Contributed by daughter Cecily Johnson

Contributed by Norb Jr.

This photograph was taken by Nicholson Museum curator William J Woodhouse in Greece between 1890 and 1935.

Can you help us catalogue the Woodhouse photographic archive? Contribute by adding tags and answering the following questions in the comments below:

•What do you see? Write a brief description for this image.

•Where was this photograph taken?

•Can you find the geo co-ordinates (latitude and longitude) of this exact place? Let us know by linking to the google maps or add the co-ordinates in your comment.

•Do you know what year this photograph was taken?

About the archive:

The Nicholson Museum holds over 1800 glass-plate negatives taken by Woodhouse while in Greece in 1890s and early 1900s. A small portion of the archive also includes photographs of his family in the Blue Mountains, NSW, Australia. The collection documents important archaeological sites, significant landscapes of the Greek mainland, contemporary buildings and the people he met along the way. His archive is a rich resource capturing many sites pre-archaeological excavation and before modern industrial development. Some of the photographs were published by Woodhouse in his book 'Aetolia: its geography, topography, and antiquities' published in 1897. His desire to capture Greece on 'film', was simply put in his introduction: "History only attains its full value by borrowing actuality from geography and topography". The archive shows his love not only for the sites but also for the people and spirit of Greece.

About the project:

We are asking you to contribute to our documentation of this collection and assist us with the identification of the hundreds of different monuments and places in Greece. The title of each photograph will include the museum registration number (NM2007.##.##) and may already include a place name where museum staff or Woodhouse himself have titled the image.

All of our flikr contributors will be acknowledged when the collection is published through our online collections at the completion of the project.

A Book About Death : EACH ARTIST CONTRIBUTES 500 POST CARDS TO CREATE AN UNBOUND BOOK ABOUT DEATH.

AN HOMAGE TO RAY JOHNSON, A CELEBRATION OF EMILY HARVEY AND AN EXHIBITION AT THE EMILY HARVEY FOUNDATION GALLERY IN NEW YORK CITY, AN EVENT.

OPENING THURSDAY 10 SEPTEMBER 2009

7:30 PM - 11 PM

EXHIBITION: 10 - 22 SEPTEMBER 2009.

537 Broadway NYC, NY 10012

The whole picture - up close and personal

I worked early into this morning on this piece, and actually hesitated sending it because i have been quite unsure about showing my art ("Are you serious?!" those who know me and my work may ask) perhaps it's because I'm going through some changes, both personal and creative. Looking back on these shots/series, i am reminded about the power of images, of photography, and how when used as a vehicle for transmitting important information, can be a powerful tool for change and transformation.

I still feel like the woman on the left sometimes. I look back on this whole set of images I posted back in 2005, and realize that she is and always be a part of me. Because when the medications are not adjusted properly, when i think about the battle my mother is waging against cancer, the loss of my grandmother a few months ago, her sad blue eyes and the helplessness and desperation in them touches me, and makes me realize that perhaps I'm on this difficult leg of my creative journey to push through uncertainty, face up to adversity, and trust that i will emerge a stronger and a more well defined person.

So if anybody will be in the gallery area, please let me know - take a photo of my postcard, send me one if you can; because if I can't be there in body, i will be there in spirit.

I've been contributing to this fairly new printed magazine in Australia for a year or so I guess. They had some of my Shikari pics for this article as well as a photo of Rou that was included in the mag as a pull out poster....a first for me.

Going to be doing more work for them over the summer, maybe even some band portrait cover shoots. I've had cover shots on a few online magazines but never a printed one - I'd say it was about time that happened eh.

Contributed photo

James O'Brien rides Playguns Royal Moon at the San Antonio Ranch Gelding Stakes & Sale.

From left, Michael Ray, Drew Ray, Beth Ray, Katherine Hall and Stephanie Pritchard. (contributed photo)

Built in the 19th Century and early 20th Century, these buildings are contributing structures in the Lee-Holman Historic District, listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1996.

Photo contributed by Vicki Fuller, who believes the students were studying Shakespeare and doing a drama.

Absolute truth for today’s world careless consumption driving untenable production that driving changes in temperature and weather patterns and that’s Hotter, Hungry World. Hungry world will contribute millions of desperate people. Desperate people do desperate things: They riot, they fight over food, they overthrow governments, and the mass migrate to food-secure countries.

We believe humanity in need of Climate Responsible Community, Climate Compatible Development and we must get Each baby Caring to Each particle of Resources.

To Combat the Climate Change and Global Warming Threat

Please, save a drop of water daily, during all water related activities

Please, plant at least a Native tree annually at own home or community

Please, let’s waste not single particle of food

Please, let’s waste not single particle of any resource

Please, keep off electric appliances one minute daily

Please, suspend travel by personal car once a day

Please, keep a day in a week luxury free

Please, do not throw away the waste wherever you like

Please, No more junk food

Please, Avoid one time

Please, Buy items made from recycled materials

Please, Prefer land phone instead of your cell

Please, save one minute to think on Climate Change and Environment

You Can Reduce CO2 Emissions, Plant Native Trees Worldwide

sasrai Volunteer demand your kind contemplation to spread sasrai across the globe effectively. Please keep a sasrai-Movement slogan at the bottom of your each letter, printing and publication. Let’s keep a sasrai-Movement banner/poster at residence and office gate.

Regards

SM Farid Uddin Akhter

Secretariat In-charge

sasrai-Movement

email: fgaleeb@gmail.com

Phone: 88 01553 748 354, 0312855382

Let's we try to save one Taka/dollar/pound/yen ........from our daily use, consumption, expenditure, LUXURY combat the CLIMATE CHANGE, GLOBAL WARMING and the sequences.

http://www.facebook.com/sasraiMovement.2004

http://sasrai.wordpress.com/sasrai-movement/

http://www.facebook.com/group.php?gid=8450962401

http://www.facebook.com/Pallipathagar

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:Priyoithu

Let's be a desired friend to all creature, humanity, environment, earth

Plant for planet, water for world, environment for entire

sasrai – sustainable augmentation, solicited restraint, animated integrity

sasrai – work locally-serve globally, initiative local-outcome global

sasrai BANNER

https://www.facebook.com/sasraiMovement.2004/photos/pcb.849499705072461/849499415072490/?type=1&theater

https://www.facebook.com/sasraiMovement.2004/photos/pcb.849499705072461/849499661739132/?type=1&theater

This structure is a contributing property to the 1984 listing of the Jay Em Historic District on the National Register of Historic Places.

Jay Em is a lovely and historic, though mostly abandoned, community located in the scenic rolling hills of the High Plains of northern Goshen County between Torrington and Lusk. Much of its old business district is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

Closing session of the IAEA Technical Cooperation Programme: Sixty Years and Beyond - Contributing to Development. Vienna, Austria 1 June 2017.

Photo Credit: Dean Calma / IAEA

This photograph was taken by Nicholson Museum curator William J Woodhouse in Greece between 1890 and 1935.

Can you help us catalogue the Woodhouse photographic archive? Contribute by adding tags and answering the following questions in the comments below:

•What do you see? Write a brief description for this image.

•Where was this photograph taken?

