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Imagine living caged. Imagine a huge wall being built around your home. Imagine this wall destroying trees and causing homes to be demolished. Possibly yours. What would you do?
The Israeli Wall has been comdemned by the UN, and yet it is still being built. The Anti-Apartheid Wall Campaign’s most recent map of the Wall’s path, finalized November 2003, reveals that if completed in its entirety, nearly 50% of the West Bank population will be affected by the Wall through loss of land, imprisonment into ghettos, or isolation into Israeli de facto annexed areas .
Israel maintains that the Wall is a temporary structure to physically separate the West Bank from Israel and thus to prevent suicide attacks on Israeli citizens. However the wall’s location, (in some places reaching up to 6km inside Palestinian territory), and projected length, (currently 750km, despite a border with Israel of less than 200km), suggest it is more realistically an additional effort to confiscate Palestinian land, facilitate further colony expansion and unilaterally redraw geopolitical borders all the while encouraging an exodus of Palestinians by denying them the ability to earn a living from their land, reach their schools or work places, access adequate water resources, or reach essential health care. (http://www.palestinemonitor.org/factsheet/wall_fact_sheet.htm/)
A DYING GHETTO
(Exerpt from Chris Hedges' Wall of Horrors)
Qalqiliya is a ghetto. It is completely surrounded by the wall. There is one Israeli military checkpoint to let people into the West Bank or back home again. Only those with special Israeli-issued permits can go in and out of Qalqiliya. It is not the Lodz ghetto or the Warsaw ghetto, but it is a ghetto that would be recognizable to the Jews who were herded into walled enclaves by Pope IV in 1555 and stranded there for generations. Qalqiliya, like all ghettos, is dying. And it is being joined by dozens of other ringed ghettos as the serpentine barrier snaking its way through up and down two sides of the West Bank gobbles up Palestinian land and lays down nooses around Palestinian cities, towns, villages and fields.
Construction began on the barrier in 2002 with the purported intent of safeguarding Israel from suicide bombers and other types of attacks. Although it nominally runs along the 1949 Jordanian-Israeli armistice/Green Line that demarcates the boundary between Israel and the Palestinian-held West Bank, around 80 percent of the barrier actually cuts into Palestinian territories --at some points by as much as 20 kilometers.
If and when the barrier is completed, several years from now, it will see the West Bank cut up into three large enclaves and numerous small ringed ghettos. The three large enclaves will include in the south the Bethlehem/Hebron area and in the north the Jenin/Nablus and Ramallah areas.
B'tselem, a leading Israeli human rights organization that documents conditions in the occupied territories, recently estimated that the barrier will eventually stretch 703 miles around the West Bank, about 450 of which are already completed or under construction. (The Berlin Wall, for comparison, ran 96 miles.) B'tselem also estimates that 500,000 West Bank residents will be directly affected by the barrier (by virtue of residing in areas completely encircled by the wall; by virtue of residing west of the barrier and thus in de facto Israeli territory; or by virtue of residing in East Jerusalem, where Palestinians effectively cannot cross into West Jerusalem).
I stand on Qalqiliya's main street. There is little traffic. Shop after shop is shuttered and closed. The heavy metal doors are secured to the ground with thick padlocks. There are signs in Hebrew and Arabic, fading reminders of a time when commerce was possible. There were, before the wall was built, 42,000 people living here. Mayor Maa'rouf Zahran says at least 6,000 have left. Many more, with the unemployment rate close to 70%, will follow. Over the tip of the wall, in the distance, I can see the tops of the skyscrapers in Tel Aviv. It feels as if it is a plague town, quarantined. Israeli officials, after a few suicide bombers slipped into Israel from Qalqiliya, began to refer to the town as a "hotel for terrorists."
There are hundreds of acres of farmland on the other side of the wall, some of the best farmland in the West Bank, which is harder and harder to reach given the gates, checkpoints and closures. There are some 32 farming villages on the outskirts of Qalqiliya, cut off from their land, sinking into poverty and despair. Olive groves, with trees that are hundreds of years old, have been uprooted and bulldozed into the ground. The barrier is wiping out the middle class in the West Bank, the last bulwark in the West Bank against Islamic fundamentalism. It is plunging the West Bank into the squalor that defines life in the Gaza Strip, where Palestinians struggle to live on less than $ 2 a day. It is the Africanization of Palestinian land...
If the barrier is being built for security, why is so much of the West Bank being confiscated by Israel? Why is the barrier plunging in deep loops into the West Bank to draw far-flung settlements into Israel? Why are thousands of acres of the most fertile farmland and much of the West Bank's aquifers being seized by Israel?
The barrier does not run along the old 1967 border or the 1949 armistice line between Israel and the Arab states, which, in the eyes of the United Nations, delineates Israel and the West Bank. It will contain at least 50% of the West Bank, including the whole of the western mountain aquifer, which supplies the West Bank Palestinians with over half their water. The barrier is the most catastrophic blow to the Palestinians since the 1967 occupation of the West Bank and Gaza.
The barrier itself mocks any claim that it is temporary. It costs $ 1 million per mile and will run over $ 2 billion by the time it is completed. It will cut the entire 224-mile length of the West Bank off from Israel, but because of its diversions into the West Bank to incorporate Palestinian land it will be about 400 miles in length. A second barrier is being built on the Jordan River side of the West Bank. To look at a map of the barrier is to miss the point. The barrier interconnects with every other piece of Israeli-stolen real estate in Palestinian territory. And when all the pieces are in place the Israelis will no doubt offer up the little ringed puddles of poverty and despair and misery to the world as a Palestinian state.
