Col. David B. Rowland, regimental commanding officer and fellow leaders of The 3d U.S. Infantry Regiment (The Old Guard), came together to execute “Fixed Bayonets” where the leaders conducted various physically and intellectually demanding tasks around the National Capital Region for over eight hours. This event was commemorating 100 years since the war Department autherized TOG to march with “Fixed Bayonets”, Va. November 1, 2022. (U.S. Army photo by Sgt. Laura Stephens)

I actually executed this envelope over 6 months ago, for the guy who gave me the flowers depicted. I had an amazing stamp that had the same flower and a seed (!)...but I couldnt find the stamp and it's no longer available at the local post office. I also had drafted a letter explaining that while I appreciated his friendship; I was not nor would I reciprocate his love. Dude hung himself from a tree before I finished the project. Then Liza ejected me from her studio because of the scandal.

Arbour Hill is an inner city area of Dublin, on the Northside of the River Liffey, in the Dublin 7 postal district. Arbour Hill, the road of the same name, runs west from Blackhall Place in Stoneybatter, and separates Collins Barracks, now part of the National Museum of Ireland, to the south from Arbour Hill Prison to the north, whose graveyard includes the burial plot of the signatories of the Easter Proclamation that began the 1916 Rising.

  

The military cemetery at Arbour Hill is the last resting place of 14 of the executed leaders of the insurrection of 1916. Among those buried there are Patrick Pearse, James Connolly and Major John Mc Bride. The leaders were executed in Kilmainham and then their bodies were transported to Arbour Hill, where they were buried.

 

The graves are located under a low mound on a terrace of Wicklow granite in what was once the old prison yard. The gravesite is surrounded by a limestone wall on which their names are inscribed in Irish and English. On the prison wall opposite the gravesite is a plaque with the names of other people who gave their lives in 1916.

 

The adjoining Church of the Sacred Heart, which is the prison chapel for Arbour Hill prison, is maintained by the Department of Defence. At the rear of the church lies the old cemetery, where lie the remains of British military personnel who died in the Dublin area in the 19th and early 20th century.

 

A doorway beside the 1916 memorial gives access to the Irish United Nations Veterans Association house and memorial garden.

Detail of the Baptistry Window, a masterpiece of abstract stained glass designed by John Piper and executed by Patrick Reyntiens.

 

Coventry's Cathedral is a unique synthesis of old a new, born of wartime suffering and forged in the spirit of postwar optimism, famous for it's history and for being the most radically modern of Anglican cathedrals. Two cathedral's stand side by side, the ruins of the medieval building, destroyed by incendiary bombs in 1940 and the bold new building designed by Basil Spence and opened in 1962.

 

One of the greatest features of Coventry is it's wealth of modern stained glass, something Spence resolved to include having witnessed the bleakness of Chartres Cathedral in wartime, when all it's stained glass had been removed. The first window encountered on entering is the enormous 'chess-board' baptistry window filled with stunning abstract glass by John Piper & Patrick Reyntiens, a symphony of glowing colour. The staggered nave walls are illuminated by ten narrow floor to ceiling windows filled with semi-abstract symbolic designs arranged in pairs of dominant colours (green, red, multi-coloured, purple/blue and gold) representing the souls journey to maturity, and revealed gradually as one approaches the altar. This amazing project was the work of three designers lead by master glass artist Lawrence Lee of the Royal College of Art along with Keith New and Geoffrey Clarke (each artist designed three of the windows individually and all collaborated on the last).

 

For more see below:-

www.coventrycathedral.org.uk/

The Postcard

 

A postally unused postcard that was printed in England by Gale & Polden Ltd. of London, Aldershot and Portsmouth.

 

On the divided back of the card they have printed:

 

'Tower of London.

Execution Block and Axe.

The axe has been in the Tower

since 1687.

The block is that on which Lord

Lovat was executed on Tower

Hill in 1747'.

 

The Tower of London

 

On the 23rd. September 1940, during the Blitz, high-explosive bombs damaged the castle, destroying several buildings and narrowly missing the White Tower. After the war, the damage was repaired and the Tower of London was reopened to the public.

 

A 1974 Tower of London bombing in the White Tower Mortar Room left one person dead and 41 injured. No one claimed responsibility for the blast, but the police suspected that the IRA was behind it.

 

Gale & Polden Ltd., 1892-1981

 

The origins of this large printing and publishing firm began in 1866 when James Gale opened a book shop in Chatham. Seven years later he began printing books, and by 1877 he took on Ernest Polden as an apprentice.

 

They worked well together, moving to a larger establishment in Aldershot in 1888 and joining together to form a Limited Partnership with an office in London in 1892.

 

Much of the work they produced was military-related, which led them to open a third office in Portsmouth to help capture business from the Royal Navy.

 

In 1901 they began publishing postcards in halftone lithography. These cards also largely dealt with military themes, as they produced series on Regiments, Naval Ships, Admiral Nelson, humorous naval nicknames, and more. They also produced view-cards, but even many of these scenes were somehow related to the military.

 

In 1963 they were purchased by the Purnell Group, and after a number of further buy-offs, they finally shut down their printing facilities in 1981.

Auschwitz (32/44) - Memorial Wall where prisoners were executed - Panasonic DMC-FZ10 - Photographer Russell McNeil PhD (Physics) lives in Nanaimo, British Columbia where he works also as a writer and a personal trainer.

BAW 287, flying over KSFO. She would fly down to San Jose, execute a base leg, and then turn back for the airport and land at SFO half an hour after I got this shot (thanks to FlightRadar24 for that info).. The aircraft is G-XLEG.

Sentenced to be hanged (Isernia, South Italy - August 31, 2005 - digital camera)

HUD Secretaries Visit Puerto Rico to Execute Disaster Grant Agreement

In November 2013 the first survey after more than 30 years was executed by the R/V Dr. Fridtjof Nansen.

Myanmar is probably among the countries in Southeast Asia with the most intact marine environment, but our findings in 2013 indicate that fish stocks have been reduced and fish communities changed structure since the surveys in 1980. This has serious consequences for the availability of fish for food, jobs and income for coastal population in Myanmar.

Based on the findings the Department of Fisheries in Myanmar asked FAO and CDCF to conduct a follow-up study to confirm the results and also to identify any seasonality in the ecosystem. This survey will be conducted from April 28 to June 2 this year. We will repeat the survey made in 2013 and try to verify results. In addition, we will map the biodiversity and the marine environment. Among the participants there is Merete Kvalsund that will provide a glimpse of work and life on board. The work is part of the EAF-Nansen Project.

 

Choeung Ek, Cambodia

 

The judicial process of the Khmer Rouge regime, for minor or political crimes, began with a warning from the Angkar, the government of Cambodia under the regime. People receiving more than two warnings were sent for "re-education", which meant near-certain death. People were often encouraged to confess to Angkar their "pre-revolutionary lifestyles and crimes" (which usually included some kind of free-market activity; having had contact with a foreign source, such as a U.S. missionary, international relief or government agency; or contact with any foreigner or with the outside world at all), being told that Angkar would forgive them and "wipe the slate clean." They were then taken away to a place such as Tuol Sleng or Choeung Ek for torture and/or execution.

 

The executed were buried in mass graves. In order to save ammunition, the executions were often carried out using poison, spades or sharpened bamboo sticks. Inside the Buddhist Memorial Stupa at Choeung Ek, there is evidence of bayonets, knives, wooden clubs, hoes for farming and curved scythes being used to kill victims- with images of skulls, damaged by these implements, as evidence. In some cases the children and infants of adult victims were killed by having their heads bashed against the trunks of Chankiri trees, and then were thrown into the pits alongside their parents. The rationale was to stop them growing up and taking revenge for their parents' deaths.

 

Some victims were required to dig their own graves; their weakness often meant that they were unable to dig very deep. The soldiers who carried out the executions were mostly young men or women from peasant families.

He was honoured for his actions as a bomber pilot in Papua New Guinea during March 1943 when, despite intense anti-aircraft fire, he pressed home a series of attacks on the Salamaua Isthmus, the last of which saw him forced to ditch his aircraft in the sea. Newton was still officially posted as missing when the award was made in October 1943. It later emerged that he had been taken captive by the Japanese, and executed by beheading on 29 March.

 

Raised in Melbourne, Newton excelled at sport, playing cricket at youth state level. He joined the Citizen Military Forces in 1938, and enlisted in the Royal Australian Air Force (RAAF) in February 1940. Described as having the dash of "an Errol Flynn or a Keith Miller",[1] Newton served as a flying instructor in Australia before being posted to No. 22 Squadron, which began operating Boston light bombers in New Guinea late in 1942. Having just taken part in the Battle of the Bismarck Sea, he was on his fifty-second mission when he was shot down and captured. Newton was the only Australian airman to receive a Victoria Cross for action in the South West Pacific theatre of World War II, and the sole Australian to be so decorated while flying with an RAAF squadron.

 

Contents

 

1 Family, education and sport

2 Early career

3 New Guinea campaign

3.1 Attacks on Salamaua

3.2 Revelations and reactions

3.3 Victoria Cross

4 Legacy

5 Notes

6 References

 

Family, education and sport

 

Born in the Melbourne suburb of St Kilda on 8 June 1919, Bill Newton was the youngest child of dentist Charles Ellis Newton and his second wife Minnie.[2][3] His three older half-siblings from Charles' earlier marriage included two brothers, John and Lindsay, and a sister, Phyllis. Bill entered Melbourne Grammar School in 1929, but two years later switched to the nearby St Kilda Park Central School as the family income was reduced through the impact of the Great Depression.[3] In 1934, aged fifteen, he was able to return to Melbourne Grammar where, despite struggling with his schoolwork, he completed his Intermediate certificate.[2][4] He gave up further study when his father died suddenly of a heart attack at the age of fifty-one, and began working in a silk warehouse.[5][6]

 

Considered while at school to be a future leader in the community, Newton was also a talented all-round sportsman, playing cricket, Australian rules football, golf and water polo.[7][8] A fast bowler in cricket, he was friends with Keith Miller, and collected the Victorian Cricket Association (VCA) Colts bowling trophy for 1937–38, while Miller collected the equivalent batting prize.[9] In January 1938, Newton dismissed Test batsman Bill Ponsford—still the only Australian to twice score 400 in a first-class innings[10]—for four in a Colts game at the Melbourne Cricket Ground.[11] The following year, he gained selection in the Victorian Second XI.[7] He opened the bowling against the New South Wales Second XI—his first and only match—taking a total of 3/113 including the wickets of Ron Saggers and Arthur Morris who, like Miller, went on to become members of the Invincibles.[12]

Early career

 

Newton had been a sergeant in his cadet corps at school, and joined the Citizens Military Force on 28 November 1938, serving as a private in the machine-gun section of the 6th Battalion, Royal Melbourne Regiment.[13][14] Still employed in the silk warehouse when World War II broke out in September 1939, he resigned to join the Royal Australian Air Force (RAAF) on 5 February 1940.[2][15] He had earlier attempted to enlist when he turned eighteen in 1937, but his mother refused to give her permission; with Australia now at war, she acquiesced.[16] His brothers—dentists by profession, like their father—also enlisted in the armed forces, John as a surgeon lieutenant in the Royal Australian Navy and Lindsay as a Captain in the Army Medical Corps.[17]

Informal outdoor portrait of dark-haired moustachioed man in suit leaning on fence, flanked by two dark-haired women

Newton relaxing at Wagga in 1941

 

Newton undertook his initial training with No. 1 Elementary Flying Training School in Parafield, South Australia, flying De Havilland Tiger Moths, and with No. 21 (City of Melbourne) Squadron at RAAF Station Laverton, Victoria, flying CAC Wirraways. He was awarded his wings and commissioned as a pilot officer on 28 June 1940. Following advanced training on Avro Ansons with No. 1 Service Flying Training School at RAAF Point Cook in September, he was selected to become a flight instructor. He completed the requisite course at Central Flying School in Camden, New South Wales, and was promoted to flying officer on 28 December.[13][18] He subsequently began training students under the Empire Air Training Scheme at No. 2 Service Flying Training School near Wagga Wagga, under the command of Group Captain Frederick Scherger.[18][19]

 

In October 1941, Newton transferred to No. 5 Service Flying Training School at Uranquinty. He found instruction frustrating, as he longed for a combat assignment. His fortunes changed in February 1942, when he was selected for the navigation course on Ansons at the General Reconnaissance School based at Laverton. From there he was sent to No. 1 Operational Training Unit at Sale, Victoria, for conversion to Lockheed Hudson twin-engined light bombers during March and April.[20]

 

Promoted to flight lieutenant on 1 April 1942, Newton was posted the following month to No. 22 (City of Sydney) Squadron, based at RAAF Station Richmond, New South Wales.[6][13] Previously equipped with Hudsons, the unit had just begun converting to the more advanced Douglas Boston when Newton arrived. A comrade described him as a "big brash, likeable man who could drink most of us under the table, was a good pilot, good at sports, and had a way with girls".[6] No. 22 Squadron was engaged in convoy escort and anti-submarine patrols off Sydney from July to September, before moving north to Townsville, Queensland.[21] In November, it was deployed to Port Moresby in Papua New Guinea, under the control of No. 9 Operational Group RAAF.[22][23]

New Guinea campaign

 

Newton undertook the first of his fifty-two operational sorties on 1 January 1943, under the leadership of his commanding officer, Squadron Leader Keith Hampshire. During February, Newton flew low-level missions through monsoon conditions and hazardous mountain terrain, attacking Japanese forces ranged against Allied troops in the Morobe province.[24][25] In early March, he took part in the Battle of the Bismarck Sea, one of the key engagements in the South West Pacific theatre,[26] bombing and strafing Lae airfield to prevent its force of enemy fighters taking off to intercept Allied aircraft attacking the Japanese fleet.[24][27] Newton gained a reputation for driving straight at his targets without evasive manoeuvre, and always leaving them in flames; this earned him the nickname "The Firebug".[2][7] The Japanese gunners, however, reportedly knew him as "Blue Cap", from his habit of wearing an old blue cricket cap on operations. In spite of the hazards of the air war in New Guinea, he was quoted as saying, "The troops on the ground should get two medals each, before any airman gets one".[28]

Attacks on Salamaua

Three twin-engined military aircraft flying low above a valley

Douglas Bostons of No. 22 Squadron over New Guinea, c. 1942–43

 

On 16 March 1943, Newton led a sortie on the Salamaua Isthmus in which his Boston was hit repeatedly by Japanese anti-aircraft fire, damaging fuselage, wings, fuel tanks and undercarriage. In spite of this he continued his attack and dropped his bombs at low level on buildings, ammunition dumps and fuel stores, returning for a second pass at the target in order to strafe it with machine-gun fire.[2][24] Newton managed to get his crippled machine back to base, where it was found to be marked with ninety-eight bullet holes.[29] Two days later, he and his two-man crew made a further attack on Salamaua with five other Bostons. As he bombed his designated target, Newton's plane was seen to burst into flames, raked by cannon fire from the ground.[1][30] Attempting to keep his aircraft aloft as long as possible to get his crew away from enemy lines, he was able to ditch in the sea approximately 1,000 yards (910 m) offshore.[1][2]

 

The Boston's navigator, Sergeant Basil Eastwood, was killed in the forced landing but Newton and his wireless operator, Flight Sergeant John Lyon, survived and managed to swim ashore.[24] Several of the other aircraft in the flight circled the area; one returned to base straight away to inform Hampshire, and the remainder were later forced to depart through lack of fuel. Newton and Lyon originally made their way inland with the help of natives, aiming to contact an Australian Coastwatcher, but subsequently returned to the coast. There they were captured by a Japanese patrol of No. 5 Special Naval Landing Force.[15][31] The two airmen were taken to Salamaua and interrogated until 20 March, before being moved to Lae where Lyon was bayoneted to death on the orders of Rear Admiral Ruitaro Fujita, the senior Japanese commander in the area.[24][32] Newton was brought back to Salamaua where, on 29 March 1943, he was ceremonially beheaded with a Samurai sword by Sub-Lieutenant Uichi Komai, the naval officer who had captured him.[1][19] Komai was killed in the Philippines soon after, and Fujita committed suicide at the end of the war.[19]

Revelations and reactions

 

It was initially believed that Newton had failed to escape from the Boston after it ditched into the sea, and he was posted as missing.[1] Squadron Leader Hampshire had immediately dispatched a sortie to recover the pair that were last seen swimming for shore, but no sign of them was found. Two weeks later, he wrote a letter to Newton's mother in which he described her son's courage and expressed the hope that he might yet be found alive. Hampshire concluded, "Bill is one of those rare fellows I shall miss for a long time, and if it is to be, remember for an age".[31] The details of his capture and execution were only revealed later that year in a diary found on a Japanese soldier. Newton was not specifically named, but circumstantial evidence clearly identified him, as the diary entry recorded the beheading of an Australian flight lieutenant who had been shot down by anti-aircraft fire on 18 March 1943 while flying a Douglas aircraft.[8] The Japanese observer described the prisoner as "composed" in the face of his impending execution, and "unshaken to the last".[26] After the decapitation, a seaman slashed open the dead man's stomach, declaring "Something for the other day. Take that."[33]

 

General Headquarters South West Pacific Area, however, while releasing details of the execution on 5 October, initially refused to name Newton. Aside from the lack of absolute certainty as to identification, Air Vice Marshal Bill Bostock, Air Officer Commanding RAAF Command, contended that naming him would change the impact of the news upon Newton's fellow No. 22 Squadron members "from the impersonal to the closely personal" and hence "seriously affect morale".[8] News of the atrocity provoked shock in Australia.[26] In an attempt to alleviate anxiety among the families of other missing airmen, the Federal government announced on 12 October that the relatives of the slain man had been informed of his death.[8]

Victoria Cross

 

Newton was awarded the Victoria Cross for his actions on 16–18 March, becoming the only Australian airman to earn the decoration in the South West Pacific theatre of World War II, and the only one while flying with an RAAF squadron.[13][26] The citation, which incorrectly implied that he was shot down on 17 March rather than the following day, and as having failed to escape from his sinking aircraft, was promulgated in the London Gazette on 19 October 1943:[13]

Three-quarter portrait of moustachioed man in flying suit with a belt of machine-gun ammunition slung over his shoulders, leaning against an aeroplane

Newton c. 1942–43

 

Air Ministry, 19th October, 1943.

