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Beech T-6A Texan II on display at Patuxent River Naval Air Museum
© Jason Grant - All Rights Reserved unauthorized use is strictly prohibited.
Some background:
The Mitsubishi J2M Raiden (雷電, "Thunderbolt") was a single-engined land-based fighter aircraft used by the Imperial Japanese Navy Air Service in World War II. The Allied reporting name was "Jack".
The J2M was designed by Jiro Horikoshi, creator of the A6M Zero, to meet the 14-Shi (14th year of the Showa reign, or 1939) official specification. It was to be a strictly local-defense interceptor, intended to counter the threat of high-altitude bomber raids, and thus relied on speed, climb performance, and armament at the expense of manoeuvrability. The J2M was a sleek, but stubby craft with its oversized Mitsubishi Kasei engine buried behind a long cowling, cooled by an intake fan and connected to the propeller with an extension shaft.
Teething development problems stemming from the Kasei engine cooling system, and the main undercarriage members led to a slowdown in production. The first few produced J2M2s were delivered to the development units in December 1942 but severe problems were encountered with the engines. Trials and improvements took almost a year and the first batch of the serial built J2M2 Model 11 was delivered to 381st Kōkūtai in December 1943. Parallel with the J2M2, production of the J2M3 Raiden Model 21 started. The first J2M3s appeared in October 1943 but deliveries to combat units started at the beginning of February 1944.
Primarily designed to defend against the Boeing B-29 Superfortress, the type was handicapped at high altitude by the lack of a turbocharger. However, its four-cannon armament supplied effective firepower and the use of dive and zoom tactics allowed it to score occasionally. The Raiden made its combat debut in June 1944 during the Battle of the Philippine Sea. Several J2Ms operated from Guam and Saipan and a small number of aircraft were deployed to the Philippines. Later, some J2Ms were based in Chosen airfields, Genzan (Wonsan), Ranan (Nanam), Funei (Nuren), Rashin (Najin) and Konan under Genzan Ku, for defence of these areas and fighting against Soviet Naval Aviation units. Insufficient numbers and the American switch to night bombing in March 1945 limited its effectiveness.
A continual set of modifications resulted in new variants being introduced with the ultimate high-altitude variant, the J2M4 Model 34 flying for the first time in August 1944. It had a 1,420 hp Kasei 23c engine equipped with a turbo supercharger (mounted in the side of the fuselage just behind the engine) that allowed the rated power to be maintained up to 9,100 m (29,900 ft). Two upward-aimed, oblique-firing (aimed at seventy degrees) 20 mm cannons, mounted in the German Schräge Musik style, were fitted behind the cockpit with the four wing cannons retained. Unresolved difficulties with the turbo supercharger caused the project to be terminated after only two experimental J2M4s were built.
A few J2Ms survived the war. Two Raiden of the 381 Kōkūtai were captured in flightworthy condition at Johore in British Malaya and tested by the Allied Technical Air Intelligence Unit - Southeast Asia (ATAIU-SEA for short), a joint RAF-USAAF intelligence unit in charge of investigating Japanese aircraft capabilities. Tests were conducted in Singapore at RAF Seletar air base in late 1945, right after the end of hostilities in the Pacific theatre. The machines were evaluated by Japanese naval aviators under close supervision of RAF officers, and for the trials they received RAF roundels and new tactical codes, “BI-01” and “BI-02”, respectively.
Two other captured J2Ms were examined by the U.S. Technical Air Intelligence Command (TAIC), using 92 octane fuel plus methanol. One machine, an early J2M2 (“Jack11”) achieved a speed of 655 km/h (407 mph) at 5,520 m (17,400 ft), and the other one, a J2M3 (“Jack21”) even reached a top speed of 671 km/h (417 mph) at 4,980 m (16,600 ft).
General characteristics:
Crew: one, pilot
Length: 9.70 m (32 ft 8 in)
Wingspan: 10.80 m (35 ft 5 in)
Height: 3.81 m (13 ft 0 in)
Wing area: 20 m² (216 ft²)
Empty weight: 2,839 kg (6,259 lb)
Loaded weight: 3,211 kg (7,080 lb)
Powerplant:
1× Mitsubishi MK4R-A Kasei 23a 14-cylinder two-row radial engine, 1,379 kW (1,850 hp)
Performance:
Maximum speed: 596km/h (370 mph, 322kt)at 5.450m
Range: 1467 km (912 nmi, 795 mi)
Service ceiling: 11,430 m (37,500 ft)
Rate of climb: 1402 m/min (4,600 ft/min)
Wing loading: 174 kg/m² (35 lb/ft²)
Power/mass: 0.42 kW/kg (0.26 hp/lb)
Armament:
2x Type 99-2 inboard wing-mounted 20x101mmRB cannon with 190 rpg
2x Type 99-1 outboard wing-mounted 20x72mmRB cannon with 210 rpg
2× 60 kg (132 lb) bombs or 2 × 200 L (53 US gal) drop tanks under the outer wings,
or a single, larger drop tank under the fuselage
The kit and its assembly:
This is a real-world build, depicting one of the two J2Ms tested by the RAF in late 1945 at Seletar air base, and an entry to the “Opposites attract” contest of the Arawasi Wild Eagles blog in early 2018, covering warbirds from Japanese and Allied side carrying opposing markings.