The former retail store George’s Place, a big-and-tall men's shop, located at 1001 H Street NE in the Near Northeast neighborhood (H Street corridor) of Washington, D.C. From The Washington Post: "George Butler, the man who owned the place since right after the 1968 riots that devastated much of the H Street NE and U Street NW corridors, put it up for sale in 2011. With its corner plot and massive bay windows, it’s a great location." The building was purchased by Ben Ali's family with plans to open another Ben's Chili Bowl restaurant. To the surprise of many locals, instead of renovating the property the building was torn down in October of this year. According to Nizam Ali, it was a safety issue.
The building was reportedly erected in 1908, but I've found references to this address as far back as 1898. It certainly looks to be late 19th century architecture. Here's a few things I found:
A man by the name of James O. Phelps operated a dry goods business at this address in the 1890s. He died in 1906 and there was a real estate transfer of this property and the adjoining address (1003) the following year. Also in 1908 The Washington Times reported: "L. Richold has sold the property located at 1001 and 1003 H street northeast to Israel S. Miller. The property has a frontage of thirty feet by seventy-five feet and is occupied by a store and flats. The consideration was about $9,000. The property was bought as an investment." From 1913 to the early 1920s, it was the Syndicate Department Store, operated by Julius E. Scheer. In 1920, the store included three addresses, 1001, 1003, and 1005 H Street NE. (here's a newspaper ad announcing the expanded space) Scheer lived with his family above the store; well, most of his family did at least. From a 1920 article in The Washington Herald: "Mrs. Frances Scheer, wife of Julius Scheer, a clothing merchant of 1001 H street northeast, was ordered by Justice Gould of the District Supreme Court yesterday to appear on September 24 and show cause why she should not be restrained from nagging her husband and attempting to ruin his business. Scheer, through Attorney Alvin L. Newmyer, filed suit for a limited divorce charging cruelty and made a special request to the court that pending the settlement of the suit, his wife be compelled to let him alone and stay out of his store." Two years later, the Herald reported what I imagine to be happy news for the Scheer family: "Dr. Adler Shefferman, rabbi of Adath Israel Temple, privately married Albert Scheer, 1001 H street northeast, and Miss Rose Hehraman, of Philadelphia, at his home, Tuesday night at 8 o'clock. They were unattended. The bride wore a blue coat suit and carried a bouquet of sweetheart roses and lilies of the valley. Upon their return from a trip to Philadelphia, and Atlantic City they will reside in this city. The bridegroom is a manager for the Syndicate Department Stores Company." From 1926-1927 local real estate developer Harry Wardman was a distributor for Overland (later Willys-Knight) automobiles and used the building as a sales and service branch. I don't know what the building served as the next few decades, but I do know Tops Furniture Co., Inc., was located there in 1969. According to the article mentioned earlier, I assume George's Place men's shop opened not long after that.
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© All rights reserved.
HDR-Panorama 2 Reihen 5x3 Belichtungen
Auf Tour mit d.r.i.p.
This handsome, well proportioned mid 19th century Liverpool merchant’s house has been completely demolished (November 2013). In my view this English Heritage Grade 2 listed building should have been one of Everton’s most prestigious properties but instead it stood derelict and neglected for several years.
Built in the 1830s, it was the type of dwelling house commissioned by wealthy Liverpool ship owners, sea Captains or insurance agents who had made their fortune trading with the Americas. This particular one was built on an elevated position on a natural ridge giving fine views over the town and River Mersey from its rear apartments. It was constructed in hand made brick and local sandstone and had a Welsh slate roof. At three storeys high plus basement with three bays on Everton Road and five on Plumpton Street, it was relatively large for its type. The rear parlour rooms had a fine curved bay window over two storeys from which the owner and his family might have been able to cast their eyes towards the river and survey the sailing ships which made their fortune. There was a separate stable block built at the rear, accessed from Plumpton Street. The front entrance of the house had typical stone gate piers, iron railings and a Classical porch. The house also had at least five iron balustraded window balconies including a fine curved one following the profile of the bay.
In other parts of Liverpool this type of historic property has been preserved for future generations to study and enjoy by being converted to multi occupation or by change of use. In my view it is a great pity that 71 Everton Road has suffered a different fate for some reason. Perhaps this should be examined very carefully to prevent a repeat of this unacceptable loss.
In the later 19th century 71 Everton Road was occupied by a succession of doctors and surgeons and became a private surgery. Then, in the mid 20th century it was acquired by Liverpool City Council to provide a schools clinic and HQ for the schools nurses team. In those days they carried out routine visits to Liverpool schools to conduct a programme of eye and ear tests and inspect for head lice (nits). In the 1930s the rear garden of 71 Everton Road was converted to provide a day nursery facility within a cluster of new modest single storey buildings.
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Junction With Oxford Street...Who Recalls Hombre De Bahia Nightclub?...All Gone Now.....But....Sadiq Khan Has Waved Through An Orms Office And Retail Block on Oxford Street After Using New Rules To Ensure A Nightclub Was Reinstated Into The 10-Storey Scheme...
"Nothing remains the same
It's just an era of fame
For what is built so brand new
Can take over the demolished few"
[HaMeDi©aL 2007]
I photographed this corner of Smithfield Plaza in 2016 and most of the buildings have been demolished since then to make way for a modern commercial complex known as Haymarket House. The well known "Tully Tiles" shop was based at the corner but they moved many years ago and their old tile warehouse factory became the home for 12 artist studios, a gallery space, workshop space, darkroom facilities, multidisciplinary events and international exchange projects.