•Can you find the geo co-ordinates (latitude and longitude) of this exact place? Let us know by linking to the google maps or add the co-ordinates in your comment.

•Do you know what year this photograph was taken?

About the archive:

The Nicholson Museum holds over 1800 glass-plate negatives taken by Woodhouse while in Greece in 1890s and early 1900s. A small portion of the archive also includes photographs of his family in the Blue Mountains, NSW, Australia. The collection documents important archaeological sites, significant landscapes of the Greek mainland, contemporary buildings and the people he met along the way. His archive is a rich resource capturing many sites pre-archaeological excavation and before modern industrial development. Some of the photographs were published by Woodhouse in his book 'Aetolia: its geography, topography, and antiquities' published in 1897. His desire to capture Greece on 'film', was simply put in his introduction: "History only attains its full value by borrowing actuality from geography and topography". The archive shows his love not only for the sites but also for the people and spirit of Greece.

About the project:

We are asking you to contribute to our documentation of this collection and assist us with the identification of the hundreds of different monuments and places in Greece. The title of each photograph will include the museum registration number (NM2007.##.##) and may already include a place name where museum staff or Woodhouse himself have titled the image.

All of our flikr contributors will be acknowledged when the collection is published through our online collections at the completion of the project.

Contributing Building - Calhoun Street Historic District - National Register of Historic Places

NRIS #79000677

IMMIGRANTS CONTRIBUTE: AMERICA, WE SING BACK! community event at the All Souls Unitarian Church at 1500 Harvard Street, NW, Washington DC on Saturday afternoon, 28 September 2013 by Elvert Barnes Photography

Information Presentation

Loide Rosa Jorge, Attorney At Law, US Immigration and Nationality Law

lrjorgelaw.com/

Follow DC Office of Human Rights / IMMIGRANTS CONTRIBUTE: AMERICA, WE SING BACK! facebook event page at www.facebook.com/events/530488973690958/

Bigshot Toyworks contributed character development and design, as well as digital modeling for the "Salty" character in this new ad for Knorr Sidekicks. The clip was animated by the fine folks at Sons & Daughters, directed by David Hicks, and commissioned by DDB Canada for Knorr. We're thrilled to have been involved in such a quality project! As you can see, everyone's hard work produced a truly quality spot for a happy client.

This is Mark Stanek, he has contributed photo's to me, with his permission to share with the rest of you until I can get him up on here. I have known him since my first days on the J & K Line Railroad (since 1994) even worked with him for a spell on the CKIN for several years. Here we see him near Erie St. in Rochester, IN. and of all things next to the former Erie Railroad mainline in town. This is a Mark Stanek photo, taken by his wife MaryBeth Stanek, out of the Jason Jordan collection.

The LGBTQ+ tourist community contributes greatly to Puerto Vallarta’s financial stability.

I saw very few other posters advertising any upcoming events. Perhaps they use electronic media like Facebook which nobody has the time and patience to teach me how to navigate that medium.

Mayor Murray addresses attendees of the 40th Annual Community Celebration for Martin Luther King Jr. Seattle Community Colleges hosted the event at Mt. Zion Baptist Church in Seattle. The program centered around The Race Card Project, which is a national conversation about race in which participants share their thoughts, experiences, and observations about race in only six words. Mayor Murray's six words were: history, future, despair, hope, oppression, and opportunity.

The Mayor cited Maya Angelou's poem recited at Bill Clinton's inauguration in which she writes, 'History, despite its wrenching pain, / Cannot be unlived, and if faced / With courage, need not be lived again.'

KENYA, Maasai Mara: In a photograph taken by Make It Kenya 23 June 2015, Josphat Mako (right) Maasai guide and companion to author and travel writer Stuart Butler, stands with a Maasai companion known as Lemeria as the sun begins to set over the Mara North Conservancy adjacent to Kenya's world famous Maasai Mara National Reserve. Throughout the months of May and June, Stuart and Mako walked over 200km across traditional lands belonging to Kenya's Maasai. Embarking from the high, remote and forested Loita Hills they headed west, skirting the edge of the world famous Maasai Mara National Reserve, passing through private and community conservancies before finishing at the foot of the Oloololo Escarpment. During the expedition, Stuart and Mako visited numerous Maasai villages known as manyattas spending time with both past and present generations of Maasai people, learning about their traditional cultures and contemporary Maasai lifestyles, and the pressure of the modern world and the 21st Century, conservation, political pressures and tourism, all of which influence and contribute to Maasai life today. MANDATORY CREDIT: MAKE IT KENYA PHOTO / STUART PRICE.

An African Oradour...

Barlonyo (also Bar Lonyo, meaning "field of wealth" in Luo) is a village in northern Uganda near Lira town. Here follows the text of the remembrance book for the massacre of 2014, made by residents themselves.

The survivors perform regularly an re-enactment of what happened in their village. The pictures were made in November 2016, at the same time while the International Criminal Court (ICC) was starting the trials of the main suspect of the massacre, former LRA commander Dominic Ongwen.

THIS MEMORY BOOK IS BASED ON DOCUMENTATIONS OF THE MASSACRE CONDUCTED BY THE JUSTICE AND RECONCILIATION PROJECT (JRP), IN ADDITION TO FOCUS GROUP DISCUSSIONS HELD BY COLLABORATIVE TRANSITIONS AFRICA (CTA).

CTA CONTRIBUTES TO BUILDING LASTING PEACE AFTER VIOLENT CONFLICT IN AFRICA BY AIDING INNOVATIVE, LOCAL, INITIATIVES AND IDEAS OF SURVIVORS TO HELP THEIR OWN COMMUNITIES COPE AND RECOVER.

FOR ANY THOUGHTS OR COMMENTS, PLEASE SEE CTA WEBSITE WWW.CTAFRICA.ORG

Barlonyo martyr village

Before the War

Since 1986, a civil war has taken place between the Government of Uganda and the Lord’s Resistance Army (LRA). Before the war the Langi people of Lira district and the people of Barlonyo made a living by farming and taking care of the livestock.

Barlonyo means “place of wealth”; a piece of land where people can be wealthy with hard work. Previously, life around Barlonyo was characterized by hunting, fishing, traditional dances and storytelling, and the cultivation of crops, small businesses and cattle rearing,

The civil war lead to the creation of displacement camps in Lira and disrupted their way of life.

After a government offensive called “Operation Iron Fist” in late 2002, Lira district became even more insecure. The LRA began attacking civilians in Lira district and as a result, nearby civilians in Lira voluntarily created Barlonyo camp between September and November 2002. Barlonyo is 26 km north of Lira town and sits next to the River Moroto.

In the afternoon of 21 February 2004, over 300 people were murdered in less than three hours and thousands were displaced to neighbouring camps.

This book is to remember and honour the lives of those who were killed and affected by the massacre. It is also meant to recognize how Barlonyo has moved forward after the massacre, and to memorialize their story so the next generation in Barlonyo does not allow such an atrocity to happen again.

Timeline of massacre events:

Times are approximated based on eye-witness testimony

5:00 pm

300 LRA gather in the fields outside of Barlonyo to receive attack instructions from Okot Odhiambo. According to one soldier who participated in the raid, Odhiambo told the LRA soldiers: “I have received order from the high command of the LRA. You are to kill every living Thing. Kill the old people, kill the adults, kill the government soldiers, and abduct all the young children and boys.”

