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Founders Grove in Humboldt Redwoods State Park. HDR processed with Lightroom, Aurora HDR and Photoshop.
Camera obscura (plural camera obscura or camerae obscurae from Latin, meaning "dark room": camera "(vaulted) chamber or room," and obscura "darkened, dark"), also referred to as pinhole image, is the natural optical phenomenon that occurs when an image of a scene at the other side of a screen (or for instance a wall) is projected through a small hole in that screen, as a reversed and inverted image (left to right and upside down) on a surface opposite to the opening. The surroundings of the projected image have to be relatively dark for the image to be clear, so many historical camera obscura experiments were performed in dark rooms.
The term "camera obscura" also refers to constructions or devices that make use of the principle within a box, tent or room. Camerae obscurae with a lens in the opening have been used since the second half of the 16th century and became popular as an aid for drawing and painting. The camera obscura box was developed further into the photographic camera in the first half of the 19th century when camera obscura boxes were used to expose light-sensitive materials to the projected image.
The camera obscura was used as a means to study eclipses, without the risk of damaging the eyes by looking into the sun directly. As a drawing aid, the camera obscura allowed tracing the projected image to produce a highly accurate representation, especially appreciated as an easy way to achieve a proper graphical perspective.
A camera obscura device without a lens but with a very small hole is sometimes referred to as a "pinhole camera", although this more often refers to simple (home-made) lens-less cameras in which photographic film or photographic paper is used.
The earliest known written record of the camera obscura is to be found in Chinese writings called Mozi and dated to the 4th century BCE, traditionally ascribed to and named for Mozi (circa 470 BCE-circa 391 BCE), a Han Chinese philosopher and the founder of Mohist School of Logic. In these writings it is explained how the inverted image in a "collecting-point" or "treasure house" is inverted by an intersecting point (a pinhole) that collected the (rays of) light.
The Greek philosopher Aristotle (384-322 BCE), or possibly a follower of his ideas, touched upon the subject in the work Problems - Book XV, asking:
"Why is it that when the sun passes through quadri-laterals, as for instance in wickerwork, it does not produce a figure rectangular in shape but circular?”
and further on:
“Why is it that an eclipse of the sun, if one looks at it through a sieve or through leaves, such as a plane-tree or other broadleaved tree, or if one joins the fingers of one hand over the fingers of the other, the rays are crescent-shaped where they reach the earth? Is it for the same reason as that when light shines through a rectangular peep-hole, it appears circular in the form of a cone?"
Many philosophers and scientists of the Western world would ponder this question before it became accepted that the circular and crescent-shapes described in this "problem" were actually pinhole image projections of the sun. Although a projected image will have the shape of the aperture when the light source, aperture and projection plane are close together, the projected image will have the shape of the light source when they are further apart.
A shot from recently concluded national day celebrations of Qatar
Qatar National Day takes place every year on Dec. 18.
It marks the day in 1878 that Sheikh Jassim Bin Mohammad Bin Thani succeeded his father as leader of the tribes of Qatar.
Fighting for independence from the Ottomans, the British and other Arabian Peninsula tribes, Sheikh Jassim is considered the founder of Qatar for unifying oft-divided local tribes under his leadership, and winning autonomy for them.
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"There are dark shadows on the earth, but its lights are stronger in the contrast." ~ Charles Dickens
facebook page-----> www.facebook.com/pages/Giulio-Musardo-Photography/4974264...
today I finally are able to do some test shooting underwater at last! it was a great experience, my cousin is always available for new shots, we had fun even though there was a bit of wind that bothered
The Founders Arms. A pub that is located close to Blackfriars bridge and train station and sits on the mouth of the River Thames in London. The Founders Arms is also the name of another pub that was located in the area only a few hundred yards away in Victorian England.
London has changed over the years but thankfully some of the old names remain and are kept alive today.
Thank you for any comments you would like to leave and thank you for taking the time to look at my stream
All rights reserved. Please do not use any of my images without prior permission.
Created for Photoshop Contest week 991
www.flickr.com/groups/photoshopcontest/discuss/7215772192...
Thanks to Gillian Everett for starter image
www.flickr.com/photos/gilleverett/11411089336/in/photolis...