Development location:
1-6 Haymarket, Dublin, Dublin, D07 CDN0
Description:
"Enabling works consisting of: demolition (in full) of the existing office & residential block at the Haymarket Site inclusive of the basement ( 1-6 Haymarket, 56-58 Smithfield including Smithfield Chambers), provision of associated hoarding and also provision of temporary stays for the Luas OHL (ahead of demolition of the existing building block currently providing support) with associated works. The site was formally known as the Tully Site. The demolition duration is approx. 5-6 months. All of the works above will not form a part of the permanent structure of the Mixed Use Office Development (Building) planned to be constructed on this site once enabling works completed. Mixed Use Office Development (Building) will be a subject of a separate Commencement Notice with documentation (Long Form)."
Mall is now demolished along with anchor stores
Frackville, PA. May 2017.
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A busy scene at Electric House. AEC Regent V No. 62 is nearest the camera; Leyland Atlantean No. 97 is on the opposite of the road. Ahead of that is AEC Regent V No. 61 on the sparsely operated Felixstowe Road Circular service. Tower Ramparts School, the dominant landmark here for so many years, is being demolished to make way for a shopping centre.
Digital Camera
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March 20, 2019 - Cabazon, California: Only the sign remains of the Wheel Inn Restaurant near the Cabazon Dinosaurs, made famous ni the 1980s movie Pee Wees Big Adventure
Source: Scan of an original photograph.
Set: FOO01.
Date: 1985.
Repository: From the collection of Mr & Mrs Foote..
Used here by their very kind permission.
Local Studies at Swindon Central Library.
www.swindon.gov.uk/localstudies
This mural of St. George and the Dragon was on the side of Mike Knight Tyres, Manton Street. It was organized by the Thamesdown Community Arts Project based on a panel in the National Gallery by Uccello.
Student helpers who worked with the lead artists on this work : Kate Parsons, Derek Chaney and Caroline Powell.
Restored 1985, by Martin Shipp, Sue Wilkins, Judy Foote, Sarah Faulkner.
(Source, Thamesdown Art Trails leaflet)
The building was demolished in c1991 during work on Bruce Street bridges.
Demolished in accident 26 March 2024, hit by container ship “Dali” - amp.cnn.com/cnn/2024/03/26/us/baltimore-key-bridge-collap...
History
There has been a dwelling here since the Domesday Book and the origins of the present house are as early as the late 15th century or the early 16th. At that time the buildings were a wool factory and the seat of the Horton family who went on to become a successful wool family dynasty. Thereafter the Hungerford family of nearby Farleigh Hungerford Castle and Corsham Court lived here. Following a change in ownership the classical the building was remodelled; the façade was added around 1725–30.[1]
Three generations of the Gaisford family lived here in the Georgian period, notably Dean Gaisford of Christ Church, Oxford; his father John had purchased the property in 1777.
Previously, the estate was owned by the Chandler family who was responsible for the modifications in the early 18th Century. The Gaisfords created pleasure grounds with a park and woodland. In approximately 1820, the Gaisford family bought an old house in the area (later demolished) in order to extend the grounds of their manor. The Gaisford family owned the estate until 1853 and were responsible for planting the hanging woodlands above the garden and several of the notable trees in the garden and surrounding landscape. The Rooke family lived here until Harold Peto purchased the property in 1899. After Peto's death, the estate was inherited by family and was sold in 1965 to Elizabeth Cartwright (later, Cartwright-Hignett). Her restoration of the garden was completed in the early 1970s.[3]
The family (William & Marianne Cartwright-Hignett) retained ownership of the manor as of October 2020. The gardens were open to visitors for many years[4][5] but were closed in 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic.[6] A coffee shop was being added, to open in April 2021; the tea room would also continue in operation. In 2020, the cloister and Georgian summer house were repaired to prevent their collapse.[7]
Gardens
The Peto Gardens
Iford is best known for its beautiful gardens, which are designated Grade I in the National Register of Historic Parks and Gardens by Historic England.[3] They were designed during the early part of the 20th century by the garden architect Harold Peto. He lived at Iford from 1899 until his death in 1933 during which time he built up an extensive collection of antiquities and artefacts, brought back from his travels abroad.[3] His great love of the Italian garden style is plainly evident at Iford, where flowers occupy a subordinate place amongst the more structural elements of cypress, statuary, hedges, water features and broad walks.[8]
According to Country Life, Peto was searching for a country home that would lend itself to a great garden design. When he found the Palladian villa in Wiltshire, "it was evocative of his favourite... the Villa Giusti at Verona. ... He avoided unnecessary change to the garden, preferring instead to develop the inherent character, the natural beauty and the historic atmosphere".[9]
A number of plants of particular interest can be found at Iford: standard Wisteria sinensis blossoms across much of the front of the house and up flights of steps linking the terraces (particularly good in late May); Phillyrea latifolia; Buxus sempervirens grows in wild tree form in the woods above the house and is extensively used in the gardens as a structural plant; Cupressus sempervirens; Hemerocallis citrina, the scented daylily; the naturalised Martagon lily.[citation needed]
In addition to his planting and structural work, Peto created a number of architectural garden features, which remain well preserved.[8] Behind the manor house, to which he added a loggia, terraces lead up to the main lawn. Alongside the lawn he built a lily pool, a colonnade-lined Great Terrace, and the Cloisters, a Grade II* listed[10] Italianate courtyard surrounded by an arcade,[3] which was his "Haunt of Ancient Peace" where he displayed many of his treasures.[citation needed] Higher up the hillside, he built more terraces with retaining walls, and a pavilion called the Casita.[3]
Thought lost after the war, the present owners since 1965, the Cartwright-Hignett family, have restored the garden and the various structures therein, initially assisted by Lanning Roper. John Hignett has extended the garden, including the creation of a Japanese Garden. The owners appointed Troy Scott Smith in 2019, previously Head Gardener of Sissinghurst, Bodnant and The Courts, to help replant and expand the garden further.[7]
Iford Manor was the recipient of the Historic Houses Association/Christie's Garden of the Year Award in 1998, and the Little Treasure of Britain Award in the 2017 Group Travel Awards.[11]
Arts and filming
Iford Manor has been used for filming on a number of occasions. Most recently it was used as a key location for The Secret Garden (2020) and in Sanditon (ITV 2019). In 2008 the gardens and the Cloisters were used as the venue for the wedding sequence in Episode 1 of the second series of the BBC's Mistresses.[12]
Regular concerts take place at weekends in the garden at no extra charge for garden visitors, and from 2021 a new season of arts events will take place.