Several civilians spot the rebels and try to alert the camp. The LRA becomes suspicious of the civilians who had run Back to the camp and they started to shoot in their direction. The rebels fired an RPG (Rocket-Propelled Grenade) toward the detach. At this time one person is shot.

5:30 pm

The LRA, headed by 7 fighters, splits into 3 groups. One group attacks the militia detach and sets it on fire. 28 soldiers and some of the family members were in the barracks and all were killed in the attack. The groupe attacking the detach then continues on the main camp.

The camp residents did not realize that the detach was being attacked and were doing activities such as bathing, cooking, drinking and playing cards when the LRA arrived. The other two groups surrounded the main camp and begin massacring civilians and abducting others. There were over 300 LRA rebels with 100 guns, a bomb, two J2s, Ak-47 and clubs and sticks. A small gap of fighters on the western side of the camp allows some civilians, Amuka and LDU to escape. Some hide in the bushes and others run to Ogur.

7:30 pm

After the massacre was over Odhiambo blew his whistle, gathered the rebels under a tree, and tied all of the new abductees to the tree. At least 24 people were kidnapped and taken to carry looted goods or serve in the rank and file of the LRA. They marched their captives, most laden with heavy food stuffs and luggage to the river Moroto (3 km away).

8:30 pm

Several people struggled to cross the deep river and were punished for their caution. One woman spilled millet as she stumbled, and was promptly chopped to death with a panga. Twenty people were killed by the LRA at the River Moroto by smashing their heads and stabbing them with bayonets. The group carries on into Okwang.

By the end of the massacre over 300 residents of Barlonyo were shot, mutilated with pangas, beaten to death with sticks or pierced with bayonets. Many others were burned to death after following instructions to enter their homes. Those who tried to escape were killed. No one was spared and after only three hours, the LRA retreated from the camp.

Remembering the dead:

There is a cement mass grave and memorial statue commemorating the massacre of Barlonyo camp. As seen above, the official government record claims that only 121 were massacred at Barlonyo even though the death toll was over 300 people according to community members and the camp commanders list. The actual number can never be known, as many lost were young children or left no one to account for them.

Every year a prayer ceremony takes place on 21 February to remember the massacre. Representatives from the government attend and the entire community comes together to pray for the massacre victims: “The prayer ceremonies are good because people from other places come together. It makes them know people love them, council them, it makes them normal.”

Some survivors hold on to some of the possessions of los friends and family members as a way of remembering them. For those who did not have their hut burned down, objects such as ID cards, cooking pots, and clothing are a way to remember their lost loved ones.

A group of Barlonyo community members performs dramatic performances about the massacre to both visitors and the people of Barlonyo. The performances are done by a local youth group as a way of bringing people together and coping with the massacre. “It makes them remember what happened here. It helps them with their trauma… It’s not just for the sake of playing but bringing people together.”

As the Barlonyo community moves on after the massacre, men and women are worried about poverty, hunger and sickness in their daily lives. One Barlonyo resident said: “We ne3ed institutions at Barlonyo to remember. Hospitals, security, education, better memorials.”

Not only can institutions serve as a memorial to the massacre, but they can help the Barlonyo community recover from their experiences and flourish in the aftermath of the civil war. The needs described on the next page were based on a series of conversations with the people of Barlonyo.

. Boreholes – we need more water, the stream is dirty

.Children with disabilities needs to be able to go to school

. A better health centre

. “Churches, schools, youth centres”

. Support for the EVI’s remaining in Barlonyo

.Sensitization centers/programs

.Agriculture projects that increase productivity

. “Repair the roads”

.Income generations activities

.Graves were not cemented properly

.We need a fence to protect the memorials

.”A child cannot afford the cost of books.”

.Compensation for the killed should come from the government

.”NGOs and the government should supply these things.”

Today the people of Barlonyo are returning to their ancestral homes. They focus on cultivating their gardens, providing for their families, and educating their children.

Without fulfilling community need, like provision of hospitals and schools, the community will continue to face many challenges. “We want our children to know the impact of the massacre.”

“It is important to remember the past while also looking towards prospects for the future. The Barlonyo community needs to remember their past while having the opportunity top provide for the next generation of Barlonyo. The task before Barlonyo today is to thrive in the villages while giving respect to the loved ones they have lost. Many people explained the importance of memory to them as a way for the children to know their ancestors, as well as a lesson so that a tragedy like Barlonyo never happens again.

It is becoming so that they cannot remember really… We need to remember the massacre and to give it to our children so that they can remember our beloved ancestors.

It is with this spirit of remembrance alongside the need to move forward that characterizes Barlonyo and the aftermath of the massacre today.”

Survivors of the Lord’s Resistance Army insurgency in Lira District have appealed to the International Criminal Court (ICC) to hold part of the trials of former Joseph Kony's LRA commander Dominic Ongwen at Barlonyo site where the rebels reportedly massacred 300 people in 2004

Ten things that contribute to the atmosphere of this unique town: grachts, typical houses, omnipresent bikes and bike riders, boats, cheese shops, prostitutes in windows, places offering marihuana, flower markets, tolerance to sexual minorities... and Schiphol Airport.

IMMIGRANTS CONTRIBUTE: AMERICA, WE SING BACK! community event at the All Souls Unitarian Church at 1500 Harvard Street, NW, Washington DC on Saturday afternoon, 28 September 2013 by Elvert Barnes Photography

Opening Remarks

Gustavo Velasquez, Director, Office of Human Rights

Follow DC Office of Human Rights / IMMIGRANTS CONTRIBUTE: AMERICA, WE SING BACK! facebook event page at www.facebook.com/events/530488973690958/

Los Angeles Historic -Cultural Monument No. 174. From its National Historic Landmark designation:

"Reginald Johnson with Lewis Wilson, Edwin Merrill and Robert Alexander completed Baldwin Hills Village between 1935-1942 during the Roosevelt Administration. Clarence Stein, consulting architect, contributed to the planning and development of the site layout, which reflects an innovative and humanistic approach in community housing for the Automobile Age."

Big Orange Landmarks

The 1600E probably contributed more than any other into making me a Cortina fanatic. Although my overall favourite is the Mk III, the Mk II 1600E was the saloon to aspire to when I was a teenager. Although Mk II production ceased in 1970, the 1600E continued to be sought after for many years afterwards, and still is today.

This late model was at Blackpool on 27 June. The 1600E should have a pin stripe rather than Lotus style side stripe, and wouldn't have had those sports type stripes over the roof and boot. It is of course the owner's prerogative to apply such items.

The Mk III parked in front was customised.