The city of Albuquerque today celebrated its 303rd birthday with the Founders Day Fiesta, formerly the “Fiestas de Alburquerque.”
The Founder's Memorial. A monument and visitor centre in Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates (UAE) is a memorial to Sheikh Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan, the first President of the United Arab Emirates, who died in 2004. Zayed was the driving force behind the formation of the United Arab Emirates,
One of the hardest things about photographing the Redwoods is giving a sense of scale to these magnificent trees.
As we were hiking along the Founder's Tree Loop Trial, this couple came up behind us and stopped to allow me to take a photo. I told them that they could go ahead knowing that they would be a great addition to the image. When you compare them to the size of the trees and the root ball, you get a good appreciation of the size of these trees.
Location: Founder's Tree Loop, Rockefeller Forest, Avenue of the Giants.
Photo by Bob Bowlby -- taken in 1964.
Designed by Bob Bowlby and located in Oklahoma City, this stunning arched beauty is now threatened. People want to develop the land around the bank, and I hear that the bank is not part of the new plans for the site. So, I've put together a petition for people to sign letting developers know just how important this building is to our architectural landscape.
If you'd like to help us out and sign, here's the link to the petition: www.change.org/p/okie-mod-squad-save-the-founders-nationa...
An aerial view of the carnival at the Founders' Day celebrations in Dripping Springs, Texas on April 26th, 2024.
How about another autumn shot? The color is done down here. The tips of these aspen have been wind stripped. Who knew? We headed over through the old Lump Gulch mining area off the Peak-to-Peak Highway on our way to the Moffat Tunnel for fall colors and I found this on eDDie's circuitous route to the tunnel. Sheesh! We never found a single mountain peak at either end of the Peak-to-Peak Highway. Maybe this is as "peak" as we are likely to find. Not only that, it's hard to believe that the entire aspen works here might be one organism.
Here is more autumn and colorful leaves from my autumn treks but are these at peak. I probably have a load yet to edit. Some of 'em are a'comin', some of 'em are a'goin.' Wasn't that an old timey saying? These aspen are nearing peak o' the season are surely in a secluded spot. Fall is ever fickle here. This scene is kicking up my serious wanderlust; what's the time? Maybe it is possible to get lost in here? Could I get somewhere? Could I get nowhere? I suppose that someone wants me to finish rheir work project. I bet this would ba a dandy spot to sleep other than where the D&RGW Mallets were pounding their way up grade to the Moffat! The nights are nippy up here. Ahh, just my style. It's about time for southern newcomers who came to smoke, bail for winter.
Looks like a glorious spot for a trek to me! Who cares where it might lead. A guy can wander, take in the color and sniff up the perfume. Who knows what might turn up if I just took off.
Edro III ran aground near the sea caves at Peyia, Cyprus having been blown off course during a storm in December 2011. I went for a b+w conversion for this even though the colours of the sea and the rocks were really cool. I was pleased to capture a couple of shadowy on-lookers which I hope adds a little mystery...
The conifers return at the back of the lots logged for house lots. The undergrowth and the trees get thicker and thicker from here.
Statues of the founders of Singapore. Beside Sir Stamford Raffles, the other four are Sang Nila Utama, Munshi Abdullah, Tan Tock Seng and Naraina Pillai. They were displayed at this spot for just only a week, and now they are relocated to other other places along Singapore River.
I’m very excited to bring my first movie review of 2017 to you guys today! I’m going to set a goal for myself to see more movies than I did in 2016, so it all starts here with The Founder! Well, technically this movie is a 2016 movie, but that’s only because it came in limited release in December for Oscar consideration, but since it was in wide release this weekend, I’m counting this movie as a 2017 movie. I was very excited to see this movie because I thought this story was one that needed to be told and I really liked the trailers. Anyways, let’s check it out!
