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April 18, 2015 - Washington DC., 2015 World Bank Group / IMF Spring Meetings.
Photo: Simone D. McCourtie / World Bank
Photo ID: 041815-DevelopmentCommitte005f
April 21, 2013 - 2013 World Bank/ IMF Spring Meetings. Advisory Council on Gender and Development. Photo Frank R. Vincent / World Bank
Apple’s App Store will hit 5 million apps by 2020, more than doubling its current size. #Mobile #apps are expected to generate $189 billion in revenue by 2020. Enterprises nowadays are opting for cross-platform #development in order to achieve greater market penetration as cross-platform apps can function on multiple platforms.
Our Cross-Platform App Development Service: bit.ly/311SMAN
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Email: info@reddensoft.com
Skype: reddensoft
+++ DISCLAIMER +++
Nothing you see here is real, even though the conversion or the presented background story might be based on historical facts. BEWARE!
Some background:
The 21 cm Kanone 39 (K 39) was a Czech-designed heavy gun used by the Germans in the Second World War. It was original designed by Škoda as a dual-purpose heavy field and coast defence gun in the late 1930s for Turkey with the designation of ‘K52’. Only two had been delivered before the rest of the production run was appropriated by the Heer upon the occupation of Czechoslovakia in March 1939.
Initially, the K 39 only saw limited use as a field cannon in Operation Barbarossa, the Siege of Odessa, Siege of Leningrad and the Siege of Sevastopol. During the war, nine of these guns were sold to Sweden, too.
With the ongoing (and worsening) war situation and the development of heavy tank chassis towards late 1944, the K 39 received new attention and was adapted by the Wehrmacht as a long-range mortar, primarily intended as a mobile coastal defense weapon for strategically important naval sites, and as a second line artillery support. There were several reasons that made the heavy weapon still attractive: Unlike the German practice of sliding block breeches that required a metallic cartridge case to seal the gun's chamber against combustion gases, Škoda had preferred to use an interrupted screw breech with a deBange obdurator to seal the chamber. This lowered the rate of fire to 3 rounds in 2 minutes but had the great economic advantage of allowing bagged propellant charges that didn't use scarce brass or steel cartridge cases, since these metals became more and more short in supply. This also meant that the propellant charge could be adjusted to the intended range, what also helped save material.
The other unusual feature of the gun was a monobloc auto-frettaged barrel, created from a single piece of steel that was radially expanded under hydraulic pressure. This had the advantage of placing the steel of the barrel under compression, which helped it resist the stresses of firing and was simpler and faster to build since the barrel didn't require assembly as with more traditional construction techniques.
Every shell used by the K 39 weighed 135 kilograms (298 lb). HE shells (the 21 cm Gr 40), anti-concrete shells (21 cm Gr 39 Be) and an armor-piercing, base-fuzed shell, the 21 cm Pzgr 39 were available. The K 39 used a bagged charge with a total weight of 55 kilograms (121 lb). The base charge (“Kleine Ladung”) weighed 21.5 kilograms (47 lb) and had an igniter stitched to its base. The two increments (“Vorkart”) were lightly stitched together and enclosed in another bag tied at the top and with another igniter stitched to the base. The medium charge (“Mittlere Ladung”) consisted of the base charge and increment 2 while the full charge (“Grosse Ladung”) consisted of the base charge and both increments. The increments were loaded before the base charge. This resulted in a muzzle velocity of 800–860 m/s (2,600–2,800 ft/s) and a maximum firing range of 33 km (36,000 yd).
Emplacing the K 39 on its original box trail carriage took six to eight hours, mainly to dig in and anchor the firing platform, and a significant entourage was necessary to operate it. To improve the weapon’s handling and mobility, and to protect the crew especially against aircraft attacks, the K 39 was in 1943 to be mounted on a self-propelled chassis. Initially, a standardized “Schwerer Waffenträger”, which would also be able to carry other large-caliber guns (like the 17 cm Kanone 18 in Mörserlafette), was favored. However, the vehicle’s functional specification included the ability to set the heavy weapon gun down on the ground, so that it could be operated separately, and this meant an open weapon platform as well as complex and heavy mechanisms to handle the separate heavy guns. The Schwere Waffenträger’s overall high weight suggested the use of existing standard heavy tank elements and running gear and drivetrain elements from the heavy Tiger II battle tank were integrated into the design. The development of this mobile platform had high priority, but the focus on more and new battle tanks kept the resources allocated to the Schwerer Waffenträger project low so that progress was slow. As it became clear that the Schwere Waffenträger SPG would not become operational before 1945 a simpler alternative was chosen: the modification of an existing heavy tank chassis. Another factor was the Heeresleitung’s wish to protect the weapon and its crew through a fully enclosed casemate, and the ability to set the weapon down was dropped, too, to simplify the construction.
