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Ceremony of Glen Cinema Memorial entitled Rattle Little Mother at Dunn Square Paisley.
Location Of Names On Rattle Little Mother, Glen Cinema Memorial
Front “ To The Children Of The Glen Cinema “
Left Panel as you face front of memorial which faces in the direction of the Piazza “ Elizabeth Leonard - Samuel McBlane - Sarah McCafferty - Robert McConnell - Nellie McCran - Minnie McCran - Edward McEnhill - Margaret McEnhill - James McEnhill - Denis McGarrity - Robert McGirr - Jeanie McGrattan - Mary McWattie - Margaret Morrow - Robert Niven - Georgina Peacock - Tom Perkins - John Pinkerton - William Pinkerton - Alexander Telfer - William Rae - Thomas Renfrew - George Scott - William Spears - Jane Stevenson - Robert Wingate.
Back of Memorial which faces Paisley Town Hall “ James Gielty - John Gielty - Norman Gillies - John Goodwin - Henry Green - Mary Green - Archibald Grogan - Annie Hamilton - George Hammond “ 31 December 1929 “ Elizabeth Hart - Peter Houston - Thomas Howard - Julia Irvine - William Irvine - Thomas Jackson - James Johnston - George Kennedy - Helen Kilkie - Thomas Kilkie.
Right panel as you face front of memorial which faces towards Forbes Place “ Robert Adams - Robert Alexander - John Bell - William Black - Hugh Blue - John Bowes - David Boyd - Caroline Brain - Lily Buchanan - John Cairns - Daniel Corbett - Elizabeth Corrigan - Agnes Coyle - Robert Craig - Francis Curran - Elizabeth Dempster - Leah Dixon - Mary Dolan - George Elliott - Henry Elliott - Bessie Finlay - Enso Fiori - Janet Fitch - William Fitch - James Gatherer - Margaret Gibson.
N.B All lettering in gold except from “ 31 December 1929 “ on rear of memorial which is in black, both sides contain 26 names whilst there is 19 names on the bac
A cultural event entitled “ASEAN @ 50 – Intellectual Property, Innovation and Development” featuring innovations from the bloc’s ten member countries and musical and dance performances was held on the sidelines of the Assemblies of WIPO Member States, which met from October 2-11, 2017. WIPO co-organized the event with the Association of South East Asian Nations (ASEAN) to mark the Organization’s 50th anniversary.
Copyright: WIPO. Photo: Violaine Martin. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 IGO License.
From my set entitled “The Air Crew”
www.flickr.com/photos/organize/
In my collection entitled “Uncle Bill Watson”
www.flickr.com/photos/21861018@N00/collections/7215760783...
In my photostream
www.flickr.com/photos/21861018@N00/
Hi, All:
I’m back for a day or two. While I was down, I started work on pulling my Uncle Bill’s story together. I have so much stuff. I’ve scanned almost thirty of his letters home. I’ve also scanned letters from my grandmother to Bill, miscellaneous documents, a moving account of Bill’s memorial service, a letter from the chaplain who buried him in Chester and letters to my grandparents from the parents of Bill’s flight crew. The boys died when the Wellington bomber in which they were training ditched into the Irish sea during a training mission.
In January, I will be going to Archives Canada in Ottawa to pull the files on the whole flight crew, as well as the second world war records pertaining to Bill’s friend, Cam Devine, my father, Herb Barber, and Karen’s father, George Pepper. I will also pull the first world war files for my uncles, John and Art Barber, and my great uncle, Wilbert MacDonald. It’ll take a few days of research to go through all the files. I pulled the records for Bill and his crew once before…in early 2003. At that time I photocopied quite a few records, but there are more I should have obtained.
This set of pictures were taken at #1Y Depot in Halifax, just before each of the boys shipped overseas at various times early in 1944. They still hadn’t met each other at this point, and would not meet until they crewed up in May, 1944. These images are photocopies of originals which are in Ottawa. I will try to have the originals duplicated in high quality when I go to the archives.
You’ll see the boys’ formal photos in the flight crew link given above. What a difference.
Over the next month or so, I will post the letters and documents. I think you will find them an interesting account of life in the early 1940s. Bill did a lot of things in a matter of eight or nine months.
I hope you are transported by his story as I was.
Larry was born in Winnipeg, Manitoba, on January 23, 1924. His father was Roy Cuthbert Carter, and his mother was Josephine Stovel. He was one of the best educated of the crew, having achieved his senior matriculation (grade 12). He enjoyed hockey, football and track
Larry enlisted at Windsor, Ontario, on May 20, 1942. His first station was at
#5 Manning Depot in Lachine, Quebec, where he learned military discipline, aviation basics, regulations, history, and navigation. Between courses he engaged in endless drills and weapon-handling exercises.
At #3 Initial Training School, Victoriaville, Quebec, it was found that Larry had the aptitude to be a bomber pilot. He was tested on a LINK flight simulator, which was a grueling test of one’s capabilities.
While attending #11 Elementary Flying Training School at Cap de la Madelaine, Quebec, Larry flew De Havilland Moth and Fairey Fleet training aircraft.
At #5 Special Service Flying School in Brantford, Ontario, Larry trained in Avro Ansons (known as the ‘greenhouse’ because of its wrap-around cockpit).
Larry was awarded his pilot’s badge on January 10, 1943. On October 22, 1943, he embarked from Halifax, and disembarked in Britain on October 30, 1943.
Upon arriving in Britain, he was first stationed at No. 3 Personnel Reception Centre in Bournemouth, Dorset, while waiting for openings to become available at advanced training units.
I’m a little bit sketchy concerning his precise training at 26 Elementary Flying Training School at Theale in Berkshire, RAF Gaydon in Warwickshire, 14 (P) AFU at Ossington in Nottinghamshire and Dallachy, Moray, Scotland.
At 83OTU Peplow, he trained on Wellington bombers, and it was here he was killed on a night training mission, July 22/23, 1944.
The commanding officer at Victoriaville found him to be “… a bright-eyed youngster with excellent Service Spirit. [He is ] very anxious to make good as any part of aircrew. Working very hard. [He] is keen, well-disciplined and should do well as captain of an aircraft”
Larry’s body was recovered from the sea east of Afonwen Junction, Caernarvonshire, on August 4, 1944, and he was buried at Blacon cemetery in Chester, on August 4, 1944
Technical panel entitled "On-Site Insight! Technical SEO Advice from the
Pros", including presentations from:
Aaron Kahlow - Top 10 Technical SEO Recommendations
moderated by Sean McMahon
copyright © 2009 sean dreilinger
view slide: avoid maverick coding practices - on-site insight! technical seo advice from the pros - sempdx searchfest 2009 - _MG_9358 on a black background.
The current edifice rises over a pre-existing 5th century Palaeo-Christian church entitled to Sts. Peter and Paul, built by order of St. Amantius of Como, third bishop of the city. Erected c. 1 km outside the city's walls, it was intended to house several relics of the two saints which Amantius had brought from Rome.
The basilica acted as bishop's seat until 1007. Six years later bishop Alberic moved the seat within the walls. The basilica was then entrusted to the Benedictines who, between 1050 and 1095, rebuilt it in Romanesque style. The new edifice was dedicated to Amantius' successor, Abundius. The structures of the Palaeo-Christian church, discovered in 1863 during a restoration, are still marked by black and pale marble stones in the pavement.
The new basilica had a nave and four aisles. It was consecrated by pope Urban II on June 3, 1095.
The church has two notable belltowers rising at the end of the external aisles, in the middle of the nave. The sober façade, once preceded by a portico, has seven windows and a portal. Notable is the external decoration of the choir's windows. There are also Romanesque bas-reliefs and, in the apse, a notable cycle of mid-14th century frescoes. Under the high altar are the Abundius' relics.
The medieval monastery annexed to the church, recently restored, will act as the seat of the local faculty of Jurisprudence of the University of Insubria
The Economic Puzzle
Matter of Debate: Is America Suffering From an Entitlement Epidemic?
10:20 am - 11:20 am MDT on Saturday, June 29, 2013
One of the country’s foremost demographers, Nicholas Eberstadt studies the astonishing growth of entitlement spending and details the enormous economic and cultural costs of this epidemic. Leading political theorists, William Galston questions Eberstadt’s conclusions about the corrosive effect of entitlements on character and offers his own analysis of the impact of American entitlement growth. Presented by Booz Allen Hamilton
William A. Galston Chrystia Freeland Douglas Holtz-Eakin
Kresge Building, Hines Room
I entitle this picture, "DP and his crew" even though this crew isn't mine. I just happen to be in the center of this picture with a ridiculous zombie pose that doesn't make any sense.
Four brothers Billy, 17, Charlie 15, Rafferty 13, and Laurie 12 make up The Entitled Sons. The band name is a cheeky reference to how they felt some TV viewers would describe their upbringing after seeing them on their mum, Sarah Beeny's, latest TV show.
Debuting their first song "Break" on the TV show in the local pub near Bruton, it was only a few days later that they found themselves in the iTunes top 10, ahead of the likes of Ed Sheeran, Elton John, Dua Lipa and Years & Years.
The Genesis Foundation's 6th Annual Fundraiser lunch entitled “CEOs Share a Smile”.
Saturday, September 4, 2010 at ITC Windsor Hotel, Bangalore
Star Chefs:
Paolo Lanzarotti, Managing Director, SABmiller
Dr Madhusudan V Atre, President & Mg Director, Applied Materials
B J Arun, Founder & Chairman, California Digital
Himanshu Kohli, Founder & Partner, Client Associates
Kanwaljit Singh, Managing Director, Helion Ventures
Parvathy Omnakuttan, GF Brand Ambassador, (Miss India 2008 & 1st runner-up Miss World 2008)
Sajai Singh, Partner, J. Sagar Associates
Rajesh Rao, CEO, Dhruva Interactive
Sandhya Vasudevan, Managing Director, Thomson Reuters
Giridhar G.V Chief Operating Officer, Ernst & Young
Rekha Menon, Executive Director, Accenture
Gopichand Katragadda, Senior General Manager, GE Energy
Principal Coordinator:
Miecckey Bharrucha (Ms)
Genesis Foundation
c/o K & S Partners, 109, Sector 44, Gurgaon 122 003, Haryana, India
miecckey.bharrucha@genesis-foundation.net
Photographer:
Joseph Cairns,
joseph@depthoffield.co.in
From my set entitled “Lysimachia”
www.flickr.com/photos/21861018@N00/sets/72157607186446572/
In my collection entitled “The Garden”
www.flickr.com/photos/21861018@N00/collections/7215760718...
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lysimachia
Lysimachia is a genus of flowering plants. It is traditionally classified in the family Primulaceae but should, according to molecular phylogenetic study, be placed to the family Myrsinaceae
Lysimachia species often have yellow flowers, and grow vigorously. They tend to grow in damp conditions. Several species within Lysimachia are commonly called loosestrife, although this name is also used for plants within the genus Lythrum.
Lysimachia species are used as food plants by the larvae of some butterflies and moths, including the Dot Moth, Grey Pug, Lime-speck Pug, Small Angle Shades and V-pug.
This is the artwork for the Fall Spiritual Campaign entitled "FOCUS" at Four Corners Church.
This is our first time trying a "Campaign" to get the whole church in-line with one topic (kids through small groups) for the month of October. We're going to be focusing on the words of Jesus on the Sermon on the Mount. Everyone involved receives an 80+ page book with devotionals, resources, explorations, etc.
