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A camel is an even-toed ungulate within the genus Camelus, bearing distinctive fatty deposits known as "humps" on its back. The two surviving species of camel are the dromedary, or one-humped camel (C. dromedarius), which inhabits the Middle East and the Horn of Africa; and the Bactrian, or two-humped camel (C. bactrianus), which inhabits Central Asia. Both species have been domesticated; they provide milk, meat, hair for textiles or goods such as felted pouches, and are working animals with tasks ranging from human transport to bearing loads.
The term camel is derived via Latin and Greek (camelus and κάμηλος kamēlos respectively) from Hebrew or Phoeniciangāmāl.
"Camel" is also used more broadly to describe any of the six camel-like mammals in the family Camelidae: the two true camels and the four New World camelids: the llama, alpaca, guanaco, and vicuña of South America.
Biology
The average life expectancy of a camel is 40 to 50 years.A full-grown adult camel stands 1.85 m (6 ft 1 in) at the shoulder and 2.15 m (7 ft 1 in) at the hump. Camels can run at up to 65 km/h (40 mph) in short bursts and sustain speeds of up to 40 km/h (25 mph). Bactrian camels weigh 300 to 1,000 kg (660 to 2,200 lb) and dromedaries 300 to 600 kg (660 to 1,320 lb).
The male dromedary camel has in its throat an organ called a dulla, a large, inflatable sac he extrudes from his mouth when in rut to assert dominance and attract females. It resembles a long, swollen, pink tongue hanging out of the side of its mouth.[ Camels mate by having both male and female sitting on the ground, with the male mounting from behind.The male usually ejaculates three or four times within a single mating session. Camelids are the only ungulates to mate in a sitting position.
Ecological and behavioral adaptations
Camels do not directly store water in their humps as was once commonly believed. The humps are actually reservoirs of fatty tissue: concentrating body fat in their humps minimizes the insulating effect fat would have if distributed over the rest of their bodies, helping camels survive in hot climates. When this tissue is metabolized, it yields more than one gram of water for every gram of fat processed. This fat metabolization, while releasing energy, causes water to evaporate from the lungs during respiration (as oxygen is required for the metabolic process): overall, there is a net decrease in water.
Camels have a series of physiological adaptations that allow them to withstand long periods of time without any external source of water. Unlike other mammals, their red blood cells are oval rather than circular in shape. This facilitates the flow of red blood cells during dehydration and makes them better at withstanding high osmotic variation without rupturing when drinking large amounts of water: a 600 kg (1,300 lb) camel can drink 200 L (53 US gal) of water in three minutes.
Camels are able to withstand changes in body temperature and water consumption that would kill most other animals. Their temperature ranges from 34 °C (93 °F) at dawn and steadily increases to 40 °C (104 °F) by sunset, before they cool off at night again.] Maintaining the brain temperature within certain limits is critical for animals; to assist this, camels have a rete mirabile, a complex of arteries and veins lying very close to each other which utilizes countercurrent blood flow to cool blood flowing to the brain. Camels rarely sweat, even when ambient temperatures reach 49 °C (120 °F). Any sweat that does occur evaporates at the skin level rather than at the surface of their coat; the heat of vaporization therefore comes from body heat rather than ambient heat. Camels can withstand losing 25% of their body weight to sweating, whereas most other mammals can withstand only about 12–14% dehydration before cardiac failure results from circulatory disturbance.
When the camel exhales, water vapor becomes trapped in their nostrils and is reabsorbed into the body as a means to conserve water.Camels eating green herbage can ingest sufficient moisture in milder conditions to maintain their bodies' hydrated state without the need for drinking.
Camels' immune system differs from those of other mammals. Normally, the Y-shaped antibody molecules consist of two heavy (or long) chains along the length of the Y, and two light (or short) chains at each tip of the Y. Camels, in addition to these, also have antibodies made of only two heavy chains, a trait that makes them smaller and more durable. These "heavy-chain-only" antibodies, discovered in 1993, are thought to have developed 50 million years ago, after camelids split from ruminants and pigs.The kidneys and intestines of a camel are very efficient at reabsorbing water. Camel urine comes out as a thick syrup, and camel feces are so dry that they do not require drying when the Bedouins use them to fuel fires.
more candids here
www.flickr.com/photos/23502939@N02/albums/72157622769131641
More Morocco here
This bird shows the distinctive colours of a male Rose-breasted Grosbeak, though it has not finished molting to the breeding (alternate) plumage. A close look at this image shows that the bird has been banded, probably at TCBO...I may even have handled it, and perhaps experienced the painful nip that heavy bill can give. From the bird's perspective, I deserved the bite as it would rather have been cracking seeds.
was planted it from the seeds... in the package.. bought it from Bunning... if any one had an idea what is the name of this one...please kindly let me know....^__^
Two Horses.
Different Viewfinder.
When you photograph for a longer time, you may start to distinguish universal subjects around you. People, Animals, Objects, Noise, Air, Waves, Sand. We observe and distinguish. For a Photographer, you just looked into it.
Mandavi, Kutch, Gujarat.
The most distinctive feature of Bayona - is a set of serene and massive stone faces on the many towers which jut out from the upper terrace and the group around its central tower. There are obvious similarities between King Jayavarman VII of, whose portrait is stored in the Guimet Museum in Paris, with stone faces on the towers of Bayon. The similarity of the giant 216 persons in the church tower on the other image of the king has led many scientists to conclude that the stone faces are the face of Jayavarman VII. Others say that a person owns Bodhisattva named Avalokitshvara or Lokeshvara. These two hypotheses should not be regarded as mutually exclusive. The famous explorer of Angkor George CODESA assumed Jayavarman followed the tradition of the Khmer monarchs and regarded himself as "Devaraja" (god-king), but that essentially set him apart from his predecessors is the fact that those preaching the Hindu religion, and regarded himself as a oneness with Shiva and his phallic symbol - linga and Jayavarman, being a Buddhist, identified himself with the Buddha and Bodhisattva.
A very distinctive butterfly often found on railway embankments and other rough grassland in the countryside. Male.
Distinctive flycatcher: long central tail feathers usually obvious, longer in males than females. Even without tail, plumage is unique: black body with white back and eyebrow. Fairly small flycatcher, usually perched conspicuously in clearings, open habitats, or forest edges. Listen for rising whistled call.
Tico Rainforest B&B, Horquetas de Sarapiqui, Costa Rica
The distinctive profile of the Malvern Hills form a backdrop to Class 50 No. 50016 'Barham' as it booms away from Malvern Link with the 1620 Hereford - London Paddington service on 16th May 1982. It is approaching Newlands East signal box and level crossing. Copyright Photograph John Whitehouse - all rights reserved
Distinctive, large, rather gooselike duck of coastal wetlands, tidal mudflats, and nearby grassy fields. Striking plumage often looks simply black-and-white; at close range, head is deep glossy green, broad breast band dark rusty. Male has raised knob at base of red bill; juvenile duller overall, with whitish face and eyering. Less numerous and more local inland at lakes and along rivers. Often seen walking and grazing, at times in flocks. eBird
"The distinctive characteristic of a traditional society is order."
Ananda K. Coomaraswamy
"A normal civilization is one that rests on principles, one in which all is ordered and in a hierarchy consistent with these principles, so that everything is seen to be an application and extension of a metaphysical doctrine."
René Guénon
A distinctive feature visible from Wembury Beach is the Mewstone.
