View allAll Photos Tagged Existing,
Excerpt from www.pc.gc.ca/apps/dfhd/page_nhs_eng.aspx?id=520:
St. Thomas City Hall National Historic Site of Canada:
Address: 545 Talbot Street, St. Thomas, Ontario
Recognition Statute: Historic Sites and Monuments Act (R.S.C., 1985, c. H-4)
Designation Date: 1984-11-23
Existing plaque: 545 Talbot Street, St. Thomas, Ontario
City halls illustrate the emergence of urban areas in a predominantly rural and agricultural l9th century Canada, and reflect the growth of municipal governments. Built 1898-1899, this city hall is an impressively sited, well-designed example of late Victorian civic building. Incorporated as a city in 1881, St. Thomas sponsored a design competition to choose an appropriate symbol of its future. Neil Darrach's winning proposal features massive blocks of rough-faced stone, elaborate exterior carving, a commanding tower and a richly detailed interior which is largely intact.
Description of Historic Place
St. Thomas City Hall is an elaborate, two-and-a-half storey, stone building with a commanding clock tower. It was built at the end of the 19th century in the Richardsonian Romanesque style. The hall is prominently located on the main street of downtown St. Thomas on a generous setback. The formal recognition consists of the building on its legal property.
Heritage Value
St. Thomas City Hall was designated a national historic site of Canada in 1984 because: it illustrates the emergence of urban areas in a predominantly rural and agricultural 19th-century Canada; it reflects the growth of municipal governments; and it is an impressively sited, well-designed example of a late Victorian civic building and one of the few relatively unaltered Richardsonian Romanesque Town Halls surviving in Canada.
St. Thomas City Hall is a representative example of the large, strictly administrative city halls which began to appear across Canada in the 1880s and 1890s. The construction of such a city hall reflected the tremendous growth of the city in the last quarter of the 19th century, a direct result of improved railway service. Designed primarily to house the city’s administrative services, this building’s monumental scale and prominent location reflected both the increased size of municipal government, and the community’s civic pride and ambition. The city’s expectation of continued progress was typical of communities whose prosperity was fuelled by railway facilities.
The exterior form and interior arrangement of St. Thomas City Hall are typical of large, administrative city halls built in medium-size cities during the late 19th century. By the end of the century, urban town halls had evolved from multipurpose buildings, to large-scale, single-function, purpose-built buildings which accommodated only the administrative and legislative functions of municipal government. The construction of large-scale, single-purpose buildings reflected both the growth of urban areas and the expansion of municipal responsibility for local services.
The Richardsonian Romanesque style was used extensively for public buildings in Canada during the late 1880s and 1890s. Designed by local architect Neil Darrach, the St. Thomas City Hall is a restrained representative of the style in its massive scale and quality, its rusticated stonework, prominent clock tower, steep pavilion roofs, and round-arched openings. The elaborate interior, with its vaulted, two-storey council chamber, was in keeping with the style of the exterior.