Wiseacre and I toyed with numerous designs but we wanted the cover to have the potential of multiple reads instead of something just a simple "one read".
Here's a description of the series:
In this season of politics where all parties promise us a new and different world than our current reality, what really can offer us change we can believe in? What if our world riddled with poverty, financial chaos and uncertainty became a place of purpose, hope and meaning? It’s closer than you think. During this spiritual campaign from October 5-26, we’re going to FOCUS on Jesus’ words thousands of years ago that have the potential to change everything here and now.
School of Pharmacy, Hajvery University has organized a very knowledge worthy and successful one day scientific conference entitled “International Conference on Pharmaceutics and Neuropharmacology” on 24th April 2013 in collaboration with Department of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, UK and Pakistan Pharmacist Association. Funding body for this entire event was PPQP, National Talent Pool, Ministry of Education and Training, Government of Pakistan. In this conference, Hajvery University has brought together not only pharmacist community of Pakistan but also doctors. It has provided a platform to them to interact with each other for amelioration of health status of people. Two international and twenty national speakers has shared their original research work and their personal experiences with audience. International speakers from university of Cambridge, UK (Dr. Sohail Ejaz) and University of Eastern Philipine (Prof. Dr. Gerry Armor Camer) and national speakers from Hajvery University Lahore, University of Punjab Lahore, UVAS Lahore, University of Lahore, Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital and Research Center Lahore, University of South Asia Lahore, Lahore College for Women University Lahore, Bhauddin Zakria University Multan and Islamia University Bahawalpur have presented their papers which is a record number of presenters, presenting their research work in a single day conference. A handsome number of participants from medical and health field have attended and highly appreciated the event management and Hajvery University in their remarks. This was an enormous International Conference in which Pharmaceutical industries were invited for the exhibition to promote their products and new research inventions which has contributed towards the awareness of community. Hajvery University (HU) is one of the leading Universities in Pakistan. HU is Chartered by Govt. Of Pakistan, Accredited by Higher Education Commission of Pakistan (HEC) and rated W category. HU is a progressive, Student Centric University, focused on offering rigorous, market driven courses in Business, Fashion, Engineering, Computer sciences, Textile Design, Media Studies, Economics, Commerce, Pharmacy & English For details: Web: www.hup.edu.pk, UAN: 042-111-777-007 Email: info@hup.edu.pk
New Deal mural entitled "The Fertile Land Remembers" painted in 1938 by Louise Harrington Emerson Ronnebeck. It was originally installed in the Worland Wyoming post office but moved to Casper when the Worland post office moved to new quarters.
Historic plaque:
www.flickr.com/photos/auvet/5040652136/in/photolist-JQzCT...
New Deal mural entitled "A Massachusetts Countryside" painted by Jean Watson in 1940.
The mural was removed from the old post office in 1986 when a new one was completed. It hung in the town hall until 1990 but during renovations of the town hall was actually placed in the trash by the contractors. The president of the historical society saved the mural from the trash and has stored the mural in the attic of his shop since 1990. The mural was not well received in Stoughton due to it's content having nothing to do with the local "countryside".
Ceremony of Glen Cinema Memorial entitled Rattle Little Mother at Dunn Square Paisley.
Location Of Names On Rattle Little Mother, Glen Cinema Memorial
Front “ To The Children Of The Glen Cinema “
Left Panel as you face front of memorial which faces in the direction of the Piazza “ Elizabeth Leonard - Samuel McBlane - Sarah McCafferty - Robert McConnell - Nellie McCran - Minnie McCran - Edward McEnhill - Margaret McEnhill - James McEnhill - Denis McGarrity - Robert McGirr - Jeanie McGrattan - Mary McWattie - Margaret Morrow - Robert Niven - Georgina Peacock - Tom Perkins - John Pinkerton - William Pinkerton - Alexander Telfer - William Rae - Thomas Renfrew - George Scott - William Spears - Jane Stevenson - Robert Wingate.
Back of Memorial which faces Paisley Town Hall “ James Gielty - John Gielty - Norman Gillies - John Goodwin - Henry Green - Mary Green - Archibald Grogan - Annie Hamilton - George Hammond “ 31 December 1929 “ Elizabeth Hart - Peter Houston - Thomas Howard - Julia Irvine - William Irvine - Thomas Jackson - James Johnston - George Kennedy - Helen Kilkie - Thomas Kilkie.
Right panel as you face front of memorial which faces towards Forbes Place “ Robert Adams - Robert Alexander - John Bell - William Black - Hugh Blue - John Bowes - David Boyd - Caroline Brain - Lily Buchanan - John Cairns - Daniel Corbett - Elizabeth Corrigan - Agnes Coyle - Robert Craig - Francis Curran - Elizabeth Dempster - Leah Dixon - Mary Dolan - George Elliott - Henry Elliott - Bessie Finlay - Enso Fiori - Janet Fitch - William Fitch - James Gatherer - Margaret Gibson.
N.B All lettering in gold except from “ 31 December 1929 “ on rear of memorial which is in black, both sides contain 26 names whilst there is 19 names on the bac
Ingrid Nilsson grew up in London, a Swedish father the origin of her Scandinavian name. Travels to Scotland in her childhood paved the way for her move there in the mid nineties. For the last fifteen years Ingrid has been based in Edinburgh, exhibiting locally and in England. *
Find out more about Ingrid by visiting her website www.ingridnilsson.co.uk and see what she has been recently working on !
*(extract/info. from Ingrid Nilsson Biography on her website)
Metal to the Petal
:::::::::::: The ReMix
I love Valentine's Day. In a post entitled, "Happy Valentine's Day Kinda,"
I chronicled my musings regarding this day of love.
I always create a project for my soon to be wife during every major holiday. All are listed on my blog. Valentine's day is no exception.
"Metal to the Petal" is my attempt at to merge amore' (that's love) and ThriftStoreRemixology. I hope to give my Valentine's day gift an industrial design feel.
Every part has a metallic industrial look.
It is a simple concept, spray paint dead flowers, that I am still exploring and developing. I hope you love it.
Derrick Douglass :::: Chief Remixologist
www.thriftstoreremix.wordpress.com
:::::::::::: ReMix StEpS
This project was simple and easy to complete. I took dead roses and spray painted them a bronze color. Next I wrapped them in a metal colored foil to took from a discarded Poinsettia Christmas planter. Last, to in keeping with the industrial theme, I wrapped the flowers with a hose clamp in keeping with the project industrial design.
::::::Fin
St Mary’s is the island’s parish church and the most active. It is open daily from 11am to 4pm for visits and private prayer.
The church is the oldest building on the island and includes sections from the Saxon period, most notably the Saxon arch.
The church is home to a magnificent elm sculpture carved by Fenwick Lawson, entitled The Journey. It depicts hooded monks carrying St Cuthbert’s coffin when they left the island in 875. Two twentieth century windows celebrate Aidan and Cuthbert.
Lindisfarne, also called Holy Island, is a tidal island off the northeast coast of England, which constitutes the civil parish of Holy Island in Northumberland. Holy Island has a recorded history from the 6th century AD; it was an important centre of Celtic Christianity under Saints Aidan of Lindisfarne, Cuthbert, Eadfrith of Lindisfarne and Eadberht of Lindisfarne. After the Viking invasions and the Norman conquest of England, a priory was re-established. A small castle was built on the island in 1550.
The north-east of England was largely not settled by Roman civilians apart from the Tyne valley and Hadrian's Wall. The area had been little affected during the centuries of nominal Roman occupation. The countryside had been subject to raids from both Scots and Picts and was "not one to attract early Germanic settlement". The Anglian King Ida (reigned from 547) started the sea-borne settlement of the coast, establishing an urbis regia (meaning "royal settlement") at Bamburgh across the bay from Lindisfarne. The conquest was not straightforward, however. The Historia Brittonum recounts how, in the 6th century, Urien, prince of Rheged, with a coalition of North Brittonic kingdoms, besieged Angles led by Theodric of Bernicia on the island for three days and nights, until internal power struggles led to the Britons' defeat.
The monastery of Lindisfarne was founded around 634 by Irish monk Saint Aidan, who had been sent from Iona off the west coast of Scotland to Northumbria at the request of King Oswald. The priory was founded before the end of 634 and Aidan remained there until his death in 651. The priory remained the only seat of a bishopric in Northumbria for nearly thirty years. Finan (bishop 651–661) built a timber church "suitable for a bishop's seat". St Bede, however, was critical of the fact that the church was not built of stone but only of hewn oak thatched with reeds. A later bishop, Eadbert, removed the thatch and covered both walls and roof in lead. An abbot, who could be the bishop, was elected by the brethren and led the community. Bede comments on this:
And let no one be surprised that, though we have said above that in this island of Lindisfarne, small as it is, there is found the seat of a bishop, now we say also that it is the home of an abbot and monks; for it actually is so. For one and the same dwelling-place of the servants of God holds both; and indeed all are monks. Aidan, who was the first bishop of this place, was a monk and always lived according to monastic rule together with all his followers. Hence all the bishops of that place up to the present time exercise their episcopal functions in such a way that the abbot, who they themselves have chosen by the advice of the brethren, rules the monastery; and all the priests, deacons, singers and readers and other ecclesiastical grades, together with the bishop himself, keep the monastic rule in all things.
Lindisfarne became the base for Christian evangelism in the North of England, and also sent a successful mission to Mercia. Monks from the Irish community of Iona settled on the island. Northumbria's patron saint, Saint Cuthbert, was a monk and later abbot of the monastery, and his miracles and life are recorded by the Venerable Bede. Cuthbert later became Bishop of Lindisfarne. An anonymous life of Cuthbert written at Lindisfarne is the oldest extant piece of English historical writing. From its reference to "Aldfrith, who now reigns peacefully", it is considered to date to between 685 and 704. Cuthbert was buried here, his remains later translated to Durham Cathedral (along with the relics of Saint Eadfrith of Lindisfarne). Eadberht of Lindisfarne, the next bishop (and later saint), was buried in the place from which Cuthbert's body was exhumed earlier the same year.
Cuthbert's body was carried with the monks, eventually settling in Chester-le-Street before a final move to Durham. The saint's shrine was the major pilgrimage centre for much of the region until its despoliation by Henry VIII's commissioners in 1539 or 1540. The grave was preserved, however, and when opened in 1827 yielded a number of artefacts dating back to Lindisfarne. The innermost of three coffins was of incised wood, the only decorated wood to survive from the period. It shows Jesus surrounded by the Four Evangelists. Within the coffin was a pectoral cross measuring 6.4 centimetres (2.5 in) across, made of gold and mounted with garnets and intricate designs; a comb, made of elephant ivory, was also found, an item that would have been exceedingly rare and expensive in Northern England, as well as an embossed, silver-covered travelling altar, all of which were contemporary with the original burial on the island. The most impressive find within the coffins was a gospel (known as the St Cuthbert Gospel or Stonyhurst Gospel from its association with Stonyhurst College): the manuscript, a relatively early and likely original one, was bound with embossed leather. When the body was placed in the shrine in 1104, other items were removed: a paten, scissors and a chalice of gold and onyx.
