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The Venetian Ghetto was the area of Venice in which Jews were compelled to live under the Venetian Republic. It is from its name in Italian ("ghetto"), that the English word "ghetto" is derived: in the Venetian language it was named "ghèto". The Venetian Ghetto (incidentally, the first Ghetto) was instituted in 1516, though political restrictions on Jewish rights and residences existed before that date.
Though it was home to a large number of Jews, the population living in the Venetian Ghetto never assimilated to form a distinct, "Venetian Jewish" ethnicity. Four of the five synagogues were clearly divided according to ethnic identity: separate synagogues existed for the German (the Scuola Grande Tedesca), Italian (the Scuola Italiana), Spanish and Portuguese (the Scuola Spagnola), and Levantine Sephardi communities (The Scola Levantina). The fifth, the Scuola Canton, is believed to have been either French, or a private synagogue for the families who funded its construction. Today, there are also populations of Ashkenazic Jews in Venice, mainly Lubavitchers who operate one of two kosher foodstores, a yeshiva, and the aforementioned Chabad synagogue.
In September 1938, the promulgation of the fascist racial laws deprived the Jews of civil rights, and the Jewish community entered a difficult period under the leadership first of Aldo Finzi and subsequently (from June 1940 onwards) of Professor Giuseppe Jona.
In September 1943, Italy changed from being an ally of Nazi Germany into an occupied country, and the Nazis started a systematic hunt for Jews in Venice as in other Italian cities. On 17 September, Professor Jona committed suicide rather than hand over to the German authorities a list of Jewish community residents.
In November 1943, Jews were declared 'enemy aliens' in accordance with the manifesto of the Italian Social Republic, to be arrested and their property seized. Although some Jews managed to escape to neutral Switzerland or Allied-occupied southern Italy, over two hundred were rounded up, most between 5 December 1943 (when approximately 150 were arrested) and late summer 1944. They were held at the city's Marco Foscarini college, the women's prison on Giudecca, the prison at Santa Maria Maggiore and subsequently at Fossoli concentration camp, before being deported, in most cases, to Auschwitz-Birkenau in 1944. Those arrested later in 1944 included some 20 residents of a Jewish convalescence home, the Casa di Ricovero Israelitica (including Venice's Chief Rabbi, Adolfo Ottolenghi, who chose to follow the fate of his fellow deportees) and 29 from a Jewish hospital. Most of those arrested in the summer of 1944 spent time incarcerated at Risiera di San Sabba concentration camp, Trieste. Although a figure of two hundred and five Jewish deportees from Venice between November 1943 and August 1944 is often quoted, one source give the higher figure of 246, which includes those deported to Trieste, some of whom died there, and a smaller number of arrests after this point up until the end of the war. Only 8 Jewish residents of Venice emerged from the death camps. The 1938 Jewish population of Venice (2000) was reduced by the war's end to 1500, or in some sources 1050.
What was Europe's first ghetto is now a lively and popular district of the city where the religious and administrative institutions of the Jewish Community and its five synagogues still persist.
Today, the Ghetto is still a center of Jewish life in the city. The Jewish Community of Venice, that counts 500 people, is of such cultural vitality that it is often a centre for the cultural life of the entire city.
Rosario's recently restored animated pig neon sign. The pigs jumping into the grinder come out the end to spell out the word Sausage. See video elsewhere in this photo stream...
8611 South Pulaski Road. The animated neon pig sign to the left has undergone a recent restoration. Rosario's was going to close in 2012 but stayed open after so many complaints from loyal customers...
Rosario's closed for good on December 31, 2016
Here's a video of the sign in action. flic.kr/p/7gGieg
Update: The neon / plastic signage was removed from the building around February 2019. The Building is up For Sale. The pole mounted sign in the parking lot is still there.
Spot the co-op; on the right is the Midcounties society shop (ex Stars/News Express) and a little further along the road is the Midlands Society foodstore (former TASCOS society). They obviously both make a profit but it looks strange to have two shops competing for similar customers, although one does have a Post Office inside. This has also happened on manor Lane, Halesowen, where the 'Stars' shop has been upgarded to green co-operative fascia, and a few doors away the original co-op food shop (open since the 1920's) has also just been upgraded to green.
At the end of this parade and over a side-road is a TESCO built into an old pub, and about two minutes away by car is another Co-op food store in another old pub.
The last of the Original BUYWELL Food Markets, until joined by Rockhill in 1968.Situated at 1319 St. Catherine West, the small store was everything to everybody:Restaurants and hotels knew that if anything was available, Buywell had it . Located on the southside of St Catherine next to Ogilvy's, the store hummed along.Notice the newsie stand on Mountain Street
The New Olympia Cinema is an Art Deco building which was built on the site of the Olympia cinema in 1932. Its construction was delayed due to a serious flood on 4th November 1931.
The cinema closed in 1966 and was later used as a bingo hall before being a Kwik Save supermarket. When Kwik Save closed down the building closed in 2008.
It has recently been the subject of a planning application from Netto Foodstores who wish to reopen the building as a supermarket with a false facade !
The title is not an unkind reference to anyone in the shop, just mentioning that there is a barbequed pig face available for sale to the next hungry customer. Taken in Bangkok's Chinatown.
Another photo of the Mansell Beard (Ancaster) collection going back to 1992 we have the Queens chauffer filling up at A.C Williams in Ancaster Lincolnshire.
Only a small section of the canopy can be seen with the Fina branding.
On the left of the photo we see one of the Tokheim forecourt pumps, these would later be replaced with more modern Gilbarco Highlines when the site would rebrand to Rix in the late 1990's.
Sadly in December 2011 A.C Williams would go into liquidation and a few years after the site would be demolished, the site now a Co-op foodstore and housing.
Thanks to Mansell Beard for permission to reproduce this photo.
An array of satay sticks on display at a food stall on the historic Yangshuo West Street. Detailed notes about the Yangshuo West Street appear in detail in previous captions. There was a young girl at the stall doing what all young girls love to do- texting. When I asked if I could photograph her stall, she agreed readily and moved out of sight, and then went on texting. I could make out sausage, shrimp and a host of other unidentified meats. I'm not much of a meat eater nowadays and therefore decided to pass. (Yangshuo, Guilin, China, May 2017)
Eco-friendly Midlands Co-op supermarket at Oakham, Rutland- they harvest rainwater, use special refidgeration units which use a lot less power (and use the by-product heat to warm the building), gross grass on the roof to insulate, use computer controlled ventilation (all natural where possible), even the lighting is automatic and only operates when needed (computers monitor light levels and open/close blinds on the windows where needed).
This shows the light sensor which is used to control the in-store lighting and window blinds
Part of a trip organised by the Co-operative party and Midlands Co-op, visiting Oakham store and the Biogen Anaerobic digestion plant at Westwood, Northants
Definitely the oldest refrigeration/freezer units in the store. They could well have been in this store since they were new.
Hill Refrigeration is now known as Hillphoenix. If you are a supermarket trivia buff, this may be of interest to you: www.hillphoenix.com/about-us/history/
Former A&P (about to close again), Joliet, Ilinois