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We'd been contemplating the sarcophagi for a few minutes when a small group arrived, accompanied by a guide. In Spanish, he explained that the bodies were prepared for burial by having their entrails and viscera removed. The bodies were then treated with herbal and animal unguents. They were placed in the sarcophagi head down in a fetal position. The bodies were wrapped in textiles, and were accompanied by ceramics, tools or weapons, dried foods and, in one case, a quipu, one of the knotted cords the Incas used for keeping records.
The guide went on to say that the skulls are part of the funerary assemblage. They are trophy heads that reflect the deceased military prowess. Here, it is possible to see that a material of some kind has been placed in the eyes of the skull. Frank sensibly suggested that the skulls were filled with clay to weight them down and keep them in place.
How did the Chachapoya people place these structures, which are about seven feet tall, on this ledge? The guide said that the archaeologist who investigated the site in the 1980s, Federico Kauffman Doig, believed that they inserted planks into the horizontal spaces between the strata and used them as foundations for a series of platforms that went up the face of the cliff. To reach the final location, they used a ladder. They expanded the opening in the cliff to accommodate the sarcophagi.
Kauffman Doig was the very model of archaeological restraint: he did not open the sarcophagi, accessing them through openings that were created when an earthquake in the 1920s toppled one of them and created the gaps you can see at the base of the ones at the left. Also, he only took hair, skin and clay samples from the burial structures, leaving the rest of the contents in place. He did not open the three on the right.
The guide then directed the group to proceed up a very steep and narrow trail to see structures containing secondary burials. Not wanting to join the Karajía six in eternity here, I demurred, but I gave the guide an unexpected tip for sharing his knowledge with us.
According to Wikipedia:
Carajía or Karijia is an archaeological site in the Utcubamba Valley, located 48 km northeast of the city of Chachapoyas, Peru in Luya Province, Amazonas Region, where eight Chachapoyan mummies were discovered on the cliffside, referred to by local residents as the “ancient wise men”.
The seven (originally eight) sarcophagi stand up to 2.5 meters tall, constructed of clay, sticks and grasses, with exaggerated jawlines.
Their inaccessible location high above a river gorge has preserved them from destruction by looters.
However, an earthquake toppled one of the original eight in 1928.
They have been radiocarbon dated to the 15th century, coincident with the Inca conquest of the Chachapoya in the 1470s.
The sarcophagi are of a type particular to the Chachapoya called purunmachus. The construction is painted white and overlaid with details of the body and adornment in yellow ochre and two red pigments, such as the feathered tunics and male genitalia visible on the Carajía purunmachus. Often the solid clay head will boast a second, smaller head atop it. The purunmachus of Carajía are unique because of the human skulls that sit atop their heads, visible in the photograph.
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Según Wikipedia:
Los Sarcófagos de Karajía, o Carajía, son un conjunto de sarcófagos o ataúdes según la tradición funeraria de los chachapoyas, de hasta 2,50 m de alto con formas humanas.
Fueron encontrados en el barranco de Karajía en el distrito de Luya del Departamento de Amazonas, Perú) en 1985 por el arqueólogo peruano Federico Kauffmann Doig gracias a las referencias proporcionadas por Carlos Torres Mas.
La costumbre de los chachapoyas de usar sarcófagos para enterrar a sus muertos, ataúdes cuya forma sigue el contorno de la figura humana, fue mencionada en el Mercurio Peruano en 1791.
Esto llamó la atención de Louis Langlois (1939) y de los arqueólogos Henry y Paule Reichlen (1950).
Después de ellos, esta particularidad de funeraria recibió poca atención de los estudiosos.
Una expedición conducida por Federico Kauffmann Doig, en 1985, logró localizar, en el sitio de Karajía, el más importante grupo de sarcófagos hasta entonces conocido, el cual permanecía intacto.
Los sarcófagos de Karajía son únicos en su género por su tamaño colosal, ya que llegan hasta los 2,50 metros de alto y por su cuidadosa elaboración. El hecho de que estuvieran emplazados en lo alto de un barranco de difícil acceso, ha permitido que se conserven a salvo de manos extrañas y de depredadores.
Gracias al apoyo prestado por miembros del Club Andino Peruano, a los arqueólogos les fue posible escalar 24,00 metros de pared rocosa vertical y acceder a la gruta donde están emplazados los sarcófagos, que se encontraba más de 200,00 metros del fondo de la quebrada.