Following Finian's death, Colman became Bishop of Lindisfarne. Up to this point the Northumbrian (and latterly Mercian) churches had looked to Lindisfarne as the mother church. There were significant liturgical and theological differences with the fledgling Roman party based at Canterbury. According to Stenton: "There is no trace of any intercourse between these bishops [the Mercians] and the see of Canterbury". The Synod of Whitby in 663 changed this, as allegiance switched southwards to Canterbury and then to Rome. Colman departed his see for Iona, and Lindisfarne no longer held its previous importance.
In 735, the northern ecclesiastical province of England was established, with the archbishopric at York. There were only three bishops under York: Hexham, Lindisfarne and Whithorn, whereas Canterbury had the 12 envisaged by St Augustine. The Diocese of York roughly encompassed the counties of Yorkshire and Lancashire. Hexham covered County Durham and the southern part of Northumberland up to the River Coquet, and eastwards into the Pennines. Whithorn covered most of Dumfries and Galloway region west of Dumfries itself. The remainder, Cumbria, northern Northumbria, Lothian and much of the Kingdom of Strathclyde formed the diocese of Lindisfarne.
In 737, Saint Ceolwulf of Northumbria abdicated as King of Northumbria and entered the priory at Lindisfarne. He died in 764 and was buried alongside Cuthbert. In 830, his body was moved to Norham-upon-Tweed, and later his head was translated to Durham Cathedral.
Lindisfarne Gospels
Main article: Lindisfarne Gospels
At some point in the early 8th century the illuminated manuscript known as the Lindisfarne Gospels, an illustrated Latin copy of the Gospels of Matthew, Mark, Luke and John, was made, probably at Lindisfarne. The artist was possibly Eadfrith, who later became Bishop of Lindisfarne. It is also speculated that a team of illuminators and calligraphers (monks of Lindisfarne Priory) worked on the text, but if so, their identities are unknown. Some time in the second half of the 10th century, a monk named Aldred added an Anglo-Saxon (Old English) gloss to the Latin text, producing the earliest surviving Old English copies of the Gospels. Aldred attributed the original to Eadfrith (bishop 698–721). The Gospels were written with a good hand, but it is the illustrations, done in an insular style containing a fusion of Celtic, Germanic and Roman elements, that are considered to be of the most value. According to Aldred, Eadfrith's successor Æthelwald was responsible for pressing and binding the book, before it was covered with a fine metal case made by a hermit known as Billfrith. The Lindisfarne Gospels now reside in the British Library in London, a location which has caused some controversy amongst some Northumbrians. In 1971, professor Suzanne Kaufman of Rockford, Illinois presented a facsimile copy of the Gospels to the clergy of the island.
In 793, a Viking raid on Lindisfarne caused much consternation throughout the Christian west, and is now often taken as the beginning of the Viking Age. There had been some other Viking raids, but according to English Heritage this one was particularly significant, because "it attacked the sacred heart of the Northumbrian kingdom, desecrating 'the very place where the Christian religion began in our nation'". The D and E versions of the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle record:
Her wæron reðe forebecna cumene ofer Norðhymbra land, ⁊ þæt folc earmlic bregdon, þæt wæron ormete þodenas ⁊ ligrescas, ⁊ fyrenne dracan wæron gesewene on þam lifte fleogende. Þam tacnum sona fyligde mycel hunger, ⁊ litel æfter þam, þæs ilcan geares on .vi. Idus Ianuarii, earmlice hæþenra manna hergunc adilegode Godes cyrican in Lindisfarnaee þurh hreaflac ⁊ mansliht.
("In this year fierce, foreboding omens came over the land of the Northumbrians, and the wretched people shook; there were excessive whirlwinds, lightning, and fiery dragons were seen flying in the sky. These signs were followed by great famine, and a little after those, that same year on 6th ides of January, the ravaging of wretched heathen men destroyed God's church at Lindisfarne.")
The generally accepted date for the Viking raid on Lindisfarne is 8 June; Michael Swanton writes: "vi id Ianr, presumably [is] an error for vi id Iun (8 June) which is the date given by the Annals of Lindisfarne (p. 505), when better sailing weather would favour coastal raids."
Alcuin, a Northumbrian scholar in Charlemagne's court at the time, wrote: "Never before has such terror appeared in Britain as we have now suffered from a pagan race ... The heathens poured out the blood of saints around the altar, and trampled on the bodies of saints in the temple of God, like dung in the streets."
During the attack many of the monks were killed, or captured and enslaved. As the English population became more settled, they seemed to have turned their back on the sea. Many monasteries were established on islands, peninsulas, river mouths and cliffs, as isolated communities were less susceptible to interference and the politics of the heartland. These preliminary raids, despite their brutal nature, were not followed up. The main body of the raiders passed north around Scotland. The 9th century invasions came not from Norway, but from the Danes from around the entrance to the Baltic. The first Danish raids into England were in the Isle of Sheppey, Kent during 835 and from there their influence spread north. During this period religious art continued to flourish on Lindisfarne, and the Liber Vitae of Durham began in the priory. By 866, the Danes were in York, and in 873 the army was moving into Northumberland. With the collapse of the Northumbrian kingdom, the monks of Lindisfarne fled the island in 875 taking with them St Cuthbert's bones (which are now buried at the cathedral in Durham), who during his life had been prior and bishop of Lindisfarne; his body was buried on the island in the year 698.
Prior to the 9th century, Lindisfarne Priory had, in common with other such establishments, held large tracts of land which were managed directly or leased to farmers with a life interest only. Following the Danish occupation, land was increasingly owned by individuals, and could be bought, sold and inherited. Following the Battle of Corbridge in 914 Ragnald seized the land giving some to his followers Scula and Onlafbal.
William of St Calais, the first Norman Bishop of Durham, endowed his new Benedictine monastery at Durham with land and property in Northumberland, including Holy Island and much of the surrounding mainland. Durham Priory re-established a monastic house on the island in 1093, as a cell of Durham, administered from Norham. The standing remains date from this time (whereas the site of the original priory is now occupied by the parish church).
Monastic records from the 14th to the 16th century provide evidence of an already well-established fishing economy on the island. Both line fishing and net fishing were practised, inshore in shallow waters and in the deep water offshore, using a variety of vessels: contemporary accounts differentiate between small 'cobles' and larger 'boats', as well as singling out certain specialised vessels (such as a 'herynger', sold for £2 in 1404). As well as supplying food for the monastic community, the island's fisheries (together with those of nearby Farne) provided the mother house at Durham with fish, on a regular (sometimes weekly) basis. Fish caught included cod, haddock, herring, salmon, porpoise and mullet, among others. Shellfish of various types were also fished for, with lobster nets and oyster dredges being mentioned in the accounts. Fish surplus to the needs of the monastery was traded, but subject to a tithe. There is also evidence that the monks operated a lime kiln on the island.
In 1462, during the Wars of the Roses, Margaret of Anjou made an abortive attempt to seize the Northumbrian castles. Following a storm at sea 400 troops had to seek shelter on Holy Island, where they surrendered to the Yorkists.
The Benedictine monastery continued until its suppression in 1536 under Henry VIII, after which the buildings surrounding the church were used as a naval storehouse. In 1613 ownership of the island (and other land in the area formerly pertaining to Durham Priory) was transferred to the Crown.
An early scholarly description of the priory was compiled by Dr Henry George Charles Clarke (presumed son of Admiral Sir Erasmus Gower) in 1838 during his term as president of the Berwickshire Naturalists' Club. Dr Clarke surmised that this Norman priory was unique in that the centre aisle had a vault of stone. Of the six arches, Dr Clarke stated "as if the architect had not previously calculated the space to be occupied by his arcade. The effect here has been to produce a horse-shoe instead of a semicircular arch, from its being of the same height, but lesser span, than the others. This arch is very rare, even in Norman buildings". The Lindisfarne Priory (ruin) is a grade I listed building, List Entry Number 1042304. Other parts of the priory are a Scheduled ancient monument, List Entry Number 1011650. The latter are described as "the site of the pre-Conquest monastery of Lindisfarne and the Benedictine cell of Durham Cathedral that succeeded it in the 11th century".
Recent work by archeologists was continuing in 2019, for the fourth year. Artifacts recovered included a rare board game piece, copper-alloy rings and Anglo-Saxon coins from both Northumbria and Wessex. The discovery of a cemetery led to finding commemorative markers "unique to the 8th and 9th centuries". The group also found evidence of an early medieval building, "which seems to have been constructed on top of an even earlier industrial oven" which was used to make copper or glass.
Northumberland is a ceremonial county in North East England, bordering Scotland. It is bordered by the Scottish Borders to the north, the North Sea to the east, Tyne and Wear and County Durham to the south, and Cumbria to the west. The town of Blyth is the largest settlement.
The county has an area of 5,013 km2 (1,936 sq mi) and a population of 320,274, making it the least-densely populated county in England. The south-east contains the largest towns: Blyth (37,339), Cramlington (27,683), Ashington (27,670), and Morpeth (14,304), which is the administrative centre. The remainder of the county is rural, and the largest towns are Berwick-upon-Tweed (12,043) in the far north and Hexham (13,097) in the west. For local government purposes the county is a unitary authority area. The county historically included the parts of Tyne and Wear north of the River Tyne.
The west of Northumberland contains part of the Cheviot Hills and North Pennines, while to the east the land becomes flatter before reaching the coast. The Cheviot (815 m (2,674 ft)), after which the range of hills is named, is the county's highest point. The county contains the source of the River North Tyne and much of the South Tyne; near Hexham they combine to form the Tyne, which exits into Tyne and Wear shortly downstream. The other major rivers in Northumberland are, from south to north, the Blyth, Coquet, Aln, Wansbeck and Tweed, the last of which forms part of the Scottish border. The county contains Northumberland National Park and two national landscapes: the Northumberland Coast and part of the North Pennines.
Much of the county's history has been defined by its position on a border. In the Roman era most of the county lay north of Hadrian's Wall, and the region was contested between England and Scotland into the Early Modern era, leading to the construction of many castles, peel towers and bastle houses, and the early modern fortifications at Berwick-upon-Tweed. Northumberland is also associated with Celtic Christianity, particularly the tidal island of Lindisfarne. During the Industrial Revolution the area had significant coal mining, shipbuilding, and armaments industries.
Northumberland, England's northernmost county, is a land where Roman occupiers once guarded a walled frontier, Anglian invaders fought with Celtic natives, and Norman lords built castles to suppress rebellion and defend a contested border with Scotland. The present-day county is a vestige of an independent kingdom that once stretched from Edinburgh to the Humber, hence its name, meaning literally 'north of the Humber'. Reflecting its tumultuous past, Northumberland has more castles than any other county in England, and the greatest number of recognised battle sites. Once an economically important region that supplied much of the coal that powered the industrial revolution, Northumberland is now a primarily rural county with a small and gradually shrinking population.
As attested by many instances of rock art, the Northumberland region has a rich prehistory. Archeologists have studied a Mesolithic structure at Howick, which dates to 7500 BC and was identified as Britain's oldest house until it lost this title in 2010 when the discovery of the even older Star Carr house in North Yorkshire was announced, which dates to 8770 BC. They have also found tools, ornaments, building structures and cairns dating to the bronze and iron ages, when the area was occupied by Brythonic Celtic peoples who had migrated from continental Europe, most likely the Votadini whose territory stretched from Edinburgh and the Firth of Forth to Northumberland. It is not clear where the boundary between the Votadini and the other large tribe, the Brigantes, was, although it probably frequently shifted as a result of wars and as smaller tribes and communities changed allegiances. Unlike neighbouring tribes, Votadini farms were surrounded by large walls, banks and ditches and the people made offerings of fine metal objects, but never wore massive armlets. There are also at least three very large hillforts in their territory (Yeavering Bell, Eildon Hill and Traprain Law, the latter two now in Scotland), each was located on the top of a prominent hill or mountain. The hillforts may have been used for over a thousand years by this time as places of refuge and as places for meetings for political and religious ceremonies. Duddo Five Stones in North Northumberland and the Goatstones near Hadrian's Wall are stone circles dating from the Bronze Age.
