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The Royal Courts of Justice was opened by Queen Victoria in 1882 and became the permanent home of the Supreme Court. The history of the administration of justice in England and Wales spans many centuries. By the mid-19th century‚ a number of separate courts had come into existence at different times and to meet different needs. Many anomalies and archaisms had arisen and it was recognised that this state of affairs was unacceptable‚ and‚ in consequence‚ the Judicature Acts of 1873-75 reconstituted all the higher courts. The Judicature Acts abolished the former courts and established in their place a Supreme Court of Judicature‚ the name of which was changed in 1981 to the Supreme Court of England and Wales.
The Supreme Court consists of two courts: the High Court of Justice and the Court of Appeal. The High Court consists of three Divisions dealing mainly with civil disputes: the Chancery Division (which took over the work of the old High Court of Chancery)‚ the Queen’s Bench Division (which incorporated the jurisdiction of the three former common law courts: the Court of King’s Bench‚ the Court of Common Pleas and the Court of Exchequer) and the Probate‚ Divorce and Admiralty Division which took over the former Court of Admiralty‚ Court of Probate and Court for Divorce. This last division has itself been replaced by the Family Division which was created in 1970.
When Queen Victoria opened the Royal Courts of Justice on 4th December 1882 she was drawing a line under a long and difficult effort to achieve a home for the Supreme Court for England and Wales.
Before 1875‚ courts had been housed in Westminster Hall‚ Lincoln’s Inn and various other buildings around London and pressure had been mounting for a grand new building and in 1866 Parliament announced a competition for the design.
The eleven architects competing for the contract for the Law Courts each submitted alternative designs with the view of the possible placing of the building on the Thames Embankment. The present site was chosen only after much debate.
In 1868 it was finally decided that George Edmund Street‚ R.A. was to be appointed the sole architect for the Royal Courts of Justice and it was he who designed the whole building from foundation to varied carvings and spires.? Building was started in 1873 by Messrs. Bull & Sons of Southampton.
There was a serious strike of masons at an early stage which threatened to extend to other trades and caused a temporary stoppage of the works. In consequence‚ foreign workmen were brought in - mostly Europeans. This aroused bitter hostility on the part of the men on strike and the newcomers had to be specially protected by the police and were housed and fed in the building.? However‚ these disputes were eventually settled and the building took eight years to complete and was officially opened by Queen Victoria on the 4th of December‚ 1882. Sadly‚ Street died before the building was opened.
Parliament paid ?1‚453‚000 for the 7.5 acre site. It was reported that 4‚175 people lived in 450 houses. In two houses in Robin Hood Court 52 people had their abode‚ in Lower Serle’s Place 189 people slept in 9 houses. The site also housed the Kit Kat Club.
The building was paid for by cash accumulated in court from the estates of the intestate to the sum of ?700‚000. Oak work and fittings in the courts cost a further ?70‚000 and with decoration and furnishing the total cost for the building came to under a million pounds.
The dimensions of the building (in round figures) are: 470 feet (approx.143 metres) from East to West; 460 feet (approx.140 metres) from north to south; 245 (approx 74 metres) feet from the Strand level to the tip of the fleche.
Entering through the main gates in the Strand one passes under two elaborately carved porches fitted with iron gates. The carving over the outer porch consists of heads of the most eminent Judges and Lawyers. Over the highest point of the upper arch is a figure of Jesus Christ; to the left and right at a lower level are figures of Solomon and Alfred; that of Moses is at the northern front of the building. Also at the northern front‚ over the Judges entrance are a stone cat and dog representing fighting litigants in court.
The walls and ceilings (of the older‚ original Courts) are panelled in oak which in many cases is elaborately carved. In Court 4‚ the Lord Chief Justice’s court‚ there is an elaborately carved wooden royal Coat of Arms.? Each court has an interior unique to itself; they were each designed by different architects.
There are‚ in addition to the Waiting Rooms‚ several Arbitration and Consultation Chambers together with Robing Rooms for the members of the Bar.
A customer awaits his order at the Pi Pizza truck before the presidential debate watch party in the Public Media Commons in St. Louis.
I don't know what it says about me, but I see this little one engaged in an argument or a debate, perhaps a lawyer or legislator.
Republished from www.popvssoda.com/.
Yellow/green = SODA
Blue = POP
Red = COKE
My previous photo, which makes reference to "sprinkles," plunged me into a debate on whether they should be called "sprinkles," or "jimmies" or (heaven forbid) "hundreds and thousands."
That reminded me of an even more profound fissure in American culture: The Great Soft Drink Nomenclature Debate.