 

The KING has been graciously pleased, on the advice of Australian Ministers, to confer the VICTORIA CROSS on the undermentioned officer in recognition of most conspicuous bravery: —

 

Flight Lieutenant William Ellis NEWTON (Aus. 748), Royal Australian Air Force, No. 22 (R.A.A.F.) Squadron (missing).

 

Flight Lieutenant Newton served with No. 22 Squadron, Royal Australian Air Force, in New Guinea from May, 1942, to March, 1943, and completed 52 operational sorties.

 

Throughout, he displayed great courage and an iron determination to inflict the utmost damage on the enemy. His splendid offensive flying and fighting were attended with brilliant success. Disdaining evasive tactics when under the heaviest fire, he always went straight to his objectives. He carried out many daring machine-gun attacks on enemy positions involving low-flying over long distances in the face of continuous fire at point-blank range.

 

On three occasions, he dived through intense anti-aircraft fire to release his bombs on important targets on the Salamaua Isthmus. On one of these occasions, his starboard engine failed over the target, but he succeeded in flying back to an airfield 160 miles away. When leading an attack on an objective on 16th March, 1943, he dived through intense and accurate shell fire and his aircraft was hit repeatedly. Nevertheless, he held to his course and bombed his target from a low level. The attack resulted in the destruction of many buildings and dumps, including two 40,000-gallon fuel installations. Although his aircraft was crippled, with fuselage and wing sections torn, petrol tanks pierced, main-planes and engines seriously damaged, and one of the main tyres flat, Flight Lieutenant Newton managed to fly it back to base and make a successful landing.

 

Despite this harassing experience, he returned next day to the same locality. His target, this time a single building, was even more difficult but he again attacked with his usual courage and resolution, flying a steady course through a barrage of fire. He scored a hit on the building but at the same moment his aircraft burst into flames.

 

Flight Lieutenant Newton maintained control and calmly turned his aircraft away and flew along the shore. He saw it as his duty to keep the aircraft in the air as long as he could so as to take his crew as far away as possible from the enemy's positions. With great skill, he brought his blazing aircraft down on the water. Two members of the crew were able to extricate themselves and were seen swimming to the shore, but the gallant pilot is missing. According to other air crews who witnessed the occurrence, his escape-hatch was not opened and his dinghy was not inflated. Without regard to his own safety, he had done all that man could do to prevent his crew from falling into enemy hands.

 

Flight Lieutenant Newton's many examples of conspicuous bravery have rarely been equalled and will serve as a shining inspiration to all who follow him.[34]

 

Legacy

Row of five military medals with ribbons

Newton's medals on display at the Australian War Memorial

 

Buried initially in an unmarked bomb crater in Salamaua, Newton's body was recovered and re-interred in Lae War Cemetery after Salamaua's capture by Allied troops in September 1943.[32][35] In early 1944, the recently constructed No. 4 Airfield in Nadzab was renamed Newton Field in his honour.[36] For many years, the story of Newton's death was intertwined with that of an Australian commando, Sergeant Len Siffleet, who had also been captured in New Guinea. A famous photograph showing Siffleet about to be executed with a katana was discovered by American troops in April 1944 and was thought to have depicted Newton in Salamaua. However, no photograph of the airman's execution is known to exist.[37]

 

Newton's mother Minnie was presented with her son's Victoria Cross by the Governor-General, the Duke of Gloucester, on 30 November 1945. She donated it to the Australian War Memorial, Canberra, where it remains on display with his other medals.[32][38] Newton is also commemorated on Canberra's Remembrance Driveway.[35] In the 1990s, his friend Keith Miller successfully fought to ensure that the Victoria Racing Club abandoned a plan to rename the William Ellis Newton Steeplechase—run on Anzac Day—after a commercial sponsor. Later in the decade, Miller also publicly questioned Australia Post's exclusion of Newton from a series of stamps featuring notable Australians such as cricketer Sir Donald Bradman.[39] A plaque dedicated to No. 22 Squadron was unveiled at the Australian War Memorial by the Chief of Air Force, Air Marshal Angus Houston, on 16 March 2003, the sixtieth anniversary of Newton's attack on Salamaua.

UAL951 executing a "go-around." When they came back around for try number two tower inquired why. The crew said that they were below 200 feet and the previous aircraft (NWA1473/N915RW) still appeared to be on the runway. From my spot, he did come back up over the trees tops moments after the DC9 (this picture was taken 20 seconds after the DC9.) He was arriving from Brussels (EBBR) after a flight of almost 8 hours.

Baha'is in Iran make up the largest religious minority there. They are persecuted and are forbidden any means of education. Those who try to educate the children have been imprisoned and executed. This mural is dedicated to those Baha'is and others around the world who are denied the right to an education.

"Running Fence" was a huge environmental art project conceived and executed by the New York artists Christo and Jeanne-Claude, a husband-and-wife team famous for their often-massive installations all over the world. "Running Fence" began in the waters of the Pacific Ocean and snaked across the coastal hills of Sonoma and Marin counties in California for 24.5 miles (39 km). These are photos I shot on Sept. 10, 1976, when I was a newspaper reporter. The photos are of the installation's inland termination, on the morning the last of the 2,050 white nylon fabric panels, 18 feet or 5.5 meters high, were unfurled. A Google images search will get you more spectacular color photos of the completed art work. Like all of Christo and Jeanne-Claude's large-scale works, this one was temporary. After two weeks, it was dismantled, and its fabric and steel given for recycling to the ranchers over whose land it was built. These images were never printed until August 2017, when I asked Express Photo, Kansas City's premier vintage photograph restorers, to make digital files of the 41-year-old negatives. The film images were deteriorating, probably from too little time in the fixing bath during processing. Pentax Spotmatic, Super Takumar 50mm f1.4, Kodak Plus-X.

 

For more on "Running Fence," click the links below.

 

christojeanneclaude.net/projects/running-fence

 

eyelevel.si.edu/2010/04/christo-and-jeanneclaude-on-the-m...

 

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Running_Fence

This piece is entitled "self portrait of ones entire life". I executed this piece with the a theory I developed that is called Dimensionalism . This theory has its inspiration form my experiences with pre-seizure events for I have epilepsy. In this state I become detached from reality and see time in a different construct,that of a hyper intensity. A hyper awareness of a moment and everything that constructs it from sounds,thoughts,things tactile . While in these pre seizure states, some instances time is slowed down/speed up or frozen. While in other instances I am forced away form all comprehension of what is in my present environment and reality takes on a totally foreign existence where all has to be re learned.

For the viewers of my piece all of life is in dimensions and how one moves through these dimensions of either large dimensional constructs such as ones life or to the minute dimensional construct of a simple word. Thus giving the viewer this new perspective of time and space. The suspended animation of the piece is only dynamic as the viewer views the piece from the narrower sides form either end where a visible play of time sequencing exists and ones eye is drawn into the piece...

A perspective of a Dimesionalist where one has a view of a moment with a gods eye/time traveler or a pure energy source . From looking at a simple word to a memory one has. All is captured in dimensions. There are other branches of my theory that further portray my experiences. Demensionalising and facitile dimensionalism. These ideas also play with the constructs of how one sees time/moment.I hope to execute these ideas in the future...........

All these ideas/theories have a direct correlation with present day society...from the over abundance of information that is transferred by different technologies to the ways these technologies directly affect our existence and how it adds other dimensions of time to our lives.

I will be placing more info online in the future. and creating a temp website that fully explains all the details and shows examples of these theories as well as go into more details..

 

If you are interested in more info please feel free to contact ...efj@sbcglobal.net

 

Best best

 

Efj.

There are other branches of my theory that further portray my experiences. Demensionalising and facitile dimensionalism. These ideas also play with the constructs of how one sees time but deals more with dynamic movement .I hope to execute these ideas in the future...........

All these ideas/theories have a direct correlation with present day society...from the over abundance of information that is transferred by different technologies to the ways these technologies directly affect our existence and how it adds other dimensions of time to our lives.

 

I will be placing more info online in the future. and creating a temp website that fully explains all the details and shows examples of these theories as well as go into more details..

 

If you are interested in more info please feel free to contact ...efj@sbcglobal.net

 

Best best

 

Efj.

The central focus of FDR’s second term was developing and executing the New Deal to bring the country out of economic turmoil. In this room, there are three scenes depicting the state of American citizens in the United States during the Great Depression. In front of you, against the large central wall, a rural family is depicted suffering from the effects of drought, dust bowls, and poverty. Inscribed above the sculpture is the following quote from FDR’s second inaugural address: “I see one-third of a nation ill-housed, ill-clad, ill-nourished.”

 

Turning away from this historic scene, visitors encounter two more sculptural vignettes by George Segal which exemplify the overwhelming issue of poverty. One scene, Appalachian Couple, captures a farm couple caught in what appears to be an unending cycle of despair. They appear in front of their barn, their only obvious possession a wooden chair.

 

George Segal

 

George Segal was born in the Bronx, New York City, in 1924. His parents had immigrated from eastern Europe. George exhibited an interest in art early and won honors for his work while still in high school. George was raised in New Jersey, where his family settled, and he helped his parents with their chicken-raising business throughout his teens. Later, he took over the farm and still lives there with his wife Helen. Today, the old chicken coops house his art studio.

 

Everyday life and everyday happenings form the basis of George Segal’s sculptures. His pieces are cast directly from live models, mostly friends and relatives. George’s method of sculpting is unique. It depends heavily on real-life events and people said within environments which he constructs from real elements and furnishings. Segal’s work is therefore figurative but it does not romanticize or idealize the people whom he casts.

 

As the critic Phyllis Tuckman explains in the book, George Segal: Recent Painted Sculpture, “Segal’s figures radiate an aura of the familiar. They look like the kind of people with whom you come in daily contact…. These slices of life’s scenarios belie or masked other aspects of this haunting art.” Segal’s environments express more than what is visible on the surface. They dig deeply and say much about the universal elements of life through their focus on simple tasks.

 

It was for these reasons that George Segal was chosen to work within the themes of the Memorial. George has strong feelings and deep empathy for the Roosevelt era. He quickly selected three everyday images that were descriptive of the essence of the Depression years in our country, which had such a deep influence on the character and quality of our culture. Within these depictions the message is one of inherent individual dignity in the face of overwhelming odds.

 

George Segal developed his very personal casting technique in the early 1960s. He starts by dipping cloth bandages in wet plaster and then applying them directly to a body or to an object. He spends time working with his models before casting, describing the gestures he is trying to achieve and choreographing the positioning of their bodies in space within the constructed environment. Artist and model work together to finalize the pose before wrapping begins. Once the format has been fixed, the bandages are fitted around the various parts of the body. Hardening takes only minutes and then the bandages are removed by splitting them into sections. Later, they are reassembled to form the final figures or, as was the case for figures in the Memorial, they become molds for the final bronze sculptures.

newcastlephotos.blogspot.com/2006/06/all-saints-cemetery....

 

All Saints Cemetery

This Cemetery stands on Jesmond Road, opposite Jesmond Old Cemetery and was the first cemetery in Newcastle to be instigated by the Burial Board. Consecrated in 1855 and opened in 1856 this was very much a rural part of Newcastle. The residential housing surrounding the cemetery on 3 sides were built later.

 

Noted Newcastle architect Benjamin Green designed the cemetery, its buildings and the fine Gothic archway over the entrance from Jesmond Road. The cemetery is surrounded by cast iron railings with fleur-de-lys heads.

 

The cemetery was extended to Osborne Avenue, from just under 10 acres by another 1.3 hectares in 1881.

 

In 1924 Carliol Square Gaol was demolished and the bodies of its executed criminals were transferred into unmarked graves in the cemetery.

 

In total around 90,000 burials have taken place here.

 

Thomas Harrison Hair (1810-1875) the artist best known for his Views of the Collieries of Northumberland and Durham, is buried here in an unmarked grave.

 

Two Small Chapels:

2 chapels. 1856 by Green. Coursed squared sandstone with ashlar turrets and dressings; Welsh slate roofs. T-plan with additional porch on side away from centre of cemetery, and corner turret on innermost side at south end. Aligned north-south. Decorated style. Double doors, with elaborate hinges,on inner fronts have nook shafts and head-stopped dripmoulds; similar surround to plainer door in outward-facing porch; windows of 3 lights facing gateway, 2 lights on other fronts, have similar dripmoulds. Lancets to corner turrets with gabled belfry under octagonal spirelets. Buttresses. Steeply-pitched roofs with cross finials. LISTED GRADE 2.

 

1 of the Chapels is now the Russian Orthodox Church Of St. George.

 

Gate, walls, piers, gates and railings.

 

Cemetery gateway, walls, piers, gates and railings. Dated 1856; by Green. Coursed squared sandstone with ashlar dressings; wrought iron gates; cast iron railings. Gothic style. High gable over 2-centred arch with 12 shafts each side and many mouldings; gabled ends have fantastic beasts climbing down kneelers; head-stopped dripmoulds, buttresses and finials.

 

High, pointed coping to flanking walls containing pedestrian doors in arches; end piers have gables with fleur-de-lis moulding. Chamfered coping to dwarf quadrant walls and similar walls along cemetery front, with 4 square piers at each side having pyramidal coping. High gates are Gothic-patterned; railings have fleur-de-lis heads.

 

Burials:

Samuel Smith.

Celtic Cross monument. Samuel Smith OBE JP (1872-1949) was the founder of Rington's Tea. He was born in Leeds and became an errand boy for a tea merchants on leaving school at 11. In 1908 he moved to Newcastle and set up a small shop in Heaton with William Titterington. They called the company Ringtons. The tea was imported from India and Sri Lanka then tasted, blended and packaged. It was delivered by the company's black, gold and green horse-drawn coaches. In 1926 the business moved to purpose-built premises in Algernon Road. Eventually there were 26 branches of Ringtons in the North. The firm moved into coachbuilding during the World Wars, which led to the creation of Smith's Electric Vehicles at Team Valley Trading Estate.

 

Alexander Gardner.

Cross monument. Alexander Gardner (1877-1921) was a footballer for Newcastle United. Before the First World War, Newcastle United were in the First Division, won three league titles and won one FA Cup final of three. Alexander was the captain and played at right half (midfielder). He made 268 appearances and scored 20 goals. He was born in Leith in 1899. The 1904/5 team won 23 out of 34 league games. In 1909 Alexander broke his leg, which ended his football career. He became landlord of the Dun Cow Inn in Claremont Road.

 

Michael Joseph Quigley.

Gravestone of Michael Joseph Quigley (1837-1924), American Civil War veteran. Michael was born in Bradford and emigrated to America with his wife shortly before the outbreak of civil war. He served under General Robert E. Lee in Virginia but was wounded in his left arm. He was later employed in Government Service. He returned to Britain in 1876. He lived in St. Lawrence Square off Walker Road. His income was subsidised by a pension from the American Government.

 

James Skinner.

Obelisk monument to James Skinner (1836-1920), shipbuilder. James was born in London. He moved to Newcastle aged 14 to begin an apprenticeship at Coutts shipyard at Low Walker. He went on to manage Andrew Leslie's shipyard at Hebburn then opened a yard at Bill Quay with William Wood, shipyard cashier. The firm Wood Skinner & Co. built 330 vessels over 42 years up to 1925. They also built the 30-bed Tyne Floating Hospital for Infectious Diseases at Jarrow Slake, designed by Newcastle Civil Engineer, George Laws. The hospital ship was launched on 2 August 1885. It sank in 1888. She was refloated and remained moored there for over 40 years.

 

Francis Batey.

Urn monument to Francis Batey (1841-1915), steam tug boat owner. Francis joined his father's tug boat business at the age of 11 and eventually gained his master's certificate. When the Albert Edward Dock opened in 1884, he was assistant pilot on the Rio Amazonas, the first ship to enter the dock. He went on to be chairman of several tug related companies on the River Tyne. One of his sons, John Thomas Batey, became Managing Director of Hawthorn Leslie's Hebburn shipyard.