Originally, the SdKfz. 184 (Porsche’s chassis design for the Tiger I battle tank, which was not accepted in this role but instead developed into the tank hunter SPG Elefant/Ferdinand with a modified combat compartment at the rear, was chosen. But since this type’s production ended prematurely and many technical problems occurred through its complex propulsion system, the chassis of the Sd.Kfz. 186, the heavy Jagdtiger SPG, was selected instead, as it was the only readily available chassis at the time in production that was capable of carrying the K 39’s size and weight and of accepting its massive recoil forces.
The Jagdtiger itself was based on the heavy Tiger II battle tank, but it was lengthened by 260 mm. Due to production problems with its main armament, many Jagdtiger hulls were left uncompleted, and to bring more of these heavy vehicles to the frontlines it was adapted to the Sd.Kfz. 187, the Jagdtiger Ausf. M with a modified internal layout (casemate and engine bay positions were switched to fit an 88 mm gun with an extra-long barrel), a stronger but still experimental X16 gasoline engine, and a simplified Porsche running gear.
Since it was readily available, this re-arranged Jagdtiger base was adopted for the so-called Sd.Kfz. 190 “Küstenbatterie K 39 (auf Jagdtiger (Ausf. M)” self-propelled gun (SPG), or “KüBa 39” for short. The casemate-style combat section at the rear offered sufficient space for both the huge weapon and its crew, and also prevented the long gun barrel from hanging over too far ahead of the tank, improving its handling. Space for ammunition was still limited, though: racks on the casemate’s side walls offered space for only four rounds, while fifteen gun charges were stored separately. Gun elevation was between +50° and –3°, azimuth adjustment was achieved through turning the whole vehicle around.
The Sd.Kfz. 190’s hull featured the Jagdtiger’s standard heavy armor, since the Sd.Kfz. 190 was converted from existing lower bodies, but the new battle compartment was only heavily armored at the front. This was intended as a protection against incoming RPGs or bombs dropped from Hawker Hurricane or Typhoon fighter bombers, and as a sufficient protection against frontal ground attacks – the vehicle was supposed to retreat backwards into a safe position, then turn and move away. Roof and side walls had furthermore to be thinner to reduce the vehicle’s overall weight and lower its center of gravity, but they still offered enough protection against 20mm projectiles. Nevertheless, the Sd.Kfz. 190 weighed 64 tonnes (71 short tons), almost as much as the original Jagdtiger SPG it was based upon. Since it was not intended to operate directly at the front lines, the Sd.Kfz. 190 retained the Jagdtiger’s original (but rather weak) Maybach HL230 P30 TRM petrol engine with 700hp and the Henschel suspension with internal torsion bars, what simplified the conversions with readily available material.
A pair of retractable supports at the rear of the vehicle could be lowered to stabilize the vehicle when firing and distribute the gun’s massive recoil into the ground. The tall casemate’s rear featured a large double swing door which were necessary to avoid crew injuries from the massive gun’s pressure when it was firing. The doors were also necessary to re-load the gun – a small crane was mounted above the doors on the roof of the casemate, and a hoist to move the heavy rounds around in the casemate was mounted on tracks under the combat compartment’s ceiling.
The KüBa 39 had a standard crew of six men. The crew in the hull retained their role and positions from the Tiger II, with the driver located in the front left and the radio operator in the front right. This radio operator also had control over the secondary armament, a defensive machine gun located in a mount in the front glacis plate. In the casemate were the remaining 4 crew, which consisted of a commander (front right), the gunner (front left), and two loaders in the rear, which were frequently augmented by a third loader to handle the heavy rounds with an internal hoist under the casemate’s roof. Due to the severe maintenance and logistics needs, the KüBa 39 never operated on its own. Typically, several dedicated vehicles accompanied the self-propelled gun carrier as a “battle group”, including at least one ammunition carrier like the Hummel Munitionsträger, a crew transporter like a Sd.Kfz. 251 for more helping hands outside of the vehicle and frequently a command/radio vehicle to coordinate and direct the fire onto targets far beyond visual range.
