View allAll Photos Tagged Existence
Le pourquoi du comment ? Somme nous réel, les gens autour de vous le sont t-il ? Et si tout cela n’était qu'un rêve ?
Mendoza, Argentina... seen at most major intersections.
You might only be able to see it "all sizes".
Photograph taken at an altitude of Ten metres at 11:10pm on Wednesday 17th September 2014 off 1st Street and Beacon Avenue, on the shoreline in beautiful Sidney by the sea on Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada.
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Nikon D800 70mm 1/1250s f/2.8 iso100 RAW (14 bit) Handheld AF-S Single point focus. Manual exposure. Matrix metering. Auto white balance.
Nikkor AF-S 24-70mm f/2.8G ED IF. Jessops 77mm UV filter. Nikon MB-D12 battery grip. Two Nikon EN-EL batteries. Nikon DK-17M Magnifying Eyepiece. Nikon DK-19 soft rubber eyecup. Digi-Chip 64GB Class 10 UHS-1 SDXC. Lowepro Transporter camera strap. Lowepro Vertex 200 AW camera bag. Nikon GP-1 GPS unit.
LATITUDE: N 48d 38m 55.89s
LONGITUDE: W 123d 23m 38.36s
ALTITUDE: 10.0m
RAW (TIFF) FILE SIZE: 103.00MB
PROCESSED (JPeg) SIZE: 13.70MB
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Processing power:
HP Pavillion Desktop with AMD A10-5700 APU processor. HD graphics. 2TB with 8GB RAM. 64-bit Windows 8.1. Verbatim USB 2.0 1TB desktop hard drive. Nikon VIEWNX2 Version 2.10.0 64bit. Adobe photoshop Elements 8 Version 8.0 64bit
How many roads must a man walk down, before they call him a man
How many seas must a white dove sail, before she sleeps in the sand
How many times must the cannonballs fly, before they are forever banned
The answer, my friend, is blowing in the wind
- Bob Dylan
For more on the art in your world visit www.Warholian.com or Follow us on Facebook at www.Facebook.com/WarholianFan
Skinner is more than just an artist who paints psychodellic images of metal band mayhem, he is an event, a personality, a one-stop-shop of the super rad. It is within this personality that we begin to understand Skinner's work, and the detail, time, and focus he puts into everything he produces. We sat down with the artist to talk about his new show at The Shooting Gallery entitled "The Fragile Art of Existence" which explores a new place in the Skinner's body of work.
Read the full interview on Warholian here: www.warholian.com/2011/08/11/skinner-fragile-existence/
Studio photos by Hal Rotter
Opening Night Photos by Michael Cuffe
Punk Liberation Vol.9 Special (An existence claim!!!!) at Kakamigahara city Unuma BaBaBar 2011.04.09
Darge
The Hips
Crime&The Vacation
Bloody Smile
川瀬悟
info: Oze /Darge darge@softbank.ne.jp
Rafa/Darge misoshiru_of_death@docomo.ne.jp
岐阜県各務原市鵜沼西町1-631
Village Vanguard 1F
名鉄犬山線 鵜沼宿駅より徒歩５分
Meitetsu Line - Unuma juku station
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....::::Observations
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If you use the photo, please give the proper credit:
Photo by Rafael Yaekashi
The photos are with 30% of the original size, I have all with actual size, and
without a signature, if someone needs is just send me an email.
Any use of the photos in the business circles without my permission, is prohibited.
For more information please contact me.
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Thursday 14th May 2009
Survival is a hazardous affair. For every species in existence there are thousands that have lost the race, for every individual surviving to breeding maturity there are myriad’s that have died. We see Mrs and No-ring as an ultimate in wild beauty, but they are two of the very few winners. Overcoming the perils of migration is the deciding factor for ospreys but other pressures impinge on other orders of living things.
At the top of their tree our birds are enjoying maximum daylight but for the plants in the woods around Bassenthwaite the cut-throat business of grabbing light is in full swing. Trees only just bursting with buds in April are now coming into full leaf, each one angling itself to maximise its chance to photosynthesise sunlight. In the struggle to steal light for themselves they are reducing it under their canopy to a dim cool green, effectively making it difficult for other plants to grow beneath. But this knife-edge natural selection does give rise to one of the most amazing spectacles of our damp and temperate land. The swathes of Bluebells - all in a race for life, to grow, flower and set seed in the short spring window before the roller-blind of vegetation sinks them into summer gloom.