 

Antonio Marcantonio.

Impressive monument of a statue of a monk or friar holding an infant. Antonio Marcantonio (1886-1960), ice cream manufacturer, arrived in Newcastle in 1895 to join a small colony of Italians living in Byker. In the early 1900s he returned to Italy to marry Angela. He returned to Newcastle and began making ice cream in a room in his house using small pans of salt and ice to freeze it. Eventually he took over a small factory on Stepney Bank. 500 gallons of ice cream were made daily. He also owned five ice cream parlours, the first one was in the Grainger Arcade. The Mark Toney business still flourishes (factory at Benton Square).

 

George Henry Carr.

A 13 feet high monument to George Henry Carr (1867-1889), racing cyclist. There is a shield on each side depicting a bicycle, flowers, the badge of the Jubilee Rovers Bicycle Club and the badge of Clarence Bicycle Club. Carr was a prominent figure on the racing circuit. He died aged 22 of inflammation of the brain.

 

John James Lightfoot,

Monument of an angel to John James Lightfoot (1877-1897), apprentice joiner. John James was crushed to death aged 19 during restoration of the 200 year old Green Tree beerhouse in Robson's Entry, Sandgate.The building collapsed killing 4 people and injuring 12. The disaster was sketched by the Chronicle's artist and published on 6 March 1897 the day after the accident. The article describes the scene - 'in the house to the east there was a yawning space where the wall had tumbled in; behind the hole a staircase stood, but seemed, like the sword of Damocles, to have no more than a hair-strength to support it'.

 

Josephine Esther Salisse.

Family vault of M. and H.M. Salisse. A stone sarcophagus with a bronze female figure mourning over it. Josephine Esther Salisse (1905-1924) was from Thornton Heath in Surrey. She died suddenly at her aunt's home in Stratford Road, Heaton, aged 19.

 

John and Benjamin Green were a father and son who worked in partnership as architects in North East England during the early nineteenth century. John, the father was a civil engineer as well as an architect. Although they did carry out some commissions separately, they were given joint credit for many of their projects, and it is difficult to attribute much of their work to a single individual. In general, John Green worked on civil engineering projects, such as road and rail bridges, whereas Benjamin worked on projects that were more purely architectural. Their work was predominantly church and railway architecture, with a sprinkling of public buildings that includes their masterpiece, Newcastle's Theatre Royal.

 

Drawings by John and Benjamin Green are held by the Laing Art Gallery in Newcastle upon Tyne.

 

Biographies

John Green was born on 29 June 1787 at Newton Fell House, Nafferton, two miles north of Ovington, Northumberland. He was the son of Benjamin Green, a carpenter and maker of agricultural implements. After finishing school, he worked in his father's business. The firm moved to the market town of Corbridge and began general building work with young John concentrating on architectural work. About 1820, John set up business as an architect and civil engineer in nearby Newcastle upon Tyne.

 

John Green married Jane Stobart in 1805, and they had two sons, John (c.1807–68) and Benjamin (c1811-58), both of whom became architects. Little is known about the career of John, but Benjamin worked in partnership with his father on many projects.

 

In 1822 John Green designed a new building for the Newcastle Literary and Philosophical Society. The building, which houses the society's substantial library, is still in use today. He also designed a number of farmhouses, being employed on the Beaufront estate near Hexham and also on the Duke of Northumberland’s estates.

 

John Green was principally a civil engineer, and built several road and rail bridges. In 1829–31 he built two wrought-iron suspension bridges crossing the Tyne (at Scotswood) and the Tees (at Whorlton). The bridge at Scotswood was demolished in 1967 but the one at Whorlton still survives. When the High Level Bridge at Newcastle was proposed ten years later, John Green submitted plans, but those of Robert Stephenson were accepted by the York, Newcastle and Berwick Railway. Green also built a number of bridges using an innovative system of laminated timber arches on masonry piers, the Weibeking system, based on the work of Bavarian engineer C.F. Weibeking. The two he built for the Newcastle and North Shields Railway, at the Ouseburn and at Willington Quay remain in use, though the timbers were replaced with wrought iron in a similar lattice pattern in 1869. In 1840 he was elected to the Institution of Civil Engineers, and in 1841 he was awarded the institution's Telford Medal for his work on laminated arch design.

 

John Green died in Newcastle on 30 September 1852.

 

Benjamin Green

Benjamin Green was a pupil of Augustus Charles Pugin, father of the more famous Augustus Welby Northmore Pugin. In the mid-1830s he became a partner of his father and remained so until the latter's death in 1852. The two partners differed somewhat. John has been described as a 'plain, practical, shrewd man of business' with a 'plain, severe and economical' style, whereas Benjamin was 'an artistic, dashing sort of fellow', with a style that was 'ornamental, florid and costly'.

 

The Greens worked as railway architects and it is believed that all the main line stations between Newcastle and Berwick upon Tweed were designed by Benjamin. In 2020 Morpeth Station was restored to Green's original designs following a £2.3M investment. They also designed a number of Northumbrian churches, the best examples being at Earsdon and Cambo.

 

The Green's most important commissions in Newcastle were the Theatre Royal (1836–37) and the column for Grey's Monument (1837–38). Both of these structures were part of the re-development of Newcastle city centre in neo-classical style by Richard Grainger, and both exist today. Although both of the partners were credited with their design, it is believed that Benjamin was the person responsible.

 

Another well-known structure designed by the Greens is Penshaw Monument (1844). This is a folly standing on Penshaw Hill in County Durham. It was built as a half-sized replica of the renowned Temple of Hephaestus in Athens, and was dedicated to John George Lambton, first Earl of Durham and the first Governor of the Province of Canada. The monument, being built on a hill is visible for miles around and is a famous local landmark. It is now owned by the National Trust.

 

Benjamin Green survived his father by only six years, and died in a mental home at Dinsdale Park, County Durham on 14 November 1858.

 

Major works

Presbyterian Chapel, Newcastle upon Tyne, 1822 (demolished 2011)

Literary and Philosophical Society, Newcastle upon Tyne, 1822–1825

St Peter's Church, Falstone, 1824–1825

Westgate Hill Cemetery, Newcastle upon Tyne, 1825–1829 (lodge demolished 1970, railings and gates removed, piers and basic layout remains)

Ingram Farm, Ingram, 1826

Whorlton Suspension Bridge, Wycliffe, County Durham, 1829–1831

Hawks Cottages, Gateshead, 1830 (demolished 1960)

Scotswood Chain Bridge, Newcastle upon Tyne, 1831, (demolished 1967)

Church of St Mary and St Thomas Aquinas, Stella, 1831–1832[1]

Bellingham Bridge, Bellingham, 1834

Holy Trinity Church, Stockton-On-Tees, 1834–1835[2]

Holy Trinity Church, Dalton (near Stamfordham), 1836

Vicarage of St Alban, Earsdon, 1836

Church of St Alban, Earsdon, 1836–1837

St Mary's Roman Catholic Church, Alnwick, 1836

Church of the Holy Saviour, Newburn, 1836–1837

Poor Law Guardians Hall, North Shields, 1837

Master Mariners Homes, Tynemouth, 1837–1840[3]

Theatre Royal, Newcastle upon Tyne, 1837

Parish Hall of the Church of the Holy Saviour, Newburn, 1838

Column of Grey's Monument, Newcastle upon Tyne, 1838

Willington Viaduct, Wallsend, 1837–1839

Ouseburn Viaduct, Newcastle upon Tyne, 1837–1839

Church of the Holy Saviour, Tynemouth, 1839–1841

Ilderton Vicarage, Ilderton, 1841

The Red Cottage, Whitburn, 1842

Holy Trinity Church, Cambo, 1842

Holy Trinity Church, Horsley-on-Rede, 1844

The Earl of Durham's Monument, Sunderland, 1844

St Edwin's, Coniscliffe, Co. Durham, 1844 (restoration of mediaeval church)

40–44 Moseley Street, Newcastle upon Tyne, 1845

Witham Testimonial Hall, Barnard Castle, 1846

Old Railway Station, Tynemouth Rd, Tynemouth 1846–1847

Acklington Station, Acklington, 1847

Chathill Station, Chathill, 1847

Belford Station, Belford, Northumberland, 1847

Morpeth Station, Morpeth, Northumberland, 1847

Warkworth Station, Warkworth, Northumberland, 1847

Holy Trinity Church, Seghill, 1849

Newcastle Joint Stock Bank, St Nicholas Square, Newcastle, c.1850

Norham station, Norham, 1851

St Paul's Church, Elswick, 1854

All Saints Cemetery, Jesmond, 1854

Sailor's Home, 11 New Quay, North Shields, 1856

United Free Methodist Church, North Shields, 1857

Corn Exchange, Groat Market, Newcastle (demolished 1974)

 

Newcastle upon Tyne, or simply Newcastle is a cathedral city and metropolitan borough in Tyne and Wear, England. It is located on the River Tyne's northern bank, opposite Gateshead to the south. It is the most populous settlement in the Tyneside conurbation and North East England.

 

Newcastle developed around a Roman settlement called Pons Aelius, the settlement became known as Monkchester before taking on the name of a castle built in 1080 by William the Conqueror's eldest son, Robert Curthose. It was one of the world's largest ship building and repair centres during the industrial revolution. Newcastle was part of the county of Northumberland until 1400, when it separated and formed a county of itself. In 1974, Newcastle became part of Tyne and Wear. Since 2018, the city council has been part of the North of Tyne Combined Authority.

 

The history of Newcastle upon Tyne dates back almost 2,000 years, during which it has been controlled by the Romans, the Angles and the Norsemen amongst others. Newcastle upon Tyne was originally known by its Roman name Pons Aelius. The name "Newcastle" has been used since the Norman conquest of England. Due to its prime location on the River Tyne, the town developed greatly during the Middle Ages and it was to play a major role in the Industrial Revolution, being granted city status in 1882. Today, the city is a major retail, commercial and cultural centre.

 

Roman settlement

The history of Newcastle dates from AD 122, when the Romans built the first bridge to cross the River Tyne at that point. The bridge was called Pons Aelius or 'Bridge of Aelius', Aelius being the family name of Roman Emperor Hadrian, who was responsible for the Roman wall built across northern England along the Tyne–Solway gap. Hadrian's Wall ran through present-day Newcastle, with stretches of wall and turrets visible along the West Road, and at a temple in Benwell. Traces of a milecastle were found on Westgate Road, midway between Clayton Street and Grainger Street, and it is likely that the course of the wall corresponded to present-day Westgate Road. The course of the wall can be traced eastwards to the Segedunum Roman fort at Wallsend, with the fort of Arbeia down-river at the mouth of the Tyne, on the south bank in what is now South Shields. The Tyne was then a wider, shallower river at this point and it is thought that the bridge was probably about 700 feet (210 m) long, made of wood and supported on stone piers. It is probable that it was sited near the current Swing Bridge, due to the fact that Roman artefacts were found there during the building of the latter bridge. Hadrian himself probably visited the site in 122. A shrine was set up on the completed bridge in 123 by the 6th Legion, with two altars to Neptune and Oceanus respectively. The two altars were subsequently found in the river and are on display in the Great North Museum in Newcastle.

 

The Romans built a stone-walled fort in 150 to protect the river crossing which was at the foot of the Tyne Gorge, and this took the name of the bridge so that the whole settlement was known as Pons Aelius. The fort was situated on a rocky outcrop overlooking the new bridge, on the site of the present Castle Keep. Pons Aelius is last mentioned in 400, in a Roman document listing all of the Roman military outposts. It is likely that nestling in the shadow of the fort would have been a small vicus, or village. Unfortunately, no buildings have been detected; only a few pieces of flagging. It is clear that there was a Roman cemetery near Clavering Place, behind the Central station, as a number of Roman coffins and sarcophagi have been unearthed there.

 

Despite the presence of the bridge, the settlement of Pons Aelius was not particularly important among the northern Roman settlements. The most important stations were those on the highway of Dere Street running from Eboracum (York) through Corstopitum (Corbridge) and to the lands north of the Wall. Corstopitum, being a major arsenal and supply centre, was much larger and more populous than Pons Aelius.

 

Anglo-Saxon development

The Angles arrived in the North-East of England in about 500 and may have landed on the Tyne. There is no evidence of an Anglo-Saxon settlement on or near the site of Pons Aelius during the Anglo-Saxon age. The bridge probably survived and there may well have been a small village at the northern end, but no evidence survives. At that time the region was dominated by two kingdoms, Bernicia, north of the Tees and ruled from Bamburgh, and Deira, south of the Tees and ruled from York. Bernicia and Deira combined to form the kingdom of Northanhymbra (Northumbria) early in the 7th century. There were three local kings who held the title of Bretwalda – 'Lord of Britain', Edwin of Deira (627–632), Oswald of Bernicia (633–641) and Oswy of Northumbria (641–658). The 7th century became known as the 'Golden Age of Northumbria', when the area was a beacon of culture and learning in Europe. The greatness of this period was based on its generally Christian culture and resulted in the Lindisfarne Gospels amongst other treasures. The Tyne valley was dotted with monasteries, with those at Monkwearmouth, Hexham and Jarrow being the most famous. Bede, who was based at Jarrow, wrote of a royal estate, known as Ad Murum, 'at the Wall', 12 miles (19 km) from the sea. It is thought that this estate may have been in what is now Newcastle. At some unknown time, the site of Newcastle came to be known as Monkchester. The reason for this title is unknown, as we are unaware of any specific monasteries at the site, and Bede made no reference to it. In 875 Halfdan Ragnarsson, the Danish Viking conqueror of York, led an army that attacked and pillaged various monasteries in the area, and it is thought that Monkchester was also pillaged at this time. Little more was heard of it until the coming of the Normans.

 

Norman period

After the arrival of William the Conqueror in England in 1066, the whole of England was quickly subjected to Norman rule. However, in Northumbria there was great resistance to the Normans, and in 1069 the newly appointed Norman Earl of Northumbria, Robert de Comines and 700 of his men were killed by the local population at Durham. The Northumbrians then marched on York, but William was able to suppress the uprising. That same year, a second uprising occurred when a Danish fleet landed in the Humber. The Northumbrians again attacked York and destroyed the garrison there. William was again able to suppress the uprising, but this time he took revenge. He laid waste to the whole of the Midlands and the land from York to the Tees. In 1080, William Walcher, the Norman bishop of Durham and his followers were brutally murdered at Gateshead. This time Odo, bishop of Bayeux, William's half brother, devastated the land between the Tees and the Tweed. This was known as the 'Harrying of the North'. This devastation is reflected in the Domesday Book. The destruction had such an effect that the North remained poor and backward at least until Tudor times and perhaps until the Industrial Revolution. Newcastle suffered in this respect with the rest of the North.

 

In 1080 William sent his eldest son, Robert Curthose, north to defend the kingdom against the Scots. After his campaign, he moved to Monkchester and began the building of a 'New Castle'. This was of the "motte-and-bailey" type of construction, a wooden tower on top of an earthen mound (motte), surrounded by a moat and wooden stockade (bailey). It was this castle that gave Newcastle its name. In 1095 the Earl of Northumbria, Robert de Mowbray, rose up against the king, William Rufus, and Rufus sent an army north to recapture the castle. From then on the castle became crown property and was an important base from which the king could control the northern barons. The Northumbrian earldom was abolished and a Sheriff of Northumberland was appointed to administer the region. In 1091 the parish church of St Nicholas was consecrated on the site of the present Anglican cathedral, close by the bailey of the new castle. The church is believed to have been a wooden building on stone footings.

 

Not a trace of the tower or mound of the motte and bailey castle remains now. Henry II replaced it with a rectangular stone keep, which was built between 1172 and 1177 at a cost of £1,444. A stone bailey, in the form of a triangle, replaced the previous wooden one. The great outer gateway to the castle, called 'the Black Gate', was built later, between 1247 and 1250, in the reign of Henry III. There were at that time no town walls and when attacked by the Scots, the townspeople had to crowd into the bailey for safety. It is probable that the new castle acted as a magnet for local merchants because of the safety it provided. This in turn would help to expand trade in the town. At this time wool, skins and lead were being exported, whilst alum, pepper and ginger were being imported from France and Flanders.

 

Middle Ages

Throughout the Middle Ages, Newcastle was England's northern fortress, the centre for assembled armies. The Border war against Scotland lasted intermittently for several centuries – possibly the longest border war ever waged. During the civil war between Stephen and Matilda, David 1st of Scotland and his son were granted Cumbria and Northumberland respectively, so that for a period from 1139 to 1157, Newcastle was effectively in Scottish hands. It is believed that during this period, King David may have built the church of St Andrew and the Benedictine nunnery in Newcastle. However, King Stephen's successor, Henry II was strong enough to take back the Earldom of Northumbria from Malcolm IV.

 

The Scots king William the Lion was imprisoned in Newcastle, in 1174, after being captured at the Battle of Alnwick. Edward I brought the Stone of Scone and William Wallace south through the town and Newcastle was successfully defended against the Scots three times during the 14th century.

