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Roughly 17% of all the urban land in the United States is located in the 100-year flood zone. Likewise, in Japan about 50% of the population lives on floodplains, which cover only 10% of the land area. In Bangladesh, the percentage of floodprone areas is much higher and inundation of more than half of the country is not uncommon.
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This photo has been graciously provided to be used in the GRID-Arendal resources library by: Philippe Rekacewicz, Emmanuelle Bournay, UNEP/GRID-Arendal
Schematic outlining LifeKludger vision - an ecosystem for enriching human life.
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Northern Pine Snakes live in xeric sandy rich habitats mostly within the Longleaf Pine Ecosystem. In these pine-oak communities, Pine Snakes live almost entirely underground hunting suitable mammalian prey. Prescribed fire during the growing season (April-July) promotes an open canopy and rich herbaceous layer which is required to keep this forest in an early successional state.
From water sampling to ecosystem studies and trail maintenance, Union Mine High School students put their outdoor skills to the test at the Greenwood Creek River Access on December 5, 2017.
As part of a biannual class focusing on watersheds and ecosystems, students spent the morning in small groups rotating across the area, managed by the Bureau of Land Management in California. Jeff Horn, lead recreation planner for the BLM Mother Lode Field Office, helped oversee activities and provided a brief overview of the nearly 20,000 acres of public lands.
“Greenwood Creek River Access provides the public with access to the many outdoor recreation activities – like fishing, hunting, rafting, biking and horseback riding – that you would expect from such an amazing place,” Horn said.
Mother Lode, also known as Gold Country for its numerous mining districts, is a historic area along the western slope of the Sierra Nevada.
Students hiked a short distance to the South Fork of the American River, which offers renowned whitewater rafting and fishing opportunities. One group of students measured phosphate, nitrogen and pH levels in the river with a multiparameter water-testing meter, while others learned about the importance of public lands in preserving native ecosystems.
A third group assisted with the identification and removal of Scotch broom along nearby trails. The invasive shrub has damaged the habitats of native plants and animals in the area, and can be removed with a specialized tool. Students also repaired a split-rail fence and helped define trail boundaries using downed tree branches.
“I’ve never had the opportunity to come out here before,” said Chris, one of the students learning about trail maintenance, who said he looks forward to mountain biking in the area with his family.
Union Mine High School teachers emphasized the importance of applying science studies in a real-world environment, and allowing students to see how biologists and hydrologists conduct testing and experimentation.
“For some kids, they have never been out on the river; they have never been on trails and hikes, so this is just a good experience to get them out of their comfort zone and hopefully make them want to come back out,” said Chad McGowan, a biology teacher and Science Department chair at Union Mine High School.
This event is part of the BLM’s ongoing mission to sustain the health, diversity and productivity of America’s public lands for the use and enjoyment of present and future generations.
Photo by John Ciccarelli, BLM.
Aambyvalley rd.,(Kurvande),Lonavala,Mah.,India
www.inaturalist.org/observations/19325652#activity_identi...
www.inaturalist.org/observations/1352492#activity_identif...
The hustle and bustle of Melbourne coupled with Melbourne's biggest ScaleUps. Photos by Tim Carrafa.
Kenya's Tana River watershed is impacted by soil erosion which affects communities downstream. The Tana River watershed is Kenya's life blood. CIAT and partners are exploring ecosystems trade-offs to benefit both the environment and improve farmer incomes and livelihoods. Read the full story here: bit.ly/11xEk3F
Credit: ©2014CIAT/GeorginaSmith
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Summer afternoon view of the Donner und Blitzen River from the South Steens Loop Road, south of the Riddle Brother's Ranch, July 11, 2018, by Greg Shine, BLM.
From its headwaters on Steens Mountain to the Malheur National Wildlife Refuge boundary, the Donner und Blitzen Wild and Scenic River offers breathtakingly beautiful scenic glaciated canyons, unique ecosystems, and exceptional wild trout fisheries.