The KüBa 39 was quickly developed and fielded, but it came too late for the Allied invasion in 1944 where it could have been a valuable asset to repel Allied ships that operated close to the French coast or even in second line in the Channel. The first vehicles became operational only in early 1945, and production was limited and rather slow. The ever-worsening war situation put more and more emphasis on the production of battle tanks and tank hunters, so that the heavy artillery vehicle only received low priority. However, the few vehicles that were produced (numbers are uncertain, but not more than 30 were eventually completed and fielded), found a wide range of uses – including the defense of the Elbe mouth and the Hamburg port. Some were shipped to Norway for coastal defense purposes, and a handful was allocated to the defense of German submarine bases in France.
Towards the end of hostilities, the survivors were integrated into infantry groups and used for long-range fire support at both Western and Eastern front. No vehicle survived, since most Sd.Kfz. 190 were destroyed by their crews after breakdowns or when the heavy vehicle got stuck in difficult terrain – its weight made the KüBa 39 hard to recover.
Specifications:
Crew: Six - seven (commander, gunner, 2 -3× loader, radio operator, driver)
Weight: 64 tonnes (71 short tons)
Length: 7.27 metres (23 ft 8 in) (hull only)
9.72 metres (31 ft 10 in) overall in marching configuration
Width: 3.88 metres (12 ft 9 in)
Height 3.81 metres (12 1/2 ft)
Ground clearance: 495 to 510 mm (1 ft 7.5 in to 1 ft 8.1 in)
Suspension: Torsion bar
Fuel capacity: 720 litres (160 imp gal; 190 US gal)
Armor:
25 – 150 mm (1 – 5.9 in)
Performance:
Speed
- Maximum, road: 38 km/h (23.6 mph)
- Sustained, road: 32 km/h (20 mph)
- Cross country: 15 to 20 km/h (9.3 to 12.4 mph)
Operational range: 120 km (75 mi) on road
80 km (50 mi) off road
Power/weight: 10,93 PS/tonne (9,86 hp/ton)
Engine:
V-12 Maybach HL HL230 P30 TRM gasoline engine with 700 PS
Transmission:
ZF AK 7-200 with 7 forward 1 reverse gears
Armament:
1× 21 cm K 39/41 L45 heavy siege gun with 4 rounds and 15 separate charges
1× 7.92 mm Maschinengewehr 34 or 42 with 800 rounds in the front glacis plate
The kit and its assembly:
The project to put the massive (real) Czech 21 cm K39 gun on a German chassis had been on my agenda for a long time, but I have never been certain about the vehicle donor for this stunt. I initially favored a Modelcollect E-50/75 since it is available as an SPG version with a reversed engine/casemate layout. But this kit has two serious issues: it would IMHO be too late to be adapted for the pre-war weapon, and – worse - the kit has the flaw that the mould designers simply ignored the driver/radio operator in the hull’s front – the glacis plate immediately migrates into the engine deck and bay, so that there’s no internal space for the driver! Even if you’d assume that the driver would sit with the rest of the crew in the casemate behind the engine, there are no hatches, sights slits or mirrors? Well, it’s a fictional tank, but IMHO it has been poorly designed.
Correcting this might be possible, but then I could also convert something else, probably easier. This alternative became a serious option when I recently built my fictional Sd.Kfz. 187, a Jagdtiger with a reversed layout. This stunt turned out to be easier than expected, with good results, and since I had a second Jagdtiger kit left over from the Sd.Kfz. 187 project I simply used it for the KüBa 39 – also having the benefit of being rooted in an earlier time frame than the E-50/75, and therefore much more plausible.
The Trumpeter 1:72 Jagdtiger first lost its mid-positioned casemate. Internal stiffeners were glued into the hull and the engine deck was cut out and glued into the former casemate’s place, directly behind the driver section. The casemate for the 21 cm gun (a Revell field gun model of this weapon, highly detailed) was scratched, though, and designing it was a gradual step-by-step process. To offer more internal space, the engine deck was slightly shortened, what also changed the vehicle’s profile. From the Jagdtiger’s superstructure I just retained the roof. Things started with another donor piece, though, the massive gun mantlet from a Trumpeter 1:72 KV-2 tank. It was mated with the21 cm gun and the movable KV-2 mantlet mounted with styrene sheet spacer onto a scratched casemate front plate. More styrene sheet was used to create covers around the mantlet, and inside I glued an “arm” to the gun with lead bead ballast, so that the gun could be easier posed in raised position. The finished gun element was glued onto the hull, and the Tiger II roof positioned as far back as possible, what revealed a 3mm gap to the front plate – bridged by another styrene sheet filler, which was also used to raise the roof and add a kink to the roofline that would make the casemate look less boxy.