 

Around 1200, stone-faced, clay-filled jetties were starting to project into the river, an indication that trade was increasing in Newcastle. As the Roman roads continued to deteriorate, sea travel was gaining in importance. By 1275 Newcastle was the sixth largest wool exporting port in England. The principal exports at this time were wool, timber, coal, millstones, dairy produce, fish, salt and hides. Much of the developing trade was with the Baltic countries and Germany. Most of the Newcastle merchants were situated near the river, below the Castle. The earliest known charter was dated 1175 in the reign of Henry II, giving the townspeople some control over their town. In 1216 King John granted Newcastle a mayor[8] and also allowed the formation of guilds (known as Mysteries). These were cartels formed within different trades, which restricted trade to guild members. There were initially twelve guilds. Coal was being exported from Newcastle by 1250, and by 1350 the burgesses received a royal licence to export coal. This licence to export coal was jealously guarded by the Newcastle burgesses, and they tried to prevent any one else on the Tyne from exporting coal except through Newcastle. The burgesses similarly tried to prevent fish from being sold anywhere else on the Tyne except Newcastle. This led to conflicts with Gateshead and South Shields.

 

In 1265, the town was granted permission to impose a 'Wall Tax' or Murage, to pay for the construction of a fortified wall to enclose the town and protect it from Scottish invaders. The town walls were not completed until early in the 14th century. They were two miles (3 km) long, 9 feet (2.7 m) thick and 25 feet (7.6 m) high. They had six main gates, as well as some smaller gates, and had 17 towers. The land within the walls was divided almost equally by the Lort Burn, which flowed southwards and joined the Tyne to the east of the Castle. The town began to expand north of the Castle and west of the Lort Burn with various markets being set up within the walls.

 

In 1400 Henry IV granted a new charter, creating a County corporate which separated the town, but not the Castle, from the county of Northumberland and recognised it as a "county of itself" with a right to have a sheriff of its own. The burgesses were now allowed to choose six aldermen who, with the mayor would be justices of the peace. The mayor and sheriff were allowed to hold borough courts in the Guildhall.

 

Religious houses

During the Middle Ages a number of religious houses were established within the walls: the first of these was the Benedictine nunnery of St Bartholomew founded in 1086 near the present-day Nun Street. Both David I of Scotland and Henry I of England were benefactors of the religious house. Nothing of the nunnery remains now.

 

The friary of Blackfriars, Newcastle (Dominican) was established in 1239. These were also known as the Preaching Friars or Shod Friars, because they wore sandals, as opposed to other orders. The friary was situated in the present-day Friars Street. In 1280 the order was granted royal permission to make a postern in the town walls to communicate with their gardens outside the walls. On 19 June 1334, Edward Balliol, claimant to be King of Scotland, did homage to King Edward III, on behalf of the kingdom of Scotland, in the church of the friary. Much of the original buildings of the friary still exist, mainly because, after the Dissolution of the Monasteries the friary of Blackfriars was rented out by the corporation to nine of the local trade guilds.

 

The friary of Whitefriars (Carmelite) was established in 1262. The order was originally housed on the Wall Knoll in Pandon, but in 1307 it took over the buildings of another order, which went out of existence, the Friars of the Sac. The land, which had originally been given by Robert the Bruce, was situated in the present-day Hanover Square, behind the Central station. Nothing of the friary remains now.

 

The friary of Austinfriars (Augustinian) was established in 1290. The friary was on the site where the Holy Jesus Hospital was built in 1682. The friary was traditionally the lodging place of English kings whenever they visited or passed through Newcastle. In 1503 Princess Margaret, eldest daughter of Henry VII of England, stayed two days at the friary on her way to join her new husband James IV of Scotland.

 

The friary of Greyfriars (Franciscans) was established in 1274. The friary was in the present-day area between Pilgrim Street, Grey Street, Market Street and High Chare. Nothing of the original buildings remains.

 

The friary of the Order of the Holy Trinity, also known as the Trinitarians, was established in 1360. The order devoted a third of its income to buying back captives of the Saracens, during the Crusades. Their house was on the Wall Knoll, in Pandon, to the east of the city, but within the walls. Wall Knoll had previously been occupied by the White Friars until they moved to new premises in 1307.

 

All of the above religious houses were closed in about 1540, when Henry VIII dissolved the monasteries.

 

An important street running through Newcastle at the time was Pilgrim Street, running northwards inside the walls and leading to the Pilgrim Gate on the north wall. The street still exists today as arguably Newcastle's main shopping street.

 

Tudor period

The Scottish border wars continued for much of the 16th century, so that during that time, Newcastle was often threatened with invasion by the Scots, but also remained important as a border stronghold against them.

 

During the Reformation begun by Henry VIII in 1536, the five Newcastle friaries and the single nunnery were dissolved and the land was sold to the Corporation and to rich merchants. At this time there were fewer than 60 inmates of the religious houses in Newcastle. The convent of Blackfriars was leased to nine craft guilds to be used as their headquarters. This probably explains why it is the only one of the religious houses whose building survives to the present day. The priories at Tynemouth and Durham were also dissolved, thus ending the long-running rivalry between Newcastle and the church for control of trade on the Tyne. A little later, the property of the nunnery of St Bartholomew and of Grey Friars were bought by Robert Anderson, who had the buildings demolished to build his grand Newe House (also known as Anderson Place).

 

With the gradual decline of the Scottish border wars the town walls were allowed to decline as well as the castle. By 1547, about 10,000 people were living in Newcastle. At the beginning of the 16th century exports of wool from Newcastle were more than twice the value of exports of coal, but during the century coal exports continued to increase.

 

Under Edward VI, John Dudley, Duke of Northumberland, sponsored an act allowing Newcastle to annexe Gateshead as its suburb. The main reason for this was to allow the Newcastle Hostmen, who controlled the export of Tyne coal, to get their hands on the Gateshead coal mines, previously controlled by the Bishop of Durham. However, when Mary I came to power, Dudley met his downfall and the decision was reversed. The Reformation allowed private access to coal mines previously owned by Tynemouth and Durham priories and as a result coal exports increase dramatically, from 15,000 tons in 1500 to 35,000 tons in 1565, and to 400,000 tons in 1625.

 

The plague visited Newcastle four times during the 16th century, in 1579 when 2,000 people died, in 1589 when 1700 died, in 1595 and finally in 1597.

 

In 1600 Elizabeth I granted Newcastle a charter for an exclusive body of electors, the right to elect the mayor and burgesses. The charter also gave the Hostmen exclusive rights to load coal at any point on the Tyne. The Hostmen developed as an exclusive group within the Merchant Adventurers who had been incorporated by a charter in 1547.

 

Stuart period

In 1636 there was a serious outbreak of bubonic plague in Newcastle. There had been several previous outbreaks of the disease over the years, but this was the most serious. It is thought to have arrived from the Netherlands via ships that were trading between the Tyne and that country. It first appeared in the lower part of the town near the docks but gradually spread to all parts of the town. As the disease gained hold the authorities took measures to control it by boarding up any properties that contained infected persons, meaning that whole families were locked up together with the infected family members. Other infected persons were put in huts outside the town walls and left to die. Plague pits were dug next to the town's four churches and outside the town walls to receive the bodies in mass burials. Over the course of the outbreak 5,631 deaths were recorded out of an estimated population of 12,000, a death rate of 47%.

 

In 1637 Charles I tried to raise money by doubling the 'voluntary' tax on coal in return for allowing the Newcastle Hostmen to regulate production and fix prices. This caused outrage amongst the London importers and the East Anglian shippers. Both groups decided to boycott Tyne coal and as a result forced Charles to reverse his decision in 1638.

 

In 1640 during the Second Bishops' War, the Scots successfully invaded Newcastle. The occupying army demanded £850 per day from the Corporation to billet the Scottish troops. Trade from the Tyne ground to a halt during the occupation. The Scots left in 1641 after receiving a Parliamentary pardon and a £4,000,000 loan from the town.

 

In 1642 the English Civil War began. King Charles realised the value of the Tyne coal trade and therefore garrisoned Newcastle. A Royalist was appointed as governor. At that time, Newcastle and King's Lynn were the only important seaports to support the crown. In 1644 Parliament blockaded the Tyne to prevent the king from receiving revenue from the Tyne coal trade. Coal exports fell from 450,000 to 3,000 tons and London suffered a hard winter without fuel. Parliament encouraged the coal trade from the Wear to try to replace that lost from Newcastle but that was not enough to make up for the lost Tyneside tonnage.

 

In 1644 the Scots crossed the border. Newcastle strengthened its defences in preparation. The Scottish army, with 40,000 troops, besieged Newcastle for three months until the garrison of 1,500 surrendered. During the siege, the Scots bombarded the walls with their artillery, situated in Gateshead and Castle Leazes. The Scottish commander threatened to destroy the steeple of St Nicholas's Church by gunfire if the mayor, Sir John Marley, did not surrender the town. The mayor responded by placing Scottish prisoners that they had captured in the steeple, so saving it from destruction. The town walls were finally breached by a combination of artillery and sapping. In gratitude for this defence, Charles gave Newcastle the motto 'Fortiter Defendit Triumphans' to be added to its coat of arms. The Scottish army occupied Northumberland and Durham for two years. The coal taxes had to pay for the Scottish occupation. In 1645 Charles surrendered to the Scots and was imprisoned in Newcastle for nine months. After the Civil War the coal trade on the Tyne soon picked up and exceeded its pre-war levels.

 

A new Guildhall was completed on the Sandhill next to the river in 1655, replacing an earlier facility damaged by fire in 1639, and became the meeting place of Newcastle Town Council. In 1681 the Hospital of the Holy Jesus was built partly on the site of the Austin Friars. The Guildhall and Holy Jesus Hospital still exist.

 

Charles II tried to impose a charter on Newcastle to give the king the right to appoint the mayor, sheriff, recorder and town clerk. Charles died before the charter came into effect. In 1685, James II tried to replace Corporation members with named Catholics. However, James' mandate was suspended in 1689 after the Glorious Revolution welcoming William of Orange. In 1689, after the fall of James II, the people of Newcastle tore down his bronze equestrian statue in Sandhill and tossed it into the Tyne. The bronze was later used to make bells for All Saints Church.

 

In 1689 the Lort Burn was covered over. At this time it was an open sewer. The channel followed by the Lort Burn became the present day Dean Street. At that time, the centre of Newcastle was still the Sandhill area, with many merchants living along the Close or on the Side. The path of the main road through Newcastle ran from the single Tyne bridge, through Sandhill to the Side, a narrow street which climbed steeply on the north-east side of the castle hill until it reached the higher ground alongside St Nicholas' Church. As Newcastle developed, the Side became lined with buildings with projecting upper stories, so that the main street through Newcastle was a narrow, congested, steep thoroughfare.

 

In 1701 the Keelmen's Hospital was built in the Sandgate area of the city, using funds provided by the keelmen. The building still stands today.

 

Eighteenth century

In the 18th century, Newcastle was the country's largest print centre after London, Oxford and Cambridge, and the Literary and Philosophical Society of 1793, with its erudite debates and large stock of books in several languages predated the London Library by half a century.

 

In 1715, during the Jacobite rising in favour of the Old Pretender, an army of Jacobite supporters marched on Newcastle. Many of the Northumbrian gentry joined the rebels. The citizens prepared for its arrival by arresting Jacobite supporters and accepting 700 extra recruits into the local militia. The gates of the city were closed against the rebels. This proved enough to delay an attack until reinforcements arrived forcing the rebel army to move across to the west coast. The rebels finally surrendered at Preston.

 

In 1745, during a second Jacobite rising in favour of the Young Pretender, a Scottish army crossed the border led by Bonnie Prince Charlie. Once again Newcastle prepared by arresting Jacobite supporters and inducting 800 volunteers into the local militia. The town walls were strengthened, most of the gates were blocked up and some 200 cannon were deployed. 20,000 regulars were billeted on the Town Moor. These preparations were enough to force the rebel army to travel south via the west coast. They were eventually defeated at Culloden in 1746.

 

Newcastle's actions during the 1715 rising in resisting the rebels and declaring for George I, in contrast to the rest of the region, is the most likely source of the nickname 'Geordie', applied to people from Tyneside, or more accurately Newcastle. Another theory, however, is that the name 'Geordie' came from the inventor of the Geordie lamp, George Stephenson. It was a type of safety lamp used in mining, but was not invented until 1815. Apparently the term 'German Geordie' was in common use during the 18th century.

 

The city's first hospital, Newcastle Infirmary opened in 1753; it was funded by public subscription. A lying-in hospital was established in Newcastle in 1760. The city's first public hospital for mentally ill patients, Wardens Close Lunatic Hospital was opened in October 1767.

 

In 1771 a flood swept away much of the bridge at Newcastle. The bridge had been built in 1250 and repaired after a flood in 1339. The bridge supported various houses and three towers and an old chapel. A blue stone was placed in the middle of the bridge to mark the boundary between Newcastle and the Palatinate of Durham. A temporary wooden bridge had to be built, and this remained in use until 1781, when a new stone bridge was completed. The new bridge consisted of nine arches. In 1801, because of the pressure of traffic, the bridge had to be widened.

 

A permanent military presence was established in the city with the completion of Fenham Barracks in 1806. The facilities at the Castle for holding assizes, which had been condemned for their inconvenience and unhealthiness, were replaced when the Moot Hall opened in August 1812.

 

Victorian period

Present-day Newcastle owes much of its architecture to the work of the builder Richard Grainger, aided by architects John Dobson, Thomas Oliver, John and Benjamin Green and others. In 1834 Grainger won a competition to produce a new plan for central Newcastle. He put this plan into effect using the above architects as well as architects employed in his own office. Grainger and Oliver had already built Leazes Terrace, Leazes Crescent and Leazes Place between 1829 and 1834. Grainger and Dobson had also built the Royal Arcade at the foot of Pilgrim Street between 1830 and 1832. The most ambitious project covered 12 acres 12 acres (49,000 m2) in central Newcastle, on the site of Newe House (also called Anderson Place). Grainger built three new thoroughfares, Grey Street, Grainger Street and Clayton Street with many connecting streets, as well as the Central Exchange and the Grainger Market. John Wardle and George Walker, working in Grainger's office, designed Clayton Street, Grainger Street and most of Grey Street. Dobson designed the Grainger Market and much of the east side of Grey Street. John and Benjamin Green designed the Theatre Royal at the top of Grey Street, where Grainger placed the column of Grey's Monument as a focus for the whole scheme. Grey Street is considered to be one of the finest streets in the country, with its elegant curve. Unfortunately most of old Eldon Square was demolished in the 1960s in the name of progress. The Royal Arcade met a similar fate.

 

In 1849 a new bridge was built across the river at Newcastle. This was the High Level Bridge, designed by Robert Stephenson, and slightly up river from the existing bridge. The bridge was designed to carry road and rail traffic across the Tyne Gorge on two decks with rail traffic on the upper deck and road traffic on the lower. The new bridge meant that traffic could pass through Newcastle without having to negotiate the steep, narrow Side, as had been necessary for centuries. The bridge was opened by Queen Victoria, who one year later opened the new Central Station, designed by John Dobson. Trains were now able to cross the river, directly into the centre of Newcastle and carry on up to Scotland. The Army Riding School was also completed in 1849.

 

In 1854 a large fire started on the Gateshead quayside and an explosion caused it to spread across the river to the Newcastle quayside. A huge conflagration amongst the narrow alleys, or 'chares', destroyed the homes of 800 families as well as many business premises. The narrow alleys that had been destroyed were replaced by streets containing blocks of modern offices.

 

In 1863 the Town Hall in St Nicholas Square replaced the Guildhall as the meeting place of Newcastle Town Council.

 

In 1876 the low level bridge was replaced by a new bridge known as the Swing Bridge, so called because the bridge was able to swing horizontally on a central axis and allow ships to pass on either side. This meant that for the first time sizeable ships could pass up-river beyond Newcastle. The bridge was built and paid for by William Armstrong, a local arms manufacturer, who needed to have warships access his Elswick arms factory to fit armaments to them. The Swing Bridge's rotating mechanism is adapted from the cannon mounts developed in Armstrong's arms works. In 1882 the Elswick works began to build ships as well as to arm them. The Barrack Road drill hall was completed in 1890.

 

Industrialisation

In the 19th century, shipbuilding and heavy engineering were central to the city's prosperity; and the city was a powerhouse of the Industrial Revolution. Newcastle's development as a major city owed most to its central role in the production and export of coal. The phrase "taking coals to Newcastle" was first recorded in 1538; it proverbially denotes bringing a particular commodity to a place that has more than enough of it already.

 

Innovation in Newcastle and surrounding areas included the following:

 

George Stephenson developed a miner's safety lamp at the same time that Humphry Davy developed a rival design. The lamp made possible the opening up of ever deeper mines to provide the coal that powered the industrial revolution.

George and his son Robert Stephenson were hugely influential figures in the development of the early railways. George developed Blücher, a locomotive working at Killingworth colliery in 1814, whilst Robert was instrumental in the design of Rocket, a revolutionary design that was the forerunner of modern locomotives. Both men were involved in planning and building railway lines, all over this country and abroad.