Sgt. Melvin Lynn, of Devils Lake, N.D., shares contributes to the Aug. 3-5, 2012, resiliency training hosted by the North Dakota Army National Guard Aug. 3-5, 2012, at Camp Grafton Training Center, Devils Lake, N.D. The resiliency training focuses on bouncing back and helping others quickly recover from life setbacks in both military and civilian worlds. The key skills concentrated on include self awareness, self regulation, optimism, mental agility, strength of character and connection. (Photo by Spc. Kristin Proell Berg, North Dakota Army National Guard)

For more on the North Dakota National Guard, check us out online:

Website: www.ndguard.ngb.army.mil

Facebook: www.facebook.com/NDNationalGuard

YouTube: www.youtube.com/NDNationalGuard

Twitter: www.twitter.com/NDNationalGuard

Google+: gplus.to/NDNationalGuard

Puri is a city and a Municipality of Odisha. It is the district headquarters of Puri district, Odisha, eastern India. It is situated on the Bay of Bengal, 60 kilometres south of the state capital of Bhubaneswar. It is also known as Jagannath Puri after the 12th-century Jagannath Temple located in the city. It is one of the original Char Dham pilgrimage sites for Indian Hindus.

Puri was known by several names from the ancient times to the present, and locally called as Badadeula. Puri and the Jagannath Temple were invaded 18 times by Hindu and Muslim rulers, starting from the 4th century to the start of the 19th century with the objective of looting the treasures of the temple. Odisha, including Puri and its temple, were under the British Raj from 1803 till India attained independence in August 1947. Even though princely states do not exist in independent India, the heirs of the Gajapati Dynasty of Khurda still perform the ritual duties of the temple. The temple town has many Hindu religious maths or monasteries.

The economy of Puri town is dependent on the religious importance of the Jagannath Temple to the extent of nearly 80%. The festivals which contribute to the economy are the 24 held every year in the temple complex, including 13 major festivals; Ratha Yatra and its related festivals are the most important which are attended by millions of people every year. Sand art and applique art are some of the important crafts of the city. Puri is one of the 12 heritage cities chosen by the Government of India for holistic development.

GEOGRAPHY AND CLIMATE

GEOGRAPHY

Puri, located on the east coast of India on the Bay of Bengal, is in the center of the district of the same name. It is delimited by the Bay of Bengal on the south east, the Mauza Sipaurubilla on the west, Mauz Gopinathpur in the north and Mauza Balukhand in the east. It is within the 67 kilometres coastal stretch of sandy beaches that extends between Chilika Lake and the south of Puri city. However, the administrative jurisdiction of the Puri Municipality extends over an area of 16.3268 square kilometres spread over 30 wards, which includes a shore line of 5 kilometres.

Puri is in the coastal delta of the Mahanadi River on the shores of the Bay of Bengal. In the ancient days it was near to Sisupalgarh (Ashokan Tosali) when the land was drained by a tributary of the River Bhargavi, a branch of the Mahanadi River, which underwent a meandering course creating many arteries altering the estuary, and formed many sand hills. These sand hills could not be "cut through" by the streams. Because of the sand hills, the Bhargavi River flowing to the south of Puri, moved away towards the Chilika Lake. This shift also resulted in the creation of two lagoons known as Sar and Samang on the eastern and northern parts of Puri respectively. Sar lagoon has a length of 8.0 km in an east-west direction and has a width of 3.2 km in north-south direction. The river estuary has a shallow depth of 1.5 m only and the process of siltation is continuing. According to a 15th-century chronicle the stream that flowed at the base of the Blue Mountain or Neelachal was used as the foundation or high plinth of the present temple which was then known as Purushottama, the Supreme Being. A 16th century chronicle attributes filling up of the bed of the river which flowed through the present Grand Road, during the reign of King Narasimha II (1278–1308).

CLIMATE

According to the Köppen and Geiger the climate of Puri is classified Aw. The city has moderate and tropical climate. Humidity is fairly high throughout the year. The temperature during summer touches a maximum of 36 °C and during winter it is 17 °C. The average annual rainfall is 1,337 millimetres and the average annual temperature is 26.9 °C.

HISTORY

NAMES IN HISTORY

Puri, the holy land of Lord Jaganath, also known popularly as Badadeula in local usage, has many ancient names in the Hindu scriptures such as the Rigveda, Matsya purana, Brahma Purana, Narada Purana, Padma Purana, Skanda Purana, Kapila samhita and Niladrimahodaya. In the Rigveda, in particular, it is mentioned as a place called Purushamandama-grama meaning the place where the Creator deity of the world – Supreme Divinity deified on altar or mandapa was venerated near the coast and prayers offered with vedic hymns. Over time the name got changed to Purushottama Puri and further shortened to Puri and the Purusha became Jagannatha. Close to this place sages like Bhrigu, Atri and Markandeya had their hermitage. Its name is mentioned, conforming to the deity worshipped, as Srikshetra, Purusottama Dhāma, Purusottama Kshetra, Purusottama Puri and Jagannath Puri. Puri is however, a common usage now. It is also known the geographical features of its siting as Shankhakshetra (layout of the town is in the form of a conch shell.), Neelāchala ("blue mountain" a terminology used to name very large sand lagoon over which the temple was built but this name is not in vogue), Neelāchalakshetra, Neelādri, The word 'Puri' in Sanskrit means "town", or 'city' and is cognate with polis in Greek.

Another ancient name is Charita as identified by Cunningham which was later spelled as Che-li-ta-lo by Chinese traveller Hiuen Tsang.When the present temple was built by the Ganga king Chodangadev in the 11th and 12th centuries it was called Purushottamkshetra. However, the Moghuls, the Marathas and early British rulers called it Purushottama-chhatar or just Chhatar. In Akbar's Ain-i-Akbari and subsequent Muslim historical records it was known as Purushottama. In the Sanskrit drama authored by Murari Mishra in the 8th century it is referred as Purushottama only. It was only after twelfth century Puri came to be known by the shortened form of Jagannatha Puri, named after the deity or in a short form as Puri. In some records pertaining to the British rule, the word 'Jagannath' was used for Puri. It is the only shrine in India, where Radha, along with Lakshmi, Saraswati, Durga, Bhudevi, Sati, Parvati, and Shakti abodes with Krishna, also known as Jagannath.

ANCIENT PERIOD

According to the chronicle Madala Panji, in 318 the priests and servitors of the temple spirited away the idols to escape the wrath of the Rashtrakuta King Rakatavahu. The temple's ancient historical records also finds mention in the Brahma Purana and Skanda Purana as having been built by the king Indradyumna of Ujjayani.

According to W.J. Wilkinson, in Puri, Buddhism was once a well established practice but later Buddhists were persecuted and Brahmanism became the order of the religious practice in the town; the Buddha deity in now worshipped by the Hindus as Jagannatha. It is also said that some relics of Buddha were placed inside the idol of Jagannath which the Brahmins claimed were the bones of Krishna. Even during Ashoka’s reign in 240 BC Odisha was a Buddhist center and that a tribe known as Lohabahu (barbarians from outside Odisha) converted to Buddhism and built a temple with an idol of Buddha which is now worshipped as Jagannatha. It is also said that Lohabahu deposited some Buddha relics in the precincts of the temple.

Construction of the Jagannatha Temple started in 1136 and completed towards the later part of the 12th century. The King of the Ganga dynasty, Anangabhima dedicated his kingdom to the God, then known as the Purushottam-Jagannatha and resolved that from then on he and his descendants would rule under "divine order as Jagannatha's sons and vassals". Even though princely states do not exist in independent India, the heirs of the Gajapati dynasty of Khurda still perform the ritual duties of the temple; the king formally sweeps the road in front of the chariots before the start of the Rathayatra.