When Gnaeus Julius Agricola was appointed Roman governor of Britain in 78 AD, most of northern Britain was still controlled by native British tribes. During his governorship Agricola extended Roman control north of Eboracum (York) and into what is now Scotland. Roman settlements, garrisons and roads were established throughout the Northumberland region.
The northern frontier of the Roman occupation fluctuated between Pons Aelius (now Newcastle) and the Forth. Hadrian's Wall was completed by about 130 AD, to define and defend the northern boundary of Roman Britain. By 142, the Romans had completed the Antonine Wall, a more northerly defensive border lying between the Forth and Clyde. However, by 164 they abandoned the Antonine Wall to consolidate defences at Hadrian's Wall.
Two important Roman roads in the region were the Stanegate and Dere Street, the latter extending through the Cheviot Hills to locations well north of the Tweed. Located at the intersection of these two roads, Coria (Corbridge), a Roman supply-base, was the most northerly large town in the Roman Empire. The Roman forts of Vercovicium (Housesteads) on Hadrian's Wall, and Vindolanda (Chesterholm) built to guard the Stanegate, had extensive civil settlements surrounding them.
The Celtic peoples living in the region between the Tyne and the Forth were known to the Romans as the Votadini. When not under direct Roman rule, they functioned as a friendly client kingdom, a somewhat porous buffer against the more warlike Picts to the north.
The gradual Roman withdrawal from Britain in the 5th century led to a poorly documented age of conflict and chaos as different peoples contested territories in northern Britain.
Nearly 2000-year-old Roman boxing gloves were uncovered at Vindolanda in 2017 by the Vidolanda Trust experts led by Dr Andrew Birley. According to the Guardian, being similar in style and function to the full-hand modern boxing gloves, these two gloves found at Vindolanda look like leather bands date back to 120 AD. It is suggested that based on their difference from gladiator gloves warriors using this type of gloves had no purpose to kill each other. These gloves were probably used in a sport for promoting fighting skills. The gloves are currently displayed at Vindolanda's museum.
Conquests by Anglian invaders led to the establishment of the kingdoms of Deira and Bernicia. The first Anglian settlement was effected in 547 by Ida, who, accompanied by his six sons, pushed through the narrow strip of territory between the Cheviots and the sea, and set up a fortress at Bamburgh, which became the royal seat of the Bernician kings. About the end of the 6th century Bernicia was first united with the rival kingdom of Deira under the rule of Æthelfrith of Northumbria, and the district between the Humber and the Forth became known as the kingdom of Northumbria.
After Æthelfrith was killed in battle around 616, Edwin of Deira became king of Northumbria. Æthelfrith's son Oswald fled northwest to the Gaelic kingdom of Dál Riata where he was converted to Christianity by the monks of Iona. Meanwhile, Paulinus, the first bishop of York, converted King Edwin to Roman Christianity and began an extensive program of conversion and baptism. By his time the kingdom must have reached the west coast, as Edwin is said to have conquered the islands of Anglesey and Man. Under Edwin the Northumbrian kingdom became the chief power in Britain. However, when Cadwallon ap Cadfan defeated Edwin at Hatfield Chase in 633, Northumbria was divided into the former kingdoms of Bernicia and Deira and Christianity suffered a temporary decline.
In 634, Oswald defeated Cadwallon ap Cadfan at the Battle of Heavenfield, resulting in the re-unification of Northumbria. Oswald re-established Christianity in the kingdom and assigned a bishopric at Hexham, where Wilfrid erected a famous early English church. Reunification was followed by a period of Northumbrian expansion into Pictish territory and growing dominance over the Celtic kingdoms of Dál Riata and Strathclyde to the west. Northumbrian encroachments were abruptly curtailed in 685, when Ecgfrith suffered complete defeat by a Pictish force at the Battle of Nechtansmere.
When Saint Aidan came at the request of Oswald to preach to the Northumbrians he chose the island of Lindisfarne as the site of his church and monastery, and made it the head of the diocese which he founded in 635. For some years the see continued in peace, numbering among its bishops Saint Cuthbert, but in 793 Vikings landed on the island and burnt the settlement, killing many of the monks. The survivors, however, rebuilt the church and continued to live there until 883, when, through fear of a second invasion of the Danes, they fled inland, taking with them the body of Cuthbert and other holy relics.
Against this background, the monasteries of Northumbria developed some remarkably influential cultural products. Cædmon, a monk at Whitby Abbey, authored one of the earliest surviving examples of Old English poetry some time before 680. The Lindisfarne Gospels, an early example of insular art, is attributed to Eadfrith, the bishop of Lindisfarne from 698 to 721. Stenton (1971, p. 191) describes the book as follows.
In mere script it is no more than an admirable example of a noble style, and the figure drawing of its illustrations, though probably based on classical models, has more than a touch of naïveté. Its unique importance is due to the beauty and astonishing intricacy of its decoration. The nature of its ornament connects it very closely with a group of Irish manuscripts of which the Book of Kells is the most famous.
Bede's writing, at the Northumbrian monasteries at Wearmouth and Jarrow, gained him a reputation as the most learned scholar of his age. His work is notable for both its breadth (encompassing history, theology, science and literature) and quality, exemplified by the rigorous use of citation. Bede's most famous work is Ecclesiastical History of the English People, which is regarded as a highly influential early model of historical scholarship.
The kingdom of Northumbria ceased to exist in 927, when it was incorporated into England as an earldom by Athelstan, the first king of a united England[citation needed].. In 937, Athelstan's victory over a combined Norse-Celtic force in the battle of Brunanburh secured England's control of its northern territory.
The Scottish king Indulf captured Edinburgh in 954, which thenceforth remained in possession of the Scots. His successors made repeated attempts to extend their territory southwards. Malcolm II was finally successful, when, in 1018, he annihilated the Northumbrian army at Carham on the Tweed, and Eadulf the earl of Northumbria ceded all his territory to the north of that river as the price of peace. Henceforth Lothian, consisting of the former region of Northumbria between the Forth and the Tweed, remained in possession of the Scottish kings.
The term Northumberland was first recorded in its contracted modern sense in 1065 in an entry in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle relating to a rebellion against Tostig Godwinson.
The vigorous resistance of Northumbria to William the Conqueror was punished by ruthless harrying, mostly south of the River Tees. As recounted by the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle:
A.D. 1068. This year King William gave Earl Robert the earldom over Northumberland; but the landsmen attacked him in the town of Durham, and slew him, and nine hundred men with him. Soon afterwards Edgar Etheling came with all the Northumbrians to York; and the townsmen made a treaty with him: but King William came from the South unawares on them with a large army, and put them to flight, and slew on the spot those who could not escape; which were many hundred men; and plundered the town. St. Peter's minster he made a profanation, and all other places also he despoiled and trampled upon; and the ethelling went back again to Scotland.
The Normans rebuilt the Anglian monasteries of Lindisfarne, Hexham and Tynemouth, and founded Norman abbeys at Newminster (1139), Alnwick (1147), Brinkburn (1180), Hulne, and Blanchland. Castles were built at Newcastle (1080), Alnwick (1096), Bamburgh (1131), Harbottle (1157), Prudhoe (1172), Warkworth (1205), Chillingham, Ford (1287), Dunstanburgh (1313), Morpeth, Langley (1350), Wark on Tweed and Norham (1121), the latter an enclave of the palatine bishops of Durham.
Northumberland county is not mentioned in the Domesday Survey, but the account of the issues of the county, as rendered by Odard the sheriff, is entered in the Great Roll of the Exchequer for 1131.
In 1237, Scotland renounced claims to Northumberland county in the Treaty of York.
During the reign of Edward I (1272–1307), the county of Northumberland was the district between the Tees and the Tweed, and had within it several scattered liberties subject to other powers: Durham, Sadberge, Bedlingtonshire, and Norhamshire belonging to the bishop of Durham; Hexhamshire to the archbishop of York; Tynedale to the king of Scotland; Emildon to the earl of Lancaster; and Redesdale to Gilbert de Umfraville, Earl of Angus. These franchises were exempt from the ordinary jurisdiction of the shire. Over time, some were incorporated within the county: Tynedale in 1495; Hexhamshire in 1572; and Norhamshire, Islandshire and Bedlingtonshire by the Counties (Detached Parts) Act 1844.
The county court for Northumberland was held at different times at Newcastle, Alnwick and Morpeth, until by statute of 1549 it was ordered that the court should thenceforth be held in the town and castle of Alnwick. Under the same statute the sheriffs of Northumberland, who had been in the habit of appropriating the issues of the county to their private use, were required thereafter to deliver in their accounts to the Exchequer in the same manner as the sheriffs of other counties.
From the Norman Conquest until the union of England and Scotland under James I and VI, Northumberland was the scene of perpetual inroads and devastations by the Scots. Norham, Alnwick and Wark were captured by David I of Scotland in the wars of Stephen's reign. In 1174, during his invasion of Northumbria, William I of Scotland, also known as William the Lion, was captured by a party of about four hundred mounted knights, led by Ranulf de Glanvill. This incident became known as the Battle of Alnwick. In 1295, Robert de Ros and the earls of Athol and Menteith ravaged Redesdale, Coquetdale and Tynedale. In 1314 the county was ravaged by king Robert Bruce. And so dire was the Scottish threat in 1382, that by special enactment the earl of Northumberland was ordered to remain on his estates to protect the border. In 1388, Henry Percy was taken prisoner and 1500 of his men slain at the battle of Otterburn, immortalised in the ballad of Chevy Chase.
Alnwick, Bamburgh and Dunstanburgh were garrisoned for the Lancastrian cause in 1462, but after the Yorkist victories of Hexham and Hedgley Moor in 1464, Alnwick and Dunstanburgh surrendered, and Bamburgh was taken by storm.
In September 1513, King James IV of Scotland was killed at the Battle of Flodden on Branxton Moor.
Roman Catholic support in Northumberland for Mary, Queen of Scots, led to the Rising of the North in 1569.
After uniting the English and Scottish thrones, James VI and I sharply curbed the lawlessness of the border reivers and brought relative peace to the region. There were Church of Scotland congregations in Northumberland in the 17th and 18th centuries.
During the Civil War of the 17th century, Newcastle was garrisoned for the king by the earl of Newcastle, but in 1644 it was captured by the Scots under the earl of Leven, and in 1646 Charles I was led there a captive under the charge of David Leslie.
Many of the chief Northumberland families were ruined in the Jacobite rebellion of 1715.