 

Joseph Swan demonstrated a working electric light bulb about a year before Thomas Edison did the same in the USA. This led to a dispute as to who had actually invented the light bulb. Eventually the two rivals agreed to form a mutual company between them, the Edison and Swan Electric Light Company, known as Ediswan.

 

Charles Algernon Parsons invented the steam turbine, for marine use and for power generation. He used Turbinia, a small, turbine-powered ship, to demonstrate the speed that a steam turbine could generate. Turbinia literally ran rings around the British Fleet at a review at Spithead in 1897.

 

William Armstrong invented a hydraulic crane that was installed in dockyards up and down the country. He then began to design light, accurate field guns for the British army. These were a vast improvement on the existing guns that were then in use.

 

The following major industries developed in Newcastle or its surrounding area:

 

Glassmaking

A small glass industry existed in Newcastle from the mid-15th century. In 1615 restrictions were put on the use of wood for manufacturing glass. It was found that glass could be manufactured using the local coal, and so a glassmaking industry grew up on Tyneside. Huguenot glassmakers came over from France as refugees from persecution and set up glasshouses in the Skinnerburn area of Newcastle. Eventually, glass production moved to the Ouseburn area of Newcastle. In 1684 the Dagnia family, Sephardic Jewish emigrants from Altare, arrived in Newcastle from Stourbridge and established glasshouses along the Close, to manufacture high quality flint glass. The glass manufacturers used sand ballast from the boats arriving in the river as the main raw material. The glassware was then exported in collier brigs. The period from 1730 to 1785 was the highpoint of Newcastle glass manufacture, when the local glassmakers produced the 'Newcastle Light Baluster'. The glassmaking industry still exists in the west end of the city with local Artist and Glassmaker Jane Charles carrying on over four hundred years of hot glass blowing in Newcastle upon Tyne.

 

Locomotive manufacture

In 1823 George Stephenson and his son Robert established the world's first locomotive factory near Forth Street in Newcastle. Here they built locomotives for the Stockton and Darlington Railway and the Liverpool and Manchester Railway, as well as many others. It was here that the famous locomotive Rocket was designed and manufactured in preparation for the Rainhill Trials. Apart from building locomotives for the British market, the Newcastle works also produced locomotives for Europe and America. The Forth Street works continued to build locomotives until 1960.

 

Shipbuilding

In 1296 a wooden, 135 ft (41 m) long galley was constructed at the mouth of the Lort Burn in Newcastle, as part of a twenty-ship order from the king. The ship cost £205, and is the earliest record of shipbuilding in Newcastle. However the rise of the Tyne as a shipbuilding area was due to the need for collier brigs for the coal export trade. These wooden sailing ships were usually built locally, establishing local expertise in building ships. As ships changed from wood to steel, and from sail to steam, the local shipbuilding industry changed to build the new ships. Although shipbuilding was carried out up and down both sides of the river, the two main areas for building ships in Newcastle were Elswick, to the west, and Walker, to the east. By 1800 Tyneside was the third largest producer of ships in Britain. Unfortunately, after the Second World War, lack of modernisation and competition from abroad gradually caused the local industry to decline and die.

 

Armaments

In 1847 William Armstrong established a huge factory in Elswick, west of Newcastle. This was initially used to produce hydraulic cranes but subsequently began also to produce guns for both the army and the navy. After the Swing Bridge was built in 1876 allowing ships to pass up river, warships could have their armaments fitted alongside the Elswick works. Armstrong's company took over its industrial rival, Joseph Whitworth of Manchester in 1897.

 

Steam turbines

Charles Algernon Parsons invented the steam turbine and, in 1889, founded his own company C. A. Parsons and Company in Heaton, Newcastle to make steam turbines. Shortly after this, he realised that steam turbines could be used to propel ships and, in 1897, he founded a second company, Parsons Marine Steam Turbine Company in Wallsend. It is there that he designed and manufactured Turbinia. Parsons turbines were initially used in warships but soon came to be used in merchant and passenger vessels, including the liner Mauretania which held the blue riband for the Atlantic crossing until 1929. Parsons' company in Heaton began to make turbo-generators for power stations and supplied power stations all over the world. The Heaton works, reduced in size, remains as part of the Siemens AG industrial giant.

 

Pottery

In 1762 the Maling pottery was founded in Sunderland by French Huguenots, but transferred to Newcastle in 1817. A factory was built in the Ouseburn area of the city. The factory was rebuilt twice, finally occupying a 14-acre (57,000 m2) site that was claimed to be the biggest pottery in the world and which had its own railway station. The pottery pioneered use of machines in making potteries as opposed to hand production. In the 1890s the company went up-market and employed in-house designers. The period up to the Second World War was the most profitable with a constant stream of new designs being introduced. However, after the war, production gradually declined and the company closed in 1963.

 

Expansion of the city

Newcastle was one of the boroughs reformed by the Municipal Corporations Act 1835: the reformed municipal borough included the parishes of Byker, Elswick, Heaton, Jesmond, Newcastle All Saints, Newcastle St Andrew, Newcastle St John, Newcastle St Nicholas, and Westgate. The urban districts of Benwell and Fenham and Walker were added in 1904. In 1935, Newcastle gained Kenton and parts of the parishes of West Brunton, East Denton, Fawdon, Longbenton. The most recent expansion in Newcastle's boundaries took place under the Local Government Act 1972 on 1 April 1974, when Newcastle became a metropolitan borough, also including the urban districts of Gosforth and Newburn, and the parishes of Brunswick, Dinnington, Hazlerigg, North Gosforth and Woolsington from the Castle Ward Rural District, and the village of Westerhope.

 

Meanwhile Northumberland County Council was formed under the Local Government Act 1888 and benefited from a dedicated meeting place when County Hall was completed in the Castle Garth area of Newcastle in 1910. Following the Local Government Act 1972 County Hall relocated to Morpeth in April 1981.

 

Twentieth century

In 1925 work began on a new high-level road bridge to span the Tyne Gorge between Newcastle and Gateshead. The capacity of the existing High-Level Bridge and Swing Bridge were being strained to the limit, and an additional bridge had been discussed for a long time. The contract was awarded to the Dorman Long Company and the bridge was finally opened by King George V in 1928. The road deck was 84 feet (26 m) above the river and was supported by a 531 feet (162 m) steel arch. The new Tyne Bridge quickly became a symbol for Newcastle and Tyneside, and remains so today.

 

During the Second World War, Newcastle was largely spared the horrors inflicted upon other British cities bombed during the Blitz. Although the armaments factories and shipyards along the River Tyne were targeted by the Luftwaffe, they largely escaped unscathed. Manors goods yard and railway terminal, to the east of the city centre, and the suburbs of Jesmond and Heaton suffered bombing during 1941. There were 141 deaths and 587 injuries, a relatively small figure compared to the casualties in other industrial centres of Britain.

 

In 1963 the city gained its own university, the University of Newcastle upon Tyne, by act of parliament. A School of Medicine and Surgery had been established in Newcastle in 1834. This eventually developed into a college of medicine attached to Durham University. A college of physical science was also founded and became Armstrong College in 1904. In 1934 the two colleges merged to become King's College, Durham. This remained as part of Durham University until the new university was created in 1963. In 1992 the city gained its second university when Newcastle Polytechnic was granted university status as Northumbria University.

 

Newcastle City Council moved to the new Newcastle Civic Centre in 1968.

 

As heavy industries declined in the second half of the 20th century, large sections of the city centre were demolished along with many areas of slum housing. The leading political figure in the city during the 1960s was T. Dan Smith who oversaw a massive building programme of highrise housing estates and authorised the demolition of a quarter of the Georgian Grainger Town to make way for Eldon Square Shopping Centre. Smith's control in Newcastle collapsed when it was exposed that he had used public contracts to advantage himself and his business associates and for a time Newcastle became a byword for civic corruption as depicted in the films Get Carter and Stormy Monday and in the television series Our Friends in the North. However, much of the historic Grainger Town area survived and was, for the most part, fully restored in the late 1990s. Northumberland Street, initially the A1, was gradually closed to traffic from the 1970s and completely pedestrianised by 1998.

 

In 1978 a new rapid transport system, the Metro, was built, linking the Tyneside area. The system opened in August 1980. A new bridge was built to carry the Metro across the river between Gateshead and Newcastle. This was the Queen Elizabeth II Bridge, commonly known as the Metro Bridge. Eventually the Metro system was extended to reach Newcastle Airport in 1991, and in 2002 the Metro system was extended to the nearby city of Sunderland.

 

As the 20th century progressed, trade on the Newcastle and Gateshead quaysides gradually declined, until by the 1980s both sides of the river were looking rather derelict. Shipping company offices had closed along with offices of firms related to shipping. There were also derelict warehouses lining the riverbank. Local government produced a master plan to re-develop the Newcastle quayside and this was begun in the 1990s. New offices, restaurants, bars and residential accommodation were built and the area has changed in the space of a few years into a vibrant area, partially returning the focus of Newcastle to the riverside, where it was in medieval times.

 

The Gateshead Millennium Bridge, a foot and cycle bridge, 26 feet (7.9 m) wide and 413 feet (126 m) long, was completed in 2001. The road deck is in the form of a curve and is supported by a steel arch. To allow ships to pass, the whole structure, both arch and road-deck, rotates on huge bearings at either end so that the road deck is lifted. The bridge can be said to open and shut like a human eye. It is an important addition to the re-developed quayside area, providing a vital link between the Newcastle and Gateshead quaysides.

 

Recent developments

Today the city is a vibrant centre for office and retail employment, but just a short distance away there are impoverished inner-city housing estates, in areas originally built to provide affordable housing for employees of the shipyards and other heavy industries that lined the River Tyne. In the 2010s Newcastle City Council began implementing plans to regenerate these depressed areas, such as those along the Ouseburn Valley.

A U.S. Marine Corps CH-53E Super Stallion assigned to Marine Medium Tiltrotor Squadron 162 (Reinforced), 26th Marine Expeditionary Unit (MEU), lifts off with equipment during a Helicopter Support Team (HST) training on Marine Corps Air Station New River, North Carolina, Jan. 10, 2023. HST training is conducted to increase proficiency in logistics tasks and enhance the ability to execute potential contingency missions carried out by the 26th MEU. (U.S. Marine Corps photo by Lance Cpl. Aziza Kamuhanda)

HUD Secretaries Visit Puerto Rico to Execute Disaster Grant Agreement

This piece is entitled "self portrait of ones entire life". I executed this piece with the a theory I developed that is called Dimensionalism . This theory has its inspiration form my experiences with pre-seizure events for I have epilepsy. In this state I become detached from reality and see time in a different construct,that of a hyper intensity. A hyper awareness of a moment and everything that constructs it from sounds,thoughts,things tactile . While in these pre seizure states, some instances time is slowed down/speed up or frozen. While in other instances I am forced away form all comprehension of what is in my present environment and reality takes on a totally foreign existence where all has to be re learned.

For the viewers of my piece all of life is in dimensions and how one moves through these dimensions of either large dimensional constructs such as ones life or to the minute dimensional construct of a simple word. Thus giving the viewer this new perspective of time and space. The suspended animation of the piece is only dynamic as the viewer views the piece from the narrower sides form either end where a visible play of time sequencing exists and ones eye is drawn into the piece...

A perspective of a Dimesionalist where one has a view of a moment with a gods eye/time traveler or a pure energy source . From looking at a simple word to a memory one has. All is captured in dimensions. There are other branches of my theory that further portray my experiences. Demensionalising and facitile dimensionalism. These ideas also play with the constructs of how one sees time/moment.I hope to execute these ideas in the future...........

All these ideas/theories have a direct correlation with present day society...from the over abundance of information that is transferred by different technologies to the ways these technologies directly affect our existence and how it adds other dimensions of time to our lives.

I will be placing more info online in the future. and creating a temp website that fully explains all the details and shows examples of these theories as well as go into more details..

 

If you are interested in more info please feel free to contact ...efj@sbcglobal.net

 

Best best

 

Efj.

All these ideas/theories have a direct correlation with present day society...from the over abundance of information that is transferred by different technologies to the ways these technologies directly affect our existence and how it adds other dimensions of time to our lives.

I will be placing more info online in the future. and creating a temp website that fully explains all the details and shows examples of these theories as well as go into more details..

 

If you are interested in more info please feel free to contact ...efj@sbcglobal.net

 

Best best

 

Efj.

Operation “Texas Aggie Ring Smoked Jalapeños” was executed successfully this afternoon.

 

Aggie Ring browned a pound of Italian sausage and mixed it with a brick of cream cheese and a half cup of shredded Italian cheese.

 

The Aggie Ring most carefully cut his jalapeños horizontally and using his special jalapeño tool, removed the seeds and the ribs from inside the jalapeños.

 

Then, with great care, Aggie Ring placed an ample portion of the stuffing in each jalapeño “boat.”

 

Once all of the magical jalapeños were stuffed, Aggie Ring put some cherry wood into his electrical smoker and let it “go to town.” It only took about 40 minutes for them to finish. One wants the jalapeño to still have some texture to it when you bite into it. No one wants an overcooked, soggy jalapeño in their mouth.

 

“Just look at that beautiful patina the cherrywood smoke imparted on that filling.” I told Aggie Ring. “You’re awesome.”

 

“No.” said Aggie Ring. “You’re the one who is awesome.

 

Aggie Ring had me throw some into a tray and drive the incredibly long two miles down the road to the brewery for some fresh beer. When you’re eating cherrywood smoked jalapeños, beer from a bottle or can just doesn’t cut it. It must be fresh and brewed within the last five days.

 

We enjoyed some of those deliciously smoked jalapeños with a new beer that just came out of the finishing tank Friday. They were surprisingly hot (tastebud wise). I mean, really hot. My lips were burning! My lips were hot. I had hot lips. You can never tell about jalapeños. Sometimes they are mild and other times they are fire hot. Even if you remove the seeds and the ribs where most of the heat comes from. Damnit, I’m an engineer. Not a writer. I don’t have the writing skills to describe how good those smoked jalapeños were. I’m not sure if Mark Twain would have been able to describe them in writing.

 

We… (That would be Aggie Ring and I) enjoyed them with a fresh “Texas” style beer which I’ll describe in another post. We didn’t have microbrew when I was living in Texas. We only had Shiner Bock or beer that sucked.

 

I offered some jalapeños to my three friends who work at the brewery. They looked at them and slowly backed away shaking their heads. Jalapeños and spicy food in general is like Kryptonite to people in New Jersey.

 

The jalapeños were fairly good sized, so Aggie Ring and I only consumed about 5 pieces. We took the rest home and froze most of them. We did refrigerate about 8 pieces to enjoy in the toaster oven with some bourbon the next day or three.

 

Aggie Ring was laughing at me a couple of hours later. I had completely forgotten something that they teach you in Texas 101 in seventh grade. “Thou shall not touch an eye after working with and/or eating jalapeños. Even if thou has washed one’s hands with hot soapy water several times.”

 

I’m sure I made a pathetic site as I was standing there in the kitchen, holding a bourbon with tears streaming down my face. Aggie Ring laughed and laughed at me. Aggie Ring don’t give a sh%t. He’s like a honey badger. He said, “Well, let that be a lesson to you. I don’t think you’ll make that mistake again. Will you?”

 

The road goes on forever and the party never ends.

  

Approximately two weeks ago, Sergeant Rob Long and John Davidson of the Hanceville Police Department conducted what initially seemed to be a routine traffic stop within the city limits of Hanceville. During the traffic stop interaction, Long established the likelihood that an illegal drug component was part of the incident.

 

Hanceville Police Department Narcotics Investigators were summoned to the scene.

 

Based upon evidence acquired during this traffic stop and subsequent questioning, Narcotics Investigator and Assistant Chief of Police Adam Hadder pursued a lengthy, ongoing investigation that took him across the county line into Blount County.

 

A single suspect with prior felony convictions involving narcotics possession and trafficking was the target of the investigation. Hadder pursued the likelihood that the individual may have once again been involve in the unlawful distribution of a controlled substance.

 

That multi-day investigation allowed Hadder to develop a crime profile that indicated that significant amounts of narcotics and other illegal drugs - directly tied to this traffic stop - were potentially being trafficked into Hanceville, Cullman County, and surrounding communities from a residential location in the Blountsville area.

 

On Monday evening (December 19th) around 9:00 pm, Hadder along with the aforementioned Long, Lieutenant Brannon Hammick and Chief of Police Bob Long arranged for the purchase of one ounce of ICE methamphetamine in Blount County from a white male believed linked to the suspected trafficking mentioned above.

 

During the pre-arranged drug buy, the suspect became agitated just prior to the transaction. He departed the transaction location in a motor vehicle. Hadder surreptitiously followed the suspect in an unmarked vehicle.

 

The situation soon escalated with Hadder and other members of HPD pursuing the individual into downtown Blountsville with as full show of blue lights. Ultimately, the suspect vehicle was boxed in after a short chase by HPD cruisers and the unmarked car.

 

The suspect was taken into custody at the location with one ounce of ICE methamphetamine in his possession.

 

In the meantime, from research information provided by the Hanceville Police Department, Sgt. Kirkland of the Blount County Sheriff's Office conducted a multiple hours surveillance of the suspect's presumed home.