This is a triangular island which is currently uninhabited. However, it has served as a prison and a private home, as well as a refuge for local smugglers. Its most infamous resident was Sam Wakeman who avoided transportation to Australia in favour of the cheaper option of transportation to the Mewstone, where he was interred for 7 years. After his interment on the island he remained there paying his rent by supplying rabbits for the Manor House table. It is said Sam Wakeman is responsible for carving the rough stone steps to the summit of the Mewstone.
The Mewstone and Little Mewstone is now a bird sanctuary and access is not permitted to visitors.
Wembury, South Devon, England
A Grade I listed building, it is a concert hall on the northern edge of South Kensington in London. It has a capacity of up to 5,272 seats. It is a registered charity held in trust for the nation and receives no public or government funding.
Since its opening by Queen Victoria in 1871, the world's leading artists from many performance genres have appeared on its stage and it has become one of the UK's most treasured and distinctive buildings. The location of some of the most notable events in British culture, each year it hosts more than 390 shows in the main auditorium, including classical, rock and pop concerts, ballet, opera, film screenings with live orchestra, sports, award ceremonies, school and community events, charity performances and banquets. A further 400 events are held each year in the non-auditorium spaces.
The Hall was originally supposed to have been called the Central Hall of Arts and Sciences, but the name was changed to the Royal Albert Hall of Arts and Sciences by Queen Victoria upon laying the Hall's foundation stone in 1867, in memory of her husband consort, Prince Albert who had died six years earlier. It forms the practical part of a memorial to the Prince Consort - the decorative part is the Albert Memorial directly to the north in Kensington Gardens, from in front of which I took this photograph.
The Hall is an ellipse in plan, with major and minor axes of 83m and 72m. The great glass and wrought-iron dome roofing the Hall is 41m high. The Hall was constructed mainly of Fareham Red brick, with terra cotta block decoration made by Gibbs and Canning Ltd of Tamworth. The great glass and wrought-iron dome (designed by Rowland Mason Ordish) on top is 41m high. The Hall was originally designed with a capacity for 8,000 people and has accommodated as many as 12,000 (although modern safety restrictions mean that the maximum permitted capacity is now 5,544 including standing in the Gallery).
Around the outside of the building is a great mosaic frieze, part of which can be seen above, depicting "The Triumph of Arts and Sciences", in reference to the Hall's dedication.
The distinctive Marshall bodied Dennis Darts are slowly becoming an endangered species so the opportunity of photographing two together at the Go-Coach 10th Anniversary Gala was an opportunity too good to miss!
Here we see preserved DMS41356 V356 DLH (left) together with Go-Coach 5003 S519 KFL (right) in the yard at Vestry Road. Sunday 27th May 2018.
S519 KFL - Dennis Dart SLF 9.3m - Marshall Capital (Ex-Metroline DMS19)
V356 DLH - Dennis Dart SLF 8.9m - Marshall Capital (Ex-Centrewest DMS356 & First London DMS41356)
Many thanks for the visits, faves and comments. Cheers
...from a visit to Kakadu Reserve, Banksia Beach, Bribie Island.
Buff-banded Rail
Scientific Name: Gallirallus philippensis
Description: The Buff-banded Rail is a medium-sized stout rail with short legs. It has a distinctive grey eyebrow and an orange-brown band on its streaked breast. The lores, cheek and hindneck are rich chestnut. The chin and throat are grey, the upperparts streaked brown and the underparts barred black and white. The eye is red. Young birds are much paler to white underneath, with indistinct bars and only a faint orange-brown tint on the breast. Downy chicks are fluffy black. This rail walks slowly, with tail raised and flicking constantly.
Similar species: The orange-brown breast band distinguishes the Buff-banded Rail from the similar but smaller Lewin's Rail,Dryolimnas pectoralis, which has a rich chestnut crown and nape and a proportionally longer pink bill.
Distribution: The Buff-banded Rail is widespread in mainland Australia, particularly along the eastern coast and islands, and on Norfolk and Lord Howe Islands. It is also found in south-east Asia, New Guinea and New Zealand.
Habitat: The Buff-banded Rail is seen singly or in pairs in dense reeds and vegetation bordering many types of wetlands or crops. It makes widespread use of artificial wetlands like sewage ponds and drainage channels.
Seasonal movements: The Buff-banded Rail is resident and possibly locally nomadic, though little is known of these movements.
Feeding: The Buff-banded Rail feeds on crustaceans, molluscs, insects, seeds, fruit, frogs, carrion and refuse. It mostly feeds early in the morning and the evening.
Breeding: Breeding is poorly known, but the Buff-breasted Rail nests in long grass, tussocks, rushes or crops. It makes an unlined cup-shaped nest of grasses or reeds. Both parents incubate and the young will leave the nest within 24 hours. Both parents remain with the young, which usually feed themselves, though the female may feed them as well. Two broods may be raised in some seasons.
Calls: Loud creaky squeak when breeding but usually silent.
Minimum Size: 28cm
Maximum Size: 33cm
Average size: 31cm
Average weight: 130g
Breeding season: September to February
Clutch Size: 5 to 8 eggs
Incubation: 19 days
Nestling Period: 1 days
(source: www.birdsinbackyards.net)
© Chris Burns 2016
__________________________________________
All rights reserved.
This image may not be copied, reproduced, distributed, republished, downloaded, displayed, posted or transmitted in any form or by any means, including electronic, mechanical, photocopying and recording without my written consent.
Aberdeenshire, Scotland. The distinctive shape of Bennachie is a landmark that’s meant ‘home’ for thousands of years. People have lived in a fort carved into the hill top, and in radical farming settlements on its slopes. They’ve quarried its stone to build houses, and spun yarns about devils and giants who built its tracks or threw its giant boulders in fits of anger. Bennachie Centre is the perfect place to start exploring this much-loved hill and the forests that surround it. Trails vary from a gentle route though the woodland to demanding treks in open country, and in the visitor centre you can find out all about Bennachie’s history and wildlife. The centre is one of four sites around Bennachie, each with their own distinctive character and different trails to try. Our guide map of Bennachie shows them all, with details of the trails you can follow. scotland.forestry.gov.uk/visit/bennachie-centre
[super sparrows] A handsome sparrow with a distinctive white throat. These can be abundant in migration. Magee.
I swear I didn't notice that it was parked outside a hairdresser's when I took the photo....
A very distinctive car. 118,000 miles at the last MOT so it certainly gets used.
The distinctive lines of Bulleid designed ‘West Country’ 4-6-2 no.34092 ‘City of Wells’ are clear to see as she pulls away from Irwell Vale with the 11:00 Bury-Rawtenstall train.
ELR West Country Weekend
Distinctive breeding plumage: reddish black; whitish, finely streaked underparts with conspicuous belly patch. In winter plumage, the underparts are greyish-brown; breast is washed with grey-brown; belly is white. Sturdy bill, curved at tip. Short-necked, appearing hunch-backed.
Nikon D800E, 500mm f/4E lens, f/8, 1/1000s, ISO 320.
Thanks to all of you who fave and comment on the photograph.
It was a pleasure to co-shoot with fellow photographer Rob Melone.
A distinctive feature of the region are the decorative enclosed wells in many of the private gardens. Resita 0-8-0 tank 764-431 'Bucovina' heads a demonstration freight on the former forestry railway at Moldovița on 19 March 2015. Sunshine and snow was the icing on the cake on this one-day visit to this charming 760mm gauge line.
