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The Three Levellers.
On an external wall of St John the Baptist Church in Burford, Oxfordshire, England is a plaque dedicated to the memory of the three Levellers who were executed on 17th May 1649 on the orders of Oliver Cromwell.
The three Levellers were the leaders of 300 men who were also Levellers as they were members of the movement known as Levellers who were those who sought justice and equality, and mostly emanated from the “lower orders”, the poor.
What they stood for would eventually become known as the socialist movement even though at that time it was way ahead of its time.
Oliver Cromwell had built what was known as the New Model Army and those who joined forces with Cromwell did so in the belief that eventually it would lead to among other things religious tolerance and the abolition of taxes to fund churches.
By 1649 the soldiers began to realise that their leaders had betrayed their beliefs and original intention and this created internal tensions that lead to a mutinies during which time ‘leaders’ were either shot or imprisoned.
In total 340 mutineers were captured and imprisoned at the Burford Church by Cromwell and of these three Levellers were shot on Cromwell’s orders.
Private John Church, Corporal Perkins, and Cornet James Thompson were all unduly executed on 17 May 1649 with the result that the Levellers had lost their power base within the New Model Army.
Each year since 1975, Levellers' Day has been held in the Oxfordshire town of Burford to commemorate the three Levellers executed there.
St John the Baptist Church.
Burford, Oxfordshire.
England.
Luther's advice against the Jews ... Hitler executed exactly.
Protest at the Protestant Church Congress. Luther is considered to be an anti-Semite, and is placed in the vicinity of Hitler.
Frankfurt, Römer
I got the idea from /u/John177877 on Reddit (www.reddit.com/r/AnalogCommunity/comments/use85s/what_i_l...)
Pictured are my Moskva 5, Canon V L1, and Agat18k, three of my favorite film cameras that shot the majority of film from these boxes.
Photo taken on iPhone
On the 28th July 1540 Thomas Cromwell, who had for served as chief minister to King Henry VIII, was executed at Tower Hill in London. For nearly ten years Cromwell was one of the strongest and most powerful proponents of the English Reformation, coming to the fore through his engineering of the annulment of Henry’s marriage to Catherine of Aragon in 1533. During his years in power, he skillfully managed Crown finances and extended royal authority. In 1536, he established the Court of Augmentations to handle the massive windfall to the royal coffers from the Dissolution of the Monasteries. He strengthened royal authority in the north of England through reform of the Council of the North, extended royal power and introduced Protestantism in Ireland, and was the architect of the Laws in Wales Acts 1535 and 1542, which promoted stability and gained acceptance for the royal supremacy in Wales.
During this period Cromwell made many enemies and there were no shortage of those who would try and to oust him from his position of power. In 1540 he arranged for Henry to marry the German Princess Anne of Cleves, who Cromwell hoped would help breath fresh life into the Reformation in England and help protect England against the possibility of a French / Imperial alliance. This appears to have been a costly mistake, as the king was reportedly shocked by her plain appearance and Cromwell was accused of exaggerating her beauty. The wedding ceremony took place on January 6th at Greenwich, but the marriage was not consummated. For Cromwell’s conservative opponents, most notably the Duke of Norfolk, the King's anger at being forced to marry Anne was the opportunity to topple him they had been waiting for.
Cromwell was arrested at a Council meeting on June 10th and accused of various charges. His initial reaction was defiance: "This then is my reward for faithful service!" he cried out, and angrily defied his fellow Councillors to call him a traitor. A Bill of Attainder containing a long list of indictments, including supporting Anabaptists, corrupt practices, leniency in matters of justice, acting for personal gain, protecting Protestants accused of heresy and thus failing to enforce the Act of Six Articles, and plotting to marry Lady Mary Tudor, was introduced into the House of Lords a week later and passed on June 29th.
All Cromwell's honours were forfeited and it was publicly proclaimed that he could be called only "Thomas Cromwell, cloth carder". The King deferred the execution until his marriage to Anne of Cleves could be annulled: Anne, with remarkable common sense, happily agreed to an amicable annulment and was treated with great generosity by Henry as a result. Hoping for clemency, Cromwell wrote in support of the annulment, in his last personal address to the King. He ended the letter: "Most gracious Prince, I cry for mercy, mercy, mercy."
Cromwell was however condemned to death without trial, lost all his titles and property and was publicly beheaded on Tower Hill on July 28th 1540, on the same day as the King's marriage to Catherine Howard. The circumstances of his execution are a source of debate: whilst some accounts state that the executioner had great difficulty severing the head, others claim that this is apocryphal and that it took only one blow. Afterwards, his head was set on a spike on London Bridge.
The king later expressed regret at the loss of his chief minister and later accused his ministers of bringing about Cromwell's downfall by "pretexts" and "false accusations".
A trio, yes, a trio of Ex-BN Executive SD70MAC's leads a coal train as it departs Homewood IL heading towards Michigan. This train had two Executives up front and one as a DPU.
Ceiling executed in 1617, on designs by Domenichino (Domenico Zampieri 1581-1641), who painted the Assumption - Basilica of Santa Maria in Trastevere - Rome
Sir Kenelm Digby (July 11, 1603 – June 11, 1665) was an English courtier and diplomat. He was also a highly reputed natural philosopher, and known as a leading Roman Catholic intellectual and Blackloist. For his versatility, Anthony à Wood called him the "magazine of all arts".
He was born at Gayhurst, Buckinghamshire, England. He was of gentry stock, but his family's adherence to Roman Catholicism coloured his career. His father, Sir Everard, was executed in 1606 for his part in the Gunpowder Plot. Kenelm was sufficiently in favour with James I to be proposed as a member of Edmund Bolton's projected Royal Academy (with George Chapman, Michael Drayton, Ben Jonson, John Selden, and Sir Henry Wotton).[2]
He went to Gloucester Hall, Oxford in 1618, where he was taught by Thomas Allen; but left without taking a degree. In time Allen bequeathed to Digby his library, and the latter donated it to the Bodleian.[3][4]
He spent three years in Europe between 1620 and 1623, where Marie de Medici fell madly in love with him (as he later recounted). He was granted a Cambridge M.A. on the King's visit to the university in 1624.[5] Around 1625, he married Venetia Stanley, whose wooing he cryptically described in his memoirs. He had also become a member of the Privy Council of Charles I of England. His Roman Catholicism being a hindrance in the way of government office, he switched to Anglicanism.