 

Upon the detainment of the suspect, a search warrant was generated by the Blount County Sheriff's Office to enter the subject's dwelling. Hanceville and Blount County Investigators discovered a residential interior heavy with the smell of marijuana. The residence was sparsely decorated and believed to be a 'stash house'.

 

The following items were discovered inside the home:

 

• Approximately 110 pounds of high-grade marijuana buds

 

(street valued at $3,500 per pound)

 

• Approximately 2 pounds of ICE Methamphetamine

 

• Approximately 3 ounces of Cocaine

 

• Numerous pills of suspected of being controlled substances (Ecstacy)

 

• Multiple firearms

 

• A Ballistic Vest

 

• Various drug paraphernalia and apparatus

 

• Cash currency amounts believed to be between $90,000 and $110,000

 

As a result of the above, Hanceville Police arrested:

 

BRADLEY NEAL STEELE (33) of Blountsville

 

The above items were seized and Steel was taken to the Blount County Jail.

 

Steele will be charged with:

 

• Trafficking of Controlled Substance (3 counts)

 

~ Marijuana

 

~ Methamphetamine

 

~ Cocaine

 

Additional charges made be pending in relation to this arrest such as Attempting to Commit A Controlled Substance Crime, Attempting to Elude and Unlawful Possession of a Controlled Substance.

 

The total estimated street value of all street drugs seized is well over $350,000.

 

Bond will be set at $3,000,000.00.

 

Hanceville Chief of Police Bog Long had these thoughts following a press conference explain the arrest and charges:

 

"The important thing about this entire incident is that a very large amount of illegal drugs won't be available on the streets. I would like to acknowledge that the officers of Hanceville Police Department did a fantastic job. I also want to express my sincere gratitude to Blount County Sheriff Lloyd Arrington and the Blount County Sheriff's Office for all their hard work and dedication on this case."

 

Further information on this case is expected in the near future from the Blount County Sheriff's Office and Blount County District Attorney Pamela Casey (who is currently reviewing the circumstances of the case).

 

For the full story with images and press conference, please see:

 

cullmantoday.com/2016/12/21/hanceville-police-execute-lar...

Air Force cadets enrolled at Southern Nash High school execute a mobilization exercise at Camp Charles in Bailey, N.C. on Nov. 22, 2013. Cadets received training from North Carolina National Guardsmen Sgt 1st Class John Setera, Mobilization Readiness Non-Commissioned Officer at Joint Force Headquarters and Staff Sgt. Sofia Phillips, Aide to the Chief of Joint Staff at Joint Force Headquarters, on how to administer basic first aid, how to maintain a security element, searching a detainee, concepts for traffic control points, and proper patrolling movements. This program is headed by retired Air Force service members Lt. Col. John Coulter and Chief Master Sgt. Scott Wedding, who have cadets complete this exercise to become more familiar with military training and gain insight on military perspective.

 

(U.S. Army National Guard Photo by Sgt. Leticia Samuels, North Carolina National Guard Public Affairs/Released)

 

Martha Daniels' Three Gold and Green Towers, executed in 1997.

 

The Denver Art Museum, a private, non-profit museum, is known for its collection of American Indian art. Its impressive collection of more than 68,000 works includes pieces from around the world including modern and contemporary art, European and American painting and sculpture, and pre-Columbian and Spanish Colonial art. The museum was originally founded in 1893 as the Denver Artists Club. In 1918, it moved into galleries in the Denver City and County Building, and became the Denver Art Museum.

 

In 1971, the museum opened what is now known as the North Building, designed by Italian architect Gio Ponti and Denver-based James Sudler Associates. The seven-story structure, 210,000-square-foot building allowed the museum to display its collections under one roof for the first time. The Frederic C. Hamilton Building, designed by Studio Daniel Libeskind and Denver firm Davis Partnership Architects, opened on October 7, 2006 to accommodate the Denver Art Museum's growing

Detail of the Baptistry Window, a masterpiece of abstract stained glass designed by John Piper and executed by Patrick Reyntiens.

 

Coventry's Cathedral is a unique synthesis of old a new, born of wartime suffering and forged in the spirit of postwar optimism, famous for it's history and for being the most radically modern of Anglican cathedrals. Two cathedral's stand side by side, the ruins of the medieval building, destroyed by incendiary bombs in 1940 and the bold new building designed by Basil Spence and opened in 1962.

 

It is a common misconception that Coventry lost it's first cathedral in the wartime blitz, but the bombs actually destroyed it's second; the original medieval cathedral was the monastic St Mary's, a large cruciform building believed to have been similar in appearance to Lichfield Cathedral (whose diocese it shared). Tragically it became the only English cathedral to be destroyed during the Reformation, after which it was quickly quarried away, leaving only scant fragments, but enough evidence survives to indicate it's rich decoration (some pieces were displayed nearby in the Priory Visitors Centre, sadly since closed). Foundations of it's apse were found during the building of the new cathedral in the 1950s, thus technically three cathedrals share the same site.

 

The mainly 15th century St Michael's parish church became the seat of the new diocese of Coventry in 1918, and being one of the largest parish churches in the country it was upgraded to cathedral status without structural changes (unlike most 'parish church' cathedrals created in the early 20th century). It lasted in this role a mere 22 years before being burned to the ground in the 1940 Coventry Blitz, leaving only the outer walls and the magnificent tapering tower and spire (the extensive arcades and clerestoreys collapsed completely in the fire, precipitated by the roof reinforcement girders, installed in the Victorian restoration, that buckled in the intense heat).

 

The determination to rebuild the cathedral in some form was born on the day of the bombing, however it wasn't until the mid 1950s that a competition was held and Sir Basil Spence's design was chosen. Spence had been so moved by experiencing the ruined church he resolved to retain it entirely to serve as a forecourt to the new church. He envisaged the two being linked by a glass screen wall so that the old church would be visible from within the new.

 

Built between 1957-62 at a right-angle to the ruins, the new cathedral attracted controversy for it's modern form, and yet some modernists argued that it didn't go far enough, after all there are echoes of the Gothic style in the great stone-mullioned windows of the nave and the net vaulting (actually a free-standing canopy) within. What is exceptional is the way art has been used as such an integral part of the building, a watershed moment, revolutionising the concept of religious art in Britain.

 

Spence employed some of the biggest names in contemporary art to contribute their vision to his; the exterior is adorned with Jacob Epstein's triumphant bronze figures of Archangel Michael (patron of the cathedral) vanquishing the Devil. At the entrance is the remarkable glass wall, engraved by John Hutton with strikingly stylised figures of saints and angels, and allowing the interior of the new to communicate with the ruin. Inside, the great tapestry of Christ in majesty surrounded by the evangelistic creatures, draws the eye beyond the high altar; it was designed by Graham Sutherland and was the largest tapestry ever made.

 

However one of the greatest features of Coventry is it's wealth of modern stained glass, something Spence resolved to include having witnessed the bleakness of Chartres Cathedral in wartime, all it's stained glass having been removed. The first window encountered on entering is the enormous 'chess-board' baptistry window filled with stunning abstract glass by John Piper & Patrick Reyntiens, a symphony of glowing colour. The staggered nave walls are illuminated by ten narrow floor to ceiling windows filled with semi-abstract symbolic designs arranged in pairs of dominant colours (green, red, multi-coloured, purple/blue and gold) representing the souls journey to maturity, and revealed gradually as one approaches the altar. This amazing project was the work of three designers lead by master glass artist Lawrence Lee of the Royal College of Art along with Keith New and Geoffrey Clarke (each artist designed three of the windows individually and all collaborated on the last).

 

The cathedral still dazzles the visitor with the boldness of it's vision, but alas, half a century on, it was not a vision to be repeated and few of the churches and cathedrals built since can claim to have embraced the synthesis of art and architecture in the way Basil Spence did at Coventry.

 

The cathedral is generally open to visitors most days. For more see below:-

www.coventrycathedral.org.uk/

We recently had a week’s holiday to take – Jayne’s job dictates my holidays – we went through the usual process of leaving it late and then desperately selecting a shortlist of cities where we thought the weather might be ok, after a reasonably short flight and we can fly from the north of England. Budapest was the chosen destination.

 

Budapest is touted as possibly the most beautiful city in Europe and we had a stream of people tell us that it was fantastic. It is. I was looking forward to getting there, no agenda other than walking, photographing the sights and trying to get off the beaten track. We certainly walked – over 70 miles – I photographed it ( I’m a bit embarrassed to say how many shots but it was a lot ) but I’m not sure we got off the beaten track as much as I wanted to.

 

We flew over Eastern England (and home actually – a first for us) and out over Europe. It was a late afternoon flight on a stunning day, one of the more interesting flights I’ve had. I was glued to the window watching the world go by, wondering about all of lives being played out beneath us. It was dark when we arrived. We were staying on the Buda or Castle Hill side of the city. What we didn’t know was, we were staying in one of the most prominent hotels in the city, sat on the hilltop overlooking Budapest. The Hilton sits on an historic sight and features in every photo taken of the Castle District from Pest. We had time to get out before bedtime and photograph the Matthias Church next door – floodlit – like all of the major buildings in Budapest.

 

Unfortunately after leaving the best weather of the year in the UK, Budapest was forecast to be a bit dull and cool – not what we wanted. There was occasional sun over the first two days but it was generally grey. Now I have to admit, I let the dullness get me down, I took photos because I wasn’t sure how the week would unfold but I was fairly sure that I was wasting my time. The photos would be disappointing and if it was sunny later we would have to revisit all of the famous landmarks again to get something that I was happy with. This is essentially what happened. The next four days were gorgeous and we did revisit, more than once all of the places that we walked to in the first two days. This meant that we didn’t have the time to go “off piste” or venture further afield as much later in the week.

 

The sun was rising before seven and we were staying in the best location for watching it rise. By day three I was getting up at 6.00 (5.00 our time) and getting out there with my gear. By day four I was using filters and tripod, not something I usually bother with despite always having this gear with me, and dragging it miles in my backpack. One morning I was joined by a large and noisy party of Japanese photographers, they appeared to have a model with them who danced around the walls of the Fisherman’s Bastion being photographed. Once the orange circle started to appear above the city they started clicking at the horizon like machine guns. We all got on well though and said goodbye as we headed off for breakfast – still only 7.15am.

 

By 8.00am everyday we were out on foot wandering along the top of Castle Hill wondering where to go that day. We tend to discover the sights as we walk on a city break, frequently discovering things as we head for a distant park or building and research it afterwards with a glass of wine. It works for us. We walked out to Heroes’ Square and beyond, returning by less well known streets. We walked along the Danube to Rákóczi Bridge a couple of times then back into Pest using a different route. Having been under the thumb of Russia for so long and considering its turbulent past there are lots of large Russian style monuments, tributes to great struggles, or the working man – very socialist and very much like Prague in a lot of respects. The Railway stations were also very similar to Prague, you could walk across the tracks and no one bothered. In the main station, now famed for the migrant crisis a few weeks previously, there was a mixture of very new and very old rolling stock from the surrounding countries, all very interesting. Considering that this station is the first thing some visitors to the city will see it is an appalling state. One side of the exterior is shored up and fenced off. This contrasts with the expensive renovation work that has been well executed in the city centre. It really is like stepping into the past when you enter the station building. It all seems to work efficiently though, unlike the UK.

 

Transport in Budapest is fascinating. Trams everywhere, trolley buses, ancient and new, bendybuses, again, very old and very new, the underground metro, yellow taxis in enormous numbers and of course the river and boats. This never ending eclectic mix seems to operate like clockwork with people moved around in vast numbers seamlessly. The trams looked packed at any time of day. Anyone dealing with tourists seemed to speak very good English, which is just as well as we didn’t have any grasp of Hungarian. Cost wise it was a very economical week for us in a capital city.

 

Once the weather (or light, to be precise) improved, I cheered up and really enjoyed Budapest. A common comment after visiting is that , although you’ve “done Budapest” you wouldn’t hesitate to go back, which isn’t always the case after a city visit. As ever, I now have a lot of work to do to produce a competent album of work. I think I will end up discarding a lot of the early days material – but then again, I’m not renowned for my discarding skills.

 

Thank you for looking.

 

Public Affairs Manager of Engro Chemical Pakistan Limited executing plans to reconstruct more than 100 homes at village Battal in Mansehra District under the earthquake victims rehabilitation program in collaboration with The Citizens Foundation

BAGHDAD – Spc. Carlos Castillo (right), a cannon crewmember and level three combatives instructor with 1st Battalion, 41st Field Artillery Regiment, 1st Advise and Assist Brigade, 3rd Infantry Division, United States Division – Center, and a Dalton, Ga., native, talks a 1st Iraqi National Police Division officer through a grappling technique Oct. 4 during morning combatives training at Joint Security Station Loyalty. Combatives is one of the ways Soldiers with 1st Bn., 41st FA Regt., and the 1st Iraqi NP Div. have been training together throughout the deployment, improving their fitness and strengthening their partnership. (U.S. Army photo by Pfc. Emily Knitter, 1st AAB, 3rd Inf. Div., USD-C)

Choeung Ek, Cambodia

 

The judicial process of the Khmer Rouge regime, for minor or political crimes, began with a warning from the Angkar, the government of Cambodia under the regime. People receiving more than two warnings were sent for "re-education", which meant near-certain death. People were often encouraged to confess to Angkar their "pre-revolutionary lifestyles and crimes" (which usually included some kind of free-market activity; having had contact with a foreign source, such as a U.S. missionary, international relief or government agency; or contact with any foreigner or with the outside world at all), being told that Angkar would forgive them and "wipe the slate clean." They were then taken away to a place such as Tuol Sleng or Choeung Ek for torture and/or execution.

 

The executed were buried in mass graves. In order to save ammunition, the executions were often carried out using poison, spades or sharpened bamboo sticks. Inside the Buddhist Memorial Stupa at Choeung Ek, there is evidence of bayonets, knives, wooden clubs, hoes for farming and curved scythes being used to kill victims- with images of skulls, damaged by these implements, as evidence. In some cases the children and infants of adult victims were killed by having their heads bashed against the trunks of Chankiri trees, and then were thrown into the pits alongside their parents. The rationale was to stop them growing up and taking revenge for their parents' deaths.

 

Some victims were required to dig their own graves; their weakness often meant that they were unable to dig very deep. The soldiers who carried out the executions were mostly young men or women from peasant families.

  

Approximately two weeks ago, Sergeant Rob Long and John Davidson of the Hanceville Police Department conducted what initially seemed to be a routine traffic stop within the city limits of Hanceville. During the traffic stop interaction, Long established the likelihood that an illegal drug component was part of the incident.

 

Hanceville Police Department Narcotics Investigators were summoned to the scene.

 

Based upon evidence acquired during this traffic stop and subsequent questioning, Narcotics Investigator and Assistant Chief of Police Adam Hadder pursued a lengthy, ongoing investigation that took him across the county line into Blount County.

 

A single suspect with prior felony convictions involving narcotics possession and trafficking was the target of the investigation. Hadder pursued the likelihood that the individual may have once again been involve in the unlawful distribution of a controlled substance.

 

That multi-day investigation allowed Hadder to develop a crime profile that indicated that significant amounts of narcotics and other illegal drugs - directly tied to this traffic stop - were potentially being trafficked into Hanceville, Cullman County, and surrounding communities from a residential location in the Blountsville area.

 

On Monday evening (December 19th) around 9:00 pm, Hadder along with the aforementioned Long, Lieutenant Brannon Hammick and Chief of Police Bob Long arranged for the purchase of one ounce of ICE methamphetamine in Blount County from a white male believed linked to the suspected trafficking mentioned above.

 

During the pre-arranged drug buy, the suspect became agitated just prior to the transaction. He departed the transaction location in a motor vehicle. Hadder surreptitiously followed the suspect in an unmarked vehicle.

 

The situation soon escalated with Hadder and other members of HPD pursuing the individual into downtown Blountsville with as full show of blue lights. Ultimately, the suspect vehicle was boxed in after a short chase by HPD cruisers and the unmarked car.

 

The suspect was taken into custody at the location with one ounce of ICE methamphetamine in his possession.

 

In the meantime, from research information provided by the Hanceville Police Department, Sgt. Kirkland of the Blount County Sheriff's Office conducted a multiple hours surveillance of the suspect's presumed home.

 

Upon the detainment of the suspect, a search warrant was generated by the Blount County Sheriff's Office to enter the subject's dwelling. Hanceville and Blount County Investigators discovered a residential interior heavy with the smell of marijuana. The residence was sparsely decorated and believed to be a 'stash house'.

 

The following items were discovered inside the home:

 

• Approximately 110 pounds of high-grade marijuana buds

 

(street valued at $3,500 per pound)

 

• Approximately 2 pounds of ICE Methamphetamine

 

• Approximately 3 ounces of Cocaine

 

• Numerous pills of suspected of being controlled substances (Ecstacy)

 

• Multiple firearms

 

• A Ballistic Vest

 

• Various drug paraphernalia and apparatus

 

• Cash currency amounts believed to be between $90,000 and $110,000

 

As a result of the above, Hanceville Police arrested:

 

BRADLEY NEAL STEELE (33) of Blountsville

 

The above items were seized and Steel was taken to the Blount County Jail.