The Donner und Blitzen River, known as the Blitzen River and its tributaries, is located approximately 70 miles south of Bums, Oregon. The river and its tributaries originate on the west slopes of the Steens Mountain and flow in a northwesterly direction before entering the 185,000-acre Malheur National Wildlife Refuge. The Refuge is dependent upon the water generated on the Steens. Much of the river's length is situated in deeply carved canyons. The preliminary boundary configuration includes 22,625 acres.
The designated river corridor for the Donner und Blitzen River contains a diversity of landforms and vegetation that captures the attention of the viewer. The river and its tributaries pass through several vegetation zones which are the result of climatic factors such as temperature, elevation and precipitation.
The progression, from the lower sagebrush/bunchgrass community to the upper subalpine zone, gives depth and variety to the different settings from which the viewer experiences the scenery. It is one of the greatest qualities of this river system. In the upper elevations, river users have an opportunity for a primitive experience viewing textbook examples of glaciated canyons and deep basalt formations of the main Blitzen River. These view sheds are largely untouched and in a natural condition.
Portions of the river system fall within the Steens Mountain Wilderness. With such a diversity of landscapes within a river system, the visual qualities result in an outstandingly remarkable value.
A use survey, conducted in 1988 for the Steens Mountain Recreation Lands (which includes the Blitzen River and its tributaries), showed that Steens Mountain is visited by recreationists of geographically diverse origins. Sixty-four percent of the visitors to the Steens are from western Oregon, 19 percent from eastern Oregon, and 17 percent from outside states such as Washington, Idaho, California, and Nevada.
Steens Mountain is a destination area due to its unique resource characteristics and associated recreation opportunities. Visitors travel long distances to recreate because of the following attributes:
The river canyons offer high scenic quality in the form of glaciated canyons, along with a variety of diverse vegetation due to climatic conditions.
The river provides a rare 2 to 4-day backpack trip or horseback experience for individuals with moderate skill levels. Portions of the Oregon Desert Trail are within sections of the river canyons.
Existing recreation uses that are exceptional in quality include fishing, hunting, hiking, photography, wildlife, and scenic viewing. Due to the small size of the stream, the river segments are not used for boating.
The river first received wild and scenic designation on October 28, 1988, from its headwaters to the confluence with the South Fork Blitzen and Little Blitzen Rivers, including the Little Blitzen River, South Fork Blitzen River, Big Indian Creek, Little Indian Creek and Fish Creek tributaries.
On October 30, 2000, legislation expanded the river's wild and scenic designation to include Mud Creek from its source to its confluence with the Donner und Blitzen River; Ankle Creek from its headwaters to its confluence with the Donner und Blitzen River; and the South Fork of Ankle Creek from its source to its confluence with Ankle Creek.
To learn more about the river and plan a visit, contact the BLM Burns District office through one of the options below:
BLM Burns District
28910 Hwy 20 West
Hines, OR 97738
Telephone: 541-573-4400
Fax: 541-573-4411
E-mail: BLM_OR_BU_Mail@blm.gov
Isla Espíritu Santo is an island in the Gulf of California, off the Mexican state of Baja California Sur. It is separated from Isla Partida by a narrow canal. It has a land area of 80.763 square kilometres (31.183 sq mi), the 12th-largest island in Mexico. Isla Partida's land area is 15.495 square kilometres (5.983 sq mi). They are part of La Paz Municipality and are both a short boat trip from La Paz on the Baja California Peninsula. The area is protected as part of the Área de Protección de Flora y Fauna - Islas del Golfo de California (APFF-IGC), and is an important eco-tourism destination. It was declared part of a Biosphere Reserve by UNESCO in 1995.[3] Espíritu Santo is the only known habitat of the black jackrabbit.[4] The islands are both uninhabited. Sea kayaking is a popular activity around the island. The surrounding reefs are home to parrotfish, angelfish,[6] trumpetfish, Moorish idols, and rainbow wrasse, while many other species pass nearby including sharks, rays, turtles, dolphins, and even whales. Birds include brown pelicans, great blue herons, snowy egrets, turkey vultures, and hummingbirds. A large sea lion colony resides on Los Islotes, off the north tip of the islands.