Character-Defining Elements
Key elements which relate to the heritage value of the St. Thomas City Hall include: its monumental scale; features typical of large, administrative city halls of the late 19th century, including its Richardsonian Romanesque style, prominent clock tower, division into quadrants, and elaborate interior detailing; features associated with its Richardsonian Romanesque style, including the use of heavy-cut sandstone for foundations and entrances, the projecting arched entrances, the arcaded round-arched windows, the steep rooflines, and elaborately carved stone detailing; the division of the building into quadrants, reflected on the exterior in the use of projecting hip-roofed corner pavilions and on the interior by wide, intersecting corridors; the prominent, asymmetrically placed, clock tower, surmounted by a spire; the projecting entrances on the two street elevations, each with round-arched openings, ornate balconies and elaborate, carved detailing; the arcaded groupings of round-headed window openings at the second storey and on the tower, and flat-headed openings at the first storey, joined by pilasters; exterior detailing which emphasizes the vertical and horizontal divisions of the building, including pilasters spanning two storeys, a bold modillion cornice at the roofline, and string courses of sandstone and terra cotta; its elaborate, massively scaled, carved-stone detailing, including corner turrets, pedimented gables, foliated motifs at the two street entrances, and a tower panel showing the name and construction date of the building; the use of high-quality materials, including brick walls, sandstone foundation, stone and terra cotta detailing, and slate roof; surviving remnants of the original interior layout, including the division of each floor into quadrants by wide, intersecting corridors and the room partitioning within those quadrants; surviving remnants of the original council chamber, including its large scale, vaulted ceiling, and third floor visitors gallery; surviving original interior finishes and detailing in the council chamber, corridors and office areas, in some cases extant behind modern finishes, including oak panelling and wainscoting, decorative plaster ceilings, elaborate wood and plaster carving, ornate window and door trim, panelled and glazed doors, baseboards, and wooden railing; art-glass skylight panels, originally located in the council chamber and the entrance to the third floor gallery; detailing in the reading room, including an iron column with fluted capital, supporting a massive chamfered beam; its relationship to its site, including its prominent location on a corner lot; viewscapes of the building from the downtown area, including its prominent clock tower.
Buddhist hall owned by Yoshimasa. The oldest Shoin style building existing with one story Irimoya style and a roof thatched withJapanese cypress.The hall has a panel floored área in the South party,two Buddhish alter rooms on one side and two [ 6 tatami mat and 4.5 tatami mat ]rooms in the north side .The 4.5 tatami mat room in the northeast side is called Dojinsai ,and was the stage originating Higashiyama culture.It is also said to be the beginning of So-an style tearoom and 4.5 tatami mat rooms.
“There's a very fine line between pleasure and pain. They are two sides of the same coin, one not existing without the other.”
― E.L. James, Fifty Shades of Grey
"Landgoed Staverden" , Staverden The Netherlands
History
In 1298, the Roman king Rudolph von Habsburg granted city rights to the existing Staverden court. The idea of the then count of Gelre (Reinald I) was to establish a thriving city in this place. After building a castle, a canal system and outbuildings, Reinald abandoned this idea and the city became an estate, while preserving city rights. The "hof" Staverden was then issued by the Geldersche dukes in loan.
Staverden and her residents
In the seven centuries that followed, the rich history of Staverden and its inhabitants was formed.
Landgoed Staverden
The estate has a total area of 718 ha and extends over a length of almost 7 km, from the Stakenberg in the North to almost the Uddelermeer in the South. It consists of approximately 340 hectares of forest, 310 hectares of agricultural land and 70 hectares of nature reserves, roads and buildings. Without exaggeration we may say that the great variety of deciduous and coniferous woodland, hedgerows, streams and flowery fields is one of the most beautiful nature reserves in our country.
Between all the greenery in Staverden are 18 characteristic farmhouses, the white castle, the villa and another 30 other houses and buildings. Several of these buildings have been designated as State or Municipal monument. In 2000 they are provided with a shield with a flaming peacock.
The smallest city
Staverden was officially declared the smallest city in the Benelux in 2012. It is possible that Staverden with its 52 inhabitants is even the smallest city in the world!
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Canon 70D / Sigma 18-300mm F3.5-6.3 DC Macro OS HSM C
Used Circular Polarizer Filter :
B+W Cir Pol HTC MRC Nano XS-Pro Digital 72mm Käsemann
With HDR Efex Pro2 conversion
IMG_0154_HDR
One of the very first pictures I took with my new camera. Playing with the settings on a business trip.
I must say that I'm impressed and a little surprised by the response to this shot.
It is hands down my most favorited and has been sitting in the double digits of Explore pretty much since it was posted.
I'm glad you love it. But if you have a moment, tell me why...
I know it is not Friday, but this was the only shot I had ready to work on. Have a good week.
alternativeviewphotography.com/
alternative view photography blogspot
© 2007- 2011 John Salisbury All rights reserved
Mọi thứ đều sẽ trở nên tốt đẹp mà đúng ko :") Totally believe in u
Hà Nội, những ngày giáp tết ♥
p/s : dạo này flickr ế quá, chẳng ai comment chẳng ai fav cũng chẳng có thói quen vào nhưu hồi trc nữa...