The kit is the early Hasegawa kit of the J2M3 from 1977, with some cosmetic updates, based on the more detailed Hasegawa 1:48 kit of the J2M3 and taken from that kit's English language instructions for additional information, primarily concerning painting details (see below).
The old, 1:72 Hasegawa Raiden is primitive: the cockpit has only little detail (e. g. blank side walls, moulded side consoles without any surface detail, a single-piece canopy) and the landing gear is pretty basic, too (the wells are bleak, some struts are completely missing an part numbers were moulded into the inside of the covers!). But all these are just minor weaknesses, which were mended with improvisations through white glue, styrene bits and some thin wire - after all, much of this additional work cannot be seen inside of the finished kit.
Nevertheless, the overall fit of this old kit is surprisingly good and it features fine, recessed panel lines. Only little PSR work was necessary, it’s IMHO a very good model basis and basically a pleasant build.
Painting and markings:
The plan to build an ATAIU-SEA Raiden was settled from the start. The original plan was to re-create “BI-01”, but in the course of the build I eventually settled upon the less known “BI-02”, because the more information concerning its sister ships’ outer details I dug up from different sources, the more contradictive things became. Too much input is certainly not helpful!
“BI-01” is better known because it’s the machine you see in the foreground of the aircrafts’ most popular picture, showing both in flight in echelon formation (in B/W). Material for this machine in 1:72 scale is available to modelers through aftermarket decal sheets (PrintScale, MaxModels), and there’s even an OOB option in the form of a Hasegawa “Prisoners of War” kit (even though 1:48 scale), which lets you build “BI-01” or “BI-02” and also comes with the alternative decals for one of the American J2Ms in bare metal livery with “stars & bars”.
My build was based on the relatively new PrintScale decal sheet for the J2M which only allows to create “BI-01” – and a pair of wing roundels is completely missing! But, on the other side, the sheet is not pricey, and model kit building is much about DIY and creative solutions.
From this starting point, things went pretty straightforward, Since the captured aircraft retained its former IJN livery, things were relatively simple. But I wanted to create a worn and makeshift look, inspired by pictures of the ATAIU-SEA aircraft – they looked pretty shaggy!
The cockpit interior was painted in a guesstimate of Mitsubishi’s cockpit green, a mix of Humbrol 159 and 94. The landing gear wells became light grey – I did not use the ModelMaster IJN Grey used on the undersides (see below), but rather a very similar tone in order to create a subtle contrast.
The model’s painting process started with a primer coat of aluminum on the wings’ leading edges and on the fuselage. Next the uniform dark green was applied on the uppers surfaces. In order to come close to the IJN Green used by Mitsubishi, I used Modelmaster’s 2116 (IJN Green from the company’s Authentic line, a relatively dark tone), mixed a little FS 34092 (~3:1 ratio), for a brighter and less bluish hue. A
All paint was applied with a brush, and - on purpose - not 100% evenly, so that some of the aluminum below would still shine through. This effect was further enhanced and fine-tuned with thinner and careful “scrubbing” with a hard, flat brush in the fresh paint, trying to simulate chipped and worn areas. The anti glare panel was painted with a mix of Humbrol 33 and 77, for a dark blue-grey. On the lower surfaces, pure Modelmaster 2115 (IJN GREY) was used, but with less tuning effects.
Once the basic painting was done, I added overpainted hinomaru and other markings, done with RAF Dark Green on the upper and Sky on the lower surfaces – I am not certain whether the real aircraft were painted this way (again, information is corny), but I consider this practice to be plausible, since the ATAIU-SEA machines appear to have otherwise remained in their original colors?
At this stage the yellow ID bands on the wings’ leading edges were added – in a mix of paint (Revell 310, RAL 1028 a.k.a. Lufthansa Yellow, which comes IMHO close to the reddish original tone) and decal sheet.
In the next step, the surfaces received a thin black ink wash and a post-shading treatment through dry-brushing with lighter and uneven variations of the basic tones.