The mineral resources of the area appear to have been exploited to some extent from remote times. It is certain that coal was used by the Romans in Northumberland, and some coal ornaments found at Angerton have been attributed to the 7th century. In a 13th-century grant to Newminster Abbey a road for the conveyance of sea coal from the shore about Blyth is mentioned, and the Blyth coal field was worked throughout the 14th and 15th centuries. The coal trade on the Tyne did not exist to any extent before the 13th century, but from that period it developed rapidly, and Newcastle acquired the monopoly of the river shipping and coal trade. Lead was exported from Newcastle in the 12th century, probably from Hexhamshire, the lead mines of which were very prosperous throughout the 16th and 17th centuries. In a charter from Richard I to Hugh de Puiset creating him earl of Northumberland, mines of silver and iron are mentioned. A salt pan is mentioned at Warkworth in the 12th century; in the 13th century the salt industry flourished at the mouth of the river Blyth, and in the 15th century formed the principal occupation of the inhabitants of North and South Shields. In the reign of Elizabeth I, glass factories were set up at Newcastle by foreign refugees, and the industry spread rapidly along the Tyne. Tanning, both of leather and of nets, was largely practised in the 13th century, and the salmon fisheries in the Tyne were famous in the reign of Henry I.
John Smeaton designed the Coldstream Bridge and a bridge at Hexham.
Stephenson's Rocket
Invention of the steam turbine by Charles Algernon Parsons
Northumberland is a ceremonial county in North East England, bordering Scotland. It is bordered by the Scottish Borders to the north, the North Sea to the east, Tyne and Wear and County Durham to the south, and Cumbria to the west. The town of Blyth is the largest settlement.
The county has an area of 5,013 km2 (1,936 sq mi) and a population of 320,274, making it the least-densely populated county in England. The south-east contains the largest towns: Blyth (37,339), Cramlington (27,683), Ashington (27,670), and Morpeth (14,304), which is the administrative centre. The remainder of the county is rural, and the largest towns are Berwick-upon-Tweed (12,043) in the far north and Hexham (13,097) in the west. For local government purposes the county is a unitary authority area. The county historically included the parts of Tyne and Wear north of the River Tyne.
The west of Northumberland contains part of the Cheviot Hills and North Pennines, while to the east the land becomes flatter before reaching the coast. The Cheviot (815 m (2,674 ft)), after which the range of hills is named, is the county's highest point. The county contains the source of the River North Tyne and much of the South Tyne; near Hexham they combine to form the Tyne, which exits into Tyne and Wear shortly downstream. The other major rivers in Northumberland are, from south to north, the Blyth, Coquet, Aln, Wansbeck and Tweed, the last of which forms part of the Scottish border. The county contains Northumberland National Park and two national landscapes: the Northumberland Coast and part of the North Pennines.
Much of the county's history has been defined by its position on a border. In the Roman era most of the county lay north of Hadrian's Wall, and the region was contested between England and Scotland into the Early Modern era, leading to the construction of many castles, peel towers and bastle houses, and the early modern fortifications at Berwick-upon-Tweed. Northumberland is also associated with Celtic Christianity, particularly the tidal island of Lindisfarne. During the Industrial Revolution the area had significant coal mining, shipbuilding, and armaments industries.
Northumberland, England's northernmost county, is a land where Roman occupiers once guarded a walled frontier, Anglian invaders fought with Celtic natives, and Norman lords built castles to suppress rebellion and defend a contested border with Scotland. The present-day county is a vestige of an independent kingdom that once stretched from Edinburgh to the Humber, hence its name, meaning literally 'north of the Humber'. Reflecting its tumultuous past, Northumberland has more castles than any other county in England, and the greatest number of recognised battle sites. Once an economically important region that supplied much of the coal that powered the industrial revolution, Northumberland is now a primarily rural county with a small and gradually shrinking population.
As attested by many instances of rock art, the Northumberland region has a rich prehistory. Archeologists have studied a Mesolithic structure at Howick, which dates to 7500 BC and was identified as Britain's oldest house until it lost this title in 2010 when the discovery of the even older Star Carr house in North Yorkshire was announced, which dates to 8770 BC. They have also found tools, ornaments, building structures and cairns dating to the bronze and iron ages, when the area was occupied by Brythonic Celtic peoples who had migrated from continental Europe, most likely the Votadini whose territory stretched from Edinburgh and the Firth of Forth to Northumberland. It is not clear where the boundary between the Votadini and the other large tribe, the Brigantes, was, although it probably frequently shifted as a result of wars and as smaller tribes and communities changed allegiances. Unlike neighbouring tribes, Votadini farms were surrounded by large walls, banks and ditches and the people made offerings of fine metal objects, but never wore massive armlets. There are also at least three very large hillforts in their territory (Yeavering Bell, Eildon Hill and Traprain Law, the latter two now in Scotland), each was located on the top of a prominent hill or mountain. The hillforts may have been used for over a thousand years by this time as places of refuge and as places for meetings for political and religious ceremonies. Duddo Five Stones in North Northumberland and the Goatstones near Hadrian's Wall are stone circles dating from the Bronze Age.
When Gnaeus Julius Agricola was appointed Roman governor of Britain in 78 AD, most of northern Britain was still controlled by native British tribes. During his governorship Agricola extended Roman control north of Eboracum (York) and into what is now Scotland. Roman settlements, garrisons and roads were established throughout the Northumberland region.
The northern frontier of the Roman occupation fluctuated between Pons Aelius (now Newcastle) and the Forth. Hadrian's Wall was completed by about 130 AD, to define and defend the northern boundary of Roman Britain. By 142, the Romans had completed the Antonine Wall, a more northerly defensive border lying between the Forth and Clyde. However, by 164 they abandoned the Antonine Wall to consolidate defences at Hadrian's Wall.
Two important Roman roads in the region were the Stanegate and Dere Street, the latter extending through the Cheviot Hills to locations well north of the Tweed. Located at the intersection of these two roads, Coria (Corbridge), a Roman supply-base, was the most northerly large town in the Roman Empire. The Roman forts of Vercovicium (Housesteads) on Hadrian's Wall, and Vindolanda (Chesterholm) built to guard the Stanegate, had extensive civil settlements surrounding them.
The Celtic peoples living in the region between the Tyne and the Forth were known to the Romans as the Votadini. When not under direct Roman rule, they functioned as a friendly client kingdom, a somewhat porous buffer against the more warlike Picts to the north.
The gradual Roman withdrawal from Britain in the 5th century led to a poorly documented age of conflict and chaos as different peoples contested territories in northern Britain.
Nearly 2000-year-old Roman boxing gloves were uncovered at Vindolanda in 2017 by the Vidolanda Trust experts led by Dr Andrew Birley. According to the Guardian, being similar in style and function to the full-hand modern boxing gloves, these two gloves found at Vindolanda look like leather bands date back to 120 AD. It is suggested that based on their difference from gladiator gloves warriors using this type of gloves had no purpose to kill each other. These gloves were probably used in a sport for promoting fighting skills. The gloves are currently displayed at Vindolanda's museum.
Conquests by Anglian invaders led to the establishment of the kingdoms of Deira and Bernicia. The first Anglian settlement was effected in 547 by Ida, who, accompanied by his six sons, pushed through the narrow strip of territory between the Cheviots and the sea, and set up a fortress at Bamburgh, which became the royal seat of the Bernician kings. About the end of the 6th century Bernicia was first united with the rival kingdom of Deira under the rule of Æthelfrith of Northumbria, and the district between the Humber and the Forth became known as the kingdom of Northumbria.
After Æthelfrith was killed in battle around 616, Edwin of Deira became king of Northumbria. Æthelfrith's son Oswald fled northwest to the Gaelic kingdom of Dál Riata where he was converted to Christianity by the monks of Iona. Meanwhile, Paulinus, the first bishop of York, converted King Edwin to Roman Christianity and began an extensive program of conversion and baptism. By his time the kingdom must have reached the west coast, as Edwin is said to have conquered the islands of Anglesey and Man. Under Edwin the Northumbrian kingdom became the chief power in Britain. However, when Cadwallon ap Cadfan defeated Edwin at Hatfield Chase in 633, Northumbria was divided into the former kingdoms of Bernicia and Deira and Christianity suffered a temporary decline.
In 634, Oswald defeated Cadwallon ap Cadfan at the Battle of Heavenfield, resulting in the re-unification of Northumbria. Oswald re-established Christianity in the kingdom and assigned a bishopric at Hexham, where Wilfrid erected a famous early English church. Reunification was followed by a period of Northumbrian expansion into Pictish territory and growing dominance over the Celtic kingdoms of Dál Riata and Strathclyde to the west. Northumbrian encroachments were abruptly curtailed in 685, when Ecgfrith suffered complete defeat by a Pictish force at the Battle of Nechtansmere.
When Saint Aidan came at the request of Oswald to preach to the Northumbrians he chose the island of Lindisfarne as the site of his church and monastery, and made it the head of the diocese which he founded in 635. For some years the see continued in peace, numbering among its bishops Saint Cuthbert, but in 793 Vikings landed on the island and burnt the settlement, killing many of the monks. The survivors, however, rebuilt the church and continued to live there until 883, when, through fear of a second invasion of the Danes, they fled inland, taking with them the body of Cuthbert and other holy relics.
Against this background, the monasteries of Northumbria developed some remarkably influential cultural products. Cædmon, a monk at Whitby Abbey, authored one of the earliest surviving examples of Old English poetry some time before 680. The Lindisfarne Gospels, an early example of insular art, is attributed to Eadfrith, the bishop of Lindisfarne from 698 to 721. Stenton (1971, p. 191) describes the book as follows.
In mere script it is no more than an admirable example of a noble style, and the figure drawing of its illustrations, though probably based on classical models, has more than a touch of naïveté. Its unique importance is due to the beauty and astonishing intricacy of its decoration. The nature of its ornament connects it very closely with a group of Irish manuscripts of which the Book of Kells is the most famous.
Bede's writing, at the Northumbrian monasteries at Wearmouth and Jarrow, gained him a reputation as the most learned scholar of his age. His work is notable for both its breadth (encompassing history, theology, science and literature) and quality, exemplified by the rigorous use of citation. Bede's most famous work is Ecclesiastical History of the English People, which is regarded as a highly influential early model of historical scholarship.
The kingdom of Northumbria ceased to exist in 927, when it was incorporated into England as an earldom by Athelstan, the first king of a united England[citation needed].. In 937, Athelstan's victory over a combined Norse-Celtic force in the battle of Brunanburh secured England's control of its northern territory.
The Scottish king Indulf captured Edinburgh in 954, which thenceforth remained in possession of the Scots. His successors made repeated attempts to extend their territory southwards. Malcolm II was finally successful, when, in 1018, he annihilated the Northumbrian army at Carham on the Tweed, and Eadulf the earl of Northumbria ceded all his territory to the north of that river as the price of peace. Henceforth Lothian, consisting of the former region of Northumbria between the Forth and the Tweed, remained in possession of the Scottish kings.
The term Northumberland was first recorded in its contracted modern sense in 1065 in an entry in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle relating to a rebellion against Tostig Godwinson.
The vigorous resistance of Northumbria to William the Conqueror was punished by ruthless harrying, mostly south of the River Tees. As recounted by the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle:
A.D. 1068. This year King William gave Earl Robert the earldom over Northumberland; but the landsmen attacked him in the town of Durham, and slew him, and nine hundred men with him. Soon afterwards Edgar Etheling came with all the Northumbrians to York; and the townsmen made a treaty with him: but King William came from the South unawares on them with a large army, and put them to flight, and slew on the spot those who could not escape; which were many hundred men; and plundered the town. St. Peter's minster he made a profanation, and all other places also he despoiled and trampled upon; and the ethelling went back again to Scotland.