In 1628, Digby became a privateer, with some success: on January 18 he arrived off Gibraltar and captured several Spanish and Flemish vessels. From February 5 to March 27 he remained at anchor off Algiers on account of the sickness of his men, and extracted a promise from the authorities of better treatment of the English ships. He seized a rich Dutch vessel near Majorca, and after other adventures gained a complete victory over the French and Venetian ships in the harbour of Iskanderun on the June 11. His successes, however, brought upon the English merchants the risk of reprisals, and he was urged to depart.
He returned to become a naval administrator and later Governor of Trinity House. His wife died suddenly in 1633, prompting a famous deathbed portrait by Van Dyck and a eulogy by Ben Jonson. (Digby was later Jonson's literary executor. Jonson's poem about Venetia is now mostly lost, because of the loss of the center sheet of a leaf of papers which held the only copy.) Digby, stricken with grief and the object of enough suspicion that the Crown had ordered an autopsy (rare at the time) on Venetia's body, secluded himself in Gresham College and attempted to forget his personal woes through scientific experimentation and a return to Catholicism. At that period, public servants were often rewarded with patents of monopoly; Digby received the regional monopoly of sealing wax in Wales and the Welsh Borders. This was a guaranteed income; more speculative were the monopolies of trade with the Gulf of Guinea and with Canada. These were doubtless more difficult to police.
Digby became a Catholic once more in 1635. He went into voluntary exile in Paris, where he spent most of his time until 1660. There he met both Marin Mersenne and Thomas Hobbes.[6]
Returning to support Charles I in his struggle to establish episcopacy in Scotland (the Bishops' Wars), he found himself increasingly unpopular with the growing Puritan party. He left England for France again in 1641. Following an incident in which he killed a French nobleman, Mont le Ros, in a duel,[7] he returned to England via Flanders in 1642, and was jailed by the House of Commons. He was eventually released at the intervention of Anne of Austria, and went back again to France. He remained there during the remainder of the period of the English Civil War. Parliament declared his property in England forfeit.
Queen Henrietta Maria had fled England in 1644, and he became her Chancellor. He was then engaged in unsuccessful attempts to solicit support for the English monarchy from Pope Innocent X. Following the establishment of The Protectorate under Oliver Cromwell, who believed in freedom of conscience, Digby was received by the government as a sort of unofficial representative of English Roman Catholics, and was sent in 1655 on a mission to the Papacy to try to reach an understanding. This again proved unsuccessful.
At the Restoration, Digby found himself in favor with the new regime due to his ties with Henrietta Maria, the Queen Mother. However, he was often in trouble with Charles II, and was once even banished from Court. Nonetheless, he was generally highly regarded until his death at the age of 62 from "the stone", likely caused by kidney stones.
He published a work of apologetics in 1638, A Conference with a Lady about choice of a Religion. In it he argued that the Catholic Church, possessing alone the qualifications of universality, unity of doctrine and uninterrupted apostolic succession, is the only true church, and that the intrusion of error into it is impossible.
Digby was regarded as an eccentric by contemporaries, partly because of his effusive personality, and partly because of his interests in scientific matters. Henry Stubbe called him "the very Pliny of our age for lying".[9] He lived in a time when scientific enquiry had not settled down in any disciplined way. He spent enormous time and effort in the pursuits of astrology, and alchemy which he studied in the 1630s with Van Dyck.[10][11][12]
Notable among his pursuits was the concept of the Powder of Sympathy. This was a kind of sympathetic magic; one manufactured a powder using appropriate astrological techniques, and daubed it, not on the injured part, but on whatever had caused the injury. His book on this salve went through 29 editions.[13] Synchronising the effects of the powder, which apparently caused a noticeable effect on the patient when applied, was actually suggested in 1687 as a means of solving the longitude problem.
In 1644 he published together two major philosophical treatises, The Nature of Bodies and On the Immortality of Reasonable Souls. The latter was translated into Latin in 1661 by John Leyburn. These Two Treatises were his major natural-philosophical works, and showed a combination of Aristotelianism and atomism.[14]
He was in touch with the leading intellectuals of the time, and was highly regarded by them; he was a founding member of the Royal Society[10] and a member of its governing council from 1662 to 1663. His correspondence with Fermat contains the only extant mathematical proof by Fermat, a demonstration, using his method of descent, that the area of a Pythagorean triangle cannot be a square. His Discourse Concerning the Vegetation of Plants (1661) proved controversial among the Royal Society's members.[15] He is credited with being the first person to note the importance of "vital air," or oxygen, to the sustenance of plants.[16]
Digby is known for the publication of a cookbook, The Closet of the Eminently Learned Sir Kenelme Digbie Knight Opened, but it was actually published by a close servant, from his notes, in 1669, several years after his death. It is currently considered an excellent source of period recipes, particularly for beverages such as mead.
Digby is also considered the father of the modern wine bottle. During the 1630s, Digby owned a glassworks and manufactured wine bottles which were globular in shape with a high, tapered neck, a collar, and a punt. His manufacturing technique involved a coal furnace, made hotter than usual by the inclusion of a wind tunnel, and a higher ratio of sand to potash and lime than was customary. Digby's technique produced wine bottles which were stronger and more stable than most of their day, and which, due to their dark color, protected the contents from light. During his exile and prison term, others claimed his technique as their own, but in 1662 Parliament recognized his claim to the invention as valid.
Charles II (29 May 1630 OS – 6 February 1685) was the King of England, Scotland, and Ireland.
Charles II's father King Charles I was executed at Whitehall on 30 January 1649, at the climax of the English Civil War. The English Parliament did not proclaim Charles II king at this time. Instead they passed a statute making such a proclamation unlawful. England entered the period known to history as the English Interregnum or the English Commonwealth and the country was a de facto republic, led by Oliver Cromwell. The Parliament of Scotland, however, proclaimed Charles II King of Scots on 5 February 1649 in Edinburgh. He was crowned King of Scots at Scone on 1 January 1651. Following his defeat by Cromwell at the Battle of Worcester on 3 September 1651, Charles fled to mainland Europe and spent the next nine years in exile in France, the United Provinces and the Spanish Netherlands.