With the roofline defined I decided to extend the casemate backwards – after all, the original rear engine was gone and the vehicle would certainly need a spacious back door to enter and load it. Therefore, a back wall section was cut out and a casemate extension scratched from styrene sheet. When this was in place, the vertical casemate rear wall was added, and with the profile now fully defined the casemate side walls were created from 1.5 and 0.5 mm styrene sheet. The kink under the roofline was a self-imposed challenge, but I think that this extra effort was worthwhile because the casemate looks more organic than just a simple box design like the Ferdinand/Elefant’s superstructure?
Once the casemate was closed, surface details were added, including the doble door at the rear, the small crane on the roof, and the retractable supports (which came, IIRC, from a Modelcollect 1:72 T-72 kit). The rest of the original Jagdtiger kit was simply taken over OOB.
Painting and markings:
As a vehicle operated in the open field, I gave the KüBa 39 a classic, contemporary “Hinterhalt” paint scheme, in the sophisticated original style that was only applied to a few vehicles on factory level until the camouflage job was soon delegated to the frontline units. Painting started with a base coat of RAL 8000 (Grünbraun) as an overall primer, then 7028 Dunkelgelb (Tamiya TS-3) was sprayed onto the upper surfaces from a rattle can for a light shading effect. At this stage the markings/decals were already applied, so that the additional camouflage could be applied round them. They were puzzled together from the scrap box.
Then clusters/fields in Olivgrün (RAL 6003; Humbrol 86) and Rotbraun (RAL 8012, Humbrol 160) were added onto the sand tone base with circular templates/stencils made from densely foamed styrene that were glued onto the tip of toothpicks – the large casemate with its even surfaces lent itself for this elaborate “factory finish” scheme variant. The stamp method worked better than expected, and the result is very convincing. I just tried to concentrate the dark areas to the upper surfaces, so that the contrast against the ground when seen from above would be smaller than from a side view, which became more fragmented. The running gear remained uniform Dunkelgelb, as a counter-shading measure and to avoid wobbling patterns on camouflaged wheels that could attract attention while the vehicle would move.
After protecting the decals with a thin coat of varnish the model and the still separate wheels received a dark-brown washing with highly thinned acrylic paint and an overall dry-brushing treatment with light grey and beige. Additionally, water colors were used to simulate dust and light mud, and to set some rust traces on exposed areas.
Artist mineral pigments were dusted into the running gear and onto the tracks after their final assembly, and some mud crusts on the tail supports were created with a bit of matt acrylic varnish and more pigments.
A thorough conversion project, and the result is a really massive vehicle - its bulk is hard to convey, the Jagdtiger basis is already a massive vehicle, but this is "super-size", close to an E-100! However, you have to place something next to it to fathom the size of the 21 cm mortar and the huge casemate that covers it. But the conversion looks IMHO rather natural, esp. for a scratched work, and the Hinterhalt suits the bulky vehicle well, it really helps to break the outlines up.
This is the Ohio Pass Road from Gunnison Colorado. I hadn't been on this road for 30 years or so. Such a beautiful drive.
I hope the houses in this development are in better shape than these
I am undecided about the developments here on this shore. It was a bit scruffy, untidy, noisy from the nearby road. But it was well used, had more shade. You can't drive to it anymore and where that's safer for cyclists and pedestrians there is a conspicuous absence of the people who once would be here enjoying this place.
You see, it's been gentrified. I have few reasons to suppose this isn't the first blow towards apartment building north of here on the redefined lake edge, once a sloping shore, then further lockouts of general access. It has happened before! In the process the edge of the lake has been filled in, mature shade and landscape trees felled, the flat banks expanded, more paving added and the untidy masses of humanity dispersed. Pretty, it seems, is better for the few while the many now seem lost for a place of their own.
This doesn't seem right. The unfairness drives my indecision. What I do know is that I quite like this new installation of public art.