After some corrections and more fine-tuning the decals followed. Most of them came from the PrintScale sheet (beware, they have a VERY thin and have a wobbly carrier film that makes any handling hazardous!), and the missing RAF roundels under the wings came from the scrap box (they actually belong to a post-war Spitfire).
The tactical code was changed into “02 yellow” with more decal parts from the scrap box. This change of color is a courageous interpretation of the real aircrafts’ BW pics, which suggest that the individual aircraft numbers were painted in a slightly darker tone than the white “BI-“ in front of them. The PrintScale sheet suggests the same – and offers modelers the option to alternative use white or yellow numbers.
Once the decals were dry, some more dry-brushing with light grey and aluminum was done, and some panel lines across the markings added with a soft pencil.
Some details of the aircraft are speculative, though. This includes, for instance, the color of the spinner and the front of the propeller blades. The funny thing is that, after I finished the kit, I found photo footage of “BI-02” at Seletar, and it confirms my assumptions and guesses, e .g. the bare metal propeller blade front sides. The green spinner remains uncertain, though. ;-)
Towards the finish line some soot stains around the gun ports and the exhaust stubs were created with grinded graphite, and finally the kit was sealed with acrylic varnish (Italeri). I used a mix of matt and semi-gloss varnish in a roundabout 3:1 ratio, for a sheen finish. Some worn areas were treated with 100% matt varnish, though, adding to the worn look of the aircraft.
This POW J2M3 looks simple, but the painting process was a complex feat. But I am quite happy with the result and the impression the model leaves.
Manpower v. 7, no. 6 (June 1975). Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Labor, Manpower Administration, p. 4-9. SuDoc L 1.39/9:
A dashboard dial created by an artist during a session of Lucy Kimbell's Free Evaluation Service performance/service
Sample images taken with a Tamron 17-28mm f2.8 Di III RXD lens. If you find my reviews and samples useful, please treat me to a coffee at www.paypal.me/cameralabs
These samples and comparisons are part of my Tamron 17-28mm f2.8 review at:
Feel free to download the original images for evaluation on your own computer or printer, but please don't use them on another website or publication without permission from www.cameralabs.com/
A dashboard dial created by an artist during a session of Lucy Kimbell's Free Evaluation Service performance/service
I printed a sheet with several of the same model and started evaluating each of my current projects against it. It's an interesting exercise to go through.
I put the template up on my site if you want to use it (thanks to Rob for PDFing and adding a legend). Note: Credit to Jack Cheng for the original.
GRAFENWOEHR, Germany - 7th Signal Brigade Soldiers Spc. Ricky Barnes (right) and Staff Sgt. David Foster (left) evaluate a casualty during the team medical simulation poriton of U.S. Army Europe's 2013 Best Warrior Competition here, Aug. 21. The competition is a weeklong event that tests Soldiers’ physical stamina, leadership, technical knowledge and skill. Winners in the Soldier and Noncommissioned Officer categories of the USAREUR competition will go on to compete at the Department of the Army level. (U.S. Army photo by Sgt. Daniel Cole)
A dashboard dial created by an artist during a session of Lucy Kimbell's Free Evaluation Service performance/service
Cadets from Penn State ROTC participated in their PT evaluation, consisting of two minutes of push-ups, sit-ups and a two mile run on Aug. 30.
From left to right, Riccardo Polastro, DARA's Head of Evaluation, Ross Mountain, Director General of DARA, Dr. Abdulkareem Bin Si Ali, Makki Hamid and Martin Barber.
NASA began evaluating five habitat prototypes developed through NASA’s Next Space Exploration for Technologies Partnerships, or NextSTEP, to help engineers refine requirements for the design of an American-made deep space habitat for the Gateway. Lockheed Martin turned over its prototype to NASA, and testing began with crew on March 25, 2019, at Kennedy Space Center in Florida. Pictured inside the habitat prototype on March 26, 2019, from left are astronauts Stephanie Wilson, Shannon Walker and Raja Chari. Astronauts are participating in the evaluations to provide their perspectives as those who may one day live aboard the lunar outpost, which would be located about 250,000 miles from Earth. Ground prototypes developed by Bigelow Aerospace, Boeing, Northrop Grumman, and Sierra Nevada Corporation will be tested in the future at various facilities across the country. A sixth company, NanoRacks, plans to develop a prototype as well. Photo credit: NASA/Kim Shiflett
After the evaluation period Windows can damage your computer, this is propably reason of the Blue Screen of Death above.