The Normans rebuilt the Anglian monasteries of Lindisfarne, Hexham and Tynemouth, and founded Norman abbeys at Newminster (1139), Alnwick (1147), Brinkburn (1180), Hulne, and Blanchland. Castles were built at Newcastle (1080), Alnwick (1096), Bamburgh (1131), Harbottle (1157), Prudhoe (1172), Warkworth (1205), Chillingham, Ford (1287), Dunstanburgh (1313), Morpeth, Langley (1350), Wark on Tweed and Norham (1121), the latter an enclave of the palatine bishops of Durham.
Northumberland county is not mentioned in the Domesday Survey, but the account of the issues of the county, as rendered by Odard the sheriff, is entered in the Great Roll of the Exchequer for 1131.
In 1237, Scotland renounced claims to Northumberland county in the Treaty of York.
During the reign of Edward I (1272–1307), the county of Northumberland was the district between the Tees and the Tweed, and had within it several scattered liberties subject to other powers: Durham, Sadberge, Bedlingtonshire, and Norhamshire belonging to the bishop of Durham; Hexhamshire to the archbishop of York; Tynedale to the king of Scotland; Emildon to the earl of Lancaster; and Redesdale to Gilbert de Umfraville, Earl of Angus. These franchises were exempt from the ordinary jurisdiction of the shire. Over time, some were incorporated within the county: Tynedale in 1495; Hexhamshire in 1572; and Norhamshire, Islandshire and Bedlingtonshire by the Counties (Detached Parts) Act 1844.
The county court for Northumberland was held at different times at Newcastle, Alnwick and Morpeth, until by statute of 1549 it was ordered that the court should thenceforth be held in the town and castle of Alnwick. Under the same statute the sheriffs of Northumberland, who had been in the habit of appropriating the issues of the county to their private use, were required thereafter to deliver in their accounts to the Exchequer in the same manner as the sheriffs of other counties.
From the Norman Conquest until the union of England and Scotland under James I and VI, Northumberland was the scene of perpetual inroads and devastations by the Scots. Norham, Alnwick and Wark were captured by David I of Scotland in the wars of Stephen's reign. In 1174, during his invasion of Northumbria, William I of Scotland, also known as William the Lion, was captured by a party of about four hundred mounted knights, led by Ranulf de Glanvill. This incident became known as the Battle of Alnwick. In 1295, Robert de Ros and the earls of Athol and Menteith ravaged Redesdale, Coquetdale and Tynedale. In 1314 the county was ravaged by king Robert Bruce. And so dire was the Scottish threat in 1382, that by special enactment the earl of Northumberland was ordered to remain on his estates to protect the border. In 1388, Henry Percy was taken prisoner and 1500 of his men slain at the battle of Otterburn, immortalised in the ballad of Chevy Chase.
Alnwick, Bamburgh and Dunstanburgh were garrisoned for the Lancastrian cause in 1462, but after the Yorkist victories of Hexham and Hedgley Moor in 1464, Alnwick and Dunstanburgh surrendered, and Bamburgh was taken by storm.
In September 1513, King James IV of Scotland was killed at the Battle of Flodden on Branxton Moor.
Roman Catholic support in Northumberland for Mary, Queen of Scots, led to the Rising of the North in 1569.
After uniting the English and Scottish thrones, James VI and I sharply curbed the lawlessness of the border reivers and brought relative peace to the region. There were Church of Scotland congregations in Northumberland in the 17th and 18th centuries.
During the Civil War of the 17th century, Newcastle was garrisoned for the king by the earl of Newcastle, but in 1644 it was captured by the Scots under the earl of Leven, and in 1646 Charles I was led there a captive under the charge of David Leslie.
Many of the chief Northumberland families were ruined in the Jacobite rebellion of 1715.
The mineral resources of the area appear to have been exploited to some extent from remote times. It is certain that coal was used by the Romans in Northumberland, and some coal ornaments found at Angerton have been attributed to the 7th century. In a 13th-century grant to Newminster Abbey a road for the conveyance of sea coal from the shore about Blyth is mentioned, and the Blyth coal field was worked throughout the 14th and 15th centuries. The coal trade on the Tyne did not exist to any extent before the 13th century, but from that period it developed rapidly, and Newcastle acquired the monopoly of the river shipping and coal trade. Lead was exported from Newcastle in the 12th century, probably from Hexhamshire, the lead mines of which were very prosperous throughout the 16th and 17th centuries. In a charter from Richard I to Hugh de Puiset creating him earl of Northumberland, mines of silver and iron are mentioned. A salt pan is mentioned at Warkworth in the 12th century; in the 13th century the salt industry flourished at the mouth of the river Blyth, and in the 15th century formed the principal occupation of the inhabitants of North and South Shields. In the reign of Elizabeth I, glass factories were set up at Newcastle by foreign refugees, and the industry spread rapidly along the Tyne. Tanning, both of leather and of nets, was largely practised in the 13th century, and the salmon fisheries in the Tyne were famous in the reign of Henry I.
John Smeaton designed the Coldstream Bridge and a bridge at Hexham.
Stephenson's Rocket
Invention of the steam turbine by Charles Algernon Parsons
New Deal mural entitled "A Massachusetts Countryside" painted by Jean Watson in 1940.
The mural was removed from the old post office in 1986 when a new one was completed. It hung in the town hall until 1990 but during renovations of the town hall was actually placed in the trash by the contractors. The president of the historical society saved the mural from the trash and has stored the mural in the attic of his shop since 1990. The mural was not well received in Stoughton due to it's content having nothing to do with the local "countryside".
Museum de Fundatie Zwolle NL presents an exhibition entitled Giacometti-Chadwick, Facing Fear, to run from 22 September 2018 to 6 January 2019. The sculptures of Alberto Giacometti (1901-1966) and Lynn Chadwick (1914-2003) are manifestations of the sense of fear and disillusionment that pervaded Europe during the Cold War period. Their work bids a final farewell to pre-war romanticism and aestheticism, and lands with both feet in the raw reality of the post-war world. While Giacometti reduced the human form to its bare essentials, Chadwick created powerful archetypal images of both people and animals. The exhibition includes more than 150 works. Never before has the work of Giacometti and Chadwick been so explicitly brought together.
Their paths first crossed in 1956, when Chadwick became the youngest person ever to win the Grand Prix for Sculpture at the Venice Biennale. With only six years’ experience as a sculptor, the British artist snatched the prize from Giacometti, the hot favourite, who was thirteen years older and already a major name in Paris. Giacometti would go on to win the prize in 1962, but which of the two men was awarded it in 1956 is less significant than the fact that these two particular sculptors were the front-runners at that time. Each of them was expressing, in his own individual way, the sense of deep-seated angst that overshadowed day-to-day life in Europe in the fifties and sixties: the fear of a global nuclear disaster that would wipe out human civilisation.
Alberto Giacometti is among the most significant figures in the whole field of modern European sculpture. A member of a notable family of Swiss artists, he moved to Paris in 1922 and would remain there for the rest of his life, working as a sculptor, painter and graphic artist. After training with Émile-Antoine Bourdelle, he discovered modernism and so-called ‘primitive’ ethnographic art of Africa and Oceania. In response to these influences, his work became more abstract. In the early thirties, his Surrealist sculptures expressing subconscious emotions created a furore. From 1935, however, personal psychological tensions triggered a crisis in his life and work that led to a return to the human figure. Initially, his portraits and figures became both increasingly tiny and more and more attenuated. This thinness was to remain the most distinctive feature of Giacometti’s art. After the Second World War, he began to create the elongated, emaciated figures that would bring him worldwide fame. In all their attenuation, they reduce humanity to its very essence and appear both vulnerable and enigmatic.
In the early fifties, up-and-coming artist Lynn Chadwick managed to dislodge Henry Moore and Barbara Hepworth from their dominant position in the field of British sculpture. Born in London, Chadwick had started his career as a technical draughtsman and exhibition stand designer. He took an equally constructional approach to his sculpture: rather than model his human and animal figures in clay or wax, he constructed them by welding steel rods together to create an armature and then filling in the gaps with a kind of cement. The angularity of the work being produced by him and other young British artists was described in 1952 as ‘the geometry of fear’, a reference to the constant dread of nuclear annihilation. Chadwick’s apocalyptic Dancers and stoical Watchers gave powerful expression to this sense of angst. From the early seventies, he broadened his repertoire to include subjects that seem to restore the sovereignty of the human spirit. Sculptures like Cloaked Figure and Sitting Couple no longer look threatening, but emanate a sense of composure and invulnerability.
Giacometti’s pre-war work influenced Chadwick’s development and the two men were keenly aware of each other’s presence. In addition to the vast differences, there are also many similarities between their oeuvres. Giacometti-Chadwick, Facing Fear is the product of close cooperation with the Fondation Marguerite et Aimé Maeght in Saint-Paul-de-Vence and the Chadwick Estate and Blain|Southern gallery in London.
Sculpture entitled The Major on top of the public toilets on Major's corner and Old Foundry Road by Paul Richardson, 2005.
A detail of the fly
racns.co.uk/sculptures.asp?action=getsurvey&id=636
Originally posted for GuessWhereUK
Read more about the French art dealer here: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Rosenberg_(art_dealer)
In 2017 there is an exhibition about Rosenberg, the art he represented, and the subsequent confiscation of much of his art collection by the Nazis in WWII. The exhibition is at the Musée Maillol, entitled "21 rue La Boétie."
Entitled: You Try to Eat Upside-Down and Then See How Easy It Is.
A double-feature taken at the Singapore Zoo. This is a "Flying Fox" one of a handful of fruit-eating megabat species. They see just fine, don't use any echo location, and, apparently, eat at all times of the day and night. This guy's wingspan was at least two feet. I am not (!) using any kind of zoom. The nose of my camera is about four inches from this monster.
From my set entitled “The Air Crew”
www.flickr.com/photos/organize/
In my collection entitled “Uncle Bill Watson”
www.flickr.com/photos/21861018@N00/collections/7215760783...
In my photostream
www.flickr.com/photos/21861018@N00/
Larry was born in Winnipeg, Manitoba, on January 23, 1924. His father was Roy Cuthbert Carter, and his mother was Josephine Stovel. He was one of the best educated of the crew, having achieved his senior matriculation (grade 12). He enjoyed hockey, football and track
Larry enlisted at Windsor, Ontario, on May 20, 1942. His first station was at
#5 Manning Depot in Lachine, Quebec, where he learned military discipline, aviation basics, regulations, history, and navigation. Between courses he engaged in endless drills and weapon-handling exercises.
At #3 Initial Training School, Victoriaville, Quebec, it was found that Larry had the aptitude to be a bomber pilot. He was tested on a LINK flight simulator, which was a grueling test of one’s capabilities.
While attending #11 Elementary Flying Training School at Cap de la Madelaine, Quebec, Larry flew De Havilland Moth and Fairey Fleet training aircraft.
At #5 Special Service Flying School in Brantford, Ontario, Larry trained in Avro Ansons (known as the ‘greenhouse’ because of its wrap-around cockpit).
Larry was awarded his pilot’s badge on January 10, 1943. On October 22, 1943, he embarked from Halifax, and disembarked in Britain on October 30, 1943.
Upon arriving in Britain, he was first stationed at No. 3 Personnel Reception Centre in Bournemouth, Dorset, while waiting for openings to become available at advanced training units.