MEDIEVAL AND EARLY MODERN PERIODS

History of the temple is the history of the town of Puri, which was invaded 18 times during its history to plunder the treasures of the Jagannath Puri temple. The first invasion was in the 8th century by Rastrakuta king Govinda-III (AD 798–814) and the last was in 1881 by the followers of Alekh Religion who did not recognize Jagannath worship. In between, from the 1205 onward there were many invasions of the city and its temple by Muslims of the Afghans and Moghuls descent, known as Yavanas or foreigners; they had mounted attacks to ransack the wealth of the temple rather than for religious reasons. In most of these invasions the idols were taken to safe places by the priests and the servitors of the temple. Destruction of the temple was prevented by timely resistance or surrender by the kings of the region. However, the treasures of the temple were repeatedly looted. Puri is the site of the Govardhana matha, one of the four cardinal institutions established by Adi Shankaracharya, when he visited Puri in 810 and since then it has become an important dham (divine centre) for the Hindus; the others being those at Sringeri, Dwaraka and Jyotirmath. The matha is headed by Jagatguru Shankarachrya. The significance of the four dhams is that the Lord Vishnu takes his dinner at Puri, has his bath at Rameshwaram, spends the night at Dwarka and does penance at Badrinath.

Chaitanya Mahaprabhu of Bengal who established the Bhakti movements of India in the sixteenth century, now known by the name the Hare Krishna movement, spent many years as a devotee of Jagannatha at Puri; he is said to have merged his "corporal self" with the deity. There is also a matha of Chaitanya Mahaprabhu here.

In the 17th century for the sailors sailing on the east coast of India, the landmark was the temple located in a plaza in the centre of the town which they called the "White Pagoda" while the Konark Sun Temple, 60 kilometres away to the east of Puri, was known as the "Black Pagoda".

The iconographic representation of the images in the Jagannath temple are believed to be the forms derived from the worship made by the tribal groups of Sabaras belonging to northern Odisha. These images are replaced at regular intervals as the wood deteriorates. This replacement is a special event carried out ritulistically by special group of carpenters.

The town has many Mathas (Monasteries of the various Hindu sects). Among the important mathas is the Emar Matha founded by the Tamil Vaishnav Saint Ramanujacharya in the 12th century AD. At present this matha is located in front of Simhadvara across the eastern corner of the Jagannath Temple is reported to have been built in the 16th century during the reign of Suryavamsi Gajapati. The matha was in the news recently for the large cache of 522 silver slabs unearthded from a closed room.

The British conquered Orissa in 1803 and recognizing the importance of the Jagannatha Temple in the life of the people of the state they initially placed an official to look after the temple's affairs and later declared it a district with the same name.

MODERN HISTORY

In 1906, Sri Yukteswar an exponent of Kriya Yoga, a resident of Puri, established an ashram in the sea-side town of Puri, naming it "Kararashram" as a spiritual training center. He died on 9 March 1936 and his body is buried in the garden of the ashram.

The city is the site of the former summer residence of British Raj built in 1913–14 during the era of governors, the Raj Bhavan.

For the people of Puri Lord Jagannath, visualized as Lord Krishna, is synonymous with their city. They believe that the Jagannatha looks after the welfare of the state. However, after the incident of the partial collapse of the Jagannatha Temple, the Amalaka part of the tower on 14 June 1990 people became apprehensive and thought it was not a good omen for the welfare of the State of Odisha. The replacement of the fallen stone by another of the same size and weight (seven tons) had to be done only in the an early morning hours after the gods had woken up after a good nights sleep which was done on 28 February 1991.

Puri has been chosen as one of the heritage cities for the Heritage City Development and Augmentation Yojana scheme of the Indian Government. It is one of 12 the heritage cities chosen with "focus on holistic development" to be implemented in 27 months by end of March 2017.

Non-Hindus are not permitted to enter the shrines but are allowed to view the temple and the proceedings from the roof of the Raghunandan library within the precincts of the temple for a small donation.

DEMOGRAPHICS

As of 2001 India census, Puri city, an urban Agglomeration governed by Municipal Corporation in Orissa state, had a population of 157,610 which increased to 200,564 in 2011. Males, 104,086, females, 96,478, children under 6 years of age, 18,471. The sex ratio is 927 females to 1000 males. Puri has an average literacy rate of 88.03 percent (91.38 percent males and 84.43 percent females). Religion-wise data is not reported.

ECONOMY

The economy of Puri is dependent on tourism to the extent of about 80%. The temple is the focal point of the entire area of the town and provides major employment to the people of the town. Agricultural production of rice, ghee, vegetables and so forth of the region meets the huge requirements of the temple, with many settlements aroiund the town exclusively catering to the other religious paraphernalia of the temple. The temple administration employs 6,000 men to perform the rituals. The temple also provides economic sustenance to 20,000 people belonging to 36 orders and 97 classes. The kitchen of the temple which is said to be the largest in the world employs 400 cooks.

CITY MANAGEMENT AND GOVERNANCE

Puri Municipality, Puri Konark Development Authority, Public Health Engineering Organisastion, Orissa Water Supply Sewerage Board are some of the principal organizations that are devolved with the responsibility of providing for all the urban needs of civic amenities such as water supply, sewerage, waste management, street lighting, and infrastructure of roads. The major activity which puts maximum presuure on these organizations is the annual event of the Ratha Yatra held for 10 days during July when more than a million people attend the grand event. This event involves to a very large extent the development activities such as infrastructure and amenities to the pilgrims, apart from security to the pilgrims.

The civic administration of Puri is the responsibility of the Puri Municipality which came into existence in 1864 in the name of Puri Improvement Trust which got converted into Puri Municipality in 1881. After India's independence in 1947, Orissa Municipal Act-1950 was promulgated entrusting the administration of the city to the Puri Municipality. This body is represented by elected representative with a Chairperson and councilors representing the 30 wards within the municipal limits.