A dashboard dial created by an artist during a session of Lucy Kimbell's Free Evaluation Service performance/service
Sample image taken with a Sony FE 85mm f1.4 GM mounted on a Sony Alpha A7r Mark II body. These samples and comparisons are part of my FE 85mm f1.4 GM review at:
www.cameralabs.com/sony-fe-85mm-f1-4-gm-review/
#SonyAlpha
Feel free to download the original image for evaluation on your own computer or printer, but please don't use it on another website or publication without permission from www.cameralabs.com/
A dashboard dial created by an artist during a session of Lucy Kimbell's Free Evaluation Service performance/service
Evaluation on KeyboardPlease feel free to use this image that I've created on your website or blog. If you do, I'd greatly appreciate a link back to my blog as the source: CreditDebitPro.com
Example: Photo by CreditDebitPro
Thanks!
Mike Lawrence
A Flight Medic receives her in flight medical evaluation in order to become a fully qualified flight medic.
A dashboard dial created by an artist during a session of Lucy Kimbell's Free Evaluation Service performance/service
This is the re-evaluation on 30 July 2024 after discussions with Nancy Lees of the Nesbitt Family. We agree this grouping is not Bell-Irving but Nesbitt. Both families connected by Marriage to MacBean.
The connection between the two families is the marriage of William MacBean 1870-1923 to Martha E Nesbitt. The location is almost certainly in Minnesota in the winter of 1909-10. Nancy has the same photo. The error in my original caption which remains below this script is that I received it in a bundle of papers from the MacBean / White archive in a package labelled Bell-Irving and tried to make it fit that family who had the cabins on Pasley island, Vancouver.
From Nancy Lees in July 2024 - - - "I think William H. Nesbitt 1893-1967 had a copy because he was in it. I am 99.9% sure he is the young man, second in from the right, standing next to his older brother Henry Nesbitt.
On the other side of William "Bill" H. Nesbitt, I think the woman is his Aunt Frances Nesbitt. She never married or had children. I saw letters Bill Nesbitt kept written to him from his Aunt Frances. I vaguely remember one from Frances where she wrote about a couple traveling around Scotland on a motorcycle. "
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Amended captioning in late Aug 2022 and again July 2024.
All below this point is correct concerning Bell-Irving, but WRONG about this photo, which is of the B-I related Macbean/ Nesbitt's. I have kept all below to guide those who may have copied it already.
*****************************************
Henry Ogle Bell Irving (2 = junior) and members of his family on Pasley island in Vancouver Sound, which he bought as a family summer retreat. The first cabin was built for Henry in the early 1920s. There after he had cabins built for all the 5 sons who survived WW1.
Henry stands on the left. He died from cancer age 75 on 19 Feb 31. He would be about 65 in this image.
Probably his 2nd son Lt Col Richard stands 2nd from left, looks like he is wearing his military issue RFC boots, last seen in the famous six fighting sons image of 1916. Richard ‘Dick’ BI was given control of his fathers main business after WW1 rather than Henry Beattie BI, who was not thought by his father to have enough business cut and thrust.
This image is not of Henry Ogles BI’s brother Dr Duncan Bell-Irving and his wife Ethel Hulbert (sometimes erroneously in records spelled Hujbert). Ethel was daughter of John Henville Hulbert, Solicitor. They had 5 children -Margaret, Duncan, Agnes, Dorothy and Robert.
Henry Ogle Bell Irving junior, also born in the year of his brother Duncan, 1856, emigrated via work on the CPR in the Rockies to Vancouver.
His mother, brother, and three sisters followed in the early 1880s. He was a civil engineer, architect, land and real estate speculator, salmon cannery monopolistic owner, 'Commission Agent’, and eventually multi millionaire.
He had bought Pasley Island in Vancouver Sound as a private rural retreat for his family in the early 1900s. It was frequently used, the large family yacht being used a ferry. It was a private island, visitors were discouraged. Eventually they erected cabins for 5 sons and families a tall flagpole, a tennis court, frazed a flock of sheep there, and created a landing stage. Duncan in later years used to fly his post WW2 float plane out to the island, it is said to deliver ice cream.
The connection that makes this image interesting to is that Duncan and Henry’s mother was Williamina MacBean who married Henry Ogle Bell Irving 1 They occupied the house at Milkburn, Dumfriesshire where Lachlan MacBean 10th of Tomatin was married. Henry Ogle Bell Irving (senior) died in his forties in Antrim, in circumstances not yet researched.
Williamina with financial difficulties appears to have leased the grand old house and estate to a cousin. It was then sold to another cousin who had been a successful Bombay banker in the Raj in India. He spent an absolute fortune on building a palatial new house. He enjoyed it only for a short period before dying. The house was de-roofed after WW2 for tax avoidance reasons, so rapidly after his death became ruined. It is now is favourite destination for photographers interested in dilapidated grandiose old homes and detailed Italian mosaic floors.