© Gordon Edgar - All rights reserved. Please do not use my images without my explicit permission
St Giles' Cathedral, also known as the High Kirk of Edinburgh is the principal place of worship of the Church of Scotland in Edinburgh. Its distinctive crown steeple is a prominent feature of the city skyline, at about a third of the way down the Royal Mile which runs from the Castle to Holyrood Palace. The church has been one of Edinburgh's religious focal points for approximately 900 years. The present church dates from the late 14th century, though it was extensively restored in the 19th century, and is protected as a category A listed building. Today it is sometimes regarded as the "Mother Church of Presbyterianism". The cathedral is dedicated to Saint Giles, who is the patron saint of Edinburgh, as well as of cripples and lepers, and was a very popular saint in the Middle Ages. It is the Church of Scotland parish church for part of Edinburgh's Old Town.
St Giles' was only a cathedral in its formal sense (i.e. the seat of a bishop) for two periods during the 17th century (1635–1638 and 1661–1689), when episcopalianism, backed by the Crown, briefly gained ascendancy within the Kirk (see Bishops' Wars). In the mediaeval period, prior to the Reformation, Edinburgh had no cathedral as it was under the jurisdiction of the Bishop of St Andrews, whose episcopal seat was St Andrews Cathedral. For most of its post-Reformation history the Church of Scotland has not had bishops, dioceses, or cathedrals. As such, the use of the term cathedral today carries no practical meaning. The "High Kirk" title is older, being attested well before the building's brief period as a cathedral.
The oldest parts of the building are four massive central pillars, often said to date from 1124, although there is very little evidence to this effect. In 1385 the building suffered a fire and was rebuilt in the subsequent years. Much of the current interior dates from this period. Over the years many chapels, referred to as 'aisles', were added, greatly enlarging the church and leaving it rather irregular in plan. In 1466 St Giles was established as a collegiate church. In response to this raising of status, the lantern tower was added around 1490, and the chancel ceiling raised, vaulted and a clerestory installed. By the middle of the 16th century, immediately before the Reformation arrived in Scotland, there were about fifty side altars in the church, some of which were paid for by the city's trade incorporations and dedicated to their patron saints.
Knox preaching in the High Kirk
At the height of the Scottish Reformation the Protestant leader and firebrand John Knox was chosen minister at St Giles by Edinburgh Town Council and installed on 7 July 1559. A 19th-century stained glass window in the south wall of the church shows him delivering the funeral sermon for the Regent Moray in 1570. The reformer was buried in the kirkyard of St Giles on 24 November 1572 in the presence of the Regent Morton who, at his graveside, uttered the words, "There lies one who neither feared nor flattered any flesh". A bronze statue of Knox, cast by Pittendrigh MacGillivray in 1904, stands in the north aisle.
During the Reformation the Mary-Bell and brass candlesticks were scrapped to be made into guns and the relic of the arm of St Giles with its diamond finger ring (acquired in 1454) and other treasures were sold to the Edinburgh goldsmiths Michael Gilbert and John Hart, and the brass lectern to Adam Fullerton, for scrap-metal. By about 1580, the church was partitioned into separate preaching halls to suit the style of reformed Presbyterian worship for congregations drawn from the quarters of Edinburgh. The partition walls were removed in 1633 when St Giles became the cathedral for the new see of Edinburgh. In that year King Charles I instructed the Town Council.
Whereas (...) we have, by the advice of the chiefest of our clergy (...) erected at our charges a bishopric of new, to be called the Bishopric of Edinburgh; and whereas to that purpose it is very expedient that St Giles Church, designed by us to be the Cathedral Church of that bishopric, be ordered as is decent and fit for a church of that eminency (...) and not to be indecently parcelled and disjointed by walls and partitions, as it now is, without any warrant from any of our royal predecessors. Our pleasure is that with all diligence you cause raze to the ground the east wall in the said church, and that likewise you cause raze the west wall therein, between this and Lammas ensuing.
The effect was only temporary. The internal partitions were restored in 1639 and, after several re-arrangements, lasted until the Victorian 'restoration' of 1881-3.
On Sunday 23 July 1637 efforts by Charles I and Archbishop Laud to impose Anglican services on the Church of Scotland led to the Book of Common Prayer revised for Scottish use being introduced in St Giles. Rioting in opposition began when the Dean of Edinburgh, James Hannay, began to read from the new Book of Prayer, legendarily initiated by the market-woman or street-seller Jenny Geddes throwing her stool at his head. The disturbances led to the National Covenant and hence the Bishops' Wars; the first conflicts of the Wars of the Three Kingdoms, which included the English Civil War. The 18th-century historian of Edinburgh, William Maitland, relying on the records of Edinburgh's Town Council, described the scene in the following passage which reflects his monarchist sympathies,
The St Giles Riot of 1637
King Charles I. being resolved to put in execution his darling scheme, of having all his people of the same religion, ordered a liturgy, or service book, with one of canons, to be prepared, for the use of the Scottish Church, which being accordingly performed, his Majesty, without further ceremony, issued a proclamation for the due observance of them throughout Scotland. This being impolitickly done, without the Privity of the Secret Council, or general approbation of the clergy; they were regarded as foreign impositions, devised by Archbishop Laud, and forced upon the nation by the sole authority of the King; which occasioned great heart-burnings and mighty commotions amongst the people. (...) And the twenty third [of July] being the day appointed for its reading in St Giles’s Church; in the morning of that day, the usual prayers were read by Patrick Henderson the common Reader; which were no sooner ended, than Henderson, by way of farewel, said to his auditory, Adieu good people; for I think this is the last time of my reading prayers in this place, which occasioned a great murmuring in the Congregation. (...) No sooner had James Hannay, Dean of Edinburgh, appeared in his surplice, and began to read the service, than a number of women, with clapping of hands, execrations, and hideous exclamations, raised a great confusion in the church, which Dr. Lindsay Bishop of Edinburgh willing to appease, stept into the pulpit, and reminded people of the sanctity of the place: But this, instead of calming, inraged them to such a degree that Janet Geddes, a furious woman, ushered in the dreadful and destructive civil war, by throwing a stool at the Bishop’s head: And had it not been for the magistrates of Edinburgh, who turned out the frantick multitude, they would probably have murdered him; but such was the noise without, by knocking at the doors, throwing stones in at the windows, and incessant cries of Pape, Pape, Antichrist, pull him down, that the said magistrates were obliged to go out to appease their fury. But the populace watching his return homewards, renewed the assault, that, had he not been rescued by a superior force, they would undoubtedly have dispatched him. Thus began those horrible troubles, which ended in the destruction of the King, subversion of the Church and State, and loss of the rights and liberties of the people.
Distinctive Broadspeed Capri resplendent in fantastic Seventies aero - all wedges, flares and fat rubber...
The great tit is a distinctive bird with a black head and neck, prominent white cheeks, olive upperparts and yellow underparts, with some variation amongst the numerous subspecies. It is predominantly insectivorous in the summer, but will consume a wider range of food items in the winter months, including small hibernating bats. Like all tits it is a cavity nester, usually nesting in a hole in a tree. The female lays around 12 eggs and incubates them alone, although both parents raise the chicks. In most years the pair will raise two broods. The nests may be raided by woodpeckers, squirrels and weasels and infested with fleas, and adults may be hunted by sparrowhawks. The great tit has adapted well to human changes in the environment and is a common and familiar bird in urban parks and gardens. The great tit is also an important study species in ornithology.
The distinctive Sombero galaxy sits at a distance of 29 millionLight years away from us.