From the energy stored in their bulbs narrow blade like leaves have shot up each with one stem of sweetly fragranced blue blossom. Multiply this by hundreds of thousands and you find yourself, walking alongside a literal magic carpet of flowers, worthy of a Sultan, hovering just above the woodland floor – as beautiful and ephemeral as the blue of Bass Lake.
Finally got the roll from early spring developed. Thanks to the folks at Blue Moon for always coming through. Fleeting cherry blossoms in downtown Portland, Oregon, early Spring 2009.
Montebello Castle is located in Bellinzona . Its previous names were "Small Castle", "New Castle" and "Middle Castle" from the 14th to 1506 , then Schwyz Castle until 1818 and finally St. Martin's Castle. The medieval complex of which it is part, which includes Castelgrande , Sasso Corbaro and the walls that connect them, has been part of the UNESCO world heritage site since 2000 . Today it houses the Archeology and History of the Origins of the City section of the Civic Museum.
The construction of the castle, the second oldest in Bellinzona, probably dates back to the 13th century , when it was built by the Rusca family , lordship of Como , who took refuge there during the Milanese occupation, on a rock overlooking the oldest part of the city . However, the first mention dates back to 1313 , when its existence was indirectly reported. At the time, however, only the trapezoid-shaped keep , two courtyards and some houses existed in the castle . In the 14th century the Ghibelline battlements were built, which underwent a further expansion between 1462 and 1490 , when new walls were built with round or polygonal towers with the opening facing inwards. During the same intervention, the ravelin , a second ditch and a patrol walkway into which some machicolations opened were built .
Close to the oldest moat there is a parapet and a pentagon-shaped tower which marks the beginning of the walls, which surround it to the south, north-west and in the part that separates it from the village.
In the 17th century, an oratory dedicated to San Michele was added to the existing structures, which in 1934 was renovated by Giuseppe Weith. In the 20th century , moreover, the castle underwent important interventions: the original keep was completed and between 1902 and 1910 it was consolidated by a commission led by Eugen Probst. The last intervention dates back to 1974 , when a suspended steel structure was built to house the civic museum.
Bellinzona is a Swiss municipality in the Canton of Ticino , of which it is the capital city , as well as the capital of the district of the same name ; has 45,897 inhabitants, while the agglomeration and district have over 54,900 inhabitants .
The city is crossed from the north and west by the Ticino river.
In 2017, 11 former municipalities of the district ( Camorino , Giubiasco , Gnosca , Gorduno , Gudo , Moleno , Monte Carasso , Pianezzo , Preonzo , Sant'Antonio , Sementina ) and Claro (formerly the Riviera district ) were merged into the municipality of Bellinzona . The population of the municipality in 2017 therefore increased from approximately 18,000 to over 45,000 inhabitants, and the surface area from 19 km² to almost 165 km².
The history of the city begins with the codification of some archaeological excavations in the court of Castelgrande, in the 1980s , which confirm the presence of a Neolithic village among the oldest in Switzerland and originally dating back to the second half of the 6th millennium BC. In the second half of the 5th millennium BC , as archaeological remains prove, the Neolithic settlement was part of the culture of square-mouthed vases , present uniformly throughout northern Italy. Some recent archaeological finds from the Bronze Age in the Claro district, walls and menhirs , dating back to 2300-2500 BC, belonging to a probable place of worship or burial, have confirmed the presence of settled populations in the district since the Neolithic.
Since the area is located at the entrance to the valleys that lead to the main Alpine passes: Lucomagno , San Bernardino , Passo San Jorio , Greina and the San Gottardo pass it has always attracted the military and strategic interests of the various populations that have succeeded, in sequence, since ancient times: Neolithic peoples , Canegrate culture , Golasecca culture ( Leponzi and Insubri) and Romans .
During the excavations conducted by Werner Meyer in 1967 , the remains of the ancient city walls built by the Romans were uncovered, the origin of that Castrum Bilitio dating back to the mid- 4th century .