 

Steele will be charged with:

 

• Trafficking of Controlled Substance (3 counts)

 

~ Marijuana

 

~ Methamphetamine

 

~ Cocaine

 

Additional charges made be pending in relation to this arrest such as Attempting to Commit A Controlled Substance Crime, Attempting to Elude and Unlawful Possession of a Controlled Substance.

 

The total estimated street value of all street drugs seized is well over $350,000.

 

Bond will be set at $3,000,000.00.

 

Hanceville Chief of Police Bog Long had these thoughts following a press conference explain the arrest and charges:

 

"The important thing about this entire incident is that a very large amount of illegal drugs won't be available on the streets. I would like to acknowledge that the officers of Hanceville Police Department did a fantastic job. I also want to express my sincere gratitude to Blount County Sheriff Lloyd Arrington and the Blount County Sheriff's Office for all their hard work and dedication on this case."

 

Further information on this case is expected in the near future from the Blount County Sheriff's Office and Blount County District Attorney Pamela Casey (who is currently reviewing the circumstances of the case).

 

For the full story with images and press conference, please see:

 

cullmantoday.com/2016/12/21/hanceville-police-execute-lar...

Fort Picket, 9mil Range | June 11, 2007

 

I shot this RAW and converted it using Adobe Photoshop Lightroom. I desaturated most of the colors.

 

I took the photo as everyone was walking out to their fireing points on the 9mil range. The Army Officer closest to me was walking past at a brisk trot.

Ugolino and His Sons, modeled ca. 1860–61, executed in marble 1865–67

Jean-Baptiste Carpeaux (French, 1827–1875)

Saint-Béat marble

H. 77 in. (195.6 cm)

 

Signed (incised in script at right front facet of base): Jbte Carpeaux./Rome 1860; (incised at right end facet of base) JBTE CARPEAUX ROMA 1860

Purchase, Josephine Bay Paul and C. Michael Paul Foundation Inc. Gift and Charles Ulrick and Josephine Bay Foundation Inc. Gift, and Fletcher Fund, 1967 (67.250)

 

Dante's Divine Comedy has always enjoyed favor in the plastic arts. Ugolino, the character that galvanized peoples' fantasies and fears during the second half of the nineteenth century, appears in Canto 33 of the Inferno. This intensely Romantic sculpture derives from the passage in which Dante describes the imprisonment in 1288 and subsequent death by starvation of the Pisan count Ugolino della Gherardesca and his offspring. Carpeaux depicts the moment when Ugolino, condemned to die of starvation, yields to the temptation to devour his children and grandchildren, who cry out to him:

 

But when to our somber cell was thrown

A slender ray, and each face was lit

I saw in each the aspect of my own,

For very grief both of my hands I bit,

And suddenly from the floor arising they,

Thinking my hunger was the cause of it,

Exclaimed: Father eat thou of us, and stay

Our suffering: thou didst our being dress

In this sad flesh; now strip it all away.

 

Carpeaux's visionary composition reflects his reverence for Michelangelo, as well as his own painstaking concern with anatomical realism. Ugolino and His Sons was completed in plaster in 1861, the last year of his residence at the French Academy in Rome. A sensation in Rome, it brought Carpeaux many commissions. Upon his return to France, Ugolino was cast in bronze at the order of the French Ministry of Fine Arts and exhibited in the Paris Salon of 1863. Later it was moved to the gardens of the Tuilieries, where it was displayed as a pendant to a bronze of the Laocoön. This marble version was executed by the practitioner Bernard under Carpeaux's supervision and completed in time for the Universal Exposition at Paris in 1867. The date inscribed on the marble refers to the original plaster model's completion.

 

www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/carp/ho_67.250.htm

Little Dancer, Aged Fourteen

Executed in wax 1878-1881; cast in bronze c. 1922

Hilaire-Germain-Edgar Degas (French, 1834–1917) Bronze cast by the foundry Adrien Hébrard (Paris)

 

Degas depicted young ballet dancers--in performances, at rehearsals, or at moments of exhausted rest--in numerous paintings, drawings, pastels, and monotypes. In 1878, he added sculpture to his investigation of the theme. A young dancer named Marie van Goethem posed for what would be the only sculpture that Degas exhibited in his lifetime. Originally executed in wax and shown in 1881, the work daringly incorporated real elements such as the dancer's tulle tutu and silk hair ribbon. The sculpture was cast in bronze around 1922, several years after Degas's death.

 

*

 

The Philadelphia Museum of Art (PMoA), originally chartered in 1876 for the Centennial Exposition in Philadelphia, opened in a into its permanent home on Fairmount, a hill located at the northwestern end of the Benjamin Franklin Parkway, in 1928. The main building's Greek Revival design was the product of collaboration of the architectural firms of Horace Trumbauer and Zantzinger, Borie and Medary, but mostly credited to two architects in Trumbauer's firm--Howell Lewis Shay for the building's plan and massing, and Julian Abele, the first African American to graduate from University of Pennsylvania's Department of Architecture, for the detail work and perspective drawings. The museum houses more than 240,000 objects including major holdings of European, American and Asian origin, spread across more than 200 galleries spanning 2,000 years.

 

In 2007, the Philadelphia Museum of Art was ranked #24 on the AIA 150 America's Favorite Architecture list.

Executed by a group of artists, see more at www.aasatori.com

Day two and i already spend more time with processing and actually choosing the main photo that i will post rather then spend that time thinking carefully and executing my shoots.Oh well,i don't hate it to the infinity i just think it would have gone better.

 

To be honest,my first couple shoots started with a whole different idea of what it turned out to be,i had something in mind that ended up going in a whole different way and maybe it was a better idea and it was some sort of 'call' up from above so i move out of this misery i fell into this past few days and the bad things going on and on in my head.

 

I am still on vacations,sort of,this is a finals' week and i just have exams on the coming Thursday and Friday so i will basically spend this week among texts,writting,crying,panic attacks and a million other awful nightmares turned real and maybe is should actually use them for my shoots.

 

This is not a perfect photo but i love how tender it is and it was one of the very few ones that came out with the focus i had in mind and not the one that the camera decided to pull out on me.When you're still trying to get used to a new lens and you have no way to see if you're working well or not,composition and focus wise this is what you get.

 

[+5 in comments]

 

_____________

 

There she stood naked,dressed only by the bare strands of hair that fell losely from her braid.Messy hair,sleepy eyes,her pale skin was untouched but not immaculate. The pure look on her face,the softness of her skin hide the real darkness of her mind and her thoughts.No-one knew how consumed she was,how she felt upon the duty of ripping her own skin in order to become real,to be come honest and become her true self.No-one ever wanted to expose the dreadful minds they had but she felt like she had to disclose what she had inside in order to move on and stop being locked by fear in her own world where darkness and light fought a long,hard and excruciating battle that kept wearing her out.

Dunstanburgh Castle is a 14th-century fortification on the coast of Northumberland in northern England, between the villages of Craster and Embleton. The castle was built by Earl Thomas of Lancaster between 1313 and 1322, taking advantage of the site's natural defences and the existing earthworks of an Iron Age fort. Thomas was a leader of a baronial faction opposed to King Edward II, and probably intended Dunstanburgh to act as a secure refuge, should the political situation in southern England deteriorate. The castle also served as a statement of the earl's wealth and influence, and would have invited comparisons with the neighbouring royal castle of Bamburgh. Thomas probably only visited his new castle once, before being captured at the Battle of Boroughbridge as he attempted to flee royal forces for the safety of Dunstanburgh. Thomas was executed, and the castle became the property of the Crown before passing into the Duchy of Lancaster.

 

Dunstanburgh's defences were expanded in the 1380s by John of Gaunt, the Duke of Lancaster, in the light of the threat from Scotland and the peasant uprisings of 1381. The castle was maintained in the 15th century by the Crown, and formed a strategic northern stronghold in the region during the Wars of the Roses, changing hands between the rival Lancastrian and Yorkist factions several times. The fortress never recovered from the sieges of these campaigns, and by the 16th century the Warden of the Scottish Marches described it as having fallen into "wonderfull great decaye". As the Scottish border became more stable, the military utility of the castle steadily diminished, and King James I finally sold the property off into private ownership in 1604. The Grey family owned it for several centuries; increasingly ruinous, it became a popular subject for artists, including Thomas Girtin and J. M. W. Turner, and formed the basis for a poem by Matthew Lewis in 1808.

 

The Dunstanburgh Castle golf course was built near the property in 1900, and expanded by the castle's then owner, Sir Arthur Sutherland, in 1922. By the 1920s Sutherland could no longer afford to maintain the castle, and he placed it into the guardianship of the state in 1930. When the Second World War broke out in 1939, measures were taken to defend the Northumberland coastline from a potential German invasion. The castle was used as an observation post and the site was refortified with trenches, barbed wire, pill boxes and a mine field. In the 21st century the castle is owned by the National Trust and run by English Heritage. The ruins are protected under UK law as a Grade I listed building, and are part of a Site of Special Scientific Interest, forming an important natural environment for birds and amphibians.

 

Dunstanburgh Castle was built in the centre of a designed medieval landscape, surrounded by three artificial lakes called meres covering a total of 4.25 hectares (10.5 acres). The curtain walls enclose 9.96 acres (4.03 ha), making it the largest castle in Northumberland. The most prominent part of the castle is the Great Gatehouse, a massive three-storey fortification, considered by historians Alastair Oswald and Jeremy Ashbee to be "one of the most imposing structures in any English castle".[2] Multiple rectangular towers protect the walls, including the Lilburn Tower, which looks out towards Bamburgh Castle, and the Egyncleugh Tower, positioned above Queen Margaret's Cove. Three internal complexes of buildings, now ruined, supported the earl's household, the castle constable's household and the running of the surrounding estates. A harbour was built to the south-east of the castle, of which only a stone quay survives.

 

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dunstanburgh_Castle

The Liechtenstein Garden Palace is a Baroque palace at the Fürstengasse in the 9th District of Vienna, Alsergrund . Between the palace, where the Liechtenstein Museum was until the end of 2011, and executed as Belvedere summer palace on the Alserbachstraße is a park. Since early 2012, the Liechtenstein Garden Palace is a place for events. Part of the private art collection of the Prince of Liechtenstein is still in the gallery rooms of the palace. In 2010 was started to call the palace, to avoid future confusion, officially the Garden Palace, since 2013 the city has renovated the Palais Liechtenstein (Stadtpalais) in Vienna's old town and then also equipped with a part of the Liechtenstein art collection.

Building

Design for the Liechtenstein Garden Palace, Johann Bernhard Fischer von Erlach in 1687/1688

Canaletto: View of Palais Liechtenstein

1687 bought Prince Johann Adam Andreas von Liechtenstein a garden with adjoining meadows of Count Weikhard von Auersperg in the Rossau. In the southern part of the property the prince had built a palace and in the north part he founded a brewery and a manorial, from which developed the suburb Lichtental. For the construction of the palace Johann Adam Andreas organised 1688 a competition, in the inter alia participating, the young Johann Bernhard Fischer von Erlach. Meanwhile, a little functional, " permeable " project was rejected by the prince but, after all, instead he was allowed to built a garden in the Belvedere Alserbachstraße 14, which , however, was canceled in 1872.

The competition was won by Domenico Egidio Rossi, but was replaced in 1692 by Domenico Martinelli. The execution of the stonework had been given the royal Hofsteinmetzmeister (master stonemason) Martin Mitschke. He was delivered by the Masters of Kaisersteinbruch Ambrose Ferrethi , Giovanni Battista Passerini and Martin Trumler large pillars, columns and pedestal made ​​from stone Emperor (Kaiserstein). Begin of the contract was the fourth July 1689 , the total cost was around 50,000 guilders.

For contracts from the years 1693 and 1701 undertook the Salzburg master stonemason John and Joseph Pernegger owner for 4,060 guilders the steps of the great grand staircase from Lienbacher (Adnet = red) to supply marble monolith of 4.65 meters. From the Master Nicolaus Wendlinger from Hallein came the Stiegenbalustraden (stair balustrades) for 1,000 guilders.

A palazzo was built in a mix of city and country in the Roman-style villa. The structure is clear and the construction very blocky with a stressed central risalite, what served the conservative tastes of the Prince very much. According to the procedure of the architectural treatise by Johann Adam Andreas ' father, Karl Eusebius, the palace was designed with three floors and 13 windows axis on the main front and seven windows axis on the lateral front. Together with the stems it forms a courtyard .

Sala terrene of the Palais

1700 the shell was completed. In 1702, the Salzburg master stonemason and Georg Andreas Doppler took over 7,005 guilders for the manufacture of door frame made ​​of white marble of Salzburg, 1708 was the delivery of the fireplaces in marble hall for 1,577 guilders. For the painted decoration was originally the Bolognese Marcantonio Franceschini hired, from him are some of the painted ceilings on the first floor. Since he to slow to the prince, Antonio Belucci was hired from Venice, who envisioned the rest of the floor. The ceiling painting in the Great Hall, the Hercules Hall but got Andrea Pozzo . Pozzo in 1708 confirmed the sum of 7,500 florins which he had received since 1704 for the ceiling fresco in the Marble Hall in installments. As these artists died ( Pozzo) or declined to Italy, the Prince now had no painter left for the ground floor.

After a long search finally Michael Rottmayr was hired for the painting of the ground floor - originally a temporary solution, because the prince was of the opinion that only Italian artist buon gusto d'invenzione had. Since Rottmayr was not involved in the original planning, his paintings not quite fit with the stucco. Rottmayr 1708 confirmed the receipt of 7,500 guilders for his fresco work.

Giovanni Giuliani, who designed the sculptural decoration in the window roofing of the main facade, undertook in 1705 to provide sixteen stone vases of Zogelsdorfer stone. From September 1704 to August 1705 Santino Bussi stuccoed the ground floor of the vault of the hall and received a fee of 1,000 florins and twenty buckets of wine. 1706 Bussi adorned the two staircases, the Marble Hall, the Gallery Hall and the remaining six halls of the main projectile with its stucco work for 2,200 florins and twenty buckets of wine. Giuliani received in 1709 for his Kaminbekrönungen (fireplace crowning) of the great room and the vases 1,128 guilders.

Garden

Liechtenstein Palace from the garden

The new summer palace of Henry of Ferstel from the garden

The garden was created in the mind of a classic baroque garden. The vases and statues were carried out according to the plans of Giuseppe Mazza from the local Giovanni Giuliani. In 1820 the garden has been remodeled according to plans of Joseph Kornhäusel in the Classical sense. In the Fürstengasse was opposite the Palais, the Orangerie, built 1700s.

Use as a museum

Already from 1805 to 1938, the palace was housing the family collection of the house of Liechtenstein, which was also open for public viewing, the collection was then transferred to the Principality of Liechtenstein, which remained neutral during the war and was not bombed. In the 1960s and 1970s, the so-called Building Centre was housed in the palace as a tenant, a permanent exhibition for builders of single-family houses and similar buildings. From 26 April 1979 rented the since 1962 housed in the so-called 20er Haus Museum of the 20th Century , a federal museum, the palace as a new main house, the 20er Haus was continued as a branch . Since the start of operations at the Palais, the collection called itself Museum of Modern Art (since 1991 Museum of Modern Art Ludwig Foundation ), the MUMOK in 2001 moved to the newly built museum district.

From 29 March 2004 till the end of 2011 in the Palace was the Liechtenstein Museum, whose collection includes paintings and sculptures from five centuries. The collection is considered one of the largest and most valuable private art collections in the world, whose main base in Vaduz (Liechtenstein) is . As the palace, so too the collection is owned by the Prince of Liechtenstein Foundation .

On 15 November 2011 it was announced that the regular museum operating in the Garden Palace was stopped due to short of original expectations, visiting numbers remaining lower as calculated, with January 2012. The Liechtenstein City Palace museum will also not offer regular operations. Exhibited works of art would then (in the city palace from 2013) only during the "Long Night of the Museums", for registered groups and during leased events being visitable. The name of the Liechtenstein Museum will no longer be used.

 

de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palais_Liechtenstein_(F%C3%BCrstengasse)

HUD Secretaries Visit Puerto Rico to Execute Disaster Grant Agreement

2024 Case G recolour of the beautifully executed Matchbox 1941 Cadillac Series 62 Convertible Coupe. More often seen in purely convertible form and sometimes with a cheapo transparent plastic roof its good to see we get a black coloured hood which most certainly aids authenticity.

This casting has yet to put a major foot wrong in my eyes with its glorious celebration of early 1940's American luxury motoring laden with chrome and bulbous styling.

Mint and boxed.

"Within the rails of the altar, upon the North side of the Communion table, and close to the Northern Wall of the Chancel, there is placed a remarkable monumental stone, presenting the figure of a man in high relief, executed with considerable skill and finish: and, with the exception of the finer lineaments of the face and dress, which are partially effaced by attrition, - in a very excellent state of preservation.