Henry (junior) had married Maria Isabel del Carmen Beattie, whose father had been Vice Consul in Cuba and was drowned at sea there. The Beattie family were originally and also like the Bell Irving family, farmers from Dumfriesshire. They bought an estate near Torbay, England. Henry junior kept a house near Torbay as a base when Mick, Duncan and Aeneas attended Loretto School, Musselburgh, Edinburgh.
After the death of her husband and having left old Milkbank house and estate , Williamina emigrated to Canada buying a property which she named ‘Bonny Blink’ between Calgary and Banff in the Canadian Rockies.
Both her sons, Dr Duncan and Henry Ogle had previously emigrated , Duncan as early as 1883, and were well established in Vancouver.
The man on the left with the cheroot, looks like Henry. One can speculate who the others are, and to which generations they belong.
This cabin would appear to be a summer dwelling. It is quite possibly spring as there has been a melt, very little snow on the trees , well trodden footsteps on the ground, the cabin has no chimney. So probably not an over wintering destination.
We have photos of the very grand large homes that both of the brothers owned and we know the addresses also in old Vancouver City. So this looks like a day outing with the skis with rudimentary Nordic heel lift bindings for touring and the ladies with snow shoes. I have a set of such skis from about the same time on my well here.
There must have been a fire hearth or range inside as the youngest boy holds a large kettle, for hots drinks or perhaps dispensing ‘grog’.
Williamina (1826-1906) was the eldest daughter of Duncan 7th of Tomatin. Her husband died in 1864, and she did not marry again. She gave birth to 14 children. She is buried in Alberta. The two brothers and families were resident and died in Vancouver and are intered in the Mountain View Cemetery.
So in this element of the family, the MacBean surname name being on the female side , does not continue. Yet the forenames Duncan, Aeneas and Adriana long established over centuries in the Macbean Clan repeated re-occur from this point onwards.
The Adriana name originates in St Eustatius in the Dutch West indies with Adriana Heyliger grandaughter of the Dutch Governor, who married Thomas Moore very much against her mothers wishes. Adriana’s planned intended husband was an elderly very rich Scottish merchant, Charles Hagart (1740-1813). Adriana’s widowed mother Elizebeth nee Molineux, thought the opportunity too good to miss and married Charles Hagart herself.
I don't believe Williamina (died 1906) is in this image.
Henry had made the most substantial part of his fortune from processing and selling of canned fish for export. He bought 9 separate canneries in the 1880s to create a virtual salmon supply monopoly. The cash for the purchases came from his cousins.
Initially he had his own ship for import and export through Vancouver, and used the newly opened Panama Canal to shorten the distance and costs to Britain.
Image with permission, from the family archives of Irene White.
Restored June 2022 by David Geddes.
Copyright: Irene White.
The procession ceremony for a new nun, admitted to the cloister (behind the half door)….
The “novice” graduates from a white veil to a black veil.
It is the morning of October 31.
After this photo, her family members hug her for the last time. From now on, they will get to see her twice a year, and that will be through a screened window into the cloister.
Bård Glad-Pedersen på seminar hos Norad i forbindelse med lanseringen av evalueringsrapporten: "Can We Demonstrate the Difference that Norwegian Aid Makes?"
Foto: Terje Fjeldsgård Andersen/Norad
SAN DIEGO (Sept. 10, 2020) – Vice Adm. Roy Kitchener, Commander, Naval Surface Force, U.S. Pacific Fleet, speaks to Capt. Gary L. Cave, commanding officer of the guided-missile destroyer USS Zumwalt (DDG 1000), during Vice Adm. Kitchener’s tour of the ship. During the visit, Kitchener evaluated Zumwalt’s current state of readiness and met with Sailors. (U.S. Navy photo by Mass Communication Specialist 3rd Class Kevin C. Leitner)
Local Accession Number: 06_11_004618
Title: Reclining woman
Genre: Stereographs; Photomechanical prints
Date issued: 1850-1920 (approximate)
Physical description: 1 photomechanical print on stereo card : halftone, color ; 9 x 18 cm.
General notes: Title supplied by cataloger.; No. R 1598.
Date notes: Date supplied by cataloger.
Subjects: Bedrooms; Glamour photographs; Accessories (Clothing & dress)
Collection: Harper Stereograph Collection
Location: Boston Public Library, Print Department
Shelf locator: Two women set - 21 cards
Rights: Rights status not evaluated