9375 9TH ST.
RANCHO CUCAMONGA, CA 91730
PHONE:1 (909) 652-7675
WEBSITE AT www.chaffey.edu/dps/ldc.html, www.chaffey.edu/dps/docs/forms/LDC%20Application%20for%20... and www.chaffey.edu/dps/docs/PDF/ldc_handbook%20-%20format%20...
Enrique Iglesias, Secretary General, SEGIB and Colm Foy, Head of Publications and Relations with the Media,OECD Development Centre.
Of all the wonderful creatures in nature, the human teenager is one of the most curious. Caught in a paradoxical dilemma, teens strive for independence from their parents, but they also rely heavily on their dependence. “Mom, get out of my life, but first take me to the mall.”
On April 3, U.S. Agency for International Development Administrator Rajiv Shah unveiled the U.S. Global Development Lab. The Lab will foster science-and technology-based solutions to help end extreme poverty by 2030. The Lab and its 32 inaugural Cornerstone Partners will support breakthrough solutions in water, health, food security and nutrition, energy, education, and climate change. In the next five years, scientists and technology experts at The Lab will create a new global marketplace of innovations and take them to scale to reach over 200 million.
Söndagens öppningsceremoni.
Anna König Jerlmyr, Vice Mayor, Social Affairs Division, City Hall
Foto: Lena Dahlström
IMF economists Tao Sun, Parma Bains, and and Akihiko Yoshida, Deputy Director General for International Bureau, Ministry of Finance of Japan, participate in a Capacity Development Talk moderated by Eva-Maria Graf titled Digital Money: Building Capacity for a Virtuous Circle at the International Monetary Fund.
IMF Photo/Cory Hancock
11 April 2022
Washington, DC, United States
Photo ref: CH220411012.arw
Development is claimed to accompany jatropha has raised often unrealistic hopes about improvements in schools, roads, water supply, and rural health care, Zambia.
Photo by Jeff Walker/CIFOR
If you use one of our photos, please credit it accordingly and let us know. You can reach us through our Flickr account or at: cifor-mediainfo@cgiar.org and m.edliadi@cgiar.org
Arrested Development play HMV Institute in Birmingham, 14 October 2010.
www.arresteddevelopmentmusic.com
venues.meanfiddler.com/hmv-institute/home
Photos for Gig Junkies with review by Daron of The Hearing Aid.
www.thehearingaid.blogspot.com
© 2010 www.flickr.com/wayne_john_fox, please email me for the original images.
wayne [UNDERSCORE] john [UNDERSCORE] fox [AT] hotmail [DOT] com
Downloading, reproducing, blogging, copying or using my images in any way without my prior permission is illegal.
Thank you.
6th Regiment, Basic Camp Cadet Stephanie Alcy, Florida A&M University, smiles on the team development course at Fort Knox, Ky., Aug 2, 2019. | Photo by Mary Kate Griffin, CST Public Affairs Office.
During first to three months of birth, baby’s development is in full swing. During third month baby’s identify a smiling face and respond to a smile.
Buildings on Barrington just prior to being demolished in order to make way for the Cogswell interchange.
Date: [1968]
Photographer: Building Inspector, Works Department
Format: b&w negative, 6 x 6 cm
Retrieval Code: Halifax Works Department photograph, 102-39-1-521
Arrested Development play HMV Institute in Birmingham, 14 October 2010.
www.arresteddevelopmentmusic.com
venues.meanfiddler.com/hmv-institute/home
Photos for Gig Junkies with review by Daron of The Hearing Aid.
www.thehearingaid.blogspot.com
© 2010 www.flickr.com/wayne_john_fox, please email me for the original images.
wayne [UNDERSCORE] john [UNDERSCORE] fox [AT] hotmail [DOT] com
Downloading, reproducing, blogging, copying or using my images in any way without my prior permission is illegal.
Thank you.
Inside the Vorsteiner Design Studio, development of our GTRS4 Wide Body for the BMW F82 M4
All designed in-house by our own production facility in Orange County, California.
Full GTRS4 package includes front bumper, front fenders, side blades, quarter panels, rear bumper, exhaust tips, and embroidered floor mats.
Development Impact and the PhD scholarship - Road Map training, December 2013
Cumberland Lodge, Windsor
13-14 November - Green Growth and Sustainable Development Forum 2014.