A political crisis following the death of Cromwell in 1658 resulted in Charles being invited to return and assume the throne in what became known as the Restoration. Charles II arrived on English soil on 27 May 1660 and entered London on his 30th birthday, 29 May 1660. After 1660, all legal documents were dated as if Charles had succeeded his father in 1649. Charles was crowned King of England and Ireland at Westminster Abbey on 23 April 1661.
Charles's English parliament enacted anti-Puritan laws known as the Clarendon Code, designed to shore up the position of the re-established Church of England. Charles acquiesced to the Clarendon Code even though he himself favoured a policy of religious tolerance. The major foreign policy issue of Charles's early reign was the Second Anglo-Dutch War. In 1670, Charles entered into the secret treaty of Dover, an alliance with his first cousin King Louis XIV of France under the terms of which Louis agreed to aid Charles in the Third Anglo-Dutch War and pay Charles a pension, and Charles promised to convert to Roman Catholicism at an unspecified future date. Charles attempted to introduce religious freedom for Catholics and Protestant dissenters with his 1672 Royal Declaration of Indulgence, but the English Parliament forced him to withdraw it. In 1679, Titus Oates's revelations of a supposed "Popish Plot" sparked the Exclusion Crisis when it was revealed that Charles's brother and heir (James, Duke of York) was a Roman Catholic. This crisis saw the birth of the pro-exclusion Whig and anti-exclusion Tory parties. Charles sided with the Tories, and, following the discovery of the Rye House Plot to murder Charles and James in 1683, some Whig leaders were killed or forced into exile. Charles dissolved the English Parliament in 1679, and ruled alone until his death on 6 February 1685. He converted to Roman Catholicism on his deathbed.
Charles was popularly known as the Merrie Monarch, in reference to both the liveliness and hedonism of his court and the general relief at the return to normality after over a decade of rule by Oliver Cromwell and the Puritans. Charles's wife, Catherine of Braganza, bore no children, but Charles acknowledged at least 12 illegitimate children by various mistresses.
The Holy Monastery of Rousanou. There are unverified historical sources which suggest the foundation of the monastery as early as 1288. In 1561 wall paintings in the katholikon were executed by artists from the Cretan School but are unsigned.
The Metéora (Greek: Μετέωρα, "suspended rocks", "suspended in the air" or "in the heavens above" - etymologically similar to "Meteorite") is one of the largest and most important complexes of Eastern Orthodox monasteries in Greece, second only to Mount Athos. The Metéora is included on the UNESCO World Heritage List.
It lies at a distance of 105 kilometres from Ioannina, 285 from Thessaloniki, and 326 from Athens.
I dedicate this photograph to my beloved English wife Theresa Jane Brown, to whom I owe so very much.
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None of my images may be downloaded, copied, reproduced, manipulated or used on websites, blogs or other media without my explicit written permission. THANK YOU!
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Plâtre exécuté vers 1852. Jeanne d'arc par François Rude (1784-1855), oeuvre commandée pour la série des femmes illustres du jardin du Luxembourg par Louis-Philippe en 1845, exposée au Salon de 1852.
Plaster executed around 1852. Joan of Arc by François Rude (1784-1855), work commissioned for the series of illustrious women in the Luxembourg Gardens by Louis-Philippe in 1845, exhibited at the 1852 Salon.
Fresques exceptionnelles de Giotto exécutées entre 1305 et 1310 dans la chapelle des Scrovegni, construite en 1303, à la demande d'Enrico Scrovegni, banquier et homme d'affaires padouan.
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This is the interior of the Rockingham Church which I showed from the outside yesterday. To capture the light through the windows properly, I did this as an HDR using Lightroom's HDR feature. While I could have achieved almost the same result through a little pushing of a single, well executed RAW image, the HDR version just seemed to be a little bit better in this case.
© Anvilcloud Photography
The following tidbits are excerpted from the Pembroke Library
The Rockingham Church, formerly known as St. Leonard’s Anglican Church, was built in 1875, when the hamlet of Rockingham was a thriving community. Essentially abandoned 60 years ago, the church’s simple grace and imposing location high on a slope overlooking the village attract many visitors each year. A post and beam structure, the building is a unique survivor of its kind in Renfrew County and one of the oldest remaining buildings in the area. In 1999, the Townships of Brudenell, Lyndoch & Raglan designated the church a heritage site under the Ontario Heritage Act.
Evidence for the date of construction of the Rockingham Church is conflicting, but The Renfrew Mercury, May 28, 1875, reported:
New Church at Rockingham
The Protestant settlers at Rockingham have, with the assistance of a few kind friends, lately erected a commodious place of worship for the settlement ...
In 1882, the Anglican Mission Board granted $400 to the Bishop of Ontario toward the support of a missionary to be stationed at Rockingham, where there was “a genial society of church members, Mr. Watson and family being among them.” The Rev. A.W. MacKay arrived in early 1882 to take up the position. The Church Warden’s Accounts for the same year record expenses of $391.14 to improve the church with the addition of a porch, communion rail, and organ, most likely to complete it for use as an Anglican mission; at that time it was named St. Leonard’s Church. A stove was added in 1885, and a belfry and bell in 1891.
In 1975 and 1976, a group under the name Madawaska Association for Developmental Ecology (M.A.D.E.) repaired the back wall, reshingled the roof and arranged for the return of the pews. Apart from the visits of tourists, history buffs and artists, the church stood empty and decaying until 1995, when the Friends of the Rockingham Church formed to undertake the present rehabilitation of the building.
Architecture of the Rockingham Church
The church is constructed in conventional post and beam style, with board and batten siding of locally cut pine. The siding is for the most part the original wood, installed in 1875. The old shingles removed in 1974-75 were of cedar—it is hard to believe they could have been original after 100 years, but there is no record in the Church Warden’s accounts that shows earlier repairs or replacement.
The elegant curved pews are original to the Rockingham Church. They were removed to the Quadeville Pentecostal Church in the 1940s and returned in the mid-1970s. The original altar rail and pulpit remain, although the font was moved to the Union Church at Barry’s Bay.