The imposing brick structure was erected at the beginning of 6th century by order of Bishop Ursicinus, using money from the Greek banker Iulianus Argentarius. It was certainly located next to a Christian cemetery, and quite possibly on top of a pre-existing pagan one, as some of the ancient tombstones were re-used in its construction.
Sant'Apollinare in Classe was consecrated on May 9, 549 by Bishop Maximian and dedicated to Saint Apollinaris, first bishop of Ravenna and Classe. The Basilica is thus contemporary with the Basilica of San Vitale of Ravenna. In 856, the relics of Saint Apollinaris were transferred from the Basilica of Sant'Apollinare in Classe to the Basilica of Sant' Apollinare Nuovo in Ravenna.
The exterior has a large façade with two simple uprights and one mullioned window with three openings. The narthex and building to the right of the entry are later additions, as is the fine 9th century round bell tower with mullioned windows.
The church is on a nave and two aisles. An ancient altar in the mid of the nave covers the place of the saint's martyrdom. The church ends with a polygonal apse, sided by two chapels with apses.
The nave contains 24 columns of Greek marble. The carved capitals of the columns depict acanthus leaves, but unlike most such carvings the leaves appear twisted as if being buffeted by the wind. The faded frescos depict some of the archbishops of Ravenna, and date to the 18th century. The lateral walls are bare, but were certainly once covered with gorgeous mosaics. These were likely demolished by the Venetians in 1449, although they left the mosaic decoration in the apse and on the triumphal arch, the church's most striking features.
The upper section of the triumphal arch depicts, inside a medallion, Christ. At the sides, within a sea of clouds, are the winged symbols of the four Evangelists: the Eagle (John), the Winged Man (Matthew), the Lion (Mark), the Calf (Luke). The lower section has, at its two edges, the walls showing precious gems from which twelve lambs (symbols of the Twelve Apostles) exit. The sides of the arch show two palms which, in the Bible's symbolism, represent justice; under them are the archangels Michael and Gabriel, with the bust of St. Matthew and another unidentified saint.
The decoration of the apse date to the 6th century, and can be divided into two parts:
in the upper one, a large disc encloses a starry sky in which is a cross with gems and the face of Christ. Over the cross is a hand protruding from the clouds, the theme of the Hand of God. At the side of the disc are the figures of Elijah and Moses. The three lambs in the lower sector symbolize the saints Peter, James and John, alluding the Transfiguration of Jesus on Mount Tabor.
in the lower one is a green valley with rocks, bush, plants and birds. In the middle is the figure of Saint Apollinaris, portrayed in the act of praying God to give grace to his faithful, symbolized by twelve white lambs.
In the spaces between the windows are the four bishops who founded the main basilicas in Ravenna: Ursicinus, Ursus, Severus and Ecclesius, all with a book in a hand. At the sides of the apse are two 7th century panels: the left one, which has been much restored, portrays the Byzantine Emperor Constantine IV granting privileges to an envoy of the Ravenna's archbishop. In the right panel are Abraham, Abel and Melchisedek around an altar, on which they offer a sacrifice to God.
The choice of the subject is closely linked to the fight against Arianism, as it restates the both divine and human nature of Christ, the former negated by the Arians. In addition, the representation of Apollinaris among the apostles was a legitimation to Maximian as the first bishop of a diocese directly related to the early followers of Jesus, being Apollinaris, according to the legend, a disciple of St. Peter.