From 1983 until 2018, the Iford Arts Festival held a three-month season of opera, jazz and other concerts in the gardens, making use of the Cloisters[13] and the Casita as performance spaces.[14] With urgent repair work needed to the Cloisters following subsidence, and the festival having outgrown the relatively small venue, the festival was moved to nearby Belcombe Court from 2019. Wikipedia
Scala, Lime Street, Liverpool, UK. 2016 & 1916.
The Scala Cinema, Lime Street (opened 31 January 1916) was designed by Essex, Goodman & W Aubrey Thomas.
Essex & Goodman (of Leeds) were the house architects for Sol Levy who built a small circuit of cinemas.
Thomas would have been chosen because he was a local architect, but it's not known what he contributed to the building.
It suffered so much blast damage in 1941 (WW2) that the front had to be greatly modified:
www.flickr.com/photos/44435674@N00/3058968783/
The programme is from 1916 - note who the manager was.
Vivian Van Damm would go on to manage the famous Windmill Theatre in London's Soho, during WW2, and proclaimed that "We Never Closed".
There's some sort of continuity I suppose, because the Scala became 'X in the City' - a lap-dancing venue which closed in October 2015 and the building (along with a lot of that stretch of Lime Street) is due to be demolished.
Update:
The Scala was demolished towards the end of January 2017.
Though listed as a Grade III Historic Building, the Tung Tak Pawn Shop (同德大押) which has stood in Wan Chai for 80 years is now facing the threat of demolition under urban renewal.....
（獨媒特約報導）全港碩果僅存的街角式單棟大押同德大押，業主正進行清拆工程，發展局已表明不考慮列為暫定古蹟。黃秋生在面書留言，斥清拆決定白痴，香港最終只會「得番幾塊路牌」。有學者稱評級時忽略了大押在香港押業的歷史價值。
逾80年歷史的同德大押，位於灣仔馬師道及軒尼詩道交界，業主早前獲批重建為23層高商廈。發展局稱古蹟辦曾先後四次與業主商討保育方案不果，並稱大押為三級歷史建築，故不考慮列為暫定古蹟。
藝人黃秋生在面書留言，稱拆同德大押決定白痴，香港最終只會剩下「幾塊路牌」：
「唔係呀？拆同德押？不如拆鳩咗個灣仔佢啦，邊個白鳩痴决定？自毁長城。算啦，冇架啦，香港得番幾塊路牌。我都諗下走人啦……換咗個殼，冇咗個精神，有Q用咩。」
《蘋果日報》訪問中文大學建築文化遺產研究中心項目主任吳韻怡稱，同德大押早於1938年已開始經營押業，評級忽略了建築物在香港押業的歷史。吳又稱全港僅有三座街角建築物採弧型設計，另兩座分別為雷生春及汝州街269至271號建築物。負責設計同德大押的建築師樓Raven & Basto曾設計同為歷史建築的山頂景賢里及聖類斯中學，吳韻怡認為同德大押的評級或被低估 (www.inmediahk.net/node/1036577)
Petition:
docs.google.com/forms/d/1yXEU1qWRLNoNr-mJ1lyKHXVwOoade5Nn...
This is the location of Amarillo's original Kmart, which opened in 1962. It closed in 2003, along with the Soncy st location. It was demolished and replaced with Home Depot in 2005
With a BMC FG lorry in close pursuit, Trans-Clyde Leyland Atlantean LA823 heads out of Glasgow on the No45 service to Carnwadric on 15th December 1980,
Wood Lane underground station. Demolished to make way the new bus station that will be part of the White City development. Gone and forgotten or is that Craig David I'm thinking of?
There's a very good illustrated history of the station by Hywel Williams here
From The Regent`s Park Estate`I Have Many Of These If Anyone Is Interested...Named After A Glacial Valley In The Lake District...Demolished Due To The Controversial HS2
Built- 1954
It appeared to be under renovation when I photographed the property in the winter. Today I discovered a new structure in its place. A true waste of an already 7,000 sq ft house.
I visited here at the start of the year and this shelter had sides and a small "shed" inside. It looks like all of that has recently been demolished. This is a picture from inside earlier in the year: flic.kr/p/2ihbE9r
As=Gay..Well I Never Knew That...Kingshill On The Popular South London Estate Currently Being Demolished..
Ysgol a oedd yn atgas gan fy mam-gu
✯✣✯✣✯✣✯
Ur skol kasaet gant va mamm-gozh
✯✣✯✣✯✣✯
Sgoil a ghabh mo sheanmhair gràin oirre
✯✣✯✣✯✣✯
Gure amonak gorrotatzen zuen eskola
✯✣✯✣✯✣✯
A school hated by my grandmother
✯✣✯✣✯✣✯✣✯✣✯✣✯
Wedi ei ailolygu: 4/2016
This photo was taken just a few weeks ago, but unfortunately this little corrugated-iron clad dwelling has since been demolished for development purposes. So this is my ever-lasting memory.