The repairs undertaken in 1999 and 2000 uncovered extensive rot to the post and beam structure within the walls and at the ground, which had caused the increasing sag in the walls and roof. Siding boards were removed and numbered to allow repair and/or replacement of the 8” x 8” beams without disturbing the interior panelling. Rafter ends, too, were rotting where they sat on the wall top plates. These were reinforced with new lumber, unsound roof decking was replaced, and the roof was reshingled in new cedar. The steeple was removed for repairs and reshingling. After much debate, copper was chosen for the steeple shingles for its longevity and its appearance. Repairs were completed in July 2000.
The Friends of the Rockingham Church, Inc.
The Friends of the Rockingham Church formed in 1995, in response to the imminent threat of the church’s demolition. The Anglican Diocese of Ottawa, then the owner of the church, was concerned about the building’s deteriorating condition and applied to the municipality for a demolition permit. Local concerned citizens took action, prevailed upon the Diocese to delay and eventually waive the application. The group incorporated in 1997 and was designated a charitable organization by Revenue Canada. The purchase of the building was finalized in 1998.
The Friends continue to raise funds for the ongoing maintenance and insurance of the building and to support programs to publicize its historical value. Tax receipts are issued for all donations. Cheques may be made out to:
The Rockingham Church is located at the junction of John Watson Road and the Rockingham Road, in the village of Rockingham. From the east (Killaloe or Eganville), turn off Hwy. 512 at Brudenell onto Renfrew County Road #66 (the Opeongo Line). Turn left onto Renfrew County Road #68 (the Letterkenny Road) and follow the signs to Rockingham. From the west (Combermere), turn off Hwy. 62 onto Hwy. 515. Turn left immediately onto Renfrew County Road #68 (the Rockingham Road) and follow to Rockingham.
Clones execute their Jedi General under the direction Order 66. (Built as an application to the Dark Times RPG)
shot executed by pinhole Auloma Superpanorama 6x17, negative scanned by Canon EOS 1100D, 120 film Fomapan 100
Public art piece by David Best, a Petaluma-based sculptor, located at the Franklin Blvd. light rail station in Sacramento. It is an exquisitely designed and executed piece that everyone should really see in person. I pulled off the road to go take this picture; couldn't pass by another day.
Straight from the camera.
Finally got an opportunity to execute an idea I have been planning for a long time! Thanks for the crew at Tikkurilan Romu junk yard! Making of video coming soon! :)
Truth Unveiled by Time is a marble sculpture by Italian artist Gian Lorenzo Bernini, one of the foremost sculptors of the Italian Baroque. Executed between 1645 and 1652, Bernini intended to show Truth allegorically as a naked young woman being unveiled by a figure of Time above her, but the figure of Time was never executed.
Upon his election to the papacy in 1623, Maffeo Vincenzo Barberini took the name Pope Urban VIII and appointed Bernini as the principal artist for the papal court in Rome. According to Bernini's biographer Baldinucci, Maffeo had 'scarcely ascended the sacred throne' when he summoned Bernini and told him:
"It is your great fortune to see Cardinal Maffeo Barberini Pope, but our fortune is far greater in that Cavalier Bernini lives during our pontificate."
Bernini enjoyed great success during his time as the principal artist for the papal court but, after Urban's death in 1644, he was removed by the incoming pope, Innocent X. The new pope had more conservative tastes and favored Bernini's rival Algardi. Despite the fall from favor this did not stop Bernini from occasionally working for the new pope - One of his most famous works, the Fountain of the Four Rivers, was one of the projects done for Innocent. He still maintained his position as the architect of St. Peter's despite his removal from the papal court and, after Innocent's death in 1655, was immediately given two major commissions at St. Peter's: decorating the Cathedra Petri and building a colonnade round the piazza.
Bernini's rationale for creating Truth Unveiled by Time was, according to his son Domenico, as a sculptural retort to attacks from opponents criticizing his failed project to build two towers onto the front of St. Peter's Basilica. While this is certainly plausible, historians are unsure of the validity of Domenico's claims relating to his father's reasoning. Cracks had appeared in the facade due to the inability of the foundations to support the towers and Bernini's architectural expansion received the blame. What many fail to mention is that most of the blame lies with Carlo Maderno, the previous architect who built weak foundations for the monumental task being requested, and Pope Urban VIII, who kept pressuring Bernini for heavier, more elaborate bell towers.
During the difficult time after Urban's death, Bernini was able to find peace and serenity in his overwhelming confidence that one day he would be vindicated. So strong was this conviction that he created Truth Unveiled by Time to express this confidence in his eventual vindication. Despite this conviction, the sculpture of Father Time was never begun and the project remained incomplete. It has been suggested by historian Franco Mormando that Bernini's return to public favor after Innocent's death might have made the sculptural piece lose the emotional urgency it had previously possessed, which would make sense considering he had been reinstated to his previous place in the upper echelons of society.
Meanwhile, at Dunder Mifflin, new hire George Constanza* has executed his plan to chat with Pam at the copier.
"-so I thought we could print double-sided for the daily QR reports and that alone would save a ton of paper. I mean, even though we are a paper company we can still be environmentally conscious."
"Wow, Pam, that's exactly the way I think. I'm very big into environmental. Very big. I saved a whale one time."
"Oh, wow! A whale."
George thinking: "No laugh track!** I can't tell what's going on! Is she liking my angle? Maybe I should throw in something about Greenpeace. Why does she have to be one of those environuts? It's always so difficult to come up with something for that. I wonder if she's into architecture..."
"Yeah, yeah, a whale. Had a golf ball stuck in his blowhole. snrt! Say, do you like architecture?"
"Architecture? I guess... why?"
"Well, there's a new expansion on a building downtown and... let's just say I may have had a hand in it. I'd love to show you!"
"Oh, you're in architecture?"
"Well, I dabble."
"That's cool, let me ask Jim. I think he'd like to see it too."
"Jim? Oh, Jim! Jim at the desk over there!"
"Yes, we're going out."
"Oh, of course you are..."
__________________________
A year of the shows and performers of the Bijou Planks Theater.