I’m a little bit sketchy concerning his precise training at 26 Elementary Flying Training School at Theale in Berkshire, RAF Gaydon in Warwickshire, 14 (P) AFU at Ossington in Nottinghamshire and Dallachy, Moray, Scotland.
At 83OTU Peplow, he trained on Wellington bombers, and it was here he was killed on a night training mission, July 22/23, 1944.
The commanding officer at Victoriaville found him to be “… a bright-eyed youngster with excellent Service Spirit. [He is ] very anxious to make good as any part of aircrew. Working very hard. [He] is keen, well-disciplined and should do well as captain of an aircraft”
Larry’s body was recovered from the sea east of Afonwen Junction, Caernarvonshire, on August 4, 1944, and he was buried at Blacon cemetery in Chester, on August 4, 1944
Four brothers Billy, 17, Charlie 15, Rafferty 13, and Laurie 12 make up The Entitled Sons. The band name is a cheeky reference to how they felt some TV viewers would describe their upbringing after seeing them on their mum, Sarah Beeny's, latest TV show.
Debuting their first song "Break" on the TV show in the local pub near Bruton, it was only a few days later that they found themselves in the iTunes top 10, ahead of the likes of Ed Sheeran, Elton John, Dua Lipa and Years & Years.
A cultural event entitled “Follow Georgia” featuring an exhibition of work by contemporary Georgian artist Ms. Tamara Kvesitadze and a music performance by ethno-jazz band “Shin” was held on the sidelines of the Assemblies of WIPO Member States, which met from October 2-11, 2017.
Ms. Tamara Kvesitadze’s works take roots in antiquity and mythology as well as in surrealism, which successfully combine art and construction. The music of the Shin smoothly combines Georgian folk melodies with jazz, which is the sound of Georgia’s musical encounter with the world.
WIPO co-organized the event with the Government of Georgia to mark the 25th Anniversary of the National Intellectual Property Center of Georgia – SAKPATENTI.
Copyright: WIPO. Photo: Violaine Martin. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 IGO License.
Scan of an analog photo taken in September 1998
The bronze work, entitled Meditation, Infinity, Life , reflects the symbolist taste and inspiration from classic literature typical of Decadentism. In the foreground, a reclining male figure contemplates a skull; the pose recalls that of The Thinker by sculptor Auguste Rodin (1840 - 1917), inspired by Dante Alighieri's Divine Comedy (1265 - 1321) and which became a symbol of the artist's torment during the creative process. Furthermore, the presence of the skull refers to the classic representations of Hamlet by William Shakespeare (1564 - 1616), in which the protagonist enunciates the famous phrase "To be, or not to be, this is the dilemma ", origin of the so-called" Hamletic doubt ": existential question of living by accepting the suffering inherent in human nature, or giving up life by choosing to embrace the uncertainty of what awaits us after death .
Luigi Panzeri (1864 - 1939), an impressionist who loved “subjects that arouse pathetic emotions”, was one of the most prolific sculptors in the Monumental Cemetery, a place where he too rests.
Source: monumentale.comune.milano.it/index.php/monumenti/monument...
Journal
“BIRDS IN PARADISE”
By
Merryjoy Yamanaka
My work is entitled “Bird in Paradise”. My motivation was the tropical island setting in Saipan and its beautiful birds. As I started to draw the bird, I realized that it looked like the symbols represented in the old NMC Logo. I integrated different symbols as the Latte stone, Plumeria flower (our local symbolic flower), Hibiscus (ylang-ylang), coconut trees, beetle nuts (representing tradition and culture), and the fish (represents livelihood) in Saipan.
I expanded the basic idea by incorporate all the symbols that represent Saipan. My looking at many media sources like the phone book, calendars, menus and magazines; I discovered how many different pictures and symbols reminds one of the islands. I never realized how many different pictures and symbols give representation to the island.
My design incorporated the pictures and symbols of the island which I cut and pasted into the final artwork used in my project. I changed some of the shapes to fit into one mosaic that ties together my theme of Bird in Paradise which is the focal point of my design.
I used different kinds of pencils (6) to darken and give texture to different areas. Efforts focused on given the illusion of negative artwork by contrasting black and white areas and the range of shades of these two colors.
The design was aimed at showing and telling via beautiful pictures our island’s paradise setting. On the right side is the beach with coconut trees and the “Latte Stones” surrounded by grass on a sunny beach. In contrasting black and white, clouds float above the setting. On the left side, a large sun explodes with waves of black and white sunlight. Sunrays magnify the contrast of the birds, ocean and flowers. The flowers float in the sunray and below are ocean waves that carry them gently. But by contrast, I made large waves curling around the flowers as they pass out on the tide.
The Hibiscus is in the lower center floating on a school of fish. These fish represent the local tradition of fishing supporting our beautiful flowers which balances against the Plumeria above falling from the sky.
Design is original and unique which combines easily recognizable and picturesque symbols. The design incorporates a rhythm that each individual pictures flows into the other by simple contrasting colors and texture. The design is balanced and well proportioned to create a mosaic of action telling an island story. Culture, tradition, environment are ties together in artwork telling a local story. All the objects in the drawings are inspirational in causing the observer to journey and experience the Bird of Paradise.
Captain Cecilia Erzuah of Ghana, receiver of the Military Gender Advocate of the Year Award, addresses the event entitled “Dag Hammarskjöld Medal Ceremony and Military Gender Advocate of the Year Award” held on the occasion of the International Day of United Nations Peacekeepers (29 May).
The event is organized by the Department of Peace Operations (DPO) and the Office of Military Affairs (OMA).
UN Photo/Evan Schneider
25 May 2023
New York, United States of America
Photo # UN7987499
An exhibition entitled “Furthering Intellectual Property in Colombia” was held on the sidelines of the Assemblies of WIPO Member States, which met from October 2-11, 2017.
It explored intellectual property (IP) rights protection in Colombia, the development of its national IP system and the country’s continuous efforts to foster innovation and creativity. WIPO co-organized the event with the Government of Colombia.
Copyright: WIPO. Photo: Violaine Martin. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 IGO License.
An exhibition entitled “Contemporary Mexican Design with a Vision towards the Future” was held on the sidelines of the Assemblies of WIPO Member States, which met from October 2-11, 2017.
The exhibition featured the work of young designers who capture the fine tapestry of cultural pluralism of Mexico, and who bind together the exquisite substance of identity, traditions and crafts with excellence in contemporary shapes, materials and functionality. WIPO co-organized the event with the Government of Mexico.
Copyright: WIPO. Photo: Violaine Martin. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 IGO License.
Technical panel entitled "On-Site Insight! Technical SEO Advice from the
Pros", including presentations from:
Aaron Kahlow - Top 10 Technical SEO Recommendations
moderated by Sean McMahon
copyright © 2009 sean dreilinger
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Ceremony of Glen Cinema Memorial entitled Rattle Little Mother at Dunn Square Paisley.
Location Of Names On Rattle Little Mother, Glen Cinema Memorial
Front “ To The Children Of The Glen Cinema “
Left Panel as you face front of memorial which faces in the direction of the Piazza “ Elizabeth Leonard - Samuel McBlane - Sarah McCafferty - Robert McConnell - Nellie McCran - Minnie McCran - Edward McEnhill - Margaret McEnhill - James McEnhill - Denis McGarrity - Robert McGirr - Jeanie McGrattan - Mary McWattie - Margaret Morrow - Robert Niven - Georgina Peacock - Tom Perkins - John Pinkerton - William Pinkerton - Alexander Telfer - William Rae - Thomas Renfrew - George Scott - William Spears - Jane Stevenson - Robert Wingate.
Back of Memorial which faces Paisley Town Hall “ James Gielty - John Gielty - Norman Gillies - John Goodwin - Henry Green - Mary Green - Archibald Grogan - Annie Hamilton - George Hammond “ 31 December 1929 “ Elizabeth Hart - Peter Houston - Thomas Howard - Julia Irvine - William Irvine - Thomas Jackson - James Johnston - George Kennedy - Helen Kilkie - Thomas Kilkie.
Right panel as you face front of memorial which faces towards Forbes Place “ Robert Adams - Robert Alexander - John Bell - William Black - Hugh Blue - John Bowes - David Boyd - Caroline Brain - Lily Buchanan - John Cairns - Daniel Corbett - Elizabeth Corrigan - Agnes Coyle - Robert Craig - Francis Curran - Elizabeth Dempster - Leah Dixon - Mary Dolan - George Elliott - Henry Elliott - Bessie Finlay - Enso Fiori - Janet Fitch - William Fitch - James Gatherer - Margaret Gibson.
N.B All lettering in gold except from “ 31 December 1929 “ on rear of memorial which is in black, both sides contain 26 names whilst there is 19 names on the bac
Four brothers Billy, 17, Charlie 15, Rafferty 13, and Laurie 12 make up The Entitled Sons. The band name is a cheeky reference to how they felt some TV viewers would describe their upbringing after seeing them on their mum, Sarah Beeny's, latest TV show.
Debuting their first song "Break" on the TV show in the local pub near Bruton, it was only a few days later that they found themselves in the iTunes top 10, ahead of the likes of Ed Sheeran, Elton John, Dua Lipa and Years & Years.
A cultural event entitled “ASEAN @ 50 – Intellectual Property, Innovation and Development” featuring innovations from the bloc’s ten member countries and musical and dance performances was held on the sidelines of the Assemblies of WIPO Member States, which met from October 2-11, 2017. WIPO co-organized the event with the Association of South East Asian Nations (ASEAN) to mark the Organization’s 50th anniversary.
Copyright: WIPO. Photo: Violaine Martin. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 IGO License.
From my set entitled “False Lamium”
www.flickr.com/photos/21861018@N00/sets/72157607213707592/
In my collection entitled “The Garden”
www.flickr.com/photos/21861018@N00/collections/7215760718...
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yellow_Archangel
Lamiastrum galeobdolon, commonly known as Yellow Archangel, is a widespread wildflower in Europe, and has been introduced elsewhere as a garden plant. It displays the zygomorphic flower morphology, opposite leaves, and square stem typical of the mint family, Lamiaceae. The flowers are soft yellow and borne in axial clusters, with a prominent 'hood' (the dorsal lobe of the corolla) similar to that of Lamium. It works well as a ground cover because it spreads easily. Caution must be taken when planting due to its invasiveness. The leaves often have variegation, showing as silver patches arranged as a wide semicircle.
Daniel Chester French and Henry Bacon's memorial fountain to the Boston philanthropist George Robert White entitled "The Angel of the Waters", created in 1924. Constructed of granite and bronze, the fountain was disabled in the 1980s and remained so until 2016 when it was repaired and restored by the Friends of the Public Garden / Boston Public Garden, is a large park in the heart of Boston, Massachusetts, adjacent to Boston Common. It is a part of the Emerald Necklace system of parks, and is bounded by Charles Street and Boston Common to the east, Beacon Street to the north, Arlington Street and Back Bay to the west, and Boylston Street to the south. The Public Garden was the first public botanical garden in America. Boston's Back Bay, including the land the garden sits on, was mudflats until filling began in the early 1800s. The land of the Public Garden was the earliest filled, as the area that is now Charles Street had been used as a ropewalk since 1796. The town of Boston granted ropemakers use of the land on July 30, 1794, after a fire had destroyed the ropewalks in a more populated area of the city. As a condition of its use, the ropewalk's proprietors were required to build a seawall and fill in the land which is now Charles Street and the land immediately bordering it (now a part of the Public Garden). In February 1824, the city of Boston purchased back the land granted to the ropemakers and the Public Garden was established in 1837, when philanthropist Horace Gray petitioned for the use of land as the first public botanical garden in the United States. The 24 acres landscape was designed by George F. Meacham. The paths and flower beds were laid out by the city engineer, James Slade, and the forester, John Galvin. The plan for the garden included a number of fountains and statues, many of which were erected in the late 1860s. The most notable statue is perhaps that of George Washington, done in 1869 by Thomas Ball, which dominates the western entrance to the park facing Commonwealth Avenue. The signature suspension bridge over the middle of the pond was erected in 1869.The Public Garden is managed jointly between the Mayor's Office, The Parks Department of the City of Boston, and the non-profit Friends of the Public Garden. It was designated a Boston Landmark by the Boston Landmarks Commission in 1977 and declared a National Historic Landmark in 1987.