415 N Main St, Orrville, OH. Opened in 1947 and closed & demolished in 2008.
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Speaking of Orr Twin Cinema, I went back into my archives and dug up my film shots I took of the theater shortly after it was announced that the theater was going to close. This photo was taken looking north on Main St. The brown-sided portion of building to my left held newspaper offices for a period of time.
All rights reserved © fairuz 2010
While one person hesitates because he feels inferior, the other is busy making mistakes and becoming superior.
Thanks acidilicous :p
160910.
www.fox44news.com/news/local-news/demolition-to-bellmeads...
www.archpaper.com/2019/09/iconic-round-american-bank-bell...
Among the Czech Stop kolaches, Robertson’s roast beef stands, and Buc-ee’s along Interstate 35 through Central Texas, the American Bank in Bellmead represents the most recognizable of icons. The characteristic round shape, with its namesake perched above like an Ed Ruscha painting, is the boldest of statements among a sea of pole signs and fast food joints.
The Waco Tribune-Herald has reported that the iconic bank would be demolished in 2020, after recent attempts to determine a remodel for the structure was deemed “not economically feasible to get it up to serviceable condition for banking,” stated CEO Dana Hassell in the report. The renderings rekeased show a smaller replacement that evokes the round shape, framed by vertical wing walls clad in aluminum. Upon hearing of the impending demolition, preservation groups across the state have responded swiftly to save what Evan Thompson of the nonprofit Preservation Texas calls “a landmark.”
Designed by then Dallas-based architect Durwood Pickle, the American Bank was conceived as a landmark from the outset, intended to create a lasting visual statement. In a 1978 interview for ENR, Pickle explained that the owners “wanted the image of at least a five-story building but they did not need that much space.” The 71-foot diameter, two-story structure was instead built atop a raised landscape plinth. A lightweight fiber-reinforced concrete (FRC) shell, one of the few early examples in the State of Texas, attaches at the second level and rises upward to become a five-foot high parapet. The entire composition places the building above the interchange level to frame the bank clearly within view. An invitation to conduct drive-up banking radiates outward from the round shell, setting up a very clear and bold statement at ground level and from above. It is a statement that the current replacement proposal fails to attain.
Pickle’s intent clearly foreshadowed the bank’s impending concerns, however, its intentions were toward something greater, an experience rarely seen and that is quickly disappearing from our roadside theater. “People love this building because it’s different,” explained Thompson. “It was designed with the intention of being a roadside landmark—and for forty years, it has been. The Round Bank is obviously one of the architectural highlights along the otherwise monotonous and repetitive stretches of interstate between Dallas/Fort Worth and Austin. Because the Round Bank provides a visual anchor for all those who sail along (sometimes fast, sometimes slow) I-35, its loss would be disorienting and damaging and a total waste.” The state-run Texas Historical Commission is also looking into the structure’s potential for historical tax credits.
The loss of the American Bank would be an unfortunate one, visually of course, but also as an essential identifier for Bellmead and the Waco region. In capturing these images for the article, Dallas-based architectural photographer Parrish Ruiz de Velasco, shared his thoughts on the bank that is located near his family home. “It is one of those landmarks that you can’t miss and I think it is important to the community,” explained Velasco. “Upon sharing images I received several messages from friends and people I’ve never met, all saying the same thing—Gotta love the Circle Bank!”
For Chris Staples Heres Another From The Regent`s Park Estate...Named After A Glacial Valley In The Lake District...Demolished Due To The Controversial HS2....Earlier One Here www.flickr.com/photos/rollthedice/48982906212
Organised visit to see the tower for one last time. The tower was demolished on the 30th November 2017.
Please do not use without asking.
Elvet Bridge is a medieval masonry arch bridge across the River Wear in the city of Durham, in County Durham, England. It links the peninsula in central Durham and the Elvet area of the city, and is a Grade I listed building.
Building
Building of the bridge began in AD 1160 in the time of Bishop Hugh de Puiset (1153–95) De Puiset, also known as "Bishop Pudsey" was a powerful Prince Bishop who instigated a significant amount of building work in northern England. A key reason for building the bridge was the urban development taking place in what was the then Elvet borough. The bridge took many years to complete: in 1225 and 1228 indulgences were still being granted to people who contributed to "the building of the new bridge at Elvet". Of the current arches only one is late 12th century; the remainder are 13th century.
Elvet bridge was not Durham's first bridge over the Wear. The Foedarium of Durham Cathedral Priory, compiled early in the 15th century, records:
Bishop Hugo built the bridge of Elvit, called the New Bridge to distinguish it from the other bridge, already built, which is called the Old Bridge.
The bridge has 10 visible arches, but there is some dispute over how many arches exist in total. The early 16th-century antiquary John Leland believed there were 14 arches,[5] but this has never been proven. The river flows through four full arches – the remaining are dry or partly so. The early 19th-century antiquary Robert Surtees wrote that there were 10 arches,[5] and this number has been verified. Others may be hidden beneath the street on the Elvet side or beneath Souter Peth.
Subsequent history
The bridge was repaired extensively in the time of Bishop Foxe between 1495 and 1501, and again in 1601. A flood in 1771 badly damaged the bridge and the three central arches were renewed. The bridge was 15 feet (4.6 m) wide until 1804–05, when it was widened by 18 feet (5.5 m) on its upstream (northern) side.