This is an image taken as a 'test' in my backyard , It consists of 120sec X26 frames shot through the luminance filter of a highly sensitive CCD camera. The final picture was integrated and processed in Pixinsight.
Capture Software was Sequence Generator Pro, guided with PHD 2.6.1DEV.
Note this is a cropped version of the original (approx 25% of frame)
Wikipedia link here: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sombrero_Galaxy
Distinctive building is the home of the maker of handcrafted gemstone jewellery and aromatherapy essential oils.
(Yet) Another shot of the distinctive paving at the Monument to the Discoveries in Belém, Lisbon. When you have a scene with as much photographic potential as this it would be rude not to take full advantage of it........
Click here to see my photos from the trip to Lisbon as well as a previous trip to Portugal : www.flickr.com/photos/darrellg/albums/72157605502948784
From Wikipedia : "Located on the edge of the Tagus' northern bank, this 52 metre-high slab of concrete, was erected in 1960 to commemorate the 500th anniversary of the death of Henry the Navigator. The monument is sculpted in the form of a ship's prow, with dozens of figures from Portuguese history following a statue of the Infante Henry sculpted in base relief. Adjacent to the monument is a calçada square in the form of a map, showing the routes of various Portuguese explorers, during the Age of Discovery."
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Italien / Südtirol - Drei Zinnen
The Tre Cime di Lavaredo (pronounced [ˌtre tˈtʃiːme di lavaˈreːdo]; Italian for '"Three Peaks of Lavaredo"'), also called the Drei Zinnen (pronounced [ˌdʁaɪ ˈtsɪnən]); German for '"Three Merlons"'), are three distinctive battlement-like peaks, in the Sexten Dolomites of northeastern Italy. They are probably one of the best-known mountain groups in the Alps. The three peaks, from east to west, are:
Cima Piccola / Kleine Zinne ("little peak")
Cima Grande / Große Zinne ("big peak")
Cima Ovest / Westliche Zinne ("western peak").
Tre Cime as seen from the foot of Torre di Toblin mountain
The peaks are composed of well-layered dolomites of the Dolomia Principale (Hauptdolomit) formation, Carnian to Rhaetian in age, as are many other groups in the Dolomites (e.g., the Tofane, the Pelmo or the Cinque Torri).
Until 1919 the peaks formed part of the border between Italy and Austria-Hungary. Now they lie on the border between the Italian provinces of South Tyrol and Belluno and still are a part of the linguistic boundary between German-speaking and Italian-speaking majorities. The Cima Grande has an elevation of 2,999 metres (9,839 ft). It stands between the Cima Piccola, at 2,857 metres (9,373 ft), and the Cima Ovest, at 2,973 metres (9,754 ft).
Location and surroundings
The Three Peaks rise on the southern edge of the extensive pinnacle plateau with the Langen Alm (La Grava Longa), an alpine plateau at around 2200 m to 2400 m, which here forms the end of the Rienz Valley (Valle della Rienza). There are three small mountain lakes, the Zinnenseen. This area north of the mountains to the peaks to the municipality of part Toblach in South Tyrol and the Natural Park Three Peaks (up to 2010 Sesto Dolomites Nature Park), the since 2009 is part of the UNESCO World Heritage.
The ridge of the battlements, which runs in a west-east direction, forms the border with the municipality of Auronzo di Cadore in the province of Belluno, which also represents the German-Italian language border. To the northeast, this ridge continues to the 2454 m high Paternsattel (Forcella Lavaredo), where it turns north to the mountains Passportenkopf (Croda di Passaporto, 2719 m) and Paternkofel (Monte Paterno, 2744 m). In the west it sits across the Forcella Col di Mezzo (2315 m) transition to the Zinnenkuppe (Col di Mezzo, 2254 m) and on to the 2252 m high Katzenleiterkopf (Croda d'Arghena).
To the southwest of the Drei Zinnen, the Forcella Col di Mezzo is followed by the Plano di Longeres plateau above the Valle di Rinbianco, a side valley of the Rienz Valley. Immediately south of the western pinnacle, the Forcella di Longeres saddle (2235 m) separates the Plano di Longeres from the Vallone di Lavaredo, a side valley of the Piave valley. To the south lies the Cadini group.
Cortina d'Ampezzo, 17 kilometers southwest, is the largest city in the area. Other larger towns are Toblach 13 kilometers northwest and Innichen 12 kilometers north.
Cabins and access
The most easily accessible support point around Drei Zinnen is Rifugio Auronzo (Auronzo hut, 2320 m). The cottage, which belongs to the Club Alpino Italiano (CAI), is located immediately south of the massif above Forcella di Longeres, and has good road connections to the tourist resort of Misurina (toll road). The cabin can be reached on foot from Lavaredodalen in the southeast.
About one kilometer east of Rifugio Auronzo and from there via a wide hiking trail lies the privately run Rifugio di Lavaredo (2325 m) at the southeast foot of the Kleine Zinne.
Northwest of the peaks is the summer-open, privately run farmhouse Lange Alm (also Lange Alpe) at 2296 m. One hiking trail goes from the Auronzo hut over the Forcella Col di Mezzo, another from the north comes from the Rienztal.
CAI's Dreizinnenhütte (Rifugio Locatelli, 2438 m) is located approximately one kilometer northeast of Drei Zinnen. The cabin, which is well known for its view of the north wall, can be reached from Auronzohytta via Paternsattel on a wide hiking trail. Other access options are from Sexten through Fischleinboden from the east, and also from Sexten from the north through the Innerfeldtal and through the Rienztal from Höhlenstein (Landro) in the Höhlensteintal (Valle di Landro). From the southeast, the cabin can be reached from Lange Alm.
Climate, flora and fauna
The Sexten Dolomites are surrounded by other mountain ranges on all sides, and this sheltered location in the interior of the Alps provides relatively favorable climatic conditions considering the altitude. Nevertheless, when cold fronts pass the area, rapid weather changes with fog, wind and heavy rainfall can occur, even as snow, even in high summer. In shady gorges and under north walls, the snow can lie until late summer, sometimes all year round, even though there are no glaciers here.
The alpine vegetation zone around Drei Zinnen is dominated by the raibl layer's alpine mats. The plateau around Lange Alm is one of the few areas with grazing land in the nature park. Alpines are strikingly flowery; examples of plants that thrive here are beard bell, edelweiss and Gentiana clusii. The alpine marmot is a numerous mammal; there are also hares and chamois. On the other hand, there are no ibex in the Sexten Dolomites. Of birds there are Rock ptarmigan, ravens and golden eagles, and also hubriscan often be found hunting at this altitude. Vipers, especially the black variety, can be found at the unusual (for reptiles) altitude of 2600 m.
The vegetation on the vast clocks and on the southern flanks of the peaks is characterized by plants that are able to adapt to the constant movements of the stone clock. Examples of these are alpine cod mouth (Linaria alpina), French edible acid (Rumex scutatus), Thlaspi cepaeifolium, Potentilla nitida and alpine poppy (Papaver alpinum). In crevices are trickled Saxifraga squarrosa, cruciferous Kernera saxatilis, carnation Minuartia sedoides and the rare Paederota bonarota. In the steep, shady north walls there is hardly anyvascular plants; the most conspicuous vegetation is next to moss and low large carpets with blue-green bacteria, which appear especially on moist rock walls in the form of characteristic «ink lines». A mammal that moves all the way into the cliff areas is the snow field mouse (Chionomys nivalis). Insects (Tichodroma muraria) and alpine quays (Pyrrhocorax graculus) hunt insects here.