Ceremony of Glen Cinema Memorial entitled Rattle Little Mother at Dunn Square Paisley.
Location Of Names On Rattle Little Mother, Glen Cinema Memorial
Front “ To The Children Of The Glen Cinema “
Left Panel as you face front of memorial which faces in the direction of the Piazza “ Elizabeth Leonard - Samuel McBlane - Sarah McCafferty - Robert McConnell - Nellie McCran - Minnie McCran - Edward McEnhill - Margaret McEnhill - James McEnhill - Denis McGarrity - Robert McGirr - Jeanie McGrattan - Mary McWattie - Margaret Morrow - Robert Niven - Georgina Peacock - Tom Perkins - John Pinkerton - William Pinkerton - Alexander Telfer - William Rae - Thomas Renfrew - George Scott - William Spears - Jane Stevenson - Robert Wingate.
Back of Memorial which faces Paisley Town Hall “ James Gielty - John Gielty - Norman Gillies - John Goodwin - Henry Green - Mary Green - Archibald Grogan - Annie Hamilton - George Hammond “ 31 December 1929 “ Elizabeth Hart - Peter Houston - Thomas Howard - Julia Irvine - William Irvine - Thomas Jackson - James Johnston - George Kennedy - Helen Kilkie - Thomas Kilkie.
Right panel as you face front of memorial which faces towards Forbes Place “ Robert Adams - Robert Alexander - John Bell - William Black - Hugh Blue - John Bowes - David Boyd - Caroline Brain - Lily Buchanan - John Cairns - Daniel Corbett - Elizabeth Corrigan - Agnes Coyle - Robert Craig - Francis Curran - Elizabeth Dempster - Leah Dixon - Mary Dolan - George Elliott - Henry Elliott - Bessie Finlay - Enso Fiori - Janet Fitch - William Fitch - James Gatherer - Margaret Gibson.
N.B All lettering in gold except from “ 31 December 1929 “ on rear of memorial which is in black, both sides contain 26 names whilst there is 19 names on the bac
An exhibition entitled “Furthering Intellectual Property in Colombia” was held on the sidelines of the Assemblies of WIPO Member States, which met from October 2-11, 2017.
It explored intellectual property (IP) rights protection in Colombia, the development of its national IP system and the country’s continuous efforts to foster innovation and creativity. WIPO co-organized the event with the Government of Colombia.
Copyright: WIPO. Photo: Violaine Martin. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 IGO License.
Ceremony of Glen Cinema Memorial entitled Rattle Little Mother at Dunn Square Paisley.
Location Of Names On Rattle Little Mother, Glen Cinema Memorial
Front “ To The Children Of The Glen Cinema “
Left Panel as you face front of memorial which faces in the direction of the Piazza “ Elizabeth Leonard - Samuel McBlane - Sarah McCafferty - Robert McConnell - Nellie McCran - Minnie McCran - Edward McEnhill - Margaret McEnhill - James McEnhill - Denis McGarrity - Robert McGirr - Jeanie McGrattan - Mary McWattie - Margaret Morrow - Robert Niven - Georgina Peacock - Tom Perkins - John Pinkerton - William Pinkerton - Alexander Telfer - William Rae - Thomas Renfrew - George Scott - William Spears - Jane Stevenson - Robert Wingate.
Back of Memorial which faces Paisley Town Hall “ James Gielty - John Gielty - Norman Gillies - John Goodwin - Henry Green - Mary Green - Archibald Grogan - Annie Hamilton - George Hammond “ 31 December 1929 “ Elizabeth Hart - Peter Houston - Thomas Howard - Julia Irvine - William Irvine - Thomas Jackson - James Johnston - George Kennedy - Helen Kilkie - Thomas Kilkie.
Right panel as you face front of memorial which faces towards Forbes Place “ Robert Adams - Robert Alexander - John Bell - William Black - Hugh Blue - John Bowes - David Boyd - Caroline Brain - Lily Buchanan - John Cairns - Daniel Corbett - Elizabeth Corrigan - Agnes Coyle - Robert Craig - Francis Curran - Elizabeth Dempster - Leah Dixon - Mary Dolan - George Elliott - Henry Elliott - Bessie Finlay - Enso Fiori - Janet Fitch - William Fitch - James Gatherer - Margaret Gibson.
N.B All lettering in gold except from “ 31 December 1929 “ on rear of memorial which is in black, both sides contain 26 names whilst there is 19 names on the bac
Entitled Play On (2007) by Robert Dawson
It comprises approximately 2,500 tiles and through seven discrete panels spans 28 metres, almost covering the upper area of the building’s façade. In this multi-sectioned mural the original black and white grid of a chessboard goes from small to large with Escher-esque corners, twists, and impossible angles. As with much of his work, the optical illusions have multi- stability, the images move inwards and outwards, being visually neither stable nor totally unstable.
New Deal mural entitled "Indians Cede the Land" painted by George Melville Smith in 1940. The mural was removed from the old post office in 1970 and held in storage by a Paul Carlson. After his death, his family returned the mural to the City who is now having it restored at Parma Conservation in Chicago. It was in really bad shape due to way it was basically ripped off the wall--lot of paint was lost. The right side has been "over painted" to restore the original image.
History of the mural and removal:
A cultural event entitled “Follow Georgia” featuring an exhibition of work by contemporary Georgian artist Ms. Tamara Kvesitadze and a music performance by ethno-jazz band “Shin” was held on the sidelines of the Assemblies of WIPO Member States, which met from October 2-11, 2017.
Ms. Tamara Kvesitadze’s works take roots in antiquity and mythology as well as in surrealism, which successfully combine art and construction. The music of the Shin smoothly combines Georgian folk melodies with jazz, which is the sound of Georgia’s musical encounter with the world.
WIPO co-organized the event with the Government of Georgia to mark the 25th Anniversary of the National Intellectual Property Center of Georgia – SAKPATENTI.
Copyright: WIPO. Photo: Violaine Martin. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 IGO License.
Technical panel entitled "On-Site Insight! Technical SEO Advice from the
Pros", including presentations from:
Aaron Kahlow - Top 10 Technical SEO Recommendations
moderated by Sean McMahon
copyright © 2009 sean dreilinger
view susan moskwa - on-site insight! technical seo advice from the pros - sempdx searchfest 2009 - _MG_9356 on a black background.
Travel to NOLA - February 2024 - Krewe Of Zulu
Early in 1909, a group of laborers in a club named ?The Tramps? went to the Pythian Theater to see a musical comedy that included a skit entitled, 'There Never Was and Never Will Be a King Like Me' about the Zulu Tribe. According to legend, after seeing the skit, they retired to their meeting place (a room in the rear of a restaurant/bar in the 1100 block of Perdido Street), and emerged as Zulus. The rest, as they say, is history. Years of extensive research by Zulu's staff of historians, however, seem to indicate that Zulu's beginning was much more complicated than that.
Conversations and interviews with older members indicate that, back in the day, the city was divided into wards, and each ward had its own group or ?Club.? The Tramps were one such group. The group that founded Zulu was probably made up of both members from the Tramps and other ward-based groups and members of a Benevolent Aid Society. Benevolent Societies were the first forms of insurance in the Black community. For a small amount of dues, members received financial help when they got sick or there was a funeral to pay for.
While the men marched in Mardi Gras as early as 1901, their first appearance as Zulus came in 1909, with William Story as King. The group wore raggedy pants, and had a Jubilee-singing quartet in front of and behind King Story. His costume of 'lard can' crown and 'banana stalk' scepter has been well-documented. The Kings following William Story in the early days were similarly attired.
The year 1915 heralded the first use of floats, constructed on a spring wagon, using dry good boxes. The float was decorated with palmetto leaves and moss and carried four Dukes along with the King. That humble beginning gave rise to the lavish floats we see in the Zulu parade today.
Today Zulu is famous for their coconut throw ? quite possibly the most coveted throw in all of Mardi Gras. Zulu?s honor guard is called the Soulful Warriors; and they have characters including Big Shot, Witch Doctor, Ambassador, Mayor, Province Prince, Governor and Mr. Big Stuff.
The most famous Krewe of Zulu king was Louis Armstrong who reigned in 1949.
Year founded: 1909
Membership: 1500 male riders
Signature throw: hand decorated coconuts
Ceremony of Glen Cinema Memorial entitled Rattle Little Mother at Dunn Square Paisley.
Location Of Names On Rattle Little Mother, Glen Cinema Memorial
Front “ To The Children Of The Glen Cinema “
Left Panel as you face front of memorial which faces in the direction of the Piazza “ Elizabeth Leonard - Samuel McBlane - Sarah McCafferty - Robert McConnell - Nellie McCran - Minnie McCran - Edward McEnhill - Margaret McEnhill - James McEnhill - Denis McGarrity - Robert McGirr - Jeanie McGrattan - Mary McWattie - Margaret Morrow - Robert Niven - Georgina Peacock - Tom Perkins - John Pinkerton - William Pinkerton - Alexander Telfer - William Rae - Thomas Renfrew - George Scott - William Spears - Jane Stevenson - Robert Wingate.
Back of Memorial which faces Paisley Town Hall “ James Gielty - John Gielty - Norman Gillies - John Goodwin - Henry Green - Mary Green - Archibald Grogan - Annie Hamilton - George Hammond “ 31 December 1929 “ Elizabeth Hart - Peter Houston - Thomas Howard - Julia Irvine - William Irvine - Thomas Jackson - James Johnston - George Kennedy - Helen Kilkie - Thomas Kilkie.
Right panel as you face front of memorial which faces towards Forbes Place “ Robert Adams - Robert Alexander - John Bell - William Black - Hugh Blue - John Bowes - David Boyd - Caroline Brain - Lily Buchanan - John Cairns - Daniel Corbett - Elizabeth Corrigan - Agnes Coyle - Robert Craig - Francis Curran - Elizabeth Dempster - Leah Dixon - Mary Dolan - George Elliott - Henry Elliott - Bessie Finlay - Enso Fiori - Janet Fitch - William Fitch - James Gatherer - Margaret Gibson.
N.B All lettering in gold except from “ 31 December 1929 “ on rear of memorial which is in black, both sides contain 26 names whilst there is 19 names on the bac
In this sculpture entitled "Marble Chair,” Ai Weiwei carved stone into the shape of an antique Chinese yokeback chair in a representation of the continuities and disruptions of Chinese culture that began during the Cultural Revolution and still continues today. The austere appearance of the object and its ability to represent all that has been lost in the modernization of China render it a testament to the complex historical tensions of China's past.
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