Funko
Mini Moments
The Office
Michael Scott
Dwight Schrute
Jim Halpert
Pam Beesly
Darryl Philbin
Funko
Mini Moments
Seinfeld - Jerry's Apartment
George
* George's interview was seen in BP 2022 Day 173!
www.flickr.com/photos/paprihaven/52164948582/
** George has been thrown off by the lack of a laugh track at The Office, as seen in BP 2022 Day !
Masterpieces of art and craft, from Coventry Cathedral.
The Baptistry Window, a masterpiece of abstract stained glass designed by John Piper and executed by Patrick Reyntiens. It is 82 ft high with 195 panes of stained glass, with colours covering the whole spectrum.
Kilmainham Gaol is a former prison in Kilmainham, Dublin, Ireland. It is now a museum run by the Office of Public Works, an agency of the Government of Ireland. Many Irish revolutionaries, including the leaders of the 1916 Easter Rising, were imprisoned and executed in the prison by the orders of the UK Government.
When it was first built in 1796, Kilmainham Gaol was called the "New Gaol" to distinguish it from the old prison it was intended to replace – a noisome dungeon, just a few hundred metres from the present site. It was officially called the County of Dublin Gaol, and was originally run by the Grand Jury for County Dublin.
Originally, public hangings took place at the front of the prison. However, from the 1820s onward very few hangings, public or private, took place at Kilmainham. A small hanging cell was built in the prison in 1891. It is located on the first floor, between the west wing and the east wing.
There was no segregation of prisoners; men, women and children were incarcerated up to 5 in each cell, with only a single candle for light and heat. Most of their time was spent in the cold and the dark, and each candle had to last for two weeks. Its cells were roughly 28 square metres in area.
Children were sometimes arrested for petty theft, the youngest said to be a seven-year-old child, while many of the adult prisoners were transported to Australia.
At Kilmainham, the poor conditions in which women prisoners were kept provided the spur for the next stage of development. As early as 1809, in his report, the Inspector had observed that male prisoners were supplied with iron bedsteads while females "lay on straw on the flags in the cells and common halls". Half a century later there was little improvement. The women's section, located in the west wing, remained overcrowded. In an attempt to relieve the overcrowding, 30 female cells were added to the Gaol in 1840. These improvements had not been made long before the Great Famine occurred, and Kilmainham was overwhelmed with the increase of prisoners.
illuminated chorals of the Opera del Duomo di Pienza get executed by Pope Pius II to Sienese artists of the fifteenth century
These pictures from 2024 were taken on one of my best days. As well as the outline of a Large Blue Eye with a distinct blue spherical both iris and pupil there is a shadow at the left centre which casts very interesting even symbolic shades. The Witches' Stone just at the edge of the village of Spott is a good memorial of bad times and deeds. The Witches’ Stone always fills me with commemoration and remembrance of times not so long gone when Witch Hunts were after witches so upsettingly so that we still use the term Witch Hunt no more than ever for a falsely fuelled over active hunt often with vicious entanglements and outcomes.
The Witches’ Stone is on the East of Spott village and Easter Broomhouse Standing Stone is at the West of the village. In the village at the Church you can find The Jougs. From standing stone in the East past central stone church to a commemorative stone in the West there are three superb historic lithic sites. The Church has been a focal site to inspire and to contain history of the area and along with local archives there are some superb historic collections, myriad connections, and local recollections.
There are three tall Standing Stones near Spott, Easter Broomhouse, Pencraig Hill and Kirklandhill Standing Stones. Their placement in the landscape of natural bounties and hill forts is a key to some of the smaller monuments, This coastal area is full of life from the sea and the land and the stones stretch into the sky that keeps the seas calm and the lands fertile.
© PHH Sykes 2024 and 2025
phhsykes@gmail.com
Witches of Scotland is a campaign for justice; for a legal pardon, an apology and national monument for the thousands of people – mostly women - that were convicted of witchcraft and executed between 1563 and 1736 in Scotland.
The Witches of Scotland Limited. This tartan can be worn by anyone.
www.tartanregister.gov.uk/tartanDetails?ref=14651
Witches of Scotland podcast
Claire Mitchell QC and Zoe Venditozzi, Author co-host the Witches of Scotland podcast. Over the forthcoming weeks we hope to bring you interviews from those who know about the history, law and stories of those accused of witchcraft. Join our mailing list and we will let you know when a new podcast is out.
www.witchesofscotland.com/podcast
Witches' Stone, Spott
canmore.org.uk/site/57667/witches-stone-spott
Easter Broomhouse Standing Stone
www.themodernantiquarian.com/site/1492/easter_broomhouse_...
Easter Broomhouse - Standing Stone (Menhir) in Scotland in East Lothian
www.megalithic.co.uk/article.php?sid=6706
Spott Church
www.scotlandschurchestrust.org.uk/church/spott-parish-chu...
Welcome to Belhaven and Spott Parish Church
Witches' Stone, Spott
canmore.org.uk/site/57667/witches-stone-spott
Easter Broomhouse Standing Stone (Prehistoric)
canmore.org.uk/site/57622/easter-broomhouse
Pencraig Hill Standing Stone (Prehistoric)
canmore.org.uk/site/56240/pencraig-hill
Witches' Stone, Spott
www.themodernantiquarian.com/site/6453/witches_stone.html
Witches' Stone, Spott
www.megalithic.co.uk/article.php?sid=8239
Easter Broomhouse Standing Stone
www.themodernantiquarian.com/site/1492/easter_broomhouse_...
Pencraig Hill Standing Stone (Prehistoric)
www.themodernantiquarian.com/site/1494/pencraig_hill_stan...
Pencraig Hill Standing Stone (Prehistoric)
www.megalithic.co.uk/article.php?sid=6703
Kirklandhill Standing Stone
www.themodernantiquarian.com/site/1493/kirklandhill_stand...
The Coronation of the Virgin is a painting by the Italian early Renaissance master Fra Angelico, executed around 1434–1435 in Fiesole (Florence). It is now in the Musée du Louvre of Paris, France. The artist executed another Coronation of the Virgin (c. 1432), now in the Uffizi in Florence.
The work is not thought to have originally been painted around 1434 (a few years after the similar painting in the Uffizi) for the convent of San Domenico of Fiesole, near Florence, where Fra Angelico was a Dominican friar and for which he painted also the Fiesole Altarpiece (1424-1425) and the Annunciation now at the Museo del Prado. Some art historians, such as John Pope-Hennessy, date it instead to Angelico's visit to Rome (1450).