Ecossistema formado em um pequeno vaso de plantas ...
Ecosystem that has grown inside a little flower pot
By far my favourite combination: an Ecosystem notebook + a black leather VadeMecum Pocket Cover.
The ecosystem notebook is exactly the same as the Moleskine. The cover fits like a glove.
Seven species of marine mammals live in the Arctic year-round – the bowhead whale, beluga whale, narwhal, ringed seal, beaded seal, walrus, and polar bear - and many more migrate to the Arctic seasonally. Many marine mammals aggregate in specific areas across the Arctic, for example to feed, or for whelping, pupping or moulting. A common feature of marine mammals in the Arctic is that they are associated with sea ice, although the ecological relationship between sea ice and a species varies. On-going declines in sea ice is likely to lead to changes in the sea-ice ecosystem towards a sub-Arctic ecosystem, and will affect marine mammals in a number of ways both on land and at sea. For example, those species that are most strongly linked to sea ice may retreat to sea ice refugia across the Arctic. There will be increased competition (and predation) from invasive temperate species. Marine mammals will also affected by an increase in human activities like shipping and exploitation of natural resources in areas previously inaccessible due to ice.
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This photo has been graciously provided to be used in the GRID-Arendal resources library by: Riccardo Pravettoni
Dune ridges become progressively lower inland as the sand supply diminishes. Dunes become grey in colour as humus builds up and moisture retention increases. Soil acidity increases. The environment here is less harsh. There is shelter, fresh water and soil. Many new species appear - creeping williow, sea buckthorn, ragwort, fescue grass are all species that could be found in this type of area. Marram grass dies out.
Colombia's eastern plains, or Llanos.
Credit: ©2011CIAT/NeilPalmer
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Fomes fomentarius (commonly known as the Tinder Fungus, Hoof Fungus, Tinder Conk, Tinder Polypore or Ice Man Fungus) is a species of fungal plant pathogen found in Europe, Asia, Africa and North America. The species produces very large polypore fruit bodies which are shaped like a horse's hoof and vary in colour from a silvery grey to almost black, though they are normally brown. It grows on the side of various species of tree, which it infects through broken bark, causing rot. The species typically continues to live on trees long after they have died, changing from a parasite to a decomposer.
Though inedible, F. fomentarius has traditionally seen use as the main ingredient of amadou, a material used primarily as tinder, but also used to make clothing and other items. The 5,000-year-old Ötzi the Iceman carried four pieces of F. fomentarius, concluded to be for use as tinder. It also has medicinal and other uses. The species is both a pest and useful in timber production.
Fomes fomentarius has a fruit body of between 5 and 45 centimetres (2.0 and 18 in) across, 3 and 25 cm (1.2 and 9.8 in) wide and 2 and 25 cm (0.8 and 9.8 in) thick, which attaches broadly to the tree on which the fungus is growing. The species typically has broad, concentric ridges, with a blunt and rounded margin. The flesh is hard and fibrous, and a cinnamon brown colour. The upper surface is tough, bumpy, hard and woody, varying in colour, usually a light brown or grey. The margin is whitish during periods of growth. The hard crust is from 1 to 2 mm (0.04 to 0.08 in) thick, and covers the tough flesh. The underside has round pores of a cream colour when new, maturing to brown, though they darken when handled.
Fomes fomentarius is a stem decay plant pathogen. The species' mycelium penetrates the wood of trees through damaged bark or broken branches, causing rot in the host. It can grow on the bark wound, or even directly onto the bark of older or dead trees. Despite beginning as a parasite, the species is able to survive for a time (hastening decomposition) on fallen or felled trees as a saprotrophic feeder, and typically lives there for years, until the log is completely destroyed.