LANDMARKS

JAGANNATH TEMPLE AT PURI

The Temple of Jagannath at Puri is one of the major Hindu temples built in the Kalinga style of architecture, in respect of its plan, front view and structural detailing. It is one of the Pancharatha (Five chariots) type consisting of two anurathas, two konakas and one ratha with well-developed pagas. Vimana or Deula is the sanctum sanctorum where the triad (three) deities are deified on the ratnavedi (Throne of Pearls), and over which is the temple tower, known as the rekha deula; the latter is built over a rectangular base of the pidha temples as its roof is made up of pidhas that are sequentially arranged horizontal platforms built in descending order forming a pyramidal shape. The mandapa in front of the sanctum sanctorum is known as Jagamohana where devotees assemble to offer worship. The temple tower with a spire rises to a height of 58 m in height and a flag is unfurled above it fixed over a wheel (chakra). Within the temple complex is the Nata Mandir, a large hall where Garuda stamba (pillar). Chaitanya Mahaprabhu used to stand here and pray. In the interior of the Bhoga Mantap, adjoining the Nata mandir, there is profusion of decorations of sculptures and paintings which narrate the story of Lord Krishna. The temple is built on an elevated platform (of about 39,000 m2 area), 20 ft above the adjoining area. The temple rises to a height of 214 ft above the road level. The temple complex covers an area of 4,3 ha. There is double walled enclosure, rectangular in shape (rising to a height of 20 ft) surrounding the temple complex of which the outer wall is known as Meghanada Prachira, measuring 200 by 192 metres. The inner walled enclosure, known as Kurmabedha. measures 126m x 95m. There are four entry gates (in four cardinal directions to the temple located at the center of the walls in the four directions of the outer circle. These are: the eastern gate called Singhadwara (Lions Gate), the southern gate known as Ashwa Dwara (Horse Gate), the western gate called the Vyaghra Dwara (Tigers Gate) or the Khanja Gate, and the northern gate called the Hathi Dwara or (elephant gate). The four gates symbolize the four fundamental principles of Dharma (right conduct), Jnana (knowledge), Vairagya (renunciation) and Aishwarya (prosperity). The gates are crowned with pyramid shapes structures. There is stone pillar in front of the Singhadwara called the Aruna Stambha {Solar Pillar}, 11 metres in height with 16 faces, made of chlorite stone, at the top of which is mounted an elegant statue of Arun (Sun) in a prayer mode. This pillar was shifted from the Konarak Sun temple. All the gates are decorated with guardian statues in the form of lion, horse mounted men, tigers and elephants in the name and order of the gates. A pillar made of fossilized wood is used for placing lamps as offering. The Lion Gate (Singhadwara) is the main gate to the temple, which guarded by two guardian deities Jaya and Vijaya. The main gates is ascended through 22 steps known as Baisi Pahaca which are revered as it is said to possess "spiritual animation". Children are made to roll down these steps from top to bottom to bring them spiritual happiness. After entering the temple on the left hand side there is huge kitchen where food is prepared in hygienic conditions in huge quantities that it is termed as "the biggest hotel of the world".

The legend says that King Indradyumma was directed by Lord Jagannath in a dream to build a temple for him and he built it as directed. However, according to historical records the temple was started some time during the 12th century by King Chodaganga of the Eastern Ganga dynasty. It was however completed by his descendant, Anangabhima Deva, in the 12th century. The wooden images of Jagannath, Balabhadra and Subhadra were then deified here. The temple was under the control of the Hindu rulers up to 1558. Then, when Orissa was occupied by the Afghan Nawab of Bengal, it was brought under the control of the Afghan General Kalapahad. Following the defeat of the Afghan king by Raja Mansingh, the General of Mughal emperor Akbar, the temple became a part of the Mughal empire till 1751 AD. Subsequently it was under the control of the Marathas till 1803. Then, when British Raj took over Orissa, the Puri Raja was entrusted with its to management until 1947.

The triad of images in the temple are of Jagannatha, personifying Lord Krishna, Balabhadra, his older brother, and Subhadra his younger sister, which are made of wood (neem) in an unfinished form. The stumps of wood which form the images of the brothers have human arms and that of Subhadra does not have any arms. The heads are large and un-carved and are painted. The faces are made distinct with the large circular shaped eyes.

THE PANCHA TIRTHA OF PURI

Hindus consider it essential to bathe in the Pancha Tirtha or the five sacred bathing spots of Puri, India, to complete a pilgrimage to Puri. The five sacred water bodies are the Indradyumana Tank, the Rohini Kunda, the Markandeya Tank, Swetaganga Tank, and the The Sea also called the Mahodadhi is considered a sacred bathing spot in the Swargadwar area. These tanks have perennial sources of supply in the form of rain water and ground water.

GUNDICHA TEMPLE

Known as the Garden House of Jagannath, the Gundicha temple stands in the centre of a beautiful garden, surrounded by compound walls on all sides. It lies at a distance of about 3 kilometres to the north east of the Jagannath Temple. The two temples are located at the two ends of the Bada Danda (Grand Avenue) which is the pathway for the Rath Yatra. According to a legend, Gundicha was the wife of King Indradyumna who originally built the Jagannath temple.

The temple is built using light-grey sandstone and architecturally, it exemplifies typical Kalinga temple architecture in the Deula style. The complex comprises four components: vimana (tower structure containing the sanctum), jagamohana (assembly hall), nata-mandapa (festival hall) and bhoga-mandapa (hall of offerings). There is also a kitchen connected by a small passage. The temple is set within a garden, and is known as "God's Summer Garden Retreat" or garden house of Jagannath. The entire complex, including garden, is surrounded by a wall which measures 131 m × 98 m with height of 6.1 m.

Except for the 9-day Rath Yatra when triad images are worshipped in Gundicha Temple, the rest of the year it remains unoccupied. Tourists can visit the temple after paying an entry fee. Foreigners (prohibited entry in the main temple) are allowed inside this temple during this period. The temple is under the Jagannath Temple Administration, Puri – the governing body of the main temple. A small band of servitors maintain the temple.

SWARGADWAR

Swargadwar is the name given to the cremation ground or burning ghat which is located on the shores of the sea were thousands of dead bodies of Hindus are brought from faraway places to cremate. It is a belief that the Chitanya Mahaparabhu disppaeread from this Swargadwar about 500 years back.

BEACH

The beach at Puri known as the "Ballighai beach} is 8 km away at the mouth of Nunai River from the town and is fringed by casurian trees. It has golden yellow sand and has pleasant sunshine. Sunrise and sunset are pleasant scenic attractions here. Waves break in at the beach which is long and wide.

DISTRICT MUSEUM

The Puri district museum is located on the station road where the exhibits are of different types of garments worn by Lord Jagannath, local sculptures, patachitra (traditional, cloth-based scroll painting) and ancient Palm-leaf manuscripts and local craft work.

RAGHUNANDANA LIBRARY

Raghunandana Library is located in the Emmra matha complex (opposite Simhadwara or Lion gate, the main entrance gate). The Jagannatha Aitihasika Gavesana Samiti (Jagannatha Historical Center) is also located here. The library contains ancient palm leaf manuscripts of Jagannatha, His cult and the history of the city. From the roof of the library one gets a picturesque view of the temple complex.

FESTIVALS OF PURI

Puri witnesses 24 festivals every year, of which 13 are major festivals. The most important of these is the Rath Yatra or the Car festival held in the month June–July which is attended by more than 1 million people.

RATH YATRA AT PURI

The Jagannath triad are usually worshiped in the sanctum of the temple at Puri, but once during the month of Asadha (Rainy Season of Orissa, usually falling in month of June or July), they are brought out onto the Bada Danda (main street of Puri) and travel 3 kilometrer to the Shri Gundicha Temple, in huge chariots (ratha), allowing the public to have darśana (Holy view). This festival is known as Rath Yatra, meaning the journey (yatra) of the chariots (ratha). The yatra starts, according to Hindu calendar Asadha Sukla Dwitiya )the second day of bright fortnight of Asadha (June–July) every year.