NEWCASTLE CO DOWN WALK ABOUT ON 29-05-2022 ..................The name of the town is thought to derive from the castle built by Felix Magennis of the Magennis clan in 1588, which stood at the mouth of the Shimna River. This castle was demolished in 1830.[4][5] The town is referred to as New Castle in the Annals of the Four Masters in 1433, so it is likely that he built on the site of an existing structure.[6][7][8]
The Montgomery Manuscripts record that Newcastle was besieged and later captured by Sir James Montgomery of the Ards in April 1642 in the aftermath of the 1641 Rebellion (pp. 128–134). Prior to 1641 the Castle belonged to the Magennis', but after the rebellion the property was confiscated and granted to Robert Hawkins, great grandfather to Robert Hawkins who assumed the surname of Magill. The date 1588 was inscribed on a stone placed over the front entrance of the Castle, built by Felix Magenis. Newcastle passed from the Magills to the Mathews, and subsequently to the Annesleys. In the late 1700s the Castle was modernised by the Matthews and then the Annesleys, and rented by the Board of Customs for the accommodation of revenue officers. Around 1830 the castle was demolished and the 'Annesley Arms Hotel' was constructed within the original castle compound. The 3rd Earl Annesley built a new 'marine residence', called 'Donard Lodge' on the lower mountain slope above the town (it was demolished in 1966). St. John's Church was also opened on 'The Rock' in 1832 to accommodate the visitors and growing population in Earl Annesley's developing seaside resort.
The Newcastle fishing disaster occurred on 13 January 1843 when boats from Newcastle and Annalong set out for the usual fishing stations, and were caught in a gale. 14 boats were lost in the heavy seas including a boat which had gone to the rescue. Only two boats survived, the Victoria and the Brothers.[9] 73 men perished, 46 of whom were from Newcastle. They left twenty-seven widows, one hundred and eighteen children, and twenty-one dependents. A Public Subscription was raised and the cottages, known as Widows Row, were built for the widows and dependents.[10][11] A local song about the disaster says "Newcastle town is one long street entirely stripped of men"[12]
In 1910 Harry Ferguson flew a small plane across Newcastle beach in one of the first engine powered flights by aircraft in Ireland. He completed the flight in an attempt to win a £100 prize offered by the town for the first powered flight along the strand. His first take off ended badly, but according to a modern newspaper report 'He flew a distance of almost three miles along the foreshore at a low altitude varying between fifty and five hundred feet'. This event is recorded by a plaque on the promenade.
Wilhelminapier, Rotterdam, South Holland, The Netherlands.
facebook | website | maasvlakte book 2014 | portfolio book
© 2014 Bart van Damme
Las Palmas by Benthem/Crouwel architects. This former warehouse building on Wilhelminakade has been revivified and renovated. Built in 1953 to a design by Van den Broek & Bakema, it spent several decades as a workshop building for the Holland America Line. It is the only surviving witness on Wilhelmina Pier of the period of post-war revolution in building and Rotterdam's rebirth as a city and for that reason is of great cultural-historical and architectural value. A thorough renovation of the existing cladding has reinstated its original ambience. The fully restored Las Palmas is a mixed-use building of cultural and commercial ends. It now houses the Nederlands Fotomuseum, a school of new media and a large events hall along with an exclusive fish restaurant and an array of companies. The building has been enlarged with a penthouse housing the headquarters of OVG, a real estate developer.
Existing UK public rights of way are often connected together into a 'named' trail, sometimes hundreds of miles long, sometimes quite short. Priest's Way is actually only 3 miles long but conveniently connects the seaside holiday town of Swanage with a small inland Purbeck village, Worth Matravers. Priest's Way is so named because the ancient track goes back to at least the 15th century. The route was taken by a local priest, quite possibly by horse as it is still a bridleway, as he travelled back and forth between the churches in his care.
Flickr Explore # 356 on Wednesday, February 22, 2017.
Co-existing is fleeting when it comes to sharing the Goodie Bowl. The chipmunk went boldly up to the bowl several times to grab some peanuts and the squirrel hardly seemed to notice.
But the squirrel finally snapped - as seen in the photo below.
Building Completion Date: 1897
County Seat: Giddings
Present Status: Existing. Active.