First ascents
The first ascent of the Cima Grande (Große Zinne) was on August 21, 1869, by Paul Grohmann with guides Franz Innerkofler and Peter Salcher. The Cima Ovest (Westliche Zinne) was first climbed exactly ten years later, on August 21, 1879, by Michel Innerkofler with G. Ploner, a tourist. The Cima Piccola (Kleine Zinne) was first climbed on July 25, 1881, by Michel and Hans Innerkofler. The routes of these three first ascents are still the normal ascent routes; the Cima Piccola's route is the most difficult of the three. A climbing route, the Dibona Kante, on the Cima Grande is named after Angelo Dibona.
Emilio Comici was the first to climb the north face of the Cima Grande in 1933 in a party of three, after an ascent time of 3 days and 2 nights. This partly overhanging northern face is considered by climbers to be one of the great north faces of the Alps.
Tourism
Tre Cime Natural Park is named after the famous peaks. The visitor centre provides information concerning the trails, natural and man-made landscapes of the Sexten Dolomites and it is located at the former Grand Hotel in Dobbiaco.
Numerous well-marked routes lead from the surrounding communities to and around the peaks. The most common route is from Paternkofel/Monte Paterno to the alpine hut Auronzo at 2,333 m (7,654 ft), over Paternsattel (Patern Pass) to the Locatelli alpine hut (Dreizinnenhütte) at 2,405 m (7,890 ft), and then to the peaks. There are a number of other routes as well.
Nearby communities include Auronzo di Cadore (in the province of Belluno, region of Veneto), Toblach/Dobbiaco, Sexten/Sesto, and the Puster Valley (in the province of Bolzano, region of Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol).
The area has also staged many finishes in Giro d'Italia.
History
Since the front line between Italy and Austria-Hungary during World War I ran through the Tre Cime peaks, there are a number of fortifications, trenches, tunnels, iron ladders, and commemorative plaques in the area. There was intense fighting throughout the so-called "White War" between 1915 and 1917.
Film and television appearances
Tre Cime has been used as a filming location for:
The Young Indiana Jones Chronicles
Solo: A Star Wars Story
(Wikipedia)
Die Drei Zinnen (italienisch Tre Cime di Lavaredo) sind ein markanter Gebirgsstock in den Sextner Dolomiten an der Grenze zwischen den italienischen Provinzen Belluno im Süden und Südtirol im Norden.
Die höchste Erhebung der Gruppe ist die 2999 m s.l.m. hohe Große Zinne (ital. Cima Grande). Sie steht zwischen den beiden anderen Gipfeln, der Westlichen Zinne (Cima Ovest, 2973 m) und der Kleinen Zinne (Cima Piccola, 2857 m). Neben diesen markanten Felstürmen zählen noch mehrere weitere Gipfelpunkte zum Massiv, darunter die Punta di Frida (2792 m) und der Preußturm, auch Kleinste Zinne (Torre Preuß, Cima Piccolissima, 2700 m).
Seit der Erstbesteigung der Großen Zinne im Jahr 1869 zählen die Drei Zinnen bei Kletterern zu den begehrtesten Gipfelzielen der Alpen. Sie sind durch zahlreiche Kletterrouten verschiedener Schwierigkeitsgrade erschlossen und wurden so zu einem Zentrum des alpinen Kletterns, von welchem viele wichtige Entwicklungen in der Geschichte dieses Sports ihren Ausgang nahmen. Darüber hinaus sind sie aufgrund ihrer leichten Erreichbarkeit eine Attraktion für den Massentourismus. Insbesondere die Ansicht der steilen Nordwände gehört zu den bekanntesten Landschaftsbildern der Alpen und gilt als Wahrzeichen der Dolomiten. Während des Gebirgskriegs im Ersten Weltkrieg waren die Drei Zinnen und ihre Umgebungsgebiete als Teil der Front zwischen dem Königreich Italien und Österreich-Ungarn heftig umkämpft.
Lage und Umgebung
Die Drei Zinnen erheben sich am Südrand des weitläufigen Zinnenplateaus mit der Langen Alm (La Grava Longa), einer alpinen Hochfläche auf ungefähr 2200 m bis 2400 m, die hier den Abschluss des Rienztals (Valle della Rienza) bildet. Dort liegen drei kleine Gebirgsseen, die Zinnenseen. Dieses Areal nördlich der Berge bis zu deren Gipfeln gehört zum Gemeindegebiet von Toblach in Südtirol und zum Naturpark Drei Zinnen (bis 2010 Naturpark Sextner Dolomiten), der seit 2009 Teil des UNESCO-Weltnaturerbes ist.
Der in West-Ost-Richtung verlaufende Kamm der Zinnen bildet die Grenze zur Gemeinde Auronzo di Cadore in der Provinz Belluno, die zugleich die deutsch-italienische Sprachgrenze darstellt. Nach Nordosten führt dieser Kamm weiter zum 2454 m hohen Paternsattel (Forcella Lavaredo), wo er nach Norden zu den Bergen Passportenkopf (Croda di Passaporto, 2719 m) und Paternkofel (Monte Paterno, 2744 m) abbiegt. Im Westen setzt er sich über den Übergang Forcella Col di Mezzo (2315 m) zur Zinnenkuppe (Col di Mezzo) (2254 m) und weiter zum 2252 m hohen Katzenleiterkopf (Croda d’Arghena) fort.
Südwestlich der Drei Zinnen schließt sich an die Forcella Col di Mezzo das Plateau Plano di Longeres oberhalb des Valle di Rinbianco, eines Seitentals des Rienztals, an. Unmittelbar südlich der Westlichen Zinne trennt der Sattel Forcella di Longeres (2235 m) den Plano di Longeres vom Vallone di Lavaredo, einem Seitental des Piavetals. Südlich liegt die Cadini-Gruppe.
Über den 2454 m hohen Paternsattel als tiefsten Punkt lässt sich der Zwölferkofel als nächster Gipfel erreichen, der höher als die Große Zinne ist. Damit beträgt die Schartenhöhe der Großen Zinne 545 m, die Dominanz beträgt 4,25 km.
Cortina d’Ampezzo, 17 Kilometer südwestlich gelegen, ist die größte Stadt in der Umgebung. Weitere größere Ortschaften sind Auronzo di Cadore 12 Kilometer südöstlich, Toblach 13 Kilometer nordwestlich und Innichen 12 Kilometer nördlich.
Orte, Stützpunkte und Wege
Der am leichtesten erreichbare Stützpunkt in der Umgebung der Drei Zinnen ist die Auronzohütte (Rifugio Auronzo, 2320 m). Diese Schutzhütte des Club Alpino Italiano (CAI) liegt unmittelbar südlich des Massivs oberhalb des Forcella di Longeres und ist vom südwestlich liegenden, zu Auronzo gehörenden Hotelort Misurina aus durch eine asphaltierte Mautstraße erschlossen. Von Südosten her kann die Hütte vom Lavaredotal über einen Wanderweg erreicht werden.
Etwa einen Kilometer östlich der Auronzohütte und von dort über einen breiten Fahrweg erreichbar liegt am Südostfuß der Kleinen Zinne die privat bewirtschaftete Schutzhütte Rifugio di Lavaredo (2325 m).