The fruit bodies are perennial, surviving for up to thirty years. The strongest growth period is between early summer and autumn. The yearly growth always occurs on the bottom of the fungus, meaning that the lowest layer is the youngest.
The species is well known for its uses in making fire. It can be used to make amadou, a tinder. Amadou is produced from the flesh of the fruit bodies. The young fruit bodies are soaked in water before being cut into strips, and are then beaten and stretched, separating the fibres. The resulting material is referred to as "red amadou". The addition of gunpowder or nitre produced an even more potent tinder. The flesh was further used to produce clothing, including caps, gloves and breeches. Amadou was used medicinally by dentists, who used it to dry teeth, and surgeons, who used it as a styptic. It is still used today in fly fishing for drying the flies. Other items of clothing and even picture frames and ornaments have been known to be made from the fungus in Europe, particularly Bohemia. The fungus is known to have been used as a firestarter in Hedeby, and it is known that the fungus was used as early as 3000 BCE. When found, the 5,000-year-old Ötzi the Iceman was carrying four pieces of F. fomentarius fruit body. Chemical tests led to the conclusion that he carried it for use as tinder.
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De echte tonderzwam is een paddenstoel die leeft op zwakke en dode loofbomen. Hij is vooral te vinden op beuken en berken en af en toe ook op linde of eik. Op gezonde bomen zul je de tonderzwam niet aantreffen, hij maakt alleen gebruik van verzwakte, zieke bomen. Als hij zich eenmaal op zo' n boom heeft gevestigd, gaat die boom onherroepelijk dood. Na het afsterven van hun gastheer kunnen zich nog jarenlang nieuwe vruchtlichamen ontwikkelen op het dode hout. De echte tonderzwam groeit op allerlei loofbomen. Tonderzwammen zijn meerjarige paddenstoelen, je kunt ze dus het hele jaar door zien.
De Tonderzwammen profiteren van een andere visie op bosbeheer. Lange tijd werden dode en zieke bomen grondig verwijderd. Echter tegenwoordig mogen deze bomen blijven staan omdat ze een belangrijke rol vervullen in het ecosysteem, de flinke toename van de Tonderzwam is daaraan te danken.
De hoed van de Tonderzwam is hoefvormig en kan een halve meter doorsnede bereiken en wel 25 cm dik. De bovenzijde is een dunne maar harde korst met gekleurde ringen. De onderrand is een zachte, wat fluwelig aanvoelende rand en wat meer bruin gekleurd.
Aan de onderzijde zitten ontelbare hele kleine buisjes, die je met het blote oog niet kan zien. Je hebt daar een vergrootglas voor nodig of je kan er zoals hierboven een foto van maken met een macrolens. Uit die kleine buisjes komen de witte sporen.
In de negentiende eeuw werd de Tonderzwam veel gebruikt in Tondeldozen. Een Tondeldoos is een kokertje of doosje waarin een licht ontvlambaar materiaal werd gedaan. Dat materiaal noemt men een tondel. Als tondel maakte men wel gebruik van een gedroogd en met paardenurine behandeld stukje Tonderzwam. Met een vuursteentje en een metalen ring (het vuurijzer) werd het brandbare materiaal met vonken aangestoken. Vervolgens werd het vuur weer uitgeblazen, maar het materiaal bleef smeulen. Er werd een deksel op het doosje gedaan en zo kon de smeulende tondel meegebracht worden en kon men eenvoudig onderweg een nieuw vuur ontsteken.
"Snijd het buitenste harde en taaije gedeelte van deeze swammen af, en deelt ze in dunne stukken; legt ze vervolgens enige dagen te weeken in een loog van asch, en kookt ze daar na helder in die loog; gekookt en wel gedroogt zijnde, klopt ze ter deegen met een houten hamer, zo zal ze heel zagt worden, en een stukje daarvan door een vonk van't vuurslag terstond vuur vatten; Anderen kooken ze in een loog van salpeter; en nog anderen in pisse, het welk goed is; het koomt 'er maar hoofdzakelijk op aan, dat de swam door kooking en klopping wel zagt gemaakt zij; Deze bereide swam heeft doorgaans een bruinagtige koleur, en is heel zagt."