Karajía-1 está constituido por siete sarcófagos. El tercero se derrumbó probablemente durante el sismo de 1928, desapareciendo en el abismo. Como quiera que los sarcófagos están lateralmente unidos unos a otros, el que se desplomó abrió forados en los costados de los contiguos. Este hecho permitió reconocer en detalle el contenido de estos sarcófagos y determinar el de los restantes, que de esta manera no tuvieron que ser violentados y permanecen intactos.
En el interior del sarcófago abierto se encontraba una momia, sentada sobre un pellejo y envuelta en telas mortuorias. Objetos de cerámica y ofrendas diversas acompañaban al difunto. La datación obtenida por radiocarbono al analizar los restos orgánicos, ofreció la fecha de 1460 d. C.
Roedores y aves de rapiña habían alterado el contexto del entierro.
El otro sarcófago estaba vacío por haber sido carcomido y retiradas del lugar la momia y sus pertenencias.
Los sarcófagos están conformados por grandes cápsulas antropomorfas hechas de arcilla mezclada con ramas pequeñas y piedras, aplicada sobre una estructura de cañas o ramas.
Sólo la cabeza y parte del pecho son compactos. Tanto cuerpo como cabeza están decorados con pintura roja de dos tonos, aplicada sobre una base blanca.
Se considera que estos sarcófagos son evocaciones de la forma típica del fardo funerario costeño y cordillerano correspondiente al período Huari.
En efecto, en uno como en otro caso, la forma antropomorfa ha sido dada sólo en cuanto al contorno del cuerpo humano, sin que se evidencien las formas correspondientes a las extremidades.
Hay que remarcar que la cabeza del sarcófago ha recibido tratamiento escultórico, y que el rostro es el resultado de copias en arcilla de máscaras funerarias originalmente hechas de una tabla recortada en forma de media luna para representar la mandíbula.
Tralee and Dingle rail car in 15/16mm scale on 45mm narrow gauge track. Onboard power from 7.2v NiMH battery pack with 2.4GHz radio control.
This little inspection car was built at Tralee in 1922 and served on various Irish narrow gauge lines including the West Clare. She was cut up and scrapped at Ennis in 1961. (Rowlands, McGrath & Francis - "The Dingle Train".) What a great preservation railway asset she would have been today if she had survived!
D&G ex-Burnley & Pendle Optare Versa 157 leaving the stops outside Stoke railway station.
Pentax K-x/SMC 28mm (42mm in this format).
Autobusos Pegaso Monotral 6035-4 de l'empresa SEAT aparcats al carrer Diputació. Aquests vehicles s'utilitzaven pel transport dels treballadors fins a la factoria de la Zona Franca.
Barcelona, 17 de juliol de 1986.
3-D Cross-eye stereogram
focus stacked with 6 pics in each shot to increase the DOF.
stare at the pic- slightly defocus and cross your eyes when an image forms in the middle try to relax your eyes to stabilise the 3-D image. If you can visualise this one try the larger size.
The 3D image really does put the pollen anthers in their place.
Kommer du ihåg de här glasögonen som skulle ge dig 3-D bild på TV?
Fotosöndag tema glasögon.
Do you remember these which were made for watching 3-D movies?
For Swedish group Photo Sunday.
Scania 144L 460 S171JSK ,DSS50. D Steven & Son, Wick. loading frozen vegetables in Belgium for Iceland frozen foods. Xmas 98
Lufthansa / B744 D-ABVW "Wolfsburg" / Berlin-Tegel [EDDT/TXL]
For more aviation photos visit my JetPhotos profile!
McDonnell Douglas MD-11 - MSN 48806 - D-ALCN
Airline Lufthansa
Status : Active
Registration : D-ALCN
Country : Germany
Date : 1954 -
Codes LH DLH
Callsign : Lufthansa
Web site : www.lufthansa.de
Serial number 48806 LN:646
Type MD-11 F
First flight date Unknown
Engines 3 x GE CF6-80C2D1F
25/01/2001 LufthansaD-ALCN *Last MD-11 built*
Dornier Do28-G-92 Skyservant msn4199 de 1973
Aérodrome de Pujaut, Gard
20/04/2018
59+24 (German Navy), F-GHYI, D-IAAE, HA-ACZ, D-IMOB.
D-ABTI - Boeing B-727-230A - Lufthansa
(leased from Condor and operated in Condor fuselage-colours)
at Duesseldorf-Airport (DUS) in February 1989
c/n 20.790 - built in 1974 for Condor -
leased to Lufthansa between 11/1988 and 03/1989 -
sold to Olympic Airways as SX-CBH -
retired and stored Bukarest-OTP
scanned from Kodachrome-slide