The painting was brought to France as a result of the pillages of the Napoleonic Wars. Like several other artworks, it was not given back with the excuse of its large size.
The work shows several differences from the earlier Coronation now at the Uffizi. The gilded background has disappeared, replaced by a more realistic light blue sky. The composition is more advanced, perhaps inspired to the innovation introduced by Masaccio. Angelico here depicts a rich cyborium with Gothic triple mullions, supported by a series of polychrome marble steps, as the set of the Incoronation. Elements such as the twisted columns show similarities with the tabernacles painted in the frescoes of the Niccoline Chapel in Rome.
Such as in the Florence painting, the angels and the saints form the audience at the side of the central scene, but the figures are more defined and some are shown from back, and the pavement's tiles are painted according to geometrical perspective. Pope-Hennessy supposed that the angels were influenced by those in the San Brizio Chapel of Orvieto Cathedral (1447).
The work was executed with the extensive help of assistants, especially in the right side: for example, St. Catherine's wheel is painted approximatively, and some of the saints in this side have less expressive faces.
The painting has a predella with scenes portraying the Miracles of St. Dominic and, in the middle, the Resurrection of Christ. Such as in other Angelico's work, the predella scenes show an extensive use of geometrical perspective, enhanced by the use of alternatively empty and full architectures.
shot executed by pinhole Auloma Feris 4x5 , filter for view camera green aulomacolor, negative scan by Canon EOS 1100D
location: Shisendo temple 詩仙堂丈山寺,Kyoto city,Kyoto prefecture,Japan
Please take a look at my Shisendo albumn
www.flickr.com/photos/masakoishida_macononch/albums/72157...
Shisen-do
Shisen-dō (詩仙堂) is a Buddhist temple of the Sōtō Zen sect in Sakyō-ku, Kyoto, Japan. It is registered as a historic site of Japan. It stands on the grounds of its founder, the Edo period intellectual Ishikawa Jōzan (1583–1672), who established the temple in 1641.
A room in the main temple displays portraits of thirty-six Chinese poets. The selection of the poets was based on the opinion of Hayashi Razan. The portraits were executed by Kanō Tan'yū. This and some other parts of the building date to the time of Ishikawa Jōzan.
The temple's gardens are considered masterworks of Japanese gardens. One of them includes a device called a sōzu, a type of shishi-odoshi designed to scare away wild animals such as deer by making a loud noise. Water trickles into a bamboo tube, and when it reaches a certain level, it upsets the balance of the tube. The tube tips over on a pivot, discharging the water, and turns upright, striking a rock and emitting a loud clapping noise. About this sound This link (help·info) plays a recording of the sōzu at Shisen-dō.
-wikipedia
Canon EOS M5/ Mount Adapter EF-EOS M/EF35-70mm f/3.5-4.5/ƒ/4.5 35.0 mm 1/30sec ISO400 /all manual
Excerpt from phillips.com:
In 1986, during the centennial of the Statue of Liberty’s arrival in America, Andy Warhol executed his indelibly famous silkscreens employing the pattern of camouflage. In the present lot, Statue of Liberty, 1986, Warhol spins the colors of war into a tribute to international solidarity. Appropriating the historical pattern of violence and concealment, Warhol brilliantly rebrands camouflage as a stylistic statement. And, in doing so, he bequeaths the symbol of cooperation between the United States and France with an aesthetic grace that rivals any of his work from this prolific period in his life.
Yet camouflage did not appear in Warhol’s paintings until more than twenty years later. Previous to 1986, Warhol had been working in a variety of techniques and stylistic formats, including the reversal series and the infamous oxidation paintings. But perhaps the most telling harbinger of his work with camouflage was the “shadow paintings”, which appeared with regularity throughout the decade leading up to 1986. In these paintings, we see his tendency for color-field patterns with varying shapes and border patterns. “Shape and shadow are the two principles most central to the concept of camouflage.”
On a face already defined by the dramatic presence of shadow, Warhol’s camouflage pattern lends an exhilarating chromatic dimension. His canvas, six feet square, bears three layers of silkscreened image. The underlayer is composed of only the face and upper arm of the statue of liberty, resplendent in her classical glory. Here, Warhol exhibits a remarkable attention to detail in terms of the distribution of the paint and its equal distribution across the canvas; nowhere can we spot smudges or a visually unintelligible section due to over saturation of pigment. Atop his original layer, Warhol lays his camouflage pattern. Crawling at every whim across the face of the statue and her outstretched arm, we behold four shades of lavender-blue that make the stern face even more intimidating. She looks as an enlisted soldier does, but instead, her mission is to pronounce the greatness of American liberty.
But even as Warhol fortifies the Statue with a fierce resolve, his third layer of silkscreen is tongue-in-cheek: he inserts a label for the French cookie company, “Fabis”, into the lower right-hand corner of his picture. The image bears French and American flags flying together, corroborating the international solidarity represented by the Statue of Liberty with a delightful piece of kitsch. While we may be whisked away temporarily or perhaps even inspired by the Statue dressed in military garb, Warhol stamps his work with a comment on the commercialism for which he is known best; both France and America are trademarks, at peace with each other’s brand of business.
Statue of Liberty, 1986, has the benefit of being hotly suggestive but not prescriptive, which was one of Warhol’s many gifts as an artist. However, what begins to show through in the work executed close to his time of death was his unprecedented level of self-reflection. Later in the year, he even employed camouflage as a pattern over one of his many self-portraits. But we need not look so far for Warhol’s self-reference; in the craggy recessions and stoic lines on the face of the Statue, we observe Warhol’s own aging mask, weighted with connotations yet unwilling to yield any personal truth.
By Thomas Thornycroft (1815-1885), executed between 1856 and 83, erected at its present post in 1902. Hamo, his son (1850-1925), also an English sculptor, must have assisted his father during the making of the statue in the later years. No way, a much larger amusement for father and son than to build a Lego space shuttle nowadays, though the same experience at least.
A farewell to my 2015 London photos for a while but probably the ouverture of a future series.
This is the gravesite of the first and only female prisoner to be executed in South Australia. Charged with poisoning her husband.