Deze stevige zwam is, zeker in de 18de en 19de eeuw, een soort industrieel product avant la lettre geweest. Het bruine vlees werd niet alleen voor de bereiding van tondels gebruikt maar ook als bloedstelpend verbandmiddel. Het was dan ook opgenomen in de apothekersboeken als ‘Fungus Chirurgorum’ dus chirurgische zwam. Van schijfjes Fomes produceerde men ook een soort juchtleer, waar handschoenen en wondlappen van gemaakt werden. De bewerkte vezel diende ook om lichte, warme mutsjes te fabriceren. In Hongarije en omstreken worden nog steeds hoedjes gemaakt van de tonderzwam.
De bereidingen van het bloedstelpend materiaal en de bereiding van tondel werden beschreven in het "Huishoudelijk Woordenboek" van 1769. "Men scheid het buitenste harde gedeelte daar van af, snijd dezelve in min of meer dikke platte stukken, en klopt ze met een hamer, om ze zagt te maaken, en bewaart ze aldus: bij het gebruik legt men een stuk van deeze bereide swam op de wonde, van groote als het de wonde vereischt, om dezelve wel te dekken; over dit stuk legt men een ander dat grooter is, en hier over vervolgens een gevoeglijk verband." " Door zijne groote adstringerende kragt, heeft de swam ook die eigenschap het bloed kragtig te stempen in grote wonden, slagader-breuken en andere bloedstortingen."
(bron o.a: natuurkieker.blogspot.nl/2011/02/de-tonderzwam-leeft-van-... )
Aambyvalley Rd.,Off Lonavala,Mah.,India
=Sphetta biocellata(TL:Bombay)
=Pseudosphetta moorei ?
additional photos below.
One of the many visitors to the Jay Mansion in Rye, NY, Sunday afternoon, 2pm, May 2, 2010. Like a good luck charm at our door. Luna moths emerge as adults for one week only and are rarely seen during the day. They are also known as the "Giant Silkworm Moths."
The Actias luna is threatened by pollution and loss of habitat to invasive species. The Jay Heritage Center is committed to protecting the biodiversity of the Jay Property and the fragile ecosystem of which this creature is a denizen.
Moths like these prefer to lay their eggs on trees typical of hardwood forests containing Hickories, and White Oaks (like the ones in proximity to the Jay Mansion.)
tps.cr.nps.gov/nhl/detail.cfm?ResourceId=1844&Resourc...
[O]ne of America's intrinsic sacred sites --'specially special,' if you like -- because a great family's great house and its great and sweeping surrounding landscape have, almost miraculously, both survived intact and are now a permanent part of the America the next centuries of Americans will build." Tony Hiss, Author, Experience of Place.
Jay Heritage Center
210 Boston Post Road
Rye, NY 10580
(914) 698-9275
Email: jayheritagecenter@gmail.com
Follow and like us on:
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A National Historic Landmark since 1993
Member of the African American Heritage Trail of Westchester County since 2004
Member of the Hudson River Valley National Heritage Area since 2009
On NY State's Path Through History (2013)
Embryo dunes. There is very little fresh water for plants and the sand is extremely porous. Plants are blasted by blown sand. Further problems for the plants are caused by salt spray and shifting sands. Sea couch grass, which can extract fresh water from salt water, is one of the few species found here.
FOTD-13Dec COP25 - Official Award Citation For Colossal Fossil Award and Ray of the Year
Today the winner of the Colossal fossil may not come as a surprise to many. Yes there is a country that really outdone others in destroying the climate concretely on the ground and in the negotiations, attacking and killing the very people who are protecting unique ecosystems: indigenous people.