Architect: James Riely Gordon
Architectural Style: Romanesque Revival
General Contractor: Sonnefield, Emmins, & Albright, San Antonio
Building Materials/Description: Brick and stone. $32,270
National Register Narrative
The Lee County Courthouse in Giddings, Texas, stands on a public block that, unlike most squares in towns throughout the state, is surrounded by residential rather than commercial buildings. Designed by J. Riely Gordon in 1898 and built by Sonnefield, Emmins and Abright of San Antonio, the three-story red brick courthouse is located on the crest of the high divide that separates the Colorado and Brazos river basins. The building displays a combination of a variety of structural masses and is an imposing site in the predominantly residential area. Similar in design to many of Gordon’s Texas courthouses, the Lee County Courthouse employs the Richardsonian Romanesque style. Cruciform in plan, the structure contains two story quarter-circular entrance galleries set into the front ells (northeast and northwest ells), while the rear ells (southeast and southwest) contain two three-story quarter- circular bays with open arcades on the first :Level and enclosed floors on the second and third levels. A brick parapet with punched brick detail crowns each bay. Each arm of the Greek cross is covered by a hipped roof. From three of the wings large, gabled wall dormers project, while a chimney rises from the rear (south) arm. Two additional dormers are set within the northeast and northwest ells above the two-story quarter-circular galleries. The three-story quarter-circular bays are crowned by cross hipped roofs. Rising from the center of the mass is a tall, square, brick clock tower with tall arcaded openings and a clock. The tower ends abruptly, however, for it lacks the pyramidal roof that Gordon typically employed.
This image was created by using my existing "zoomed-in" data of IC 1396 (top left) and SH2-129 (bottom right). I recently spent several nights at a Bortle-1 location, I shot a wide-field data set framing both these famous and beautiful nebulea of Cepheus together. I then combined them using the program Registar.
"Zoomed in" data shot using a ASI2600mm Pro, Esprit 100ED refractor, and EQ6r-Pro mount.
"Zoomed out" data shot with my Nikon D750a (Ha mod by LifePixel), Rokinon 135mm lens, and ZWO AM5 mount.
Data processed with Pixinsight, Registar, and Photoshop.
Hebrews 6:7-8 King James Version (KJV)
7 For the earth which drinketh in the rain that cometh oft upon it, and bringeth forth herbs meet for them by whom it is dressed, receiveth blessing from God:
8 But that which beareth thorns and briers is rejected, and is nigh unto cursing; whose end is to be burned.
I have to bet that Toyota did NOT do the paint job on this Prius!
Pasadena, California
Day 135 of my 366 Project
This temple complex occupied a hilltop overlooking the rest of the Ancient Siam Park. Not only was the temple interesting itself but the views from the top were great too as can be seen here.
As with a number of building in the park this is actually a half scale replica of the original. It was however still a pretty substantial building........
Click here to see more photos from my trip to Bangkok and Krabi last Summer : www.flickr.com/photos/darrellg/albums/72157687709552266
From Wikipedia : "Ancient Siam (also known as Ancient City, Thai: เมืองโบราณ, Mueang Boran) is a park constructed under the patronage of Lek Viriyaphant and spreading over 200 acres (0.81 km2) in the shape of Thailand.
The founder's original idea was to create a golf course with miniatures of Thailand's historically significant structures spread around the course. During his research he found most structures severely damaged and decided instead to create new miniatures, to save the original structures when possible, or to re-create them full size or scaled down.
Ancient Siam is dubbed as the world's largest outdoor museum. Close to the Crocodile Farm in Samut Prakan province, the 320-hectare 'city' features 116 structures of Thailand's famous monuments and architectural attractions. The grounds of Ancient Siam correspond roughly to the shape of the Kingdom, with the monuments lying at their correct places geographically. Some of the buildings are life-size replicas of existing or former sites, while others are scaled down.
The replicas were constructed with the assistance of experts from the National Museum to ensure historical accuracy. Outstanding works include the former Grand Palace of Ayutthaya (destroyed in the Burmese invasion of 1767), Phimai Sanctuary in Nakhon Ratchasima, and Wat Khao Phra Viharn on the Cambodian border."