Sometimes I really enjoy executing other peoples concepts, it gives me a chance to test my methods in new territories & I end up creating images that I wouldn’t other wise. Variety is the spice of life & all that…
Read more & see the behind the scenes on my blog.
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Strobist Left Shot:
• 600ex-rt camera right on 1/1th power, through the Westcott 43-inch Collapsible Umbrella.
A meet is executed at Big Stone Gap as an empty hopper train powers through the siding behind SD40-2 8122 and three other six-motor units. The Chessie unit on the right is a U30B, and formerly C&O 8207. The GE is the rear of three four-motor units serving as the rear end pusher. As soon as the empty train clears, the NS dispatcher will likely give the loaded train clearance to head for the NS-CSX junction ahead and across Powell River.
Press L to view large.
MacKenzie and MacRae
During the Jacobite rising in 1745-46, Kenneth MacKenzie, 6th Earl of Seaforth and later known as Lord Fortrose, supported the government and did not bring his clan out for Bonnie Prince Charlie. He had seen the many sufferings of his father and his clan from the prior Jacobite rising and chose to preserve the status quo. He did not lead the MacKenzies or the MacRaes into battle.
George MacKenzie, 3rd Earl of Cromartie together with Simon Fraser, Lord Lovat made a joint recruiting effort in the east around Glenurquhart on the Black Isle, and took part in the Battle of Falkirk on 17 January 1746. Many MacKenzies fought in his regiment but very few MacRaes, perhaps because their population was greater in Seaforth's domain. Both the Earl and his son Lord MacLeod were taken prisoner the day before Culloden. They were later pardoned, but Lord Lovat was also taken prisoner and was executed with great barbarity at the advanced age of 80 via the method known as hung, drawn, and quartered. He was the last nobleman executed in Britain. The majority of the men taken at Culloden were either executed or transported.
As a result of Seaforth's non-participation and Cromartie's recruiting being in the east and not the west, very few MacRaes fought in this decisive battle.
The English never claimed battle honors for the Battle of Culloden, perhaps in shame at the butchery by Cumberland, the King's son, whose policy was give no quarter. Fallen soldiers were murdered where they lay wounded on the field. Of the English who attended the public executions in Carlisle and London, it is said that many turned away. It is hard to believe how savagely the Scots were treated in defeat during the alleged Age of Enlightenment, and historians who want to understand the causes of the American Revolution can look to the aftermath of this one battle and take note of the many Scots names who led America to independence.
Written by:
Cornelia W. Bush
Firstly wish you and your loved ones a very happy and prosperous new year 2025.
Yes I know it is a bit late, but I guess I can still say that till first half of January! 😇
Like last few years, this year we explored another beautiful south Asian country. We love to visit Asia during Christmas holiday. The weather stays stable and warm. Whereas around my home the weather stays pretty bad. And I always have opportunity to enjoy all those snow around February when the weather gets a bit more stable.
The destination this year was Sri Lanka. My god, I felt like the whole world is in Sri Lanka. It was so crowded. Some of these small towns were designed for probably 5% of the people ending up there and that creates a complete disaster. Traffic is a mess, prices are going up. Probably not bad for locals with lots of tourism business. But the actual charm of these tranquil are disappearing completely. On top, a lots of constructions are happening. I initially planned to visit Sri Lanka in 2015. But due to many reason, it was never executed. I wish I did that. It would have been much more authentic experience.
Anyway, when such situation comes, photographers turn to basics. Sunrise. Yes people are super excited about these places, but only few wants to wake up early in the morning in their holiday after all those late night drinks! 😄
That is the window kept as special for photographers. On top early morning produces a beautiful mist that transforms the landscape which is normally not the case late evening even though they both get the lovely soft warm light.
And for this image I didn't have to do much in the location, but the work was done more in advance. Location scouting. This was shot from the balcony of my hotel. And thanks to the modern connectivity I shoot that from my bed. Outside there were too much mosquito and the mosquito spray smells really bad. So I went out and setup the composition and connected the camera to a power source (external power bank). Because the Bluetooth operation drains a lot of battery. Then I came in the room and operated the camera from the bed using my iPad. Probably the most luxurious photo I have ever taken in my life. But if I could, why not!
As old habit I did all the setup even an hour before the sunrise. Don't ask me why. I do that all the time and here it was completely unnecessary. I still did it. The golden hour came in. The mist started rolling and finally the train arrived. Everything was perfect. Our last day at this location ended up being quite fruitful. I kept the shutter speed low as I wanted capture some movement of the train. But it goes so slow that the movement is not really visible. I guess it is still all right!
I have made a short film to record our journey to this incredible place; you may be interested in watching. Click here to get amazed with the beauty of this special country.
Please have a look at my website www.avisekhphotography.com for all my recent works.
Have a nice weekend.
Hope you will enjoy the picture.
Any suggestions or criticisms are always welcome.
The island was formerly known as Ruatan and Rattan. It is approximately 77 kilometres (48 mi) long, and less than 8 kilometres (5.0 mi) across at its widest point. The island consists of two municipalities: José Santos Guardiola in the east and Roatán, including the Cayos Cochinos, further south in the west.
The island rests on an exposed ancient coral reef, rising to about 270 metres (890 ft) above sea level. Offshore reefs offer opportunities for diving. Most habitation is in the western half of the island.
The most populous town of the island is Coxen Hole, capital of Roatán municipality, located in the southwest. West of Coxen Hole are the settlements of Gravel Bay, Flowers Bay and Pensacola on the south coast, and Sandy Bay, West End and West Bay on the north coast. To the east of Coxen Hole are the settlements of Mount Pleasant, French Harbour, Parrot Tree, Jonesville and Oakridge on the south coast, and Punta Gorda on the north coast.
The easternmost quarter of the island is separated by a channel through the mangroves that is 15 metres wide on average. This section is called Helene, or Santa Elena in Spanish. Satellite islands at the eastern end are Morat, Barbareta, and Pigeon Cay. Further west between French Harbour and Coxen Hole are several cays, including Stamp Cay and Barefoot Cay.