The ancient Latin name Bilitio has never been found or cited in any historical document from the Roman era and there are not even specific sources on the Celtic and pre-Roman populations present in the area, as demonstrated by the various necropolises that have emerged in the area, even in recent times and which have allowed us to improve knowledge of the pre-Roman civilizations that colonized and inhabited the area. The first necropolis discovered at the beginning of the 20th century in the Giubiasco district represents a sort of Rosetta Stone for the archeology and history of Bellinzona and the entire region; for the size of the necropolis, with its 557 confirmed burials, and for the importance of the finds found which overlap several eras, from the Bronze Age , Iron Age , La Tène culture and Roman times . In 1969, during an excavation in the Roman necropolis of Carasso , a bronze digital ring was found, the bezel of which was engraved with the Christian monogram . This type of ring represents one of the oldest testimonies of Christianity in the Canton of Ticino and therefore attests to the presence of the first Christians in Bellinzona, and in the region, at least from the 4th century AD. From the same historical period is the coin with the effigy of the emperor Constantine found in the excavations conducted in 1986, in the churchyard of the nearby Sant'Antonino.
If to see Bilitio mentioned in historical sources we had to wait until the Middle Ages with the famous comment by Gregory of Tours , the Campi Canini, near Bellinzona, have on the other hand been mentioned since Roman times, as the scene of countless documented battles already starting from 355 AD and therefore in archaeological correspondence with the Roman city wall built and found to the south of the city fortress, probably belonging to a Roman castrum . In that year, Emperor Constantius II , son of Constantine the Great , personally headed a military expedition to the borders of Rhaetia against the Lentienses , a population of Alemannic lineage that threatened the borders; as documented by the Roman historian Ammianus Marcellinus. Ammianus, in fact, quotes:
Bishop Sidonio Apollinare then provides indications on the very origin of the name and partially circumscribes their position. Much later, in the 17th century , the geographer and humanist Cluverio would propose the historical episode again in his "Italia Antiqua, cum Sicilia, Sardinia & Corsica":
" They (the Alemanni), through Switzerland and the St. Gotthard pass, passed the Alps and descended onto the Italian side and reached the Campi Canini ". In this case Cluverio cites the San Gottardo Pass as a passage towards the south of the Alemanni, even if the aforementioned pass was "officially" opened to the passage of goods only in the 13th century, it is possible that, already in Roman times , it could have been crossed by a relatively small armed contingent. His predecessor, Sidonius Apollinaris, cited the steps of Rhaetia as the path taken by the Alemanni.
In this tumultuous and eventful era, Bellinzona found itself at the center of military and commercial interests, it was contested first by the powerful city states of northern Italy and, later, also by the confederates and the kingdom of France; all seeking hegemony and control of the central Alpine passes, fundamental connecting arteries to and from the rich trade managed by the Duchy of Milan. Duchy which will trace, in the late Middle Ages, historically and architecturally, the distinctive features of Bellinzona, still visible today in various military, religious and civil works, with the three fortresses and the imposing walls recognized as a UNESCO heritage site in 2000. The banner of the City, with the Visconti snake, in turn, takes up the ducal origins of medieval Bellinzona.
In the High Middle Ages , the Gothic and Byzantine transition , which followed the fall of the Western Roman Empire, left no archaeological traces and much less written texts, despite the Ostrogoths and, later, the Roman Empire from the east had concentrated their forces and controls through the southern Alpine defensive system inherited from the Romans, of which Bellinzona and the Canine fields were part. So we will have to wait for the arrival of the Lombards and the dispute with the Franks to have the first historical reference on Bellinzona. The fortress "ad Bilitionem" is in fact mentioned, for the first time, in a well-known passage by Gregory of Tours in his Historia Francorum , which describes the descent, in 590 AD, of the Franks descending from Lukmanier and at war against the Lombards barricaded in the fortress of Bellinzona. Gregory precisely, after naming Milan, in describing the place where the Frankish fighter Olon was killed wrote:
"Olo autem dux ad Bilitionem huius urbis castrum, in campis situm Caninis, inportunae accessens, iaculo sub papilla sauciatus, cecidit et mortuus est"
"in fact the commander Olo, imprudently pushed under the castle of Bellinzona, in the Campi Canini, was wounded and died"
Gregory therefore qualified Bellinzona as a fortress belonging to the city of Sant'Ambrogio.
The archaeological excavations of Castelgrande have found traces of a fire on the ancient walls, dating back to the 8th century / 9th century , precisely in correspondence with the period in which the Franks definitively ousted the Lombards from the peninsula (774 AD).