Nordwestlich der Zinnen liegt die im Sommer bewirtschaftete Almhütte Lange Alm (auch Lange Alpe, 2296 m). Ein Wanderweg führt von der Auronzohütte über die Forcella Col di Mezzo dorthin, ein weiterer von Norden aus dem Rienztal.
Die im Besitz des CAI befindliche, 2438 m hoch gelegene Dreizinnenhütte nordöstlich der Drei Zinnen ist mit etwa einem Kilometer etwas weiter von dem Massiv entfernt. Sie ist besonders für den Ausblick auf die Nordwände bekannt und kann über einen breiten Wanderweg von der Auronzohütte aus über den Paternsattel erreicht werden. Weitere Zustiegsmöglichkeiten gibt es von Sexten durch den Fischleinboden von Osten, von Innichen aus durch das Innerfeldtal von Norden und durch das Rienztal von Höhlenstein (Landro) im Höhlensteintal (Valle di Landro). Von Südosten ist die Hütte von der Langen Alm her erreichbar.
Die Drei Zinnen
Große Zinne
Die Große Zinne (Cima Grande), die mittlere der Drei Zinnen, ist mit 2999 m der höchste Gipfel der Gruppe. Sie fällt durch ihre 500 Meter hohe, senkrechte bis überhängende Nordwand auf, die manchmal zu den Großen Nordwänden der Alpen gezählt wird, obwohl sie im Gegensatz zu den anderen dieser Wände keine Eispassagen aufweist. Die Südseite ist weit weniger steil und von zahlreichen Bändern und Schuttterrassen durchzogen. Durch diese Südwand führt auch der Normalweg, mit einer Schwierigkeit von III (UIAA) die leichteste Route, die auch als Abstieg vom Gipfel genutzt wird. Weitere bekannte Kletterrouten sind die Nordostkante (Dibonakante, IV+), Dabistebaff (V) an der Nordostwand und Dülfer (V+) an der Westwand. Die Routen durch die Nordwand sind wesentlich schwieriger, hier sind vor allem die Direttissima (auch Hasse/Brandler, VIII+, VI A2), Sachsenweg (auch Superdirettissima, V A2), Via Camillotto Pellesier (X, V+ A2), Comici (VII, V+ A0), ISO 2000 (VIII+), Claudio-Barbier-Gedächtnisweg (IX-A0), Alpenrose (IX-) und Phantom der Zinne (IX+) zu nennen.
Im Osten liegen hinter der alpinistisch unbedeutenden Pyramide (ca. 2630 m) die Zinnenscharte und die Kleine Zinne. Im Westen bildet die Große Zinnenscharte die Abgrenzung zur Westlichen Zinne.
Die Erstbesteigung der Großen Zinne erfolgte am 21. August 1869 von Süden.
Der Schweizer Dani Arnold erklomm die Große Zinne 2019 über die klassische Nordwandroute (Comici-Dimai-Route) in nur 46 Minuten und 30 Sekunden.
Westliche Zinne
Die 2973 m hohe Westliche Zinne (Cima Ovest), früher auch Vordere oder Landroer Zinne genannt, ähnelt in ihrer Form der Großen Zinne. Ihre Nordwand weist allerdings noch wesentlich stärker überhängende Passagen auf, die bis zu einer horizontalen Distanz von 40 Metern über den Wandfuß herausragen, so dass die Nordwand der Westlichen Zinne auch als „Größtes Dach der Alpen“ bezeichnet wird. Wegen ihres stufenförmigen Aufbaus wird sie auch häufig als „umgekehrte Riesentreppe“ beschrieben und gilt als eine der markantesten Felsformationen der Alpen.
Der Berg wird west- und südseitig von einem massiven Vorbau umgeben, der mit dem Torre Lavaredo 2536 m, dem Zinnenkopf (Sasso di Landro, 2736 m), Croda di Mezzo (2733 m), Croda del Rifugio, auch Hüttenkofel (ca.2730 m), Il Mulo (ca.2800 m), Croda degli Alpini (2865 m), Croda Longéres und Torre Comici (2780 m) mehrere weitere Gipfelpunkte aufweist. Dieser Vorbau ist von der Westlichen Zinne durch die Westliche Zinnenscharte getrennt, in seinem Westen liegt die Forcella Col di Mezzo. Im Osten ist der Westlichen Zinne zur Großen Zinnenscharte hin der Torre di Forcella della Grande vorgelagert.
Der Normalweg zur Westlichen Zinne führt von der Westlichen Zinnenscharte südwestseitig im Schwierigkeitsgrad II zum Gipfel, er ist heute hauptsächlich als Abstiegsroute von Bedeutung. Wichtige Routen sind der Dülferkamin (IV) in der Südwand, Innerkofler (IV) in der Ostwand, Langl/Löschner (IV) in der Nordostwand, die Demuthkante (Nordostkante, VII, V+ A0), Dülfer (IV+) in der Westwand und die Scoiattolikante (VIII, V+ A2). Durch die Nordwand führen die Schweizer Führe (VIII+, 6 A3), Cassin/Ratti (VIII, VI-A1), Baur-Dach (VI+ A3), Alpenliebe (IX), Jean-Couzy-Gedächtnisführe (auch Franzosenführe, X, 5+ A3), Bellavista (XI-, IX A3), PanAroma (XI-, IX A3) und Pressknödl (7c).
Die Erstbegehung der Westlichen Zinne erfolgte am 21. August 1879 von Süden.
Kleine Zinne, Punta di Frida und Preußturm
Das Massiv der Kleinen Zinne (Cima Piccola, 2857 m) ist im Vergleich zu Großer und Westlicher Zinne wesentlich stärker gegliedert und weist mit der Punta di Frida (2792 m) und dem Preußturm (2700 m) weitere bedeutende Gipfelpunkte auf. Weiterhin zu erwähnen sind die Anticima, ein südlicher Vorgipfel der Kleinen Zinne und die Allerkleinste Zinne (Torre Minor, oft auch nur als „Vorbau“ bezeichnet), ein kleiner Felsturm vor dem Preußturm.
Die Kleine Zinne, die sich durch die schlanke Form ihres Gipfelaufbaus von den anderen Zinnen unterscheidet, gilt mit einem Normalweg im Schwierigkeitsgrad IV (über die Südwestwand) als der am schwierigsten zu erreichende Zinnengipfel. Weitere wichtige Anstiege sind die Gelbe Kante (Spigolo Giallo, VI, V+ A0) an der Südkante, Innerkofler (IV+) und Fehrmannkamin (V+) an der Nordwand, Langl/Horn (V) an der Ostwand und Orgler (VI-), Egger/Sauscheck (VI+, V+ A0), Ötzi trifft Yeti (VIII+) und Gelbe Mauer (auch Perlen vor die Säue, IX-) an der Südwand.
Auf die Punta di Frida führt der Normalweg (III) von Westen sowie mehrere weitere Routen wie Dülfer (IV+) in der Nordwand oder Zelger (IV) in der Südostwand.
Der Preußturm (Torre Preuß), ursprünglich als Kleinste Zinne (Cima Piccolissima) oder Punta d’Emma bekannt, wurde 1928 nach seinem Erstbesteiger Paul Preuß benannt. Während dieser Name in Italien schnell beliebt war, wurde er im deutschsprachigen Raum wegen Preuß' jüdischer Herkunft bald verschwiegen und ausschließlich die (von Preuß selbst geprägte) Bezeichnung „Kleinste Zinne“ gebraucht. Seit den 1960er Jahren findet zunehmend wieder der Name „Preußturm“ Verwendung. Der wichtigste Anstieg ist der nordostseitig gelegene Preußriss (V), weiterhin sind die durch die Südostwand führenden Routen Cassin (VII-, VI A0) und Via Nobile (IX+) zu erwähnen.