Located near the Mesoamerican Barrier Reef, the largest barrier reef in the Caribbean Sea (second largest worldwide after Australia's Great Barrier Reef), Roatán has become an important cruise ship, scuba diving and eco-tourism destination in Honduras. Tourism is its most important economic sector, though fishing is also an important source of income for islanders. Roatán is located within 40 miles of La Ceiba. The island is served by the Juan Manuel Gálvez Roatán International Airport and the Galaxy Wave Ferry service twice a day.
The Indians of the Bay Islands are believed to have been related to either the Paya, the Maya, the Lenca or the Jicaque, which were the tribes present on the mainland. Christopher Columbus on his fourth voyage (1502–1504) came to the islands as he visited the neighbouring Bay Island of Guanaja. Soon after, the Spanish began trading in the islands for slave labour. More devastating for the local Indians was exposure to Eurasian infectious diseases to which they had no immunity, such as smallpox and measles. No indigenous people survived the consequent epidemics
Throughout European colonial times, the Bay of Honduras attracted an array of individual settlers, pirates, traders and military forces. Various economic activities were engaged in and political struggles played out between the European powers, chiefly Britain and Spain. Sea travellers frequently stopped over at Roatán and the other islands as resting points. On several occasions, the islands were subject to military occupation. In contesting with the Spanish for colonisation of the Caribbean, the English occupied the Bay Islands on and off between 1550 and 1700. During this time, buccaneers found the vacated, mostly unprotected islands a haven for safe harbour and transport. English, French and Dutch pirates established settlements on the islands. They frequently raided the Spanish treasure ships, cargo vessels carrying gold and silver from the New World to Spain.
During the War of the Austrian Succession (King George's War in the US), a detachment of the British Army under Lt. Col John Caulfeild garrisoned the island from 1742 to 1749. The garrison was originally found from two companies of Gooch's Virginia Regiment, but these were eventually amalgamated into Trelawney's 49th Foot (later the 1st Royal Berkshire Regiment).
In 1797, the British defeated the Black Carib, who had been supported by the French, in a battle for control of the Windward Caribbean island of St. Vincent. Weary of their resistance to British plans for sugar plantations, the British rounded up the St. Vincent Black Carib and deported them to Roatán. The majority of Black Carib migrated to Trujillo on mainland Honduras, but a portion remained to found the community of Punta Gorda on the northern coast of Roatán. The Black Carib, whose ancestry includes Arawak and African Maroons, remained in Punta Gorda, becoming the Bay Island's first permanent post-Columbian settlers. They also migrated from there to parts of the northern coast of Central America, becoming the foundation of the modern-day Garífuna culture in Honduras, Belize and Guatemala.
The majority permanent population of Roatán originated from the Cayman Islands near Jamaica. They arrived in the 1830s shortly after Britain's abolition of slavery in 1838. The changes in the labour system disrupted the economic structure of the Caymans. The islands had a largely seafaring culture; natives were familiar with the area from turtle fishing and other activities. Former slaveholders from the Cayman Islands were among the first to settle in the seaside locations throughout primarily western Roatán. During the late 1830s and 1840s, former slaves also migrated from the Cayman Islands, in larger number than planters. All together, the former Cayman peoples became the largest cultural group on the island.
For a brief period in the 1850s, Britain declared the Bay Islands its colony. Within a decade, the Crown ceded the territory formally back to Honduras. British colonists were sent to compete for control. They asked American William Walker, a freebooter (filibuster) with a private army, to help end the crisis in 1860 by invading Honduras; he was captured upon landing in Trujillo and executed there.
In the latter half of the 19th century, the island populations grew steadily and established new settlements all over Roatán and the other islands. Settlers came from all over the world and played a part in shaping the cultural face of the island. Islanders started a fruit trade industry which became profitable. By the 1870s it was purchased by American interests, most notably the New Orleans and Bay Islands Fruit Company. Later the Standard Fruit and United Fruit companies became the foundation for modern-day fruit companies, the industry which led to Honduras being called a "banana republic".
In the 20th century, there was continued population growth resulting in increased economic changes and environmental challenges. A population boom began with an influx of Spanish-speaking Mestizo migrants from the Honduran mainland. Since the late 20th century, they tripled the previous resident population. Mestizo migrants settled primarily in the urban areas of Coxen Hole and Barrio Los Fuertes (near French Harbour). Even the mainlander influx was dwarfed in number and economic effects by the overwhelming tourist presence in the 21st century. Numerous American, Canadian, British, New Zealander, Australian and South African settlers and entrepreneurs engaged chiefly in the fishing industry, and later, provided the foundation for attracting the tourist trade.
In 1998, Roatán suffered some damage from Hurricane Mitch, temporarily paralysing most commercial activity. The storm also broke up the popular dive-wrecks Aguila and Odyssey.
Credit for the data above is given to the following websites:
English Queens, nobles and a trio of unfortunate Scottish soldiers are amongst the names commemorated on a new permanent memorial, unveiled at the Tower of London on September 4 2006.
Designed by British artist Brian Catling, the circular memorial focuses on the ten executions that have taken place on Tower Green, within the Royal castle’s walls. It is intended to remember all those executed over the years at the Tower - providing a focal point for contemplation, reflection and remembrance.
shot executed by pinhole Auloma Panorama 6x12, negative scanned by Canon EOS 1100D, film Fomapan 400
Mid-February 1696 a plot was to have been executed to kill the King by Jacobites vehemently opposed to the Glorious Revolution (1688) which had brought the Dutch stadtholder and his wife to the English Throne as William III (1650-1702) and Mary II (1677-1694). The plans were discovered, Orange prevailed, and the would-be assassins were made to feel the force of the law.
Mary had sadly died in 1694, so she probably wouldn't have seen these pretty Orange Canary Bell-Flowers which are attested for the gardens of their palace, Hampton Court in 1696.
Today our Bell-Flower is much beloved by gardeners around the Globe. But as endemic wild plants on the Canary Islands they are endangered. Environmental measures are being taken to protect them. William of Orange survived that plot by six years; it is hoped these Bell-Flowers have a longer wild future.
A very well executed US Specification Healy Fiesta rep with few giveaways of it being a replica other than the RHD set-up.
Modifications from GL include:
Federal bumpers
US spec rear lights (red turn signals!)
Escort MK2 Ghia front lamps
1.6 XR2 engine
US spec fuel filler cap and expansion tank
Custom steel front lower valance and arch extensions