After the death of Charlemagne (814 AD) and his son Louis the Pious (840 AD), the Frankish Carolingian empire experienced a long period of upheavals, divisions and struggles for power. Between 1002 and 1004 the Germanic rulers successors of Charlemagne, Arduin of Ivrea , crowned King of Italy in 1002, but more probably his contender Henry II the Holy , more inclined to the consolidation of the imperial ecclesiastical system through l Como's ally, compared to the rebel Milan, took away from the latter and ceded to the bishop of Como the entire Bellinzona district (territory delimited to the north by Preonzo and Castione to the south by Gudo and Sant'Antonino ).
To outline the history and origins of a place, particularly in antiquity and the early Middle Ages, reference is often made to places of worship. The original Parish Church of Bellinzona was probably located inside the Court of Castelgrande, where the remains of a medieval Christian cemetery were found during the archaeological excavations of 1967 . The first transcription on stone that speaks of a place of worship in Bellinzona, already named after Saint Peter , Patron Saint of the City, dates back to 1168 , even if the Christian presence in Bellinzona was already attested in Roman times (4th century AD) .
In 1176, still under the Como countryside, during the Italian campaign, the army led by the German Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire, Frederick I known as Barbarossa , of whom Como and therefore Bellinzona were faithful allies, he stationed himself for a certain period, resting his troops and waiting for reinforcements, within the walls of the fortress of Bellinzona. The final offensive against the Lombard league then started from here , which ended with the defeat of the imperial army in the famous battle of Legnano; thus putting an end to Frederick I's dreams of glory, military conquest and hegemony over northern Italy.
Consequently to the variable alliances and geopolitical strategies of the period, between 1242 and 1249 there will be the brief reconquest of Bellinzona by the Milanese who saw in the front row, alongside the Chapter of the Cathedral of Milan and Henry III the Black , the troops of Enrico De Sacco lord of Mesolcina and the mayor of Locarno Simone Orelli who, together, will remove Bellinzona from the control of Como and the imperial power of Frederick II (Barbarossa's nephew). The Chapter then appointed Simone Orelli and Enrico De Sacco as captains of the castle and county of Bellinzona until 12 July 1249, when peace was stipulated with Como and Bellinzona would once again return under the aegis of the Como city. Bellinzona will permanently enter the Milanese and Visconti orbit starting from the 14th century . In 1340, in fact, after a two-month siege, the Milanese army of Luchino Visconti (lord of Milan) , forced the surrender of the diehard Rusca di Como (builders of the Montebello Castle) and their loyalists, barricaded inside the walls of what , after the fall of Como and Locarno, represented their last bastion. From the Bellinzona bastion the Viscontis will therefore control the important San Gottardo Pass , recently made passable for goods, and all the main passes then passable. The three stupendous castles , the very symbol of the city and its imposing city walls, date back to this period, first under the Comasco dominion of the Rusca and then the Visconti family, between the 14th and 15th centuries . Important palaces, city walls, homes and tombs of the period continue to resurface in the meantime in some areas recognized for their archaeological importance, such as in the Palasio area in the Giubiasco district, confirming how the region represented an important commercial crossroads , religious and strategic also of the late Middle Ages.
In this tumultuous era, the rough Swiss mountaineers attempted several times to undermine the Visconti power of Bellinzona and to take possession of the city and manors to control the transit routes south of the Alpine passes. They succeeded in 1419 , not by force. of the arms, but with the purchase of the castles of Bellinzona from the Lords De Sacco [82] , who had come into possession of them again in 1403, taking advantage of the turbulent period in the Duchy following the death of Gian Galeazzo Visconti. It was therefore the last Duke of the dynasty, Filippo Maria Visconti , son of Gian Galeazzo who, having taken power upon the death of his brother Giovanni Maria Visconti and felt threatened by this Swiss expansion towards the south, after having attempted in vain the diplomatic and economic path, in spring of 1422 he placed the commander Francesco Bussone , Count of Carmagnola , at the head of an army of 16,000 soldiers and decided to wage battle to reconquer Bellinzona and the neighboring valleys of Riviera, Leventina and Blenio. The Swiss attempted a reaction by placing the castles under siege again but the battle of Arbedo , fought on 30 June 1422, once again at the Campi Canini, and the harsh defeat of the confederates, sanctioned the definitive reconquest of Bellinzona by the Duchy Milanese at least until the end of the Middle Ages.