==Brazil is the winner of CAN´s COP25 colossal fossil.==
What a difference a year makes. Cradle of the UNFCCC and widely praised for impressive emission cuts in the last decade, Brazil has become a climate pariah. Eleven months into the far-right government of Jair Bolsonaro, the South American country has joined the United States as one of the main threats to the Paris Agreement.
Bolsonaro, self-dubbed “Capitan Chainsaw”, has managed to kill environmental policies that helped Brazil achieve spectacular emission reductions in the past decade. The results were the highest Amazon deforestation rates in a decade, a spike in land invasions and the murder of three indigenous leaders just this week. The government is also cracking down on environmentalists – who Bolsonaro famously blamed for setting fire to the jungle.
Environment minister and climate denier Ricardo Salles led Brazil’s delegation at COP25, gagging diplomats and trying to blackmail rich countries into giving him cash to increase deforestation of the Amazon rainforest. That of course didn’t pan out, so Salles started criticizing his own country’s NDC.
Brazil had some bizarre behaviors in Madrid, such as blocking mention to human rights on article 6.4 and opposing language on “climate emergency” in the COP decision. And the usual ones, like insisting on lose accounting rules for article 6.4 and on flooding the market with rotten Kyoto credits in order to appease old lobbies that got pink badges for Madrid – unlike civil society. Jair Bolsonaro is a walking carbon bomb who no doubt deserves this great achievement, the Colossal Fossil.
And much more.
==Ray of the Year goes to Indigenous People and the Youth==
Despite continuous discrimination and risk, indigenous people have fought to save the environment since the beginning of time. Today more than ever and despite suffocating closing on their space, they continue to fight at the forefront of climate struggles. For this and for simply existing and challenging systemized monocultures, they systematically get oppressed - often having to hold space with patience, love, and resilience, despite all the violence they face on a daily basis. This COP25, which originally was supposed to be held in Chile, where access was easier, was a golden opportunity to express themselves. But another oppressive government decided to change that and the COP shifted to Madrid. Still, they showed up and raised their voices. Despite exclusion and silencing, they continue to safeguard environmental and cultural diversity and integrity..
Young people around the world have mobilized millions of people to march on the streets, fighting desperately for their lives and their future. It’s not inspiring - indeed it’s downright depressing - that they have to mobilise like this just to get a halfway decent future, but it’s their resilience, their courage, and their determination to never let politicians get away with destruction of their hopes and dreams that is truly inspiring. They have been called radical, yet what is truly radical is to continue blitzing the world with fossil fuels. What’s truly radical, is to pretend that the cost of action is somehow greater than the cost of inaction; the cost of the future, the cost of entire civilisations.
Young people’s mobilisation forced Governments to act, demonstrated the power of the people, and inspired so many.
These beacons of hope deserve CAN´s Ray of the Year. Power to the people.
About the fossils:
Every day at 18:00 local time you can watch the Fossil ceremony in Hall 4 during COP25.
The Fossil of the Day awards were first presented at the climate talks in 1999, in Bonn, initiated by the German NGO Forum. During United Nations climate change negotiations (www.unfccc.int), members of the Climate Action Network (CAN), vote for countries judged to have done their 'best' to block progress in the negotiations in the last days of talks.
About CAN: The Climate Action Network (CAN) is a global network of over 1,300 Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) in more than 120 countries working to promote government and individual action to limit human induced climate change to ecologically sustainable levels.
Watch the Facebook livestream video
Attribution: John Englart/Climate Action Network
Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR) study on above-ground and below-ground biomass in mangrove ecosystems, part of Sustainable Wetlands Adaptation and Mitigation Program (SWAMP). Kubu Raya, West Kalimantan, Indonesia.
Photo by Sigit Deni Sasmito/CIFOR
Related research publication on mangrove:
Mangroves among the most carbon-rich forests in the tropics
www.cifor.org/online-library/browse/view-publication/publ...