My Website : Twitter : Facebook : Instagram : Photocrowd
© D.Godliman
[♂]::MΔSTЭЯMIИĐS::[♀] Week 52 submission - You
First major attempt at adding photoshoped hair onto existing hair and it was not easy.
Next step doing all the hair.....if I ever start to blink again... :p
It has kept the name of a pre-existing church from the Lombard period, dedicated to the Virgin Anastasia, a fourth century martyr. The building was situated at the end of the decumanus maximus: the main Roman road in Verona that connected Porta Borsari to the former Postumio Bridge. Around 1290, the order of the Dominicans settled here and began the construction of the Gothic basilica, dedicated to the martyr St Peter, a Dominican who originated from Verona and patron of the city alongside St Zeno. The work was possible thanks to the support of the Della Scala family, who ruled Verona from the late 13th to the late 14th century. S.Anastasia is the largest church in Verona. The Basilica extends over three large aisles supported by twelve impressive pillars in red Veronese marble. To the left of the transept a splendid marble entrance opens onto the Giusti chapel which was at one time the oratory of the Dominican monastery.
Готическая базилика в городе Верона (Италия). Самая крупная из городских церквей. Воздвигнута в честь христианской святой великомученицы Анастасии Узорешительницы. Ранее на этом месте существовала более древняя церковь, посвящённая той же святой. Базилика была построена по проекту двух доминиканских монахов Фра Бенвенуто да Болонья и Фра Никола да Имола. Строительство началось в 1290 году и продолжалось до 1481 года. Изначально предполагалось посвятить собор веронскому святому мученику Петру, однако горожане продолжали называть базилику именем святой Анастасии.
I love this little neighborhood, it's probably my favorite part of Indy. I spent a lot of time down here when the madre worked at the community arts building, and now we only live 10 minutes away. and the amazeballs yarn shop is just down the street from here.
"Fountain Square was the first commercial historic district in Indiana. Its existing buildings span more than a century of development from 1871 to the present." (link)
Sutton Scarsdale Hall is a Grade I listed ruined stately home in Sutton Scarsdale, just outside Chesterfield, Derbyshire. The existing structure is believed to be the fourth or fifth built on the site. In 1724, Nicholas Leke, 4th Earl of Scarsdale commissioned the building of a design by architect Francis Smith, to develop a Georgian mansion with gardens, using parts of the existing structure.
On a scale and quality with Chatsworth House, internally it featured both oak ornamental panels and stucco plasterwork by Italian craftsmen Francesco Vassalli, Giovanni Bagutti and the brothers Giuseppe and Adalberto Artari; carved Adamesque fireplaces in both marble and Blue John, and a carved mahogany staircase.
Richard Arkwright Junior (1755–1843) bought Sutton Scarsdale Hall in 1824. He was the son of Sir Richard Arkwright who invented the water frame and had a major involvement in the cotton industry.
After many years of neglect, in November 1919 the estate was bought by a group of local businessmen who asset-stripped the house; this went as far as removing the roof in 1920. Some parts of the building were shipped to the United States, where one room's oak panelling was bought by newspaper baron William Randolph Hearst, who planned to use it at Hearst Castle. After many years in storage in New York City, the panelling was bought by Pall Mall films for use as a set in their various 1950s productions. Another set of panels are now resident in the Philadelphia Museum of Art.
In 1946, the estate was bought by Sir Osbert Sitwell of Renishaw Hall, with the intention of preserving the remaining shell as a ruin. The hall was designated as a Grade I listed building in 1951, and is now in the care of English Heritage.
The site of Anderson's Building was purchased by Rowland Joseph Anderson, a tanner of Botany, after the auction of Crown Land that was held on the 30th of March 1907. The grant is dated the 8th of May 1908. The land remained undeveloped for several years, but by 1915 at least a part of the existing building was complete, and by 1916 it contained a refreshment room and residence , a chemist shop, an estate agency, a mercers and boot shop, an unspecified shop and a hairdresser. The appearance of the building, which becomes progressively simpler as one moves along the Great Western Highway and into Station Street suggests that it may have been erected in stages. On the 2nd of September 1930 the title to the building was transferred from Rowland Anderson to Leighton Rowland Anderson and Edley Hector Anderson, both medical practitioners.