Skirmishes and clashes between the duchy and the confederates were repeated during the century and the armies faced each other again in 1449 in the battle of Castione , in which the Swiss had to quickly retreat towards the Mesolcina to avoid the massacre and, again, in 1478 with the 2-week siege of Bellinzona with looting and devastation in the surroundings of the fortress. The confederate army, probably mindful of what happened in 1422 at the hands of Carmagnola and in 1449 with the battle of Castione, as well as due to the adverse weather conditions of that cold December of 1478, retreated further when the Milanese reinforcement armies arrived. Gotthard. A small garrison of confederates and Leventina remained to follow the maneuvers of the enemy, who in the meantime decided to continue the expedition towards the nearby Riviera and the Leventina . On 28 December , with the ducal army in difficulty in the narrow frozen valleys crossed by the Ticino river, the small Swiss contingent began to attack from above with stones and logs, sending the ducals to rout and giving life to what is still today known as the battle of the large stones of Giornico [85] . Since then the Duchy decided to further strengthen the defenses of Bellinzona with the construction of the Castle of Sasso Corbaro and a new city wall that connected it to the Castle of Montebello and Castelgrande , preventing the bypassing of the fortified village upstream and which was followed by the construction of the famous Torretta bridge , inaugurated in 1489 by Ludovico il Moro himself and considered the most beautiful Lombard bridge of the time.
A few more decades and history would have experienced a fundamental turning point, with extraordinary events for global macro-history and the history of Bellinzona; the Middle Ages were coming to an end.
At the dawn of the modern age, in the midst of the Renaissance, Bellinzona was mentioned and even represented iconographically by one of the main geniuses of humanity: In the 16th century , describing the road and pass of San Jorio, Leonardo da Vinci in his Codex Atlanticus made it a I mention: " ... the mountains of Lecco and Gravidonia, towards Bellinzona ... ", leaving the suspicion that he may have traveled there and perhaps arrived there in passing. A further mention in the Atlantic Code refers to the Crenone landslide, the resulting damming and the subsequent birth of Lake Malvaglia (ca. 1513) which, when the natural dam collapsed on 22 May 1515, caused that known catastrophic event like the buzza of Biasca. The catastrophe, with its 600 deaths and the destruction of the Torretta Bridge, so impressed the people of the time and the "media" echo was such that it went beyond regional borders and reached the European courts. It was probably Leonardo da Vinci who represented the first iconography of the event in his Windsor Codex.
Alberto Vignati, a military cartographer from Lodi [88] [89] at the beginning of the sixteenth century confirmed " the distance of 16 miles between Dunc and Berinzona, the pass can also be accessed from Gravadona , the number of horses that can be accommodated in each intermediate station and the intervening distances ."
In 1499 , following the complex political-military events of the Duchy of Milan , Bellinzona first fell prey to the French and shortly thereafter into the hands of the Swiss . In fact, in that September at the end of the century, the King of France Louis XII conquered Lombardy and the Ticino lands because he considered himself the heir of the duchy. The French sent soldiers and also occupied the Castles of Bellinzona; a year later, in 1500, Ludovico il Moro temporarily reconquered Milan , the Bellinzonesi, loyal to Ludovico, taking advantage of the favorable moment and with the French probably concentrated on driving the ducals back from Milan, rebelled by removing the occupiers and barricading themselves inside the impregnable castles . Ludovico Maria Sforza was later defeated by the French in Novara, he attempted to retreat by mingling with the troops retreating towards Bellinzona, but was betrayed by a Confederate mercenary, captured and transferred prisoner to France [90] . The local authorities of Bellinzona therefore decided to ask the Swiss for help and protection. Uri, Schwyz and Unterwaldo, who had been eyeing Bellinzona for some time, were happy to subjugate the village and take possession of the military fortresses. Later, to be precise in 1503, the king of France, through the Treaty of Peace of Arona , recognized the possession of Bellinzona, the Riviera and Blenio to the three original cantons. The transition from Milanese domination to Confederate domination therefore took place at the end of the Middle Ages, when the Milanese duchy was on its way into decline. Bellinzona thus became the military bridgehead of the confederates and their attempted expansion into Lombardy, which after a few years, in 1515 , resulted in the famous battle of Marignano , which marked the end of the Swiss expansionist aims towards the south.
The confederates, probably to consolidate their presence in their new dominion south of the Alps, asserting economic control and to facilitate trade with the powerful states of northern Italy, activated a Mint in the City. The same remained active from 1503, the year of France's recognition of the Bellinzona dominion to the three primitive cantons, until 1529 and minted money on behalf of Uri, Schwyz and Unterwalden. The coins were inspired by those used in the Duchy of Milan, as they were mainly to be used in exchanges with the Duchy itself and with the Republic of Venice. The best-known pieces are the Bissolo , which was also used in the region, and the Grosso , a unique piece which is part of the rare examples also used north of the Alps and purchased in 2018 by the Canton.
