financed by Dr Schor is a short video film shot at the end of 1995 by Boris Said and produced in early 1996. The film opens with Dr Zahi Hawass scrambling into a tunnel leading under the Sphinx. When he reaches the bottom he turns to face the camera and whispers to the viewer; “Even Indiana Jones will never dream to be here. Can you believe it? We are now inside the Sphinx inside this tunnel. But we are going to open it for the first time.” In commentary the film’s narrator goes on to state, ”Edgar Cayce, America’s famous ‘Sleeping Prophet’, predicted that a chamber would be discovered beneath the Sphinx – a chamber containing the recorded history of human civilization. For the first time we’ll show you what lies beneath this great stature…a chamber which will be opened tonight, live, for our television cameras.”
(X) Dr Schor has stated (on 11th April 1996) that this video is not a promotional venture aimed at hooking a major US network to televise a live opening of a chamber under the Sphinx. On the contrary, he insists, “It was made to test script and equipment and was made in November 1995 which was many months before we received the approval for our expedition. We have abandoned its use…”
(XI) On the 14th April 1996, Dr Zahi Hawass announced in the Egyptian press that there were secret tunnels under the Sphinx and around the Pyramids and stated his belief that these tunnels would prove to “carry many secrets of the building of the Pyramids.”
1991 yılında amerikalı araştırmacı john anthony west ve jeolog dr robert schoch, bu görkemli anıt üzerinde bir dizi araştırma yaptılar. vardıkları sonuçlar, oldukça şaşırtıcıydı: heykelin üzerindeki aşınma izleri, arkeologların inandığı gibi rüzgar ve kumdan değil, uzun ve etkili yağmurlardan ileri geliyordu ve düpedüz "su aşınması"ydılar! mısır'ın bu bölgesi, bundan 5000 yıl önce de çöldü ve yağmur düşmüyordu. söz konusu aşınmayı yaratacak düzeyde bir yağmurun en son düştüğü dönem ise, en az i.ö 5000 yılına, hatta çok daha eskilere dayanıyordu, belki i.ö 7000'e. west ve schoch, ayrıca ekiplerinde sismik ölçümler yapan cihazlarla çalışan uzmanlara da sahiptiler. bu ekip, daha şaşırtıcı bir bulguya da ulaştı: araçlar, sfenks'in pençelerinin yaklaşık 8-9 metre altında büyük bir "oda"nın ve ona açılan dehlizlerin varolduğunu gösteriyordu! mısırlı yetkililer, başta eski eserler müfettişi dr.zahi hawass, bu bulgulara erişildiği günlerde west ve ekibinin iznini iptal ettiler ve sfenks üzerinde araştırma yapılmasını yasakladılar. ama haber basına çoktan ulaşmış, west ve schoch da elde ettikleri bulguları aynı anda filme aldıklarından, nbc'de yayımlanan bir belgeselle ortalığı iyice karıştırmışlardı.
Bütün bunlara "orion gizemi"nin yazarı robert bauval ile "tanrıların parmak izleri"nin yazarı graham hancock'un astronomi temelli bir tezleri de tuz biber ekti: sfenks, tam doğuya bakıyordu, yani ekinoks (23 mart ya da 21 eylül) anındaki gün doğumu noktasına. mısırlıların yıldız kültürlerinde, güneş doğmak üzereyken, ufuk henüz tam aydınlanmamışken son olarak görülen yıldız ya da takımyıldızın ayrı bir önemi vardır. bu durumdaki yıldıza "heliak yükselişte" denir ve mısır'ın hem takvimini hem de dinini etkileyen çarpıcı bir olgudur. sözgelimi, mısır kültüründe tanrıça isis'i simgeleyen sirius yıldızı, yaz gündönümünde (21 haziran) şafak öncesi görünmeye başlar ve bu tarih aynı zamanda nil'in yıllık taşma dönemlerinin de başlangıcıdır. bu nedenle mısırlılar, yaz gündönümünü "yılbaşı" kabul ederlerdi. bu yaklaşım, ejiptologlarca sfenks'in yapılmış olduğu tarih olarak varsayılan i.ö 2500'de, ilkbahar ekinoksunda "heliak yükselişe" başlayan takımyıldızın incelenmesini ilginç hale getiriyor. bauval ve hancock, bilgisayar simulasyonuyla o tarihte boğa takımyıldızının yükselişte olduğunu gördüler. oysa mısırlılar şekil ve simgelere çok önem verirlerdi ve yaptıkları anıtlarda buna çok dikkat ederlerdi. yani, bu durumda sfenks'in aslan değil de boğa biçiminde yapılmış olması gerekmez miydi? iki araştırmacı, bu kez ilkbahar ekinoksunda aslan burcunun heliak yükselişe geçtiği tarihi araştırdılar ve karşılarına "orion gizemi"ndeki o garip yıl çıktı yine: i.ö 10.500! bütün bulgular, her ne kadar ejiptologlar ve ortodoks akademisyenler bunları dikkate almak istemeseler de, aynı "başlangıç tarihi"ne yönlendiriyor bizi. mısır uygarlığının i.ö 3100 yılında başladığı yolundaki yaygın görüş dikkate alındığında, eski mısırlıların bir "şifre" gibi bize bıraktıkları "anıt bilmecesi" acaba bilinenden en az 7000 yıl daha eskiye dayanan bir yitik uygarlığın izleri mi?