For more information, visit: www.oecd.org/greengrowth/ggsd-2014.htm
Photo: Andrew Wheeler
Derek Beckman, a strength and conditioning coach on the brigade Holistic Health and Fitness team gives instructions to a group of battalion commanders from 3rd Brigade Combat Team, 10th Mountain Division, during a special physical training session as part of the week-long H2F leaders professional development training, at Fort Polk, Louisiana, May 6, 2021. The intent of week-long training was to introduce the H2F program to brigade senior leaders and explain on how the program will be implemented across the brigade. (U.S. Army photo by Staff Sgt. Ashley M. Morris)
Thank you to everyone who joined us for our final Project Tour of 2022, on October 19, 2022 .
Event Sponsors: RDC Design Build, Commonwealth Development Partners, Elford, Allen+Shariff, Desmone, its.
2022 Yearlong DL Sponsors: RIDC, Desmone, JPs Contracting, Bernstein Burkley.
Story Points & Foreseeable Project Velocity
We plan and estimate capacity according to story points. Tales are small units that describe an element from the user perspective. software development company assign values to every story utilizing a points system that measures its complexity the greater complex the storyline is, the greater story points it's given.
A03A0951
Squad capacity can also be defined in story points. Quite simply, we all know a squad has no more than, for instance, 25 story points per sprint. This judgement is dependant on yesteryear projects we’ve done which have permitted us to find out a regular quantity of story points we’ve had the ability to cope with in sprints from prior projects. This technique enables us to more precisely estimate time it will require to accomplish work and keep project velocity.
Quality Assurance
Quality assurance serves the straightforward purpose of keeping bugs from the final product. QA at Clearbridge is integrated with development through the project lifecycle, which will help reduce delays and bottlenecks and helps to ensure that defects are remedied because they are discovered.
We use a mix of testing practices including mix-developer verification (code reviews and unit testing) and also have a dedicated product team that handles client verification. Furthermore, software development company make use of a continuous integration system that compiles projects, checks for errors, and distributes the application towards the product team for testing.
Delivery
Once the application is able to be printed, we handle the submission tactic to the right application stores. For iOS particularly, it is really an important yet overlooked phase that lots of don’t look into project timelines, but certainly should. If done incorrectly, getting your application recognized towards the Application Store can require per week, in some instances longer when the submission is rejected.
A03A0934 (1)
At Clearbridge, there exists a product release manager that assembles all of the assets, optimizes your application listing, and completes the submission process based on the guidelines from the application store being posted to.
Ultimately, searching at the mobile project past the scope of development is essential to making a much better, more effective product. While from the technical and style perspective, it must be seem, software development company also wise to require a corresponding mobile strategy, a obvious value proposition, an awareness of the users, along with a process for testing and delivery. Using this holistic approach is what is the main difference between failure and success within the highly competitive application ecosystem.
At Bishop's Mill, on Freeman's Reach where the ice rink used to be in Durham City. This National Savings building is nearly finished and nearby they're putting up the steel skeleton of the new Passport Office (info).
ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND, Md. -- Three Chilean Army officers visited the U.S. Army Research, Development and Engineering Command Sept. 24 to 26 to learn about its science and technology capabilities for potential collaboration between the countries.
The Chilean officers, Brig. Gen. Ricardo Martinez Menanteau, Col. Juan Guerra Bazaes and Col. Luis Araya Cano, toured RDECOM's three research and engineering centers at APG -- the Army Research Laboratory; Communications-Electronics Research, Development and Engineering Center; and Edgewood Chemical Biological Center.
To read more:
Our career development center — in conjunction with academic advising — help you strategically showcase your skills and stand out from a sea of competitors. We start early by helping you define your goals and make the right major and career choices. Job shadowing, learning to network, practice for interviews, and preparing your resume are all part of the process.
Participants from Zimbabwe gather together for a Constitution Strategy Development Meeting with the UNDP Resident Coordinator, Elizabeth Lwanga and the Deputy Prime Minister of Zimbabwe, Thokozani Khupe. (Photo credit. UNIC Harare, 12 February 2010)
Rockwell-360
My collection of Rockwell photos for 2014
Rockwell Center
Makati City | Philippines
Unknown to some, Rockwell stands beside the historic Pasig river.
All rights reserved. Please do not use or copy without the author's permission.
bongbajo@yahoo.com
North of City of Bandung is well-known for its problematic environment vs. development. Government always emphasizes that this area is for water reservation from rain and also a forest for City of Bandung, but in reality it seems like developments continue day to day.