Carbon storage in mangrove and peatland ecosystems
www.cifor.org/online-library/browse/view-publication/publ...
For more information about CIFOR’s wetlands research visit: cifor.org/swamp
If you use one of our photos, please credit it accordingly and let us know. You can reach us through our Flickr account or at: cifor-mediainfo@cgiar.org and m.edliadi@cgiar.org
Aambyvalley rd., Upper Lonavala Maharashtra India.
Leucania roseilinea species group
=L.stramen
=L.compta
=L.homopterana
additional photos below.
Bangi-dong Ecosystem Landscape Conservation Are
January 15, 2016
Bangi-dong, Songpa-gu, Seoul
Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism
Korean Culture and Information Service
Korea.net (www.korea.net)
Official Photographer : Jeon Han
This official Republic of Korea photograph is being made available only for publication by news organizations and/or for personal printing by the subject(s) of the photograph. The photograph may not be manipulated in any way. Also, it may not be used in any type of commercial, advertisement, product or promotion that in any way suggests approval or endorsement from the government of the Republic of Korea.
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방이동생태경관보존지역
2016-01-15
방이동
문화체육관광부
해외문화홍보원
코리아넷
전한
The impact of coal fly ash (CFA) exposure to the ecosystem and human health has not gone unnoticed. Is quiet very obvious that CFA disposal will continue unabated and will continue to constitute a menace to the ecosystem as the demands for energy soured-up. This is expected as the utilization and exploration of dormant coal deposits will take a comeback into the energy master-plan of most developing economies. As a fallout of these demands, the health risk associated with CFA, particularly as regards the Nigerian bituminous CFA were reported in this study. Albino rats were separately administered coal fly ash sample burned at a temperatures of 500°C and 900°C. The assumption is to get more insight whether coal burning temperature participated in defining the underlying susceptibility of CFA toxicity. The in vivo study shows the CFA at both ashing temperature exerted similar effect on both the biochemical indices and the histological section of the rats, suggesting the effects to be independent of the temperature at which samples were burned. Even though, the CFA were observed to trigger toxic induced effects, the chapter picture the CFA generated from coal combustion processes as an integral components of a productive cycles than a menace. A resources for other applications and a sink that may act to absorb or detoxify waste. This chapter attempt to establish an ecological symbiosis between the CFA generated as a waste to environmental sustainability by closing material cycle in concert with the ecosystem based on the concept of industrial ecology. The expectations are that the impact of the chapter will influences changing post-processing materials from coal combustion processes from waste to resources. The Nigerian bituminous CFA sample collected at two different ashing temperatures of 500°C and 900°C produced similar biochemical and histological effects. The analyses showed that the effects were not dose and ashing temperatures dependent. Attributed, more probably to the combustion efficiency rather than coal type and fly ash sampling temperature. And more probably to the ability of both the organic and inorganic constituents of the CFA to initiate and induce the formation of free radicals, particularly activated reactive oxygen species, by Fenton-like reaction. To ameliorate the environmental-related concerns of CFA on the ecosystem, the concept of industrial ecology were discussed in line with natural concept of ecology. Placing emphasis on CFA utilization in soil amendment and reclamations, in agriculture, as adsorbents materials, in catalysis, in ceramics and in concretes. The assumption is that changing post-processing materials from waste to resources will reduce economic cost and environmental impact of effluent like CFA.
Biography of author(s)
Dr. Ibrahim Birma Bwatanglang
Department of Pure & Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Adamawa State University Mubi, Nigeria.
Dr. Samuel Tinema Magili
Department of Pure & Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Adamawa State University Mubi, Nigeria.
Mr. Yakubu Musa
Department of Pure & Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Adamawa State University Mubi, Nigeria.
Read full article: bp.bookpi.org/index.php/bpi/catalog/view/27/85/179-1
View More: www.youtube.com/watch?v=odCBSE_Xry0