The building remained in their possession for many years, then was subdivided onto several different titles. In July 1959 part was sold to local newsagents Alexander and Gordon Ogilvie, then in April 1963 another portion was sold to Roy and Edna Funnell. The remainder was sold to Peter Mackay the following month.
That part of the building sold to Gordon Ogilvie and Alexander Ogilvie remained in their possession for several years, until the title passed to Gordon Ogilvie in 1970. At the beginning of 1988 he sold it to William and Catherine Parmenter.
That part of the building purchased by Roy and Edna Funnell was sold around the beginning of 1987 to a small consortium consisting of Walter Aiken, John Woods, Robert Burgess, Bruce Carter and Fern Hill Homes Pty Ltd. Around the beginning of 1991 it pased into the possession of Ellen and Bruce Carter.
Source: New South Wales Heritage Register.
The Bennerley Viaduct is a disused railway viaduct spanning the Erewash Valley between Awsworth (Nottinghamshire) and Ilkeston (Derbyshire) in central England. It was built in 1877 but closed to rail traffic in 1968, as part of the Beeching cuts. It was sold to conservation group Railway Paths Ltd in 2001.
The viaduct is a Grade II* listed structure, and is on the Heritage at risk register published by Historic England. It was also included into the 2020 World Monuments Watch. Small stages of restoration started in mid-2014. Planned improvements included new decking to join into a network of existing public paths, subject to planning consents for the required works and access construction. Restoration work to create a public walkway started in 2020, and the viaduct opened to the public on 13 January 2022.
This wrought iron lattice work viaduct is 1452 feet long with the rails 60 feet 10 inches above the Erewash River. Most railway viaducts at the time were brick-built but the foundations of the Bennerley Viaduct were subject to a great deal of coal mining subsidence therefore, the lighter wrought iron design was chosen.
The viaduct was built between May 1876 and November 1877 and formed part of the Great Northern Railway Derbyshire Extension which was built in part to exploit the coalfields in Derbyshire and Nottinghamshire. The contract was given by the Great Northern Railway (GNR) to Benton & Woodiwiss with the line laid out by, and the viaduct designed by Richard Johnson (Chief Civil Engineer of the GNR); Samuel Abbott was the resident engineer. The viaduct consists of 16 lattice work deck spans, each 76 feet 7 inches long supported on wrought-iron columns with stone capped blue brick foundations. There were three additional iron skew spans at the Ilkeston end of the viaduct which carried the railway line over the Erewash Canal and the Midland Railway's Erewash Valley Line. A skew span crosses its abutments and or piers at an angle other than a right angle.
At the Awsworth end of the viaduct there was a section of embankment (including bridges of more conventional brick construction) which has been demolished. The Nottingham Canal passed under this section. The viaduct was built for the railway line between Awsworth Junction and Derby on the Derbyshire and Staffordshire Line and opened in January 1878. Bennerley Ironworks was originally due north of the viaduct served by sidings connected to both the Great Northern line and the Midland Railway Erewash Valley line. After the demolition of the ironworks a British Coal distribution depot served by sidings from the former Midland Railway occupied the same site. This has now also been demolished.
Victory Liner
Fleet No.: 7009
Engine: MAN D2066LOH
Chassis: MAN A55 ( 18.310 )
Bus Body: Santarosa Modulo
A Lutheran church and the oldest existing building in Bauska. Built between 1591 and 1594 for the needs of the city's Baltic German population.
The tower was added to the original building in 1614 and completed in 1623 by master craftsman Michael Ulrich from Arnstadt.
In 1799 the steeple was ruined by a direct lightning strike and the tower was covered by a temporary wooden structure. In 1815 the damaged tower was hit by a lightning once again and the temporary four-sloped roof become permanent.