Die Erstbesteigung der Kleinen Zinne erfolgte am 25. Juli 1881 von Südwesten.
Geologie
Die Drei Zinnen bestehen aus Hauptdolomit, der in der Trias vor etwa 200 bis 220 Millionen Jahren durch Sedimentation in Flachwasserbereichen des Urmeeres Tethys entstand. Als Fossilien sind daher hauptsächlich marine Lebewesen wie Megalodonten und Gastropoden zu finden. Bedingt durch Gezeiten und andere Schwankungen des Meeresspiegels, die zu abwechselnden Perioden der Überflutung und des Trockenfallens weiter Landstriche führten, und gleichzeitiges stetiges Absinken des Untergrundes kam es zu einer Ablagerung des Gesteins in Form von übereinanderliegenden Schichten. Der Fels der Drei Zinnen weist daher eine deutliche und gleichmäßige Bankung auf, wobei zwischen den einzelnen Dolomitschichten dünne Lagen von Ton zu finden sind.
Im Zusammenspiel mit dieser horizontalen Bankung führten vertikale Klüfte zu Brüchen in rechtwinkligen Formen, die sich deutlich an den häufig würfelförmigen Felsbrocken der ausgedehnten Schutthalden am Fuß der steilen Wände zeigen. Wesentlicher Mechanismus der Erosion ist die Frostsprengung, die neben ständigem Steinschlag häufig auch größere Felsstürze zur Folge hat. So kam es etwa im Jahr 1948 zu einem großen Felssturz aus der Südwand der Großen Zinne, im Juli 1981 stürzte eine Felsbrücke zwischen Allerkleinster Zinne und Preußturm, die bis dahin häufig von Kletterern begangen worden war, in sich zusammen.
Gefördert wird das Wegbrechen großer Felsteile durch die Instabilität des Untergrunds. Das weitläufige Zinnenplateau, das die Basis der Gruppe bildet, ruht auf einem Sockel aus Schlerndolomit. Dieser wird von Moränen aus der Würmeiszeit, vor allem aber von relativ leicht verwitterbaren Gesteinen der Raibler Schichten überlagert. Die Erosion dieser Schichten entzieht den auf ihnen liegenden Felstürmen allmählich die Basis und führt zum Wegbrechen exponierter Felspartien. Diese bis heute anhaltenden Prozesse führten zur Entwicklung der steilen Formen der Zinnen und insbesondere der stark überhängenden Felsdächer der Nordwände.
Massentourismus und Vermarktung
Im Bewusstsein der ansässigen Bevölkerung scheinen die Drei Zinnen bis ins 19. Jahrhundert kaum eine besondere Rolle gespielt zu haben. So ist etwa im Gegensatz zu vielen anderen markanten Felsformationen in der Umgebung keine Sage über die Zinnen bekannt. In Reiseberichten aus dem frühen 19. Jahrhundert sind nur grobe Beschreibungen aus großer Entfernung zu finden. Ab der zweiten Hälfte des 19. Jahrhunderts wurde das Hochpustertal zu einem Ziel für Sommerfrischler. Reiseberichte, die die internationale Bekanntheit der Drei Zinnen wesentlich steigerten, waren The Dolomite Mountains von Josiah Gilbert und George Cheetham Churchill 1864 und Untrodden peaks and unfrequented valleys. A midsummer ramble in the Dolomites von Amelia Edwards im Jahre 1873. Darüber hinaus waren die zu dieser Zeit in Mode gekommenen Ansichtskarten Grundlage für die bald steigende Popularität der Drei Zinnen auch außerhalb von Alpinistenkreisen. In Höhlenstein, dem einzigen Talort mit Blick auf die Zinnennordwände, entstand eine Kolonie von Luxushotels.
Der Erste Weltkrieg brachte zwar den Tourismus zum Erliegen, die Bilder von den Kämpfen am Zinnenplateau steigerten jedoch den Bekanntheitsgrad der Berge. In der Kriegspropaganda dienten die Zinnen auf beiden Seiten als Sinnbilder für das Gebirge schlechthin. Sie wurden dabei als Grenzmarkierung und Festung inszeniert. Bekannt wurde etwa ein Bild von der Bergung der Leiche des 1915 am Paternkofel gefallenen Sepp Innerkofler im Jahr 1918. Die Darstellung des Leichenzugs vor dem Hintergrund der Zinnen diente zur Verklärung Innerkoflers als Märtyrer und verfestigte den Mythos der Berge. Während der folgenden Zeit des Faschismus stilisierten südtirolpatriotische Bewegungen die Drei Zinnen zu einer Ikone Gesamttirols, wobei das Bild der Berge mit religiöser und politischer Symbolik aufgeladen wurde. So symbolisierten die Drei Zinnen auf Postkarten und Plakaten die ehemalige Gesamttiroler Grenze, indem sie etwa bei der Darstellung kämpfender Tiroler als Hintergrund dienten. Besonderen Anteil an der Popularisierung der Ansicht der Drei Zinnen hatte die Landschaftsfotografie, die zu dieser Zeit in Südtirol eine Blüte erlebte. Die vordergründig ideologiefreien Gebirgsaufnahmen transportierten in verdeckter Form politische Botschaften, die den Repressionen des faschistischen Staates kaum zugänglich war.
Bereits aus dem Jahr 1900 sind erste Verwendungen der Drei Zinnen in der Werbung bekannt, bis heute wird ihr Name häufig als Werbeträger genutzt. Insbesondere Gastronomiebetriebe der näheren Umgebung verwenden die Drei Zinnen gern als Namensbestandteil: so wird Toblach als „Gemeinde der Drei Zinnen beworben“. Seit 1998 wird ein knapp 20 Kilometer langer Berglauf von Sexten zur Dreizinnenhütte ausgetragen, der als „Drei-Zinnen-Lauf“ bezeichnet wird. In der Tourismuswerbung Südtirols stellen die Drei Zinnen ein häufig verwendetes Sujet dar. Der NS-Schriftsteller Karl Springenschmid nannte die Gipfelgruppe „Gottes eigenwilligste Schöpfung der Alpen“. Die italienische Post gibt seit 24. Juli 2008 eine Briefmarke mit einer Zeichnung der Berge im Rahmen der Serie Tourismus heraus. Stilisierte Darstellungen der Zinnen sind in den Logos mehrerer Unternehmen zu finden. Ihre Form wurde auch von einer Fruchteissorte namens Dolomiti nachempfunden, die in den 1980er Jahren populär war.
Der Wandertourismus erlebte zu Beginn des 20. Jahrhunderts einen ersten Höhepunkt. Im Jahr 1908 besuchten bereits mehr als 2000 Menschen die 1881 erbaute Dreizinnenhütte. In der Zwischenkriegszeit nahm der Tourismus weiter zu. Nach dem Zweiten Weltkrieg wurden viele alte Kriegswege, darunter auch die Auronzostraße, für touristische Zwecke ausgebaut, was einen neuerlichen Anstieg der Besucherzahlen zur Folge hatte. Eine Verlängerung der Autostraße bis zur Dreizinnenhütte wurde bereits des Öfteren in Erwägung gezogen, bislang aber verhindert.