In the Middle Ages Elvet Bridge was guarded by a gate and towers, and there was a number of buildings on the bridge. They included a chapel at either end: St James' at the western end and St Andrew's on a pier at the eastern end. St Andrew's may have been the larger of the two, as an inventory compiled in 1549 in the Edwardine Reformation measured the lead on their roofs as 36 square yards (30 m2) at St James' but 88 square yards (74 m2) at St Andrew's. St James' chapel was replaced with a House of Correction (prison) in 1632. In the 18th century the House of Correction and many buildings at the north end of the bridge were demolished.
The chapel on the eastern, Elvet, side of the bridge has partially survived and is particularly visible from the riverbanks to the south. A number of buildings incorporate part of the bridge, and 18 Elvet Bridge is also Grade I listed as a result.
The bridge is reputed to be the narrowest row-through bridge in Europe.
Durham is a cathedral city and civil parish in the county of Durham, England. It is the county town and contains the headquarters of Durham County Council, the unitary authority which governs the district of County Durham. It had a population of 48,069 at the 2011 Census.
The city was built on a meander of the River Wear, which surrounds the centre on three sides and creates a narrow neck on the fourth. The surrounding land is hilly, except along the Wear's floodplain to the north and southeast.
Durham was founded in 995 by Anglo-Saxon monks seeking a place safe from Viking raids to house the relics of St Cuthbert. The church the monks built lasted only a century, as it was replaced by the present Durham Cathedral after the Norman Conquest; together with Durham Castle it is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. From the 1070s until 1836 the city was part of the County Palatine of Durham, a semi-independent jurisdiction ruled by the prince bishops of Durham which acted as a geopolitical buffer between the kingdoms of England and Scotland. In 1346, the Battle of Neville's Cross was fought half a mile west of the city, resulting in an English victory. In 1650, the cathedral was used to house Scottish prisoners after their defeat at the Battle of Dunbar. During the Industrial Revolution, the Durham coalfield was heavily exploited, with dozens of collieries operating around the city and in nearby villages. Although these coal pits have now closed, the annual Durham Miners' Gala continues and is a major event for the city and region. Historically, Durham was also known for the manufacture of hosiery, carpets, and mustard.
The city is the home of Durham University, which was founded in 1832 and therefore has a claim to be the third-oldest university in England. The university is a significant employer in the region, alongside the local council and national government at the land registry and passport office. The University Hospital of North Durham and HM Prison Durham are also located close to the city centre. The city also has significant tourism and hospitality sectors.
Toponymy
The name "Durham" comes from the Brythonic element dun, signifying a hill fort and related to -ton, and the Old Norse holme, which translates to island. The Lord Bishop of Durham takes a Latin variation of the city's name in his official signature, which is signed "N. Dunelm". Some attribute the city's name to the legend of the Dun Cow and the milkmaid who in legend guided the monks of Lindisfarne carrying the body of Saint Cuthbert to the site of the present city in 995 AD. Dun Cow Lane is said to be one of the first streets in Durham, being directly to the east of Durham Cathedral and taking its name from a depiction of the city's founding etched in masonry on the south side of the cathedral. The city has been known by a number of names throughout history. The original Nordic Dun Holm was changed to Duresme by the Normans and was known in Latin as Dunelm. The modern form Durham came into use later in the city's history. The north-eastern historian Robert Surtees chronicled the name changes in his History and Antiquities of the County Palatine of Durham but states that it is an "impossibility" to tell when the city's modern name came into being.
Durham is likely to be Gaer Weir in Armes Prydein, derived from Brittonic cajr meaning "an enclosed, defensible site" (cf. Carlisle; Welsh caer) and the river-name Wear.
History
Early history
Archeological evidence suggests a history of settlement in the area since roughly 2000 BC. The present city can clearly be traced back to AD 995, when a group of monks from Lindisfarne chose the strategic high peninsula as a place to settle with the body of Saint Cuthbert, that had previously lain in Chester-le-Street, founding a church there.
City origins, the Dun Cow story
Local legend states that the city was founded in A.D. 995 by divine intervention. The 12th-century chronicler Symeon of Durham recounts that after wandering in the north, Saint Cuthbert's bier miraculously came to a halt at the hill of Warden Law and, despite the effort of the congregation, would not move. Aldhun, Bishop of Chester-le-Street and leader of the order, decreed a holy fast of three days, accompanied by prayers to the saint. During the fast, Saint Cuthbert appeared to a certain monk named Eadmer, with instructions that the coffin should be taken to Dun Holm. After Eadmer's revelation, Aldhun found that he was able to move the bier, but did not know where Dun Holm was.
The legend of the Dun Cow, which is first documented in The Rites of Durham, an anonymous account about Durham Cathedral, published in 1593, builds on Symeon's account. According to this legend, by chance later that day, the monks came across a milkmaid at Mount Joy (southeast of present-day Durham). She stated that she was seeking her lost dun cow, which she had last seen at Dun Holm. The monks, realising that this was a sign from the saint, followed her. They settled at a wooded "hill-island" – a high wooded rock surrounded on three sides by the River Wear. There they erected a shelter for the relics, on the spot where Durham Cathedral would later stand. Symeon states that a modest wooden building erected there shortly thereafter was the first building in the city. Bishop Aldhun subsequently had a stone church built, which was dedicated in September 998. This no longer remains, having been supplanted by the Norman structure.
The legend is interpreted by a Victorian relief stone carving on the north face of the cathedral and, more recently, by the bronze sculpture 'Durham Cow' (1997, Andrew Burton), which reclines by the River Wear in view of the cathedral.
Medieval era
During the medieval period the city gained spiritual prominence as the final resting place of Saint Cuthbert and Saint Bede the Venerable. The shrine of Saint Cuthbert, situated behind the High Altar of Durham Cathedral, was the most important religious site in England until the martyrdom of St Thomas Becket at Canterbury in 1170.