Historically, the ruling Ganga dynasty instituted the Rath Yatra at the completion of the great temple around 1150 AD. This festival was one of those Hindu festivals that was reported to the Western world very early. In his own account of 1321, Odoric reported how the people put the "idols" on chariots, and the King and Queen and all the people drew them from the "church" with song and music.

The Rathas are huge wheeled wooden structures, which are built anew every year and are pulled by the devotees. The chariot for Jagannath is about 14 m high and 35 feet square and takes about 2 months to construct. Th chariot is mounted with 16 wheels, each of 2.1 m diameter. The carvings in the front of the chariot has four wooden horses drawn by Maruti. On its other three faces the wooden carvings are Rama, Surya and Vishnu. The chariot is known as Nandi Ghosha. The roof of the chariot is covered with yellow and golden coloured cloth. The next chariot is that of Balabhadra which is 13 m in height fitted with 14 wheels. The chariot is carved with Satyaki as the charioteer. The carvings on this chariot also include images of Narasimha and Rudra as Jagannath's companions. The next chariot in the order is that of Subhadra, which is 13 m in height supported on 12 wheels, roof covered in black and red colour cloth and the chariot is known as Darpa-Dalaan. The charioteer carved is Arjuna. Other images carved on the chariot are that of Vana Durga, Tara Devi and Chandi Devi. The artists and painters of Puri decorate the cars and paint flower petals and other designs on the wheels, the wood-carved charioteer and horses, and the inverted lotuses on the wall behind the throne. The huge chariots of Jagannath pulled during Rath Yatra is the etymological origin of the English word Juggernaut. The Ratha-Yatra is also termed as the Shri Gundicha yatra and Ghosha yatra

CHHERA PAHARA

The Chhera Pahara is a significant ritual associated with the Ratha-Yatra. During the festival, the Gajapati King wears the outfit of a sweeper and sweeps all around the deities and chariots in the Chera Pahara (sweeping with water) ritual. The Gajapati King cleanses the road before the chariots with a gold-handled broom and sprinkles sandalwood water and powder with utmost devotion. As per the custom, although the Gajapati King has been considered the most exalted person in the Kalingan kingdom, he still renders the menial service to Jagannath. This ritual signified that under the lordship of Jagannath, there is no distinction between the powerful sovereign Gajapati King and the most humble devotee.

CHADAN YATRA

In Akshaya Tritiya every year the Chandan Yatra festival marks the commencement of the construction of the Chariots of the Rath Yatra. It also marks the celebration of the Hindu new year.

SNANA YATRA

On the Purnima day in the month of Jyestha (June) the triad images of the Jagannath temple are ceremonially bathed and decorated every year on the occasion of Snana Yatra. Water for the bath is taken in 108 pots from the Suna kuan (meaning: "golden well") located near the northern gate of the temple. Water is drawn from this well only once in a year for the sole purpose of this religious bath of the deities. After the bath the triad images are dressed in the fashion of the elephant god, Ganesha. Later during the night the original triad images are taken out in a procession back to the main temple but kept at a place known as Anasara pindi. After this the Jhulana Yatra is when proxy images of the deities are taken out in a grand procession for 21 days, cruised over boats in the Narmada tank.

ANAVASARA OR ANASARA

Anasara literally means vacation. Every year, the triad images without the Sudarshan after the holy Snana Yatra are taken to a secret altar named Anavasara Ghar Palso known as "Anasara pindi} where they remain for the next dark fortnight (Krishna paksha). Hence devotees are not allowed to view them. Instead of this devotees go to nearby place Brahmagiri to see their beloved lord in the form of four handed form Alarnath a form of Vishnu. Then people get the first glimpse of lord on the day before Rath Yatra, which is called Navayouvana. It is said that the gods suffer from fever after taking ritual detailed bath and they are treated by the special servants named, Daitapatis for 15 days. Daitapatis perform special niti (rite) known as Netrotchhaba (a rite of painting the eyes of the triad). During this period cooked food is not offered to the deities.

NAVA KALEVARA

One of the most grandiloquent events associated with the Lord Jagannath, Naba Kalabera takes place when one lunar month of Ashadha is followed by another lunar month of Aashadha, called Adhika Masa (extra month). This can take place in 8, 12 or even 18 years. Literally meaning the "New Body" (Nava = New, Kalevar = Body), the festival is witnessed by as millions of people and the budget for this event exceeds $500,000. The event involves installation of new images in the temple and burial of the old ones in the temple premises at Koili Vaikuntha. The idols that were worshipped in the temple, installed in the year 1996, were replaced by specially made new images made of neem wood during Nabakalebara 2015 ceremony held during July 2015. More than 3 million devotees were expected to visit the temple during the Nabakalebara 2015 held in July.

SUNA BESHA

Suna Bhesha also known as Raja or Rajadhiraja bhesha or Raja Bhesha, is an event when the triad images of the Jagannath Temple are adorned with gold jewelry. This event is observed 5 times during a year. It is commonly observed on Magha Purnima (January), Bahuda Ekadashi also known as Asadha Ekadashi (July), Dashahara (Vijyadashami) (October), Karthik Purnima (November), and Pousa Purnima (December). While one such Suna Bhesha event is observed on Bahuda Ekadashi during the Rath Yatra on the chariots placed at the lion's gate or the Singhdwar; the other four Bheshas' are observed inside the temple on the Ratna Singhasana (gem studded altar). On this occasion gold plates are decorated over the hands and feet of Jagannath and Balabhadra; Jagannath is also adorned with a Chakra (disc) made of gold on the right hand while a silver conch adorns the left hand. However, Balabhadra is decorated with a plough made of gold on the left hand while a golden mace adorns his right hand.

NILADRI BIJE

Celebrated on Asadha Trayodashi. It marks the end of the 12 days Ratha yatra. The large wooden images of the triad of gods are moved from the chariots and then carried to the sanctum sanctorum, swaying rhythmically, a ritual which is known as pahandi.

SAHI YATRA

Considered the world's biggest open-air theatre, the Sahi yatra is an 11 day long traditional cultural theatre festival or folk drama which begins on Ram Navami and ending in Rama avishke (Sanskrit:anointing) every year. The festival includes plays depicting various scenes from the Ramayan. The residents of various localities or Sahis are entrusted the task of performing the drama at the street corners.

TRANSPORT

Earlier when roads did not exist people walked or travelled by animal drawn vehicles or carriages along beaten tracks. Up to Calcutta travel was by riverine craft along the Ganges and then by foot or carriages to Puri. It was only during the Maratha rule that the popular Jagannath Sadak (Road) was built around 1790. The East India Company laid the rail track from Calcutta to Puri which became operational in 1898. Puri is now well connected by rail, road and air services. A broad gauge railway line of the South Eastern Railways connects with Puri and Khurda is an important Railway junction. By rail it is about 499 kilometres away from Calcutta and 468 kilometres from Vishakhapatnam. Road network includes NH 203 that links the town with Bhubaneswar, the capital of Odisha which is about 60 kilometres away. NH 203 B connects the town with Satapada via Brahmagiri. Marine drive which is part of NH 203 A connects Puri with Konark. The nearest airport is at Bhubaneswar, about 60 kilometres away from Puri. Puri railway station is among the top hundred booking stations of Indian Railways.