This map was created by Matthew Campbell and Prof. Greg Plumb of East Central University in Oklahoma. The original version of this image is clickable, to reveal county-by-county statistical data.
And let the record show: It's called soda both in my native New Jersey and here in my adopted home of California. I would have it no other way.
we experience a situation like this many times ...i witnessed one recently .
do chk my new photography page :
www.facebook.com/pages/Kalpana-Chatterjee-s-Photography/1...
would love all of you to connect with me there too.
Hace poco di con esta inesperada sorpresa. En su segundo volumen, Debates Críticos (revista institucional de Universidad Arcis), seleccionó para su publicación una serie de intervenciones en el frontis de la U. de Chile mientras la casa de estudios estuvo tomada.
Mil gracias a Paola González y Mario Soro por la sincronía.
Don't know who originated this (anyone have details? I would prefer to give credit) but have seen it in emails and blogs. Had to snag a copy for my Flickr group March from Monkey to Man. Thanks to MR for the suggestion. Based on a strange moment after the third debate.
Sera Monastry, Lhasa, Tibet
"Debates are punctuated with vigorous gestures which enliven the ambience of the occasion. Each gesture has a meaning. The debater presents his case with subtlety, robed in a formal monk’s attire. Some of the gestures (said to have symbolic value), made during the debates, generally subtle dramatic gestures are: clapping after each question; holding right hand and stretching left hand forward and striking the left palm with the right palm; clapping hands loudly to stress the power and decisiveness of the defender’s arguments denoting his self-assurance; in case of wrong answer presented by the defender, the opponent gestures three circles with his hand around the defenders head followed by loud screaming to unnerve the defender; opponent's mistake is demonstrated by wrapping his upper robe around his waist; loud clapping and intense verbal exchange is common; and the approach is to trap the defender into a wrong line of argument. Each time a new question is asked, the teacher strikes his outstretched left palm with his right palm. When a question is answered correctly, it is acknowledged by the teacher bringing the back of his right hand to his left palm. When the defender wins the debate he makes an allegorical dig at the questioner by questioning his basic wisdom as a Buddhist."
[Ref: Wikipedia]
Siamo la banda che suona le tue ossa.
The Bone Machine
Live @ United Club
Torino
31_10_2011
LA DIABOLICA PERVERSIONE DEL ROCK'N'ROLL
JACK CORTESE,BIG DADDY-ROTT and BLACK MACIGNO.
people were conducting debate and discussions about religion and politics on the street.
~ best viewed large 'street-debate II' On Black or you can see part I Here also.
Background info for the “EXpelled Exposed!” set has been moved here.
original source unknown; used in a YouTube video
Old Kodachrome of Tibetan monks debating. It is a most lively and animated exercise of their intellectual prowess.
friend of mine was having a massive debate on that social networking site thats very popular about lindsay lohans Marilyn ask shoot for playboy so i did a vector of one of the images and avoid the debate
In a debate with Council and the Commission on the October European Council, MEPs urged leaders to not waste any more time and take urgent action to tackle the energy crisis.
Read more: www.europarl.europa.eu/news/en/press-room/20221014IPR4321...
This photo is free to use under Creative Commons license CC-BY-4.0 and must be credited: "CC-BY-4.0: © European Union 2022– Source: EP". (creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) No model release form if applicable. For bigger HR files please contact: webcom-flickr(AT)europarl.europa.eu
Prof. Dennis Brutus of South Africa and American lawyer Nathan Williams debate about the role of the WTO.
The presidential debate between Barak Obama and John McCain is front and center as members of 24 Hour Fitness in Irvine get their workout .
Attention! Our activists were attacked on this night. Few of activists were severely beaten by unknown men.
The police didn't caught the criminals, but suspended deforestation work.
--
Today we came to the Khimki forest.
At 11:30 we came to the forest near the Klyzma river near SNT Druzhba, close to the camp of ecologists of June 23rd of 2010 (the place is on ecmo.ru).
The deputy Gudkov of the State Duma came with us.
We observed freshly cut down trees - birches with leaves and a huge harvester (a machine to cut down the trees or even to pick them out of the land) nearby.
We wanted to come closer, securities rushed and pushed Yaroslav Nikitenko. Everyone was oppressed, the deputy became furious and started to demand documents from the guards, and called the police. I was not made harm, but it was unpleasant and unlawful to touch me.
We demanded the documents. They said "none".
They said "the documents are in the office".
We called the police.
The director of the company clearing called Evgenia Chirikova.
He said "they have all the documents".
Later he said they don't have a permission for clearing and the permission for the construction.
Greenpeace lawyer Blatova, Save Khimki Forest movement lawyer Kozlov both agreed that the required by law documents are absent.
We called the Khimki police.