Around 1600 the Bilitio Castrum was cited by the geographer and humanist Philip Clüver:
"BILITIO castrum, sive castellum hodieque in ordinibus Alpium Raeticarum supra lacum Verbanum, qui vulgo codicil adcolis Lago Maggiore, ad Ticinum amnem situm, detorto paullüm vocabulo codicil Belizona"
"The fortified center, or castle of BILITIO, at the foot of the Rhaetian Alps, above Lake Maggiore, located on the Ticino river, and today called Bellinzona"
The city remained controlled as a bailiwick (a kind of colony ) until the end of the 18th century , when Napoleon 's intervention and a series of internal upheavals led to the birth of the Canton of Bellinzona in 1798 , including the entire Bellinzona area and the Three Valleys. within the Helvetic Republic . Subsequently, in 1803 the new canton was united with the Canton of Lugano to form the current Canton of Ticino, of which Bellinzona became the capital. After 1815 this role was also attributed in turn to Locarno and Lugano . Only in 1878 , not without controversy, did Bellinzona definitively become the seat of the Ticino cantonal government
In the 19th century, Ticino was a republican and democratic island in Lombardy under Austro-Hungarian rule, diplomatic relations between Switzerland , the Canton of Ticino and Austria were not exactly friendly, in fact Ticino hosted a large number of liberal and anti-Austrian dissidents from Lombardy . Tension rose when Ticino expelled 22 Lombard Capuchin friars accused of espionage and the Austrians, in response, repatriated 6,000 Ticinese who had emigrated to Lombardy to work, also imposing a trade blockade. In 1853, to cope with this difficult period for Ticino and its people, the Confederation decided to invest in public works and military fortifications south of the Alps, thus taking shape between Camorino, Giubiasco and Sementina, the defense line of the so-called Hunger blockhouses, which had the dual role of providing work to the unemployed and acting as a deterrent to a possible Austrian invasion from the south.
If the first half of the nineteenth century still had predominantly agricultural and in some ways primitive characteristics, with widespread poverty and infant mortality, inhabited centers distant on average 5 km from each other and little or no literacy , with the arrival of the railway Ticino embarked on a new course, effectively marking the beginning of industrial development. The first railway opened across the Alps with a 15 km tunnel, a pharaonic work for the time, was in fact the Gotthard one in 1882, while the first railway line arrived in the city in 1874 with the opening of the Bellinzona- Biasca lines and Bellinzona- Locarno . The symbol of the new industrial profile of Bellinzona was ideally represented by the Officine, a center specialized in the maintenance of railway wagons and locomotives, which started their activity in 1874 in the current locomotive depot and, following the need for expansion, in the new warehouses completed in 1899; factories where the workshops are still active today .
The railway first and the roads later, will therefore represent for years and up to the present day the pillars of a new economy, which will make Bellinzona the southern gateway to the western Alps for people and goods, a bit as happened in ancient times and in the Middle Ages, but now on a large scale and with ever shorter travel times.
During the First World War , Switzerland, even though it declared itself neutral, thought it best to mobilize the army in preparation for the worst; in this sense Bellinzona would have once again represented an important military stronghold [107] , to counter any invasion attempts coming from the Kingdom of Italy .
In the Second World War, the propaganda proclamations of Mussolini and fascism on the annexation of the territories of the Alpine line (Ticino, Grisons , Valais ), considered the natural line of the Italian border and the plan of conquest of the VI Army of the Po , still worried and led to speculation once an attempted invasion. In 1939, studies began on the works for the creation of a defense line which would later take the name LONA ( LOdrino - OsogNA ). The line, a complex of fortifications and a valley anti-tank barrier was then established in Riviera, between Bellinzona and Biasca
Bellinzona today gives us one of the most significant examples of defensive architecture in the Alpine area, thrilling modern guests with castles , battlements and walls , all carefully restored and integrated into its historical core.
Starting from the second half of the twentieth century , the urban area of Bellinzona went beyond the city limits, embracing a large part of the agglomeration. The City has slowly strengthened its role as a development hub, not only for the Bellinzone area, but also for the nearby Riviera and Moesano .