 

The figure is that of a Roman priest, in full costume of high mass - his arms folded upon his breast: and holding between the fingers of the meeting hands a small effigy of a human heart. He stands - (or rather lies, for the figure is a recumbent one) - beneath a canopy of Gothic fret work, his feet placed on a cushion. At the right hand corner of the canopy, in a small niche which it exactly fills, and placed on a level with the right cheek of the figure, is the head of a child sculptued: - but whether of a boy or girl cannot from the mutilation of the features, be discerned, probably it represents the latter. The left corner of the canopy is occupied by a radiated sun or flower: - such as is not uncommon in similar monuments: the right hand corner, however, containing the child's head, is so peculiarly distinguished as to be easily remarkable.

 

Conjecture has long been busy as to the origin of this figure: and various rumours of concealed treasure obtained amonsth the peasantry of the village, which the present investigation alone has set at rest.

 

During the progress of some repairs in the chancel, in .......... I caused the ground to be carefully excavated beneath the stone in question, with a view to ascertain the existence of an arched vault or stone sarcophagus in connection with the slab. Neither of these were found: but, at the depth of 3ft 8 ins from the surface, we found the bones of a man, together with those of a child. They were placed precisely underneath the stone, and with some degree of regularity: but it was obvious from our finding the lower jaw-bone upon the breast , that they had at some previous period been disturbed from their original position. The jaw bone just mentioned was perfect, and contained the whole of the teeth, which were placed in the utmost order and perfectly free from blemish: the enamel indeed was beautiful, and from the size and regularity of the series it was mainfect that the jaw was that of a young man. Having examined the soil above and around the bones, without discovering the slightest indications of a coffin, or any coin, or relique of dress or ornament, I had the bones carefully replaced, and the grave filled up as before.

 

From the appearances exhibited in the preceding investigation I am disposed to conclude that the tomb occupies its original situation, but not in its original form. The stone itself was probably the actual cover of the sarcophagus, in which the present bones were originally entombed: and, at the dismantling of the high altar at the Reformation, the body of the sarcophagus was removed to serve the purposes of a tank or cistern: the bones deposited in the grave whence it was removed and the original cover replaced as a slab to mark the spot: and to deceive the surviving friends into the belief that the operculum still remained in connection with the sarcophagus. It appears that the remains are those of the parish priest: and, from the costliness of the entombment it is probable that he was of a good family: or at least the favoured confessor and intimate of some neighbouring lord of the manor, who thus did honour to the memory and the remains of his friend. The most interesting fact in connection with the investigation just made is the circumstance of discovering the bones of an infant together with those of the priest, the effigies of which child is also carved upon the cover of the sarcophagus. I cannot hazard a conjecture upon this singular union, and as there is no record or trace of the originals of these effigies, it would be impossible to arrive at any sound conclusion respecting them.

 

John Hague Bloom

Curate

 

The investigation conducted in the presence of, and attested by me, (?d.) Augustus Wm. Langton Clk.

 

(This is an exact copy of the report written by Mr Bloom in the Burial Register. His signature also appears in the body of the register during the years 1832-1833.)"

Arbour Hill is an inner city area of Dublin, on the Northside of the River Liffey, in the Dublin 7 postal district. Arbour Hill, the road of the same name, runs west from Blackhall Place in Stoneybatter, and separates Collins Barracks, now part of the National Museum of Ireland, to the south from Arbour Hill Prison to the north, whose graveyard includes the burial plot of the signatories of the Easter Proclamation that began the 1916 Rising.

  

The military cemetery at Arbour Hill is the last resting place of 14 of the executed leaders of the insurrection of 1916. Among those buried there are Patrick Pearse, James Connolly and Major John Mc Bride. The leaders were executed in Kilmainham and then their bodies were transported to Arbour Hill, where they were buried.

 

The graves are located under a low mound on a terrace of Wicklow granite in what was once the old prison yard. The gravesite is surrounded by a limestone wall on which their names are inscribed in Irish and English. On the prison wall opposite the gravesite is a plaque with the names of other people who gave their lives in 1916.

 

The adjoining Church of the Sacred Heart, which is the prison chapel for Arbour Hill prison, is maintained by the Department of Defence. At the rear of the church lies the old cemetery, where lie the remains of British military personnel who died in the Dublin area in the 19th and early 20th century.

 

A doorway beside the 1916 memorial gives access to the Irish United Nations Veterans Association house and memorial garden.

A permanent memorial in memory of murdered Preston cotton workers was unveiled on Lune Street in 1992 - the 150th anniversary of the shooting. The memorial was designed by the British artist and sculptor Gordon Young. It was inspired by Goya's painting The Third of May 1808 picturing Spanish civilians being executed in 1808 for resisting Napoleon’s troops.

 

© 2013 Tony Worrall

  

Approximately two weeks ago, Sergeant Rob Long and John Davidson of the Hanceville Police Department conducted what initially seemed to be a routine traffic stop within the city limits of Hanceville. During the traffic stop interaction, Long established the likelihood that an illegal drug component was part of the incident.

 

Hanceville Police Department Narcotics Investigators were summoned to the scene.

 

Based upon evidence acquired during this traffic stop and subsequent questioning, Narcotics Investigator and Assistant Chief of Police Adam Hadder pursued a lengthy, ongoing investigation that took him across the county line into Blount County.

 

A single suspect with prior felony convictions involving narcotics possession and trafficking was the target of the investigation. Hadder pursued the likelihood that the individual may have once again been involve in the unlawful distribution of a controlled substance.

 

That multi-day investigation allowed Hadder to develop a crime profile that indicated that significant amounts of narcotics and other illegal drugs - directly tied to this traffic stop - were potentially being trafficked into Hanceville, Cullman County, and surrounding communities from a residential location in the Blountsville area.

 

On Monday evening (December 19th) around 9:00 pm, Hadder along with the aforementioned Long, Lieutenant Brannon Hammick and Chief of Police Bob Long arranged for the purchase of one ounce of ICE methamphetamine in Blount County from a white male believed linked to the suspected trafficking mentioned above.

 

During the pre-arranged drug buy, the suspect became agitated just prior to the transaction. He departed the transaction location in a motor vehicle. Hadder surreptitiously followed the suspect in an unmarked vehicle.

 

The situation soon escalated with Hadder and other members of HPD pursuing the individual into downtown Blountsville with as full show of blue lights. Ultimately, the suspect vehicle was boxed in after a short chase by HPD cruisers and the unmarked car.

 

The suspect was taken into custody at the location with one ounce of ICE methamphetamine in his possession.

 

In the meantime, from research information provided by the Hanceville Police Department, Sgt. Kirkland of the Blount County Sheriff's Office conducted a multiple hours surveillance of the suspect's presumed home.

 

Upon the detainment of the suspect, a search warrant was generated by the Blount County Sheriff's Office to enter the subject's dwelling. Hanceville and Blount County Investigators discovered a residential interior heavy with the smell of marijuana. The residence was sparsely decorated and believed to be a 'stash house'.

 

The following items were discovered inside the home:

 

• Approximately 110 pounds of high-grade marijuana buds

 

(street valued at $3,500 per pound)

 

• Approximately 2 pounds of ICE Methamphetamine

 

• Approximately 3 ounces of Cocaine

 

• Numerous pills of suspected of being controlled substances (Ecstacy)

 

• Multiple firearms

 

• A Ballistic Vest

 

• Various drug paraphernalia and apparatus

 

• Cash currency amounts believed to be between $90,000 and $110,000

 

As a result of the above, Hanceville Police arrested:

 

BRADLEY NEAL STEELE (33) of Blountsville

 

The above items were seized and Steel was taken to the Blount County Jail.

 

Steele will be charged with:

 

• Trafficking of Controlled Substance (3 counts)

 

~ Marijuana

 

~ Methamphetamine

 

~ Cocaine

 

Additional charges made be pending in relation to this arrest such as Attempting to Commit A Controlled Substance Crime, Attempting to Elude and Unlawful Possession of a Controlled Substance.

 

The total estimated street value of all street drugs seized is well over $350,000.

 

Bond will be set at $3,000,000.00.

 

Hanceville Chief of Police Bog Long had these thoughts following a press conference explain the arrest and charges:

 

"The important thing about this entire incident is that a very large amount of illegal drugs won't be available on the streets. I would like to acknowledge that the officers of Hanceville Police Department did a fantastic job. I also want to express my sincere gratitude to Blount County Sheriff Lloyd Arrington and the Blount County Sheriff's Office for all their hard work and dedication on this case."

 

Further information on this case is expected in the near future from the Blount County Sheriff's Office and Blount County District Attorney Pamela Casey (who is currently reviewing the circumstances of the case).

 

For the full story with images and press conference, please see:

 

cullmantoday.com/2016/12/21/hanceville-police-execute-lar...

Arbour Hill is an inner city area of Dublin, on the Northside of the River Liffey, in the Dublin 7 postal district. Arbour Hill, the road of the same name, runs west from Blackhall Place in Stoneybatter, and separates Collins Barracks, now part of the National Museum of Ireland, to the south from Arbour Hill Prison to the north, whose graveyard includes the burial plot of the signatories of the Easter Proclamation that began the 1916 Rising.

  

The military cemetery at Arbour Hill is the last resting place of 14 of the executed leaders of the insurrection of 1916. Among those buried there are Patrick Pearse, James Connolly and Major John Mc Bride. The leaders were executed in Kilmainham and then their bodies were transported to Arbour Hill, where they were buried.

 

The graves are located under a low mound on a terrace of Wicklow granite in what was once the old prison yard. The gravesite is surrounded by a limestone wall on which their names are inscribed in Irish and English. On the prison wall opposite the gravesite is a plaque with the names of other people who gave their lives in 1916.

 

The adjoining Church of the Sacred Heart, which is the prison chapel for Arbour Hill prison, is maintained by the Department of Defence. At the rear of the church lies the old cemetery, where lie the remains of British military personnel who died in the Dublin area in the 19th and early 20th century.

 

A doorway beside the 1916 memorial gives access to the Irish United Nations Veterans Association house and memorial garden.

This piece is entitled "self portrait of ones entire life". I executed this piece with the a theory I developed that is called Dimensionalism . This theory has its inspiration form my experiences with pre-seizure events for I have epilepsy. In this state I become detached from reality and see time in a different construct,that of a hyper intensity. A hyper awareness of a moment and everything that constructs it from sounds,thoughts,things tactile . While in these pre seizure states, some instances time is slowed down/speed up or frozen. While in other instances I am forced away form all comprehension of what is in my present environment and reality takes on a totally foreign existence where all has to be re learned.

For the viewers of my piece all of life is in dimensions and how one moves through these dimensions of either large dimensional constructs such as ones life or to the minute dimensional construct of a simple word. Thus giving the viewer this new perspective of time and space. The suspended animation of the piece is only dynamic as the viewer views the piece from the narrower sides form either end where a visible play of time sequencing exists and ones eye is drawn into the piece...

A perspective of a Dimesionalist where one has a view of a moment with a gods eye/time traveler or a pure energy source . From looking at a simple word to a memory one has. All is captured in dimensions. There are other branches of my theory that further portray my experiences. Demensionalising and facitile dimensionalism. These ideas also play with the constructs of how one sees time/moment.I hope to execute these ideas in the future...........

All these ideas/theories have a direct correlation with present day society...from the over abundance of information that is transferred by different technologies to the ways these technologies directly affect our existence and how it adds other dimensions of time to our lives.

I will be placing more info online in the future. and creating a temp website that fully explains all the details and shows examples of these theories as well as go into more details..

 

If you are interested in more info please feel free to contact ...efj@sbcglobal.net

 

Best best

 

Efj.

There are other branches of my theory that further portray my experiences. Demensionalising and facitile dimensionalism. These ideas also play with the constructs of how one sees time but deals more with dynamic movement .I hope to execute these ideas in the future...........

All these ideas/theories have a direct correlation with present day society...from the over abundance of information that is transferred by different technologies to the ways these technologies directly affect our existence and how it adds other dimensions of time to our lives.

 

I will be placing more info online in the future. and creating a temp website that fully explains all the details and shows examples of these theories as well as go into more details..

 

If you are interested in more info please feel free to contact ...efj@sbcglobal.net

 

Best best

 

Efj.

Cette effigie d'Aphrodite compte parmi les meilleures répliques d'une œuvre classique exécutée à la fin du Ve siècle av. J.-C. Le type statuaire doit son nom à l'exemplaire le plus complet, conservé à Rome, au Palais Doria-Pamphili. La paternité de l'original a suscité des questions encore débattues aujourd'hui : la statue est tantôt identifiée comme l'Aphrodite Ourania de Phidias, tantôt comme une oeuvre d'Agoracrite de Paros, son contemporain.

 

Réplique d'un original d'époque classique

En 1996, le Louvre a acquis une remarquable statue de marbre qui ornait autrefois le parc d'Ombreval, dans la propriété de Stéphane Dervillé à Domont, dans le Val-d'Oise. L'œuvre a été réalisée selon la technique acrolithe : les extrémités du corps - la tête et l'épaule droite dénudée, les bras et les pieds - étaient sculptées à part, également en marbre. Cette effigie d'Aphrodite appartient à une série de répliques d'une œuvre grecque exécutée à l'époque classique, dans les dernières décennies du Ve siècle av. J.-C. L'exemplaire le plus complet, conservé au Palais Doria-Pamphili à Rome, a donné son nom au type statuaire qu'elles reproduisent. Du sculpteur classique Polyclète, elle retient la pondération inventée au milieu du Ve siècle, le contrapposto, qui se définit par l'inclinaison inversée des épaules et des hanches, mais aussi par la distinction d'une jambe d'appui et d'une jambe libérée du poids du corps.

 

La paternité de l'oeuvre : Phidias ou Agoracrite ?

L'attribution de l'original est fortement discutée. Le traitement du drapé et le dévoilement de l'épaule, motif souvent repris par les sculpteurs pour évoquer la sensualité de la déesse de l'Amour, apparentent le marbre du Louvre à l'Aphrodite, à demi couchée, figurée sur le fronton Est du Parthénon. La statue est donc parfois identifiée comme une création de Phidias, le maître d'œuvre du décor architectural de l'édifice entre 447 et 432 av. J.-C. L'original invoqué est l'Aphrodite Ourania ("céleste") décrite par Pausanias à Elis (Périégèse, VI, 25, 1) ou celle de l'Agora d'Athènes (I, 14, 7). Plusieurs difficultés apparaissent cependant : d'une part, certains effets du drapé outrepassent l'esthétique parthénonienne, évoquant davantage les œuvres de la fin du Ve siècle av. J.-C. ; d'autre part, aucune copie du type Doria-Pamphili ne montre la tortue sur laquelle l'Aphrodite Ourania d'Elis posait le pied. On préfère donc attribuer à Agoracrite de Paros, l'un des disciples de Phidias ayant travaillé au décor du Parthénon, la paternité de l'original, exécuté sans doute vers 420 av. J.-C. La parenté stylistique de notre réplique avec ce que l'on sait de la Némésis de Rhamnonte, l'œuvre majeure d'Agoracrite, semble confirmer cette attribution.

 

Une oeuvre de style maniériste

Sur l'Aphrodite du Louvre, le copiste a restitué avec force virtuosité la richesse et la diversité des plis du vêtement, refouillant le marbre à la manière des sculpteurs de la fin du Ve siècle av. J.-C. La déesse revêt une fine tunique à manches courtes (le chiton) et un manteau plus épais (l'himation), dont le drapé, animé par le souffle du vent, est gonflé ou plaqué sur le corps. L'artiste a recréé les effets maniéristes des draperies, tourmentées et bouillonnantes par endroits, tandis qu'à d'autres elles révèlent, ruisselantes, la nudité féminine qui affleure sous l'étoffe du "drapé mouillé".

 

Bibliographie

Pasquier (A.), "Une grande Aphrodite drapée", in Feuillet "Actualité du département des Antiquités grecques, étrusques et romaines", n 9, Musée du Louvre, 2002 Cartel

 

Aphrodite du type "Doria-Pamphili"

 

Oeuvre grecque du Ier siècle av. J.-C. (?), d'après un type statuaire de la fin du Ve siècle av. J.-C.

  

Italie

 

Marbre du Pentélique (Attique), ronde-bosse ; tête, bras et pieds rapportés

 

H. cons. : 172 cm.

 

Ancienne collection Dervillé. Achat, 1996

  

N° d'entrée MNE 1013 (n° usuel Ma 4972)

 

Antiquités grecques, étrusques et romaines

   

Informations pratiques

Adresse :

Musée du Louvre, 75058 Paris - France

 

Téléphone :

+ 33 (0)1 40 20 53 17

 

Horaires :

Ouvert tous les jours de 9h à 18h sauf le mardi

Nocturnes jusqu’à 21h45 le mercredi et le vendredi

 

Fermetures :

Les 1er janvier, 1er mai et 25 décembre

 

Information in other languages

 

Achetez votre billet

.

Executing sustainable development projects is a critical aspect of our business. Since 2011, we have adopted over 80 primary schools in Nigeria through Oando Foundation; in a bid to bridge the gap in the education system by providing basic education for every child in Nigeria. #OandoCSR #Education #Africa