Die Umrundung der Drei Zinnen gilt als eine der beliebtesten Wanderstrecken der Dolomiten, da das Gebiet durch die mautpflichtige Straße zur Auronzohütte leicht erreichbar ist. Der Weg von der Auronzohütte zum Paternsattel und zur Dreizinnenhütte ist darüber hinaus sehr breit ausgebaut und weist nur geringe Steigungen auf. Er ist daher auch für ungeübte Wanderer leicht begehbar, sodass es an manchen Tagen durch den hohen Andrang zu regelrechten Staus kommt. Die Dreizinnenhütte bietet 140 Übernachtungsplätze an, mit den zahlreichen Tagesgästen hat sie bis zu 2000 Besucher täglich zu verzeichnen.
(Wikipedia)
10:10hrs Lack of larval foodplants and elms, has caused decline. The White-letter Hairstreak butterflies are usually found around treetops or visiting bramble flowers to feed, in S and C England. Wingspan around 35mm...you can see that compared to the bramble bud, this is a small butterfly!
I took several photos...this particular butterfly was very active on this bramble...this particular photo was the better for its front view.
WP_20170717_10_10_21_Pro
BNSF 3990, a General Electric ET44C4, shows off its unique lines at Hoffman Avenue, St. Paul, Minnesota.
A rocky and distinctive headland with South West Coast Paths perfect for exploring this remote part of Cornwall. The headland is the site of an Iron Age promontory fort known as Trereen Dinas. This beautiful part of Cornwall provides a stunning and uninterruped views out over the Atlantic and is a stunning place to walk in spring, summer & autumn.
The area is designated as part of the Penwith Heritage Coast and also designated as part of the Cornwall Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty.
View from Flatiron Plaza across from Madison Square Park, New York City, New York
The distinctive triangular shape of the Flatiron Building, designed by Chicago architect Daniel Burnham and built in 1902, allowed it to fill the wedge-shaped property located at the intersection of Fifth Avenue and Broadway in Manhattan. The building has vertical Renaissance palazzo with Beaux-Arts styling the epitomizes the style developed amoung Chicago architects at the time. The building was intended to serve as offices for the George A. Fuller Company, a major Chicago contracting firm. At 22 stories and 307 feet, the Flatiron was never the city’s tallest building nor largest buildings, however many argue it is one of New York's most dramatic-looking,. Because of its popularity with photographers and artists it has become an enduring symbol of New York City.
The cockatoos distinctive raucous call can be very loud; it is adapted to travel through the forest environments in which they live, including tropical and subtropical rainforests. These birds are naturally curious, as well as very intelligent. They have adapted very well to European settlement in Australia and live in many urban areas.
Cockatoo Burrinjuck Dam NSW eying off the seed thrown on the ground
The distinctive rusty (or distressed metal) roofline and new building of the Cambridge Street Collective, billed as Europe's largest food court with over 20 cafe / restaurants, bars and street food outlets from many countries, performance spaces and several rooftop terraces offering views of the changing city centre and beyond. The original facade of Henry's Cafe & Bar (and previously the Barleycorn Hotel) still exists, as does the former Cole Brothers (John Lewis) car park and ramp.
This distinctive green alga grows in tropical and subtropical waters, generally attached to coral rubble substrate. Each "eyeball" is a single cell, with a sheen on the outside that makes it look like, well, an eyeball. Norfolk Island
DISTINCTIVE AND NOISY WADER, it was a bit distant for me, but had not seen one opening a oyster before, found at Hampton near Herne bay, Kent, and found mostly exclusively during the winter months at the coast. (43-45 cm in length)
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THANK YOU, good to see you visit, please leave a comment, and I will return the visit, thanks for being my friends, stay safe............Tomx
The Clock Tower on Morecambe’s Marine Road Central is one of the town’s smaller but more distinctive landmarks. It symbolises the late-Victorian and Edwardian expansion of the town in terms of population and facilities, adding to its growing reputation as a major seaside resort. The Tower was installed on the seafront next to the Central Pier and around half a mile from the Winter Gardens and Harbour.
‘Promenading’ was a common pastime for visitors who might need to know the time – meal times at their boarding house or the times of shows – but not have a watch. As the photographs at the end of this leaflet show, this was a bustling part of Morecambe. Usefully, public toilets were right next to the Clock Tower (underground and with a landscaped roof area). They have been rebuilt at ground level.
The Tower’s story starts with the generosity of Alderman and then Mayor John Robert Birkett JP who had pledged £400 of his own money (nearly £50,000 in 2020 value) to part-fund a public library for Morecambe. This plan fell through when the Council refused to raise the rates to pay for its upkeep. Birkett then switched his donation to the construction of a Clock Tower. He made his proposal formally to the Council in March 1905 with the aim of ‘opening’ the Clock Tower on 22 July.
The Tower was designed by Cressey and Keighley, a short-lived architectural practice on Euston Road, Morecambe. It was built by Messrs Edmundson. The clock was made by Rhodes of Lancaster and there is an internal vertical ladder within the Tower to give access to the clock mechanism.
There is a memorial and foundation stone laid by the Mayor’s wife on 24 June 1905. After very rapid construction, the Tower was declared ready on 6 September 1905 and the clock was illuminated for the first time two days later. Oddly there was no formal opening or unveiling ceremony.
There was an objection to the Tower’s location from a neighbour who said it would damage his view but this was overruled. One councillor did not approve of so much building on the seaward side of the Promenade. An alderman thanked the Mayor for his generosity but recalled the criticisms made while it was being built. The month after it was opened, there was a debate in the Council about whether they could afford to illuminate the four clock faces. The Mayor’s generosity did not extend to its running costs.
In practice the Mayor’s £400 did not buy the town all that much Tower. It is only 46 feet tall (14 metres). It is built in a striking design of red brick with buff sandstone banding and dressing. There used to be benches around the base between the four corner buttresses, each with a roof to give sheltered seating, but these have been lost.
The Tower was partly functional – to give the time to those without watches – and partly to decorate the Promenade. The Central Pier next door and much else of Morecambe in its heyday have disappeared. The Clock Tower remains.
[Info Text – Gordon Clark. Published by Lancaster Civic Society]
The distinctive blue LUMO Class 803 speeds towards Kings Cross. This is an A-train variant in that it has no diesel engines fitted. It has batteries to enable the train's on-board services to be maintained, in case the primary electrical supplies have failed which, by the way, often happens. This photograph was taken from the narrow bridge between Littleburn Farm and the Durham Golf Course. This is a great place to sit in the sun and capture the East Coast Line trains traveling between Kings Cross and Edinburgh.
This Violet Turaco is a brilliant, vibrant blue--no saturation adjustments done here! Such a beauty. Also known as the violaceous plantain eater.
The Violet Turaco resides in the forests of tropical west Africa. Senegambia, Southwest Mali, Burkina Faso, South Niger, Guinea-Bissau, Guinea, Liberia, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Togo, Benin, Nigeria, and Cameroon and isolated populations can be found along the Chad / Central African Republic border.
These are distinctive birds, although often inconspicuous in the treetops.They can be see in open woodland, in riverine forest and humid forest edge.
In flight, Violet Turaco's crimson primary flight feathers contrast with the violet plumage.---but could I have captured Mr. Turaco in flight? Of course not! He insisted on playing hide and seek in the foliage instead.
Turacos are social birds, travelling in flocks of around ten to twelve individuals. Their diet consists of fruit, and they are quite partial to figs, but they will also eat leaves, buds, flowers, insects, snails and slugs.