Saint Cuthbert became famous for two reasons. Firstly, the miraculous healing powers he had displayed in life continued after his death, with many stories of those visiting the saint's shrine being cured of all manner of diseases. This led to him being known as the "wonder worker of England". Secondly, after the first translation of his relics in 698 AD, his body was found to be incorruptible. Apart from a brief translation back to Holy Island during the Norman Invasion the saint's relics have remained enshrined to the present day. Saint Bede's bones are also entombed in the cathedral, and these also drew medieval pilgrims to the city.
Durham's geographical position has always given it an important place in the defence of England against the Scots. The city played an important part in the defence of the north, and Durham Castle is the only Norman castle keep never to have suffered a breach. In 1314, the Bishopric of Durham paid the Scots a 'large sum of money' not to burn Durham. The Battle of Neville's Cross took place around half a mile west of the city on 17 October 1346 between the English and Scots and was a disastrous loss for the Scots.
The city suffered from plague outbreaks in 1544, 1589 and 1598.
Bishops of Durham
Owing to the divine providence evidenced in the city's legendary founding, the Bishop of Durham has always enjoyed the formal title "Bishop by Divine Providence" as opposed to other bishops, who are "Bishop by Divine Permission". However, as the north-east of England lay so far from Westminster, the bishops of Durham enjoyed extraordinary powers such as the ability to hold their own parliament, raise their own armies, appoint their own sheriffs and Justices, administer their own laws, levy taxes and customs duties, create fairs and markets, issue charters, salvage shipwrecks, collect revenue from mines, administer the forests and mint their own coins. So far-reaching were the bishop's powers that the steward of Bishop Antony Bek commented in 1299 AD: "There are two kings in England, namely the Lord King of England, wearing a crown in sign of his regality and the Lord Bishop of Durham wearing a mitre in place of a crown, in sign of his regality in the diocese of Durham". All this activity was administered from the castle and buildings surrounding the Palace Green. Many of the original buildings associated with these functions of the county palatine survive on the peninsula that constitutes the ancient city.
From 1071 to 1836 the bishops of Durham ruled the county palatine of Durham. Although the term "prince bishop" has been used as a helpful tool in the understanding the functions of the bishops of Durham in this era, it is not a title they would have recognised. The last bishop to rule the palatinate, Bishop William Van Mildert, is credited with the foundation of Durham University in 1832. Henry VIII curtailed some of the bishop's powers and, in 1538, ordered the destruction of the shrine of Saint Cuthbert.
A UNESCO site describes the role of the bishops in the "buffer state between England and Scotland":
From 1075, the Bishop of Durham became a Prince-Bishop, with the right to raise an army, mint his own coins, and levy taxes. As long as he remained loyal to the king of England, he could govern as a virtually autonomous ruler, reaping the revenue from his territory, but also remaining mindful of his role of protecting England’s northern frontier.
Legal system
The bishops had their own court system, including most notably the Court of Chancery of the County Palatine of Durham and Sadberge. The county also had its own attorney general, whose authority to bring an indictment for criminal matters was tested by central government in the case of R v Mary Ann Cotton (1873). Certain courts and judicial posts for the county were abolished by the Supreme Court of Judicature Act 1873. Section 2 of the Durham (County Palatine) Act 1836 and section 41 of the Courts Act 1971 abolished others.
Civil War and Cromwell (1640 to 1660)
The city remained loyal to King Charles I in the English Civil War – from 1642 to the execution of the king in 1649. Charles I came to Durham three times during his reign of 1625–1649. Firstly, he came in 1633 to the cathedral for a majestic service in which he was entertained by the Chapter and Bishop at great expense. He returned during preparations for the First Bishops' War (1639). His final visit to the city came towards the end of the civil war; he escaped from the city as Oliver Cromwell's forces got closer. Local legend stated that he escaped down the Bailey and through Old Elvet. Another local legend has it that Cromwell stayed in a room in the present Royal County Hotel on Old Elvet during the civil war. The room is reputed to be haunted by his ghost. Durham suffered greatly during the civil war (1642–1651) and Commonwealth (1649–1660). This was not due to direct assault by Cromwell or his allies, but to the abolition of the Church of England and the closure of religious institutions pertaining to it. The city has always relied upon the Dean and Chapter and cathedral as an economic force.
The castle suffered considerable damage and dilapidation during the Commonwealth due to the abolition of the office of bishop (whose residence it was). Cromwell confiscated the castle and sold it to the Lord Mayor of London shortly after taking it from the bishop. A similar fate befell the cathedral, it being closed in 1650 and used to incarcerate 3,000 Scottish prisoners, who were marched south after the Battle of Dunbar. Graffiti left by them can still be seen today etched into the interior stone.
At the Restoration in 1660, John Cosin (a former canon) was appointed bishop (in office: 1660–1672) and set about a major restoration project. This included the commissioning of the famous elaborate woodwork in the cathedral choir, the font cover and the Black Staircase in the castle. Bishop Cosin's successor Bishop Lord Nathaniel Crewe (in office: 1674–1721) carried out other renovations both to the city and to the cathedral.
18th century
In the 18th century a plan to turn Durham into a seaport through the digging of a canal north to join the River Team, a tributary of the River Tyne near Gateshead, was proposed by John Smeaton. Nothing came of the plan, but the statue of Neptune in the Market Place was a constant reminder of Durham's maritime possibilities.
The thought of ships docking at the Sands or Millburngate remained fresh in the minds of Durham merchants. In 1758, a new proposal hoped to make the Wear navigable from Durham to Sunderland by altering the river's course, but the increasing size of ships made this impractical. Moreover, Sunderland had grown as the north east's main port and centre for shipping.
In 1787 Durham infirmary was founded.
The 18th century also saw the rise of the trade-union movement in the city.
19th century
The Municipal Corporations Act 1835 gave governing power of the town to an elected body. All other aspects of the Bishop's temporal powers were abolished by the Durham (County Palatine) Act 1836 and returned to the Crown.
The Representation of the People Act 2000 and is regarded as the second most senior bishop and fourth most senior clergyman in the Church of England. The Court of Claims of 1953 granted the traditional right of the bishop to accompany the sovereign at the coronation, reflecting his seniority.
The first census, conducted in 1801, states that Durham City had a population of 7,100. The Industrial Revolution mostly passed the city by. However, the city was well known for carpet making and weaving. Although most of the mediaeval weavers who thrived in the city had left by the 19th century, the city was the home of Hugh MacKay Carpets’ factory, which produced the famous brands of axminster and tufted carpets until the factory went into administration in April 2005. Other important industries were the manufacture of mustard and coal extraction.
The Industrial Revolution also placed the city at the heart of the coalfields, the county's main industry until the 1970s. Practically every village around the city had a coal mine and, although these have since disappeared as part of the regional decline in heavy industry, the traditions, heritage and community spirit are still evident.
The 19th century also saw the founding of Durham University thanks to the benevolence of Bishop William Van Mildert and the Chapter in 1832. Durham Castle became the first college (University College, Durham) and the bishop moved to Auckland Castle as his only residence in the county. Bishop Hatfield's Hall (later Hatfield College, Durham) was added in 1846 specifically for the sons of poorer families, the Principal inaugurating a system new to English university life of advance fees to cover accommodation and communal dining.
The first Durham Miners' Gala was attended by 5,000 miners in 1871 in Wharton Park, and remains the largest socialist trade union event in the world.
20th century
Early in the 20th century coal became depleted, with a particularly important seam worked out in 1927, and in the following Great Depression Durham was among those towns that suffered exceptionally severe hardship. However, the university expanded greatly. St John's College and St Cuthbert's Society were founded on the Bailey, completing the series of colleges in that area of the city. From the early 1950s to early 1970s the university expanded to the south of the city centre. Trevelyan, Van Mildert, Collingwood, and Grey colleges were established, and new buildings for St Aidan's and St Mary's colleges for women, formerly housed on the Bailey, were created. The final 20th century collegiate addition came from the merger of the independent nineteenth-century colleges of the Venerable Bede and St Hild, which joined the university in 1979 as the College of St Hild and St Bede. The 1960s and 70s also saw building on New Elvet. Dunelm House for the use of the students' union was built first, followed by Elvet Riverside, containing lecture theatres and staff offices. To the southeast of the city centre sports facilities were built at Maiden Castle, adjacent to the Iron Age fort of the same name, and the Mountjoy site was developed, starting in 1924, eventually containing the university library, administrative buildings, and facilities for the Faculty of Science.
Durham was not bombed during World War II, though one raid on the night of 30 May 1942 did give rise to the local legend of 'St Cuthbert's Mist'. This states that the Luftwaffe attempted to target Durham, but was thwarted when Cuthbert created a mist that covered both the castle and cathedral, sparing them from bombing. The exact events of the night are disputed by contemporary eyewitnesses. The event continues to be referenced within the city, including inspiring the artwork 'Fogscape #03238' at Durham Lumiere 2015.
'Durham Castle and Cathedral' was named a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1986. Among the reasons given for the decision were 'Durham Cathedral [being] the largest and most perfect monument of "Norman" style architecture in England', and the cathedral's vaulting being an early and experimental model of the gothic style. Other important UNESCO sites near Durham include Auckland Castle, North of England Lead Mining Museum and Beamish Museum.
Historical
The historic city centre of Durham has changed little over 200 years. It is made up of the peninsula containing the cathedral, palace green, former administrative buildings for the palatine and Durham Castle. This was a strategic defensive decision by the city's founders and gives the cathedral a striking position. So much so that Symeon of Durham stated:
To see Durham is to see the English Sion and by doing so one may save oneself a trip to Jerusalem.
Sir Walter Scott was so inspired by the view of the cathedral from South Street that he wrote "Harold the Dauntless", a poem about Saxons and Vikings set in County Durham and published on 30 January 1817. The following lines from the poem are carved into a stone tablet on Prebends Bridge:
Grey towers of Durham
Yet well I love thy mixed and massive piles
Half church of God, half castle 'gainst the Scot
And long to roam those venerable aisles
With records stored of deeds long since forgot.
The old commercial section of the city encompasses the peninsula on three sides, following the River Wear. The peninsula was historically surrounded by the castle wall extending from the castle keep and broken by two gatehouses to the north and west of the enclosure. After extensive remodelling and "much beautification" by the Victorians the walls were removed with the exception of the gatehouse which is still standing on the Bailey.
The medieval city was made up of the cathedral, castle and administrative buildings on the peninsula. The outlying areas were known as the townships and owned by the bishop, the most famous of these being Gilesgate (which still contains the mediaeval St Giles Church), Claypath and Elvet.
The outlying commercial section of the city, especially around the North Road area, saw much change in the 1960s during a redevelopment spearheaded by Durham City Council; however, much of the original mediaeval street plan remains intact in the area close to the cathedral and market place. Most of the mediaeval buildings in the commercial area of the city have disappeared apart from the House of Correction and the Chapel of Saint Andrew, both under Elvet Bridge. Georgian buildings can still be found on the Bailey and Old Elvet most of which make up the colleges of Durham University.