Good: Like I said before, I’m glad that this story was told because the creation of McDonald’s is really interesting and they adapted the story very well in this movie. Everyone in the cast gave a stellar performance, Michael Keaton as Ray Kroc was obviously the best part of this movie, I think this is my favorite performance of his besides Birdman. This movie really was a rollercoaster of how you felt about Kroc. At first, you felt bad for him and you rooted for him when he was creating this McDonald’s empire, it felt like a true american story. But then you really started to hate him as the movie continued on because of the way he treated the McDonald brothers. Speaking of the McDonalds brothers, also enjoyed the character of Dick McDonald played by Nick Offerman. The way Offerman captured Dick McDonald and all the things he invented for McDonald’s was so cool and how he and Kroc clashed in this movie was thrilling! The other performances were great in this movie, but I feel like those two stood out the most. Now I think my favorite part of this movie was the aesthetic. What I mean is I dig the 60s fast food restaurant vibe this movie had, it made me want to go back in time and have an original McDonald's burger and fries! Anyways, I think the filmmakers perfectly captured the time period of this movie!
Bad: My biggest complaints I have with this movie are really just technical stuff. I was not a fan of the sound mixing and the editing of this movie. In terms of sound, I felt this movie was really muffled and quiet, the soundtrack wasn’t all that great either. As for the editing, I caught some really weird flaws in the editing. There’s this one moment where Kroc’s at the cashier counter and McDonald’s and there there two area where you could order, Kroc was at first ordering from the left cashier, and then when they gave him his food, he was all the sudden on the ride cashier, like the the scene was accidently mirrored or something. My final gripe with this film was I wasn’t quite a fan of the storyline between Kroc and his wife, I don’t think they did a good job portraying it, those scenes felt rather lifeless.
In the end, I had a really good time watching the “origin story” of McDonald’s and this rather “rise of an empire” feel it had. I believe if you are either interested in the movie by the story, the trailers, or the performances that may get some Oscar nods, you should definitely go see this movie! I’m going to give The Founder an 8/10. If you have seen this movie, let me know what you thought of it in the comments below!
Today's morning shot is my copycat image in honour of Chris Maverick, the the founder who saw Stephen Poff's 365 project here on flickr and set up the 365 Group which so many of us have joined and got so much out of.
There are currently well over 8000 members worldwide of this phenomenal group. Having completed the year long project myself I feel proud that I did it and so much good has come from it. The friendships and inspirations from being in it are amazing. Undoubtedly the best project I have ever done. There are many spin off groups. When he started 365 Days, he never had an idea that this thing would explode the way it has.
Day 3 of Morning week.
For Flickr Group Roulette and Founder's Day.
We visited the Oysterville Cemetery yesterday for the first time in years. I had forgotten how spacious and lovely it is. It's a Who's Who of notables from the hamlet's early days. For example, this the grave marker of Oysterville's co-founder Robert H. Espy.
Here's the section of Oysterville's application for entry into the National Register of Historic Places that provides biographical information about Espy:
Espy was born February 10, 1826 in Allegheny, Pennsylvania. At the age of 15 he was apprenticed to a tailor but worked at that trade only four years.
In 1845 he left for Wisconsin, and in 1852, travelled overland to the Pacific coast arriving at The Dalles, Oregon on August 27th.
He worked driving an ox-team hauling freight between the Upper and Lower Cascades, wintered in a logging camp, and the following spring, continued on to Astoria where he was employed in a sawmill.
That summer Espy met Nahcotte while cutting piling in Pacific county, but returned to Astoria for the winter where he built a cabin and supported himself beachcombing.
That winter he apparently met Isaac A. Clark, a young man recently arrived from California where he had some limited success working the gold fields.
Originally from New York, Clark was also a tailor who lived for a time in Wisconsin and both men had strong religious convictions.
Together with I. A. Clark, Espy set out to keep his appointment with Nahcotte.
They traveled on foot and by canoe but some distance from their destination they were engulfed in dense fog that would have prevented further progress had Nahcotte not heard them splashing along in the stillness and signalled by thumping repeatedly on a hollow stump with a spruce knot.
They followed the sound as there were no visible reference points to navigate by and eventually they arrived at Nahcotte's camp.
The oyster beds proved to be exceptional. Clark and Espy both filed donation land claims Clark and Espy both filed donation land claims and Clark promptly platted a townsite. They built themselves a log cabin with the assistance of the Indian population already living there.