The Partnership on Measuring ICT for Development’s session on Measuring ICT and Gender addresses the question of what current statistics can tell us about women in the information society and how women use, benefit from and produce ICTs. The session looks at available data on gender and ICT and propose a set of priority areas where more data are needed, for discussion with the audience. The outcome of the session feeds into the work of the Partnership Task Group on Measuring Gender and ICT.
Day 2
14 May 2013
ITU/ J.M. Planche
Mobile app development can be a tricky affair. Research on various applications before banking on a particular one.
richmobilecms.wordpress.com/2013/04/05/mobile-app-develop...
Managing Director of the IMF Christine Lagarde speaks with Indonesian Finance Minister Sri Mulyani Indrawati the Development Committee meeting at the 2017 World Bank-IMF Spring Meeting in Washington on April 22, 2017.
During World War II, Western Allied tank development tended to lag behind their German enemies and Soviet counterparts: the British split their armored forces into infantry support tanks like the Matilda and Churchill, and exploitation tanks such as the Cruiser series. The former were tough but very slow; the latter were fast but thinly armored. None of them carried a large gun, as they were not meant to duel other tanks.
Experience in North Africa, where the British tanks were regularly outgunned by German Panzers and blown apart by 88mm antitank guns, led to a major change in British tank design. The success of the Germans with the Panther and the Russians with the T-34/85 led the British to begin designing a new main battle tank, the Comet--the Comet combined the speed of a Cruiser tank with the superb 17 pounder (76mm) gun of the Sherman Firefly. The Comet's armor was still considered to be too thin to resist a direct hit from an 88, so a heavier tank was ordered. This would become the Centurion.
Whereas the Comet was the answer to the Panther, the Centurion was meant to take on the German heavies: the Tiger and King Tiger. The design specification called for armor thick enough to take multiple 88mm hits, yet retain the mobility (if not the top speed) of the Comet. It would also be equipped with the 17 pounder main gun. The designers were able to meet these requirements by using sloped armor: though the Centurion's armor was actually thinner than that of the Churchill, the sloped design made it more resistant to hits. Although the Centurion was larger than the Comet, it was just as mobile. Design changes (such as dropping the 17 pounder in favor of a more powerful 20 pounder main gun) meant that the first Centurions did not reach the British Armoured Corps until after the end of World War II, but crews were enthusiastic about the design all the same: the Centurion was a winner.
They were right. The Centurion might not have ever dueled a Tiger, but it would prove to be one of the most successful postwar tank designs, equal to (and in some cases superior to) the American M48 Patton series and the Soviet T-55. Centurions quickly replaced all other British tank designs, and was heavily exported.
It would also be combat proven. The British used their Centurions to superb effect in Korea, where Centurion regiments reinvented tank doctrine in mountainous terrain; the Australians would use them in Vietnam, where only six out of 58 were lost. India used Centurions against Pakistan, while South Africa used theirs in Angola. By far, however, the most experienced Centurion users were the Israelis. The IDF Armored Corps began to receive ex-British and Canadian Centurions just before the Six-Day War of 1968; during the 1973 Yom Kippur War, about 80 IDF Centurions destroyed 500 Syrian T-55s in the Battle of the Valley of Tears. In Israeli service, the Centurion was known as the Sho't (Scourge), and most were upgunned with American 105mm main guns.
Centurions would be replaced by the Chieftain in British Army units, but hundreds of Centurions would persist in service well into the 1990s; South Africa still uses heavily modified Centurions as the Olifant. The Centurion also underwent several dozen variants as engineering vehicles, self-propelled artillery, and even heavily modified in Israeli as turretless armored personnel carriers.
Tracing tanks is not as easy as tracing aircraft, simply because there are usually more of them, and they are usually rather anonymous. This former Canadian Army Centurion is preserved outside the Military Museums of Calgary (formerly the Museum of the Regiments), and is painted in standard overall green. It's rather faded and rusty compared to its appearance the last time I saw this tank in 2006; given the excellent condition of the Churchill next to it, more than likely the museum will restore it in the near future.
I have another picture of this Centurion, displayed alongside the Churchill and a Sherman: www.flickr.com/photos/31469080@N07/19166427321/in/photoli.... That picture was taken in 2006, whereas this one was in August 2017.