Source: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grand_Canyon
The Grand Canyon is a steep-sided canyon carved by the Colorado River in Arizona, United States. The Grand Canyon is 277 miles (446 km) long, up to 18 miles (29 km) wide and attains a depth of over a mile (6,093 feet or 1,857 meters).
The canyon and adjacent rim are contained within Grand Canyon National Park, the Kaibab National Forest, Grand Canyon–Parashant National Monument, the Hualapai Indian Reservation, the Havasupai Indian Reservation and the Navajo Nation. The surrounding area is contained within the Baaj Nwaavjo I'tah Kukveni – Ancestral Footprints of the Grand Canyon National Monument. President Theodore Roosevelt was a major proponent of the preservation of the Grand Canyon area and visited it on numerous occasions to hunt and enjoy the scenery.
Nearly two billion years of Earth's geological history have been exposed as the Colorado River and its tributaries cut their channels through layer after layer of rock while the Colorado Plateau was uplifted. While some aspects about the history of incision of the canyon are debated by geologists, several recent studies support the hypothesis that the Colorado River established its course through the area about 5 to 6 million years ago. Since that time, the Colorado River has driven the down-cutting of the tributaries and retreat of the cliffs, simultaneously deepening and widening the canyon.
For thousands of years, the area has been continuously inhabited by Native Americans, who built settlements within the canyon and its many caves. The Pueblo people considered the Grand Canyon a holy site, and made pilgrimages to it. The first European known to have viewed the Grand Canyon was García López de Cárdenas from Spain, who arrived in 1540.
Source: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grand_Canyon_National_Park
Grand Canyon National Park is a national park of the United States located in northwestern Arizona, the 15th site to have been named as a national park. The park's central feature is the Grand Canyon, a gorge of the Colorado River, which is often considered one of the Wonders of the World. The park, which covers 1,217,262 acres (1,901.972 sq mi; 4,926.08 km2) of unincorporated area in Coconino and Mohave counties, received more than 4.7 million recreational visitors in 2023. The Grand Canyon was designated a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in 1979. The park celebrated its 100th anniversary on February 26, 2019.
Source: www.nps.gov/grca/index.htm
Entirely within the state of Arizona, the park encompasses 278 miles (447 km) of the Colorado River and adjacent uplands. Located on the ancestral homelands of 11 present day Tribal Communities, Grand Canyon is one of the most spectacular examples of erosion anywhere in the world—a mile deep canyon unmatched in the incomparable vistas it offers visitors from both north and south rims.
Additional Foreign Language Tags:
(United States) "الولايات المتحدة" "Vereinigte Staaten" "アメリカ" "米国" "美国" "미국" "Estados Unidos" "États-Unis" "ארצות הברית" "संयुक्त राज्य" "США"
(Arizona) "أريزونا" "亚利桑那州" "אריזונה" "एरिजोना" "アリゾナ州" "애리조나" "Аризона"
(Grand Canyon) "جراند كانيون" "大峡谷" "גרנד קניון" "ग्रांड कैन्यन" "グランドキャニオン" "그랜드 캐니언" "Гранд-Каньон" "Gran Cañón"
Source: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grand_Canyon
The Grand Canyon is a steep-sided canyon carved by the Colorado River in Arizona, United States. The Grand Canyon is 277 miles (446 km) long, up to 18 miles (29 km) wide and attains a depth of over a mile (6,093 feet or 1,857 meters).
The canyon and adjacent rim are contained within Grand Canyon National Park, the Kaibab National Forest, Grand Canyon–Parashant National Monument, the Hualapai Indian Reservation, the Havasupai Indian Reservation and the Navajo Nation. The surrounding area is contained within the Baaj Nwaavjo I'tah Kukveni – Ancestral Footprints of the Grand Canyon National Monument. President Theodore Roosevelt was a major proponent of the preservation of the Grand Canyon area and visited it on numerous occasions to hunt and enjoy the scenery.
Nearly two billion years of Earth's geological history have been exposed as the Colorado River and its tributaries cut their channels through layer after layer of rock while the Colorado Plateau was uplifted. While some aspects about the history of incision of the canyon are debated by geologists, several recent studies support the hypothesis that the Colorado River established its course through the area about 5 to 6 million years ago. Since that time, the Colorado River has driven the down-cutting of the tributaries and retreat of the cliffs, simultaneously deepening and widening the canyon.
For thousands of years, the area has been continuously inhabited by Native Americans, who built settlements within the canyon and its many caves. The Pueblo people considered the Grand Canyon a holy site, and made pilgrimages to it. The first European known to have viewed the Grand Canyon was García López de Cárdenas from Spain, who arrived in 1540.
Source: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grand_Canyon_National_Park
Grand Canyon National Park is a national park of the United States located in northwestern Arizona, the 15th site to have been named as a national park. The park's central feature is the Grand Canyon, a gorge of the Colorado River, which is often considered one of the Wonders of the World. The park, which covers 1,217,262 acres (1,901.972 sq mi; 4,926.08 km2) of unincorporated area in Coconino and Mohave counties, received more than 4.7 million recreational visitors in 2023. The Grand Canyon was designated a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in 1979. The park celebrated its 100th anniversary on February 26, 2019.
Source: www.nps.gov/grca/index.htm
Entirely within the state of Arizona, the park encompasses 278 miles (447 km) of the Colorado River and adjacent uplands. Located on the ancestral homelands of 11 present day Tribal Communities, Grand Canyon is one of the most spectacular examples of erosion anywhere in the world—a mile deep canyon unmatched in the incomparable vistas it offers visitors from both north and south rims.
Additional Foreign Language Tags:
(United States) "الولايات المتحدة" "Vereinigte Staaten" "アメリカ" "米国" "美国" "미국" "Estados Unidos" "États-Unis" "ארצות הברית" "संयुक्त राज्य" "США"
(Arizona) "أريزونا" "亚利桑那州" "אריזונה" "एरिजोना" "アリゾナ州" "애리조나" "Аризона"
(Grand Canyon) "جراند كانيون" "大峡谷" "גרנד קניון" "ग्रांड कैन्यन" "グランドキャニオン" "그랜드 캐니언" "Гранд-Каньон" "Gran Cañón"
A geologist inspects kimberlite cores in a De Beers exploration warehouse on the outskirts of Tsabong, in southern Bostwana, April 11, 2016. De Beers, which is owned by Anglo American, have not openned a major new diamond mine in southern africa since the Venetia mine in 1980 and the company has claimed that without major new discoveries global demand for diamonds could outstrip supply. Charles Skinner, De Beer's global head of exploration, said there must still be vast, untapped diamond reserves in southern Africa to explain the alluvial diamond deposits which have been washed to she sea along the continent's west coast. "All of those diamonds come from somewhere in the interior and those somewheres haven't been found," he said. "If you look at the science, there's still many kimberlites to be found." Kimberlite, named after the South African town of Kimberley where diamonds were discovered in 1870, is the rock in which diamonds are found.
This is a brass geologists compass. Geologists sometimes have to hike in remote areas so are limited on the equipment they can carry.
This compass not only does map reading but can also measure the angles, heights and directions of rock strata and fault lines. The other numbers and dials you see in the picture give the geologist the information they need to carry out the trigonometry calculus for these angles.
The camera was set to macro and I used a preset function to create a pin-hole effect.
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This area in New Mexico, along the old Route 66 Hwy, is truly a Geologist's wonder land! Loved this capture of the Church Rock with All its defining lines ...
Zumaia (Spanish: Zumaya) is a small town in the north of Spain in the Basque Country.
The town has two beaches (Itzurun and Santiago), which are of interest to geologists because they are situated among the longest set of continuous rock strata in the world. Known locally as the "flysch" they date from the mid-cretaceous period to the present, a time period of over 100 million years. The K-T boundary is present at the Itzurun beach, and fossils can be found, notably of ammonites. The strata stretches along a distance of about 8 km, between the towns/beaches of Deba and Getaria, with Zumaia lying in the middle.
Within the city centre, the Basque-style Gothic church of San Pedro can be found. It has a temple with a magnificent reredos by Juan de Antxieta, the only work by this Basque sculptor found in Gipuzkoa.
Zumaia is located at the point where the Urola and Narrondo rivers come together. The origins of the town can be traced by its ancient monastery. In the Middle Ages, the people that lived in the Sehatz valley having to endure the continuous attacks of pirates and pillagers, fortified the city. The church today retains the relic of its defensive appearance.
I was working as a geologist for Blue Circle Cement and my first project was field mapping in northern Portugal. I had watched the broad gauge steam-hauled trains ply up and down the Linha do Douro near Pinhao. One day I took time off to follow one downstream to Regua through the beautiful olive and vine-clad valley.
On this day it was an unidentified CP Henschel 4-6-0 on a 4 coach & a van passenger train. The dam near Regua had not been built in 1970 so the river level was much lower and it was quite difficult to identify the small station on the north side of the valley. In fact it is Chanceleiros just east of Ferrao and has been abandoned & demolished since. The configuration of terraces to the left and above the loco is quite distinctive & still recognisable.
Today the river above the dam is a lake and the water level is up to the line of bushes below the small buildings far left.
>>Geologists think that the Aegean Islands volcano Thera exploded with the energy of several hundred atomic bombs in a fraction of a second. Though there are no written records of the eruption, geologists think it could be the strongest explosion ever witnessed.
The island that hosted the volcano - that is Santorini (part of an archipelago of volcanic islands) - had been home to members of the Minoan civilization, though there are some indications that the inhabitants of Santorini evacuated in due time, suspecting that the volcano was soon going to blow off its top.
Even though those residents might have escaped, there are strong indications that the volcano severely disrupted the Minoan culture, with tsunamis and temperature declines caused by the massive amounts of sulfur dioxide, the volcano spewed into the atmosphere, thus disrupting the - at that time balanced - climate situation.
West coast cairn, near to Siabost (Shawbost).
A cairn is a stone marker, used by both those on the land and sea to help them identify high points of land.
I re-built the top of this one for the shot.
Geologist-Astronaut Harrison Schmitt, Apollo 17 Lunar Module pilot, is photographed next to the American Flag during extravehicular activity (EVA) of NASA's final lunar landing mission in the Apollo series. The photo was taken at the Taurus-Littrow landing site. The highest part of the flag appears to point toward our planet earth in the distant background.
NASA Identifier: GPN-2000-001137
Why geologist's wives get white hair...
Oh, wait. It's already white!
Arroyo de los Chinos blufftop, near where the Mystery Rock(s) were found. Another nice morning walk. We saw (if memory serves) one other couple, maybe a half-mile away, on a Holiday weekend. Should do for Social Distancing!
My last night in DVNP this trip was spent at the infamous Geologist Cabin in Butte Valley. Probably one of the better cabins in the park and, sadly, probably one of the better known ones, too.
These old miner's cabins are scattered throughout the park and surrounding mountains and are there to use on a first come, first served basis. If the cabin is empty, it's yours for the night. You then fly the flag to let passersby know the cabin is occupied.
Most of these old cabins are stocked with emergany supplies like water and some canned food. Most have furniture of some sort. Many have beds and a fireplace or wood stove. They are not maintained by the park service. Users, like myself, provide any upkeep needed.
A friend once said the cabin got it's name when someone was traveling through the area, saw the stone cabin standing on its little hill and said, "Gee-I'll-just stay here."
The Geologist Cabin in Butte Valley is the prime location to snag. I've stayed here many times over the years.
Butte Valley
Death Valley National Park
A geologist’s other-worldly paradise, the colorful hills, flat-topped mesas and sculptured buttes of these painted hills in Utah are primarily made up of river-related deposits dating back some 200 million years. Inhabited by indigenous people for thousands of years, the multi-hued sweep of pigmented rock in the arid high desert seems endless in these vast and striated badlands.
Thanks so much for all of your comments and faves!! This is the most popular photo in my stream.
More good books from my extensive (mainly science and reference) library. It was crooked, but I think I was able to fix it. I was quite surprised that I actually had enough solid-color book spines to make a rainbow. I had even more colors, so I may make an even bigger book rainbow someday! (8/23/2008)
I entered this photo into the S2IS "Colour Crazy" Contest:
www.flickr.com/groups/s2is/discuss/72157606924144676/
The books in my pile are:
E=mc2: A Biography of Einstein (Moore)
The Golden Ratio (Livio)
Faster Than The Speed of Light (Magueijo)
The Practical Geologist (Dixon, et al)
Our Amazing Planet
The Handy Science Answer Book
The Discovery of Time
Hyperspace (Kaku)
Shadows of Forgotten Ancestors (Sagan & Druyan)
Wonders of Our World
UPDATE:
This is the power of Flickr: I was contacted by a German company that wanted to use this image to put on magnets, office folders, and containers. It was the first time I was paid for the use of a photo -- about $100. If I had never put this up on Flickr, then my rainbow books would never have graced the refrigerators and offices of Germany! :-)
How do you fix a broken geologist? With some rock-solid advice.
So many gold rock puns, so little time.
Burramoko Ridge aka Hanging Rock, this place is pretty cool, like a lot of walks in the mountains its a walk thru shrub which ends it it opening up to an amazing vista upon a rather large cliff The precarious-ness of the spot is not really apparent (or appreciated) in the dark or until you actually see the spot you are standing on from a lower down our valley side perspective.
Whilst it was certainly a fizzer of a sunrise, the enjoyment of the ride out there and just being in a place as special as this was worth that...an epic sunrise woulda been nice tho.
This shot (stitched pano) is well after sunrise when the sun is lighting up the cliff face which then reflects and illuminates the dark side of the hanging rock, which takes on a really beautiful warm glow.
The peak up on the right side is where you start he walk down, its a nice spot up there to see the whole valley but the view of the actual hanging rock is not so great...and to be honest, hanging rock is kinda small... especially compared to the surrounds...
Geologists believe Kodachrome Basin State Park was once similar to Yellowstone National Park with hot springs and geysers, which eventually filled up with sediment and solidified. Through time, the Entrada sandstone surrounding the solidified geysers eroded, leaving large sand pipes. Sixty-seven sand pipes ranging from two to 52 meters have been identified in the park.
[Wikipedia]
Just to shot this photo, I had to hike for one hour up to the upper rim of the Angel trail. From the upper part of the trail you can get an awesome areal view of the park.
Colonne di sabbia pietrificata, tramonto al Kodachrome Basin St.Park, Utah
I geologi ritengono che il Kodachrome Basin State Park fosse un tempo simile a Yellowstone National Park con sorgenti di acqua calda e geyser. Ad un certo punto, queste si riempirono di sedimenti e si solidificarono. Nel tempo, la roccia arenaria (Entrada) che circondava i geyser solidificati subì l'erosione atmosferica, lasciando delle colonne di sabbia di grandi dimensioni. Ben 67 colonne, da 2 a 52 metri sono state identificate nel parco.
[Wikipedia]
Soltanto per scattare questa foto, ho dovuto inerpicarmi per un'ora e raggiungere la sommità del sentiero Angel dal quale si gode di una magnifica visuale a strapiombo su tutto il parco.
You have driven into a geologist's paradise-the San Rafael Swell. Here layers of the earth's crust are eroded & exposed for easy viewing, revealing millions of years of earth's history. You can identify each layer by its color & characteristics. The dark velvety gray of the Mancos Shale to the west was deposited in an ancient Cretaceous Sea. The yellows & golds of the Ferron & Dakota Sandstone tell of a time when this area was a great seashore with a delta, where materials laden with the plant & animal life that eventually became a source for coal & natural gas, were deposited. Then comes the soft purple, green, & red beds of the Morrison layer. When this layer was formed during the Jurassic Period, the area had tropical forest, inhabited by giant dinosaurs that died & left behind their bones to intrigue & enchant us. Ancient tidal flats created the many thin layers of the Summerville formation that you see before you. The view area itself is built on the beige-green Curtis formation, which was deposit in an ancient Jurassic sea. To the east, the upward tilt of the layers is an indication of the huge eroded anticline that is the spectacular San Rafael Swell.
Mid-afternoon haze, standing on the edge of a cliff, three venerable and esteemed colleagues ruminate.
DDC-Lumpy
Geologists say, The Finger Lakes were formed more than 2 million years ago, during the Pleistocene Ice Age. Glaciers crept through the area and carved deep slices into the land, pushing the earth and rocks south. Gradually the ice melted and the glaciers receded, leaving shale valleys of water, which are now the Finger Lakes. The ground around here is quite lumpy!