Oysters were loaded in a canoe and shuttled across the bay to Bruceport where there was an existing oyster exporting operation (founded in 1851 when a schooner loading a cargo of oysters there was burned to the waterline and sunk by the disgruntled ship's cook who escaped in a rowboat leaving the captain and crew marooned).
Soon ships came directly to Oysterville from San Francisco. The price was one dollar in gold for a bushel basket paid on delivery to the schooner which had an average capacity of between 1,200 to 2,000 baskets.
Oystermen would frequently trade their payment for supplies arriving on the same ship.
Chinook Indians were employed to gather, cull and pack the harvest which amounted to 50,000 baskets a year taken from Shoalwater Bay, most of which came from Oysterville.
For the first few years, the beach was open territory for oyster pickers, but soon it became necessary to divide the tidelands into restricted tracts called "whacks" with eight acres set aside for ships at anchor while loading.
Eventually, the cash price rose to a dollar and a half a basket.
Clark operated a store, and in 1858 was appointed postmaster. Espy continued in the oyster business until he was incapacitated by an illness in 1859.
After working a year as lightkeeper of the Shoalwater Bay lighthouse and then mining unsuccessfully in the Blue Mountains, Espy entered into a prosperous partnership with Warren and Company of San Francisco - later known as the Morgan Oyster Company.
landmarkhunter.com/188529-oysterville-historic-district/
The Espy Family of Oysterville
Author/historian Sydney Stevens says, “I often feel that the Espy family and Oysterville are so inter-related it is hard to know which has had the greatest influence upon the other.”
Sydney, herself, is an Espy descendent and lives in Oysterville – the village that her great-grandfather, Robert Hamilton Espy co-founded with Isaac Alonzo Clark in 1854.
Espy and Clark were guided to the area by Chinook Indian Chief Nahcati. The two young men eagerly began harvesting the native oysters of Shoalwater (now called Willapa) Bay, shipping them to California where hungry miners paid in gold for the succulent bivalves. Within weeks Oysterville became a rowdy, lusty boomtown – the busiest anchorage on the coast north of San Francisco.
When the Washington territorial government urged communities to form a militia, Espy complied and was soon elected ‘Major.’ He helped establish a Baptist congregation in Oysterville and, in 1892, donated the land and money for the church building that still serves as centerpiece to the village. When the oysters ‘failed’ in the 1880s and most of the townsfolk left, including his old friend Clark, Espy, his wife, Julia Jefferson, and their seven children stayed on.
In Major Espy’s dotage, when he needed looking after, his next-to-eldest son, Harry Albert Espy, moved back to his native Oysterville, bringing with him his own young family. Harry became a dairy farmer, and in the years that followed was elected justice of the peace, clerk of the school board, and Washington state senator representing Pacific and Wahkiakum Counties. He and his wife Helen Richardson’s seven children attended the one-room Oysterville School, went off to college and, eventually, to lives and careers far distant from the tiny hamlet. Even so, Oysterville was always considered ‘home.’
In 1971, Senator Espy’s youngest daughter, Dale, and her husband, Bill Little, retired to Oysterville and began to work on preserving the fragile remains of the once thriving boomtown. Their efforts, with the help their Oysterville friends and neighbors, resulted in the village’s designation as a National Historic District in 1976.
In 1977, Dale’s brother Willard Espy’s hugely successful book, Oysterville: Roads to Grandpa’s Village brought nation-wide attention to the remote corner of southwest Washington. And, shortly before Willard’s death in 1999, the Willard Espy Literary Foundation was formed. The foundation, headquartered in Oysterville, continues to support writers and artists by offering month-long residencies there.
Dale’s daughter, Sydney, and her husband, Nyel, now live in the Harry Espy home. Sydney’s part of the family legacy has been to ‘rescue’ the incredible collection of Espy family papers and documents, amassed over the century and a half of Oysterville’s history, and to turn the archive over to the Washington State Historical Research Center. Sydney’s book Dear Medora: Child of Oysterville’s Forgotten Years, based upon a small part of the collection, has been recently published by WSU Press.
“I have no doubt that Oysterville and the Espy family will continue to nurture one another in generations to come,” says Sydney. “It’s simply the way it is.”