ARTS AND CRAFTS

SAND ART

Sand art is a special art form that is created on the beaches of the sea coast of Puri. The art form is attributed to Balaram Das, a poet who lived in the 14th century. He started crafting the sand art forms of the triad deities of the Jagannath Temple at the Puri beach. Now sculptures in sand of various gods and famous people are created by amateur artists which are temporal in nature as they get washed away by waves. This is an art form which has gained international fame in recent years. One of the well known sand artist is Sudarshan Patnaik. He has established the Golden Sand Art Institute in 1995 at the beach to provide training to students interested in this art form.

APPLIQUE ART

Applique art work, which is a stitching based craft, unlike embroidery, which was pioneered by the Hatta Maharana of Pipili is widely used in Puri, both for decoration of the deities but also for sale. His family members are employed as darjis or tailors or sebaks by the Maharaja of Puri who prepare articles for decorating the deities in the temple for various festivals and religious ceremonies. These applique works are brightly coloured and patterned fabric in the form of canopies, umbrellas, drapery, carry bags, flags, coberings of dummy horses and cows, and other household textiles which are marketed in Puri. The cloth used are in dark colours of red, black, yellow, green, blue and turquoise blue.

CULTURE

Cultural activities, apart from religiuos festivals, held annually are: The Puri Beach Festival held between 5 and 9 November and the Shreeksherta Utsav held from 20 December to 2 January where cultural programmes include unique sand art, display of local and traditional handicrafts and food festival. In addition cultural programmes are held every Saturday for two hours on in second Saturday of the moth at the district Collector's Conference Hall near Sea Beach Polic Station. Apart from Odissi dance, Odiya music, folk dances, and cultural programmes are part of this event. Odishi dance is the cultural heritage of Puri. This dance form originated in Puri in the dances performed Devadasis (Maharis) attached to the Jagannath temple who performed dances in the Natamantapa of the temple to please the deities. Though the devadadsi practice has been discontinued, the dance form has become modern and classical and is widely popular, and many of the Odishi virtuoso artists and gurus (teachers) are from Puri.

EDUCATION

SOME OF THE EDUCATIONNAL INSTITUTIONS IN PURI

- Ghanashyama Hemalata Institute of Technology and Management

- Gangadhar Mohapatra Law College, established in 1981[84]

- Extension Unit of Regional Research Institute of Homoeopathy; Puri under Central Council for Research in Homoeopathy (CCRH), New Delhi established in March 2006

- Sri Jagannath Sanskrit Vishwavidyalaya, established in July 1981

- The Industrial Training Institute, a Premier Technical Institution to provide education in skilled, committed & talented technicians, established in 1966 of the Government of India

PURI PEOPLE

Gopabandhu Das

Acharya Harihar

Nilakantha Das

Kelucharan Mohapatra

Pankaj Charan Das

Manasi Pradhan

Raghunath Mohapatra

Sudarshan Patnaik

Biswanath Sahinayak

Rituraj Mohanty

WIKIPEDIA

This is a photograph from the third annual running of the Fr. Murphy Athletic Club 10KM Road Race and Fun Run which was held in Kildalkey, Trim, Co. Meath, Ireland on Easter Sunday April 16th 2017 at 11:30. This road race also features the Meath 10KM Road Race Championships which is open to entry from any athlete who is a full member of a Meath AAI club. The race starts and finishes in the village of Kildalkey and follows a right handed rural route out towards Rathcormick, Ballivor and Moyrath before returning on the same 2KM as the start which runners will easily remember as a long straight stretch of road. The route brings the runners through beautiful Meath Countryside on low-traffic country roads.

The conditions were reasonably good for road running. The first few kilometers seen runners tackle a very stiff breeze and cool dry conditions. However at around 6KM where the race turns back towards Kildalkey the breeze became a more favourable tail wind. While we say that this is the 3rd annual running of this race it is actually the 10KM version of the traditional annual 5 Mile road race which was promoted by the Fr. Murphy athletic club in the past. Traditionally this five mile races held in Athboy on St. Patrick's Day, then Ballivor before a move to Kildalkey on Easter Sundays. There was approximately 260 participants in the race with a very large support from athletics clubs in Meath.

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The explaination is very simple.

Attribution- anyone using our photographs gives us an appropriate credit for it. This ensures that people aren't taking our photographs and passing them off as their own. This usually just mean putting a link to our photographs somewhere on your website, blog, or Facebook where other people can see it.

ShareAlike – anyone can use these photographs, and make changes if they like, or incorporate them into a bigger project, but they must make those changes available back to the community under the same terms.

Above all what Creative Commons aims to do is to encourage creative sharing. See some examples of Creative Commons photographs on Flickr: www.flickr.com/creativecommons/

I ran in the race - but my photograph doesn't appear here in your Flickr set! What gives?

As mentioned above we take these photographs as a hobby and as a voluntary contribution to the running community in Ireland. Very often we have actually ran in the same race and then switched to photographer mode after we finished the race. Consequently, we feel that we have no obligations to capture a photograph of every participant in the race. However, we do try our very best to capture as many participants as possible. But this is sometimes not possible for a variety of reasons:

     ►You were hidden behind another participant as you passed our camera

     ►Weather or lighting conditions meant that we had some photographs with blurry content which we did not upload to our Flickr set

     ►There were too many people - some races attract thousands of participants and as amateur photographs we cannot hope to capture photographs of everyone

     ►We simply missed you - sorry about that - we did our best!

You can email us petermooney78 AT gmail DOT com to enquire if we have a photograph of you which didn't make the final Flickr selection for the race. But we cannot promise that there will be photograph there. As alternatives we advise you to contact the race organisers to enquire if there were (1) other photographs taking photographs at the race event or if (2) there were professional commercial sports photographers taking photographs which might have some photographs of you available for purchase. You might find some links for further information above.

Don't like your photograph here?

That's OK! We understand!

If, for any reason, you are not happy or comfortable with your picture appearing here in this photoset on Flickr then please email us at petermooney78 AT gmail DOT com and we will remove it as soon as possible. We give careful consideration to each photograph before uploading.

I want to tell people about these great photographs!

Great! Thank you! The best link to spread the word around is probably http://www.flickr.com/peterm7/sets

Contributed by Norb Jr.

An African Oradour...

Barlonyo (also Bar Lonyo, meaning "field of wealth" in Luo) is a village in northern Uganda near Lira town. Here follows the text of the remembrance book for the massacre of 2014, made by residents themselves.

The survivors perform regularly an re-enactment of what happened in their village. The pictures were made in November 2016, at the same time while the International Criminal Court (ICC) was starting the trials of the main suspect of the massacre, former LRA commander Dominic Ongwen.

THIS MEMORY BOOK IS BASED ON DOCUMENTATIONS OF THE MASSACRE CONDUCTED BY THE JUSTICE AND RECONCILIATION PROJECT (JRP), IN ADDITION TO FOCUS GROUP DISCUSSIONS HELD BY COLLABORATIVE TRANSITIONS AFRICA (CTA).

CTA CONTRIBUTES TO BUILDING LASTING PEACE AFTER VIOLENT CONFLICT IN AFRICA BY AIDING INNOVATIVE, LOCAL, