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Fort-nine Senior Officers graduate from Rwanda Defence Force Command and Staff College | Musanze, 7 June 2024
11th July, 2008. Australian Defence Force, Military Diocese's Wreathlaying Ceremony, held at the Australian War Memorial.
REF: PAIU2008/095.03
This might possibly be a World War II surface Public Air Raid Shelter, built to accommodate around twenty people. The building has been has been constructed from poured concrete typical of the era, with a concrete roof, normally they were brick built. Possibly to provide protection for local Civil Defence Volunteers or public ?
World War Two Air Raid Shelters, were structures built for the protection of Military and Non-Military Personnel against enemy air attacks. They were similar to bunkers in many ways, although they were not designed to defend against ground attack. Prior to World War Two, in May 1924, an Air Raid Precautions Committee was set up in the United Kingdom. For years, little progress was made with shelters because of the apparently irreconcilable conflict between the need to send the public underground for shelter and the need to keep them above ground for protection against gas attacks. In February 1936 the Home Secretary appointed a technical Committee on Structural Precautions against air attack.
By November 1937, there had only been slow progress, because of a serious lack of information on which to base any design recommendations and the committee proposed that the Home Office should have its own department for research into Structural Precautions, rather than relying on research work done by the Bombing Test Committee to support the development of bomb design and strategy. This proposal was eventually implemented in January 1939. During the Munich Crisis, Local Authorities dug trenches to provide shelter. After the crisis, the British Government decided to make these a 'permanent feature' with a standard design of precast concrete trench lining. Unfortunately these turned out to perform very poorly. They also decided to issue free to poorer households the ''Anderson Shelter'' and to provide steel props to create shelters in suitable basements.
In the United Kingdom, it was recognised early on that Public Air Raid Shelters in open spaces, especially near streets, were urgently needed for pedestrians, drivers and passengers in passing vehicles, etc. The programme of building Public Air Raid Shelters commenced in March 1940, the government supplying the materials, and being the moving force behind the scheme, with private builders executing the work under the supervision of surveyors. These shelters consisted of 14in brick walls and 12in reinforced concrete roofs, similarly to, but much larger than, the Private Air Raid Shelters in backyards and gardens being introduced slightly later. The Public Air Raid Shelters were usually intended to accommodate about fifty persons, and were divided into various sections by interior walls with openings connecting the different sections, which were normally furnished with six bunk beds.
The construction work then went on rapidly, until the resources of concrete and bricks began to be depleted due to the excessive demand placed on them so suddenly. Also, the performance of the early Public Air Raid Shelters had a serious blow to public confidence. Their walls were shaken down either by earth shock or blast, and the concrete roofs then fell onto the helpless occupants, and this was there for all to see. At around the same time rumours of accidents started to circulate, such as on one occasion people being drowned due to a burst main filling up the Shelter with water. Although much improved designs were being introduced whose performance had been demonstrated in explosion trials, Public Air Raid Shelters became highly unpopular, and shortly afterwards householders were being encouraged to build or have built Private Air Raid Shelters on their properties, or within their houses, with materials being supplied by the government.
Information sourced from -
www.heritagegateway.org.uk/Gateway/Results_Single.aspx?ui...
Panoramic shot of Skiningrove sea defence and the jetty in the back ground.
Canon 5D, 14:58, f/22, ISO 50, 90 sec
Irish Army Sniper teams practicing marksmanship skills in the Glen of lmaal.
Photos: Cpl Johhny Tuft
@irishdefenceforces
Defence Spokesperson in discussion on the RDF’s role in tackling moral injury in conflict situations | Kigali, 20 February 2025
Minister of Fisheries Richard Benyon attending a discussion with Laura Sandys MP. The Mayor of Sandwich and local councillors were also invited to talk about Sandwich Flood Defences.
In my opinion, this gun looked far too modern to have once defended the castle, but what do I know !!
London Fire and Civil Defence Authority
The existing London Fire and Civil Defence Authority was reconstituted on 3 July 2000 as the London Fire and Emergency Planning Authority (LFEPA)
Defence Spokesperson in discussion on the RDF’s role in tackling moral injury in conflict situations | Kigali, 20 February 2025