In November 2012, in Sementina , 17 Municipalities of the Bellinzonese Municipalities, excluding Isone, with the addition of Claro (Riviera district), signed the formal request for aggregation addressed to the Council of State, as required by the Law on aggregation of Municipalities.
The Council of State appointed the study commission responsible for developing the project which would be submitted to the population of the municipalities involved in a consultative vote. The law therefore establishes that based on the outcome of this vote, the Council of State issues a government message to the Grand Council, which is formally responsible for the decision for the aggregation of Municipalities.
On 18 October 2015 the consultative vote took place in the municipalities affected by the project. Of the 17 municipalities that participated in the aggregation project, 13 had a positive outcome: Bellinzona, Camorino , Claro , Giubiasco , Gnosca , Gorduno , Gudo , Moleno , Monte Carasso , Pianezzo , Preonzo , Sant'Antonio and Sementina . While four municipalities voted to remain independent: Arbedo-Castione , Cadenazzo , Lumino and Sant'Antonino .
After the approval of the merger of the Council of State of the Republic and the Canton of Ticino, there was an appeal to the Federal Court by some citizens, who considered the vote null and void as it was bound to the aggregation of 17 instead of 13 municipalities, as instead emerged from the polls. The Federal Court, with a ruling dated 17 November 2016, definitively rejected the appeal against the aggregation of the 13 municipalities. The municipal vote to define the composition of the new Municipality and City Council took place on 2 April 2017, resulting in an urban reality with a population of 42,084 inhabitants, the twelfth largest city in Switzerland .
Mount Isa in the Gulf Country region of Queensland, Australia. It came into existence because of the vast mineral deposits found in the area. Mount Isa Mines (MIM) is one of the most productive single mines in world history, based on combined production of lead, silver, copper and zinc.
With an estimated urban population of 18,588 as of June 2018, Mount Isa is the administrative, commercial and industrial centre for the state's vast north-western region. Population has decreased moderately at an average annual rate of -2.66% year-on-year over the five years to 2018. Although situated in an arid area, the artificial Lake Moondarra 19 kilometres (12 mi) north of the city on the Leichhardt River provides both drinking water and an area for watersports, birdwatching and recreation. Locals often refer to Mount Isa as "The Isa".
Due to the lead production in the city, Mount Isa has one of the most intensive air quality monitoring systems in Australia. Concerns have been raised over childhood lead contamination and air pollution within the city. The Mount Isa Mines (MIM) in particular are a source of significant lead pollution.
History
Mount Isa is located on the unceded land of the Kalkadoon people. The endemic language of the area was Kalkatunga (also known as Kalkadoon, Kalkadunga, Kalkatungu).
They first came into contact with advancing European pastoralists and miners in the mid 1860s, following the Burke and Wills expedition to the Cape York Peninsula in 1861. As settlers and prospectors pressed further into their lands the Kalkadoon set out on one of Australia's most successful guerrilla wars, now known as the Kalkadoon Wars which took place from about 1871 to 1884. Their success continued until at Battle Mountain in 1884, when Kalkadoon people killed five Native Police and a prominent pastoralist. Only 29 Kalkadoon people survived. In response, the Queensland Government sending a large contingent of heavily armed patrols who chased surviving tribe members. It is estimated that 900 Kalkadoon people were killed during this six-year campaign. There is now a memorial near the site of the Black Mountain.
In 1923, a lone prospector, John Campbell Miles, stumbled upon one of the world's richest deposits of copper, silver and zinc during an expedition into the Northern Territory. When Miles inspected the yellow-black rocks in a nearby outcrop, they reminded him of the ore found in the Broken Hill mine that he had once worked at. Upon inspection these rocks were weighty and heavily mineralised. A sample sent away to the assayer in Cloncurry confirmed their value. Miles and four farmers staked out the first claims in the area. Taken with friend's stories of the Mount Ida gold mines in Western Australia, Miles decided upon Mount Isa as the name for his new claim.
The Attorney General of Queensland, John Mullan, officially opened the railway line on 6 April 1929
Mount Isa Post Office opened on 1 August 1924.
A location for the town's hospital was chosen in 1929, with a small building completed the following year.[16] In 1931, a larger structure was moved to the site from the closed mining town of Kuridala.
Population18,588 (2018)
Established1923
Postcode(s)4825
Elevation356 m (1,168 ft)
Location 1,830 km (1,137 mi) NW of Brisbane 1,163 km (723 mi) SW of Cairns
From Wikipedia