Sheruimov said the following: "we called for the documents, they are on way, before they come we can't say the works are illegal".
That is absolutely weird and it's ununderstandable how the trees are being cut down and the police "believes" the documents exist and does nothing to stop illegal works.
N.B. In Russia the law demands the documents to be on the place of works and not "in the office".
The activists called the investigating department and started to wait.
They did't come. Then they called the higher departments, said about the criminal undoing of the police officers. This is still happening till the late evening in Russia. We're calling higher and higher, complaining on the officers, but no one comes to the forest.
That's why we decided to make a camp in the forest and to stand to protect ourselves the trees.
During the presence on the first clearing, a call from the witness came that near Starbeevo, near the old pioneer camp, workers with chain-saws cut down trees.
Part of the activists and lawyers rest on the first place, and the major part led by Yaroslav Nikitenko came to investigate the second illegal felling.
When came to the spot, activists saw many trees fallen.
Big birches with the new fresh green leaves. Especially sad looked the oaks very wide, of a few hundred years old which lay down on earth split into a few chunks.
Near the fallen oak we found two bottles of dark yellow liquid, probably oil and the ribbons for the chain-saws.
We called the police and started to write the act.
Suddenly an activist Beilinson cried out: "Look! He hit him!"
We rushed to him.
A volunteer of Greenpeace Joseph Kogutko stepped a bit aside and wanted to look at the surroundings.
A guard came to him, hit his mobile out of his hands and wanted to make him more harm.
We ran closer. The guy went on me, I managed to make a photo of him from a close distance, he could't touch me though. Instead he severely hit Alesha Belikh in face. Immediately blood flew out of his nose, that was broken.
The photos from the action, the photos of Alesha and the gangster are now in my twitter @ynikitenko.
The guy ran away into the forest. The securities just laughed at us, and the FSB which constantly spies at us just stood with the securities.
The police came soon, surprisingly. We said about the beating. The officer looked round the clearing, looked at the bottles and came back to his car. He said the operative group will come.
We stayed there to wait for the arrival of the operative group to check so that the police does it work.
Most part of people left.
Then the officer departed after some time.
We left too. It was dangerous to stay there in a small group with the gangsters.
Alesha refused to go to hospital to fix traumas, he refused to write to the police saying that is vain.
The police didn't come anywhere, did not fix the traces of crime, did not prevent the works.
That's why we with the remaining activists came to the first place, where they already arranged the camp, to protect the trees ourselves.
We hope more activists will come and it will be more secure, though it's already dark.
In case something happens to us we'll try to write to you.
Please follow us in our twitters and ecmo.ru
P.S. During writing this letter we observed a beaver swimming on the river Klyazma, one of the three planned specially protected natural areas in the Khimki forest - planned before the construction of the road Moscow to St. Petersburg through the Khimki forest was decided.
P.P.S. The securities here behave very strange. Something may happen at night. In case they start to destroy the trees, we will stop them.
--
Yaroslav Nikitenko
Attention! The activists were attacked on the night. Few of activists were severely beaten by unknown men.
The police didn't caught the criminals, but suspended deforestation work.
See also www.change.org/petitions/save-khimki-forest-stand-with-ru... - the collection of signatures against Vinci's participation in the project. More than 20,000 already collected!
Coalition for the forests of Moscow region!
Greenpeace Russia
WWF Russia
Social-Ecological Union
Biodiversity conservation center
Russian birds conservation union
Movement for Khimki forest protection
Follow us!
Latest news about Khimki Forest from leading media VIA ecoradar
Yevgenia Chirikova, Leader of the Khimki Forest Defenders
We will open an international site soon: www.khimkiforest.org
#SOTEU: Let’s make the most of the momentum to shape an ambitious future.
* Roadmap to EU 2025 built on democratic values and efficient decision-making
* Complete Defence, Security, Energy, Digital, Monetary and Capital Markets Union
* Offer equal opportunities to all citizens and strengthen industrial competitiveness
* Create EU agencies for workers’ rights, cybersecurity and counter-terrorism.
Political groups welcomed Commission President Jean-Claude Juncker’s ambitious vision for a strong and united Europe 2025 in the annual “State of the Union” debate this morning.
Plans on defence, security, legal migration, international trade, social equality and on how to strengthen the Union’s budgetary capacity and democratic decision-making process were discussed by political group leaders in a three-hour debate.
This photo is free to use under Creative Commons licenses and must be credited: "© European Union 2017 - European Parliament".
(Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives CreativeCommons licenses creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
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Paulo Morais e Andressa Gonçalves, oficineiros de Memória na Tela e realizadores do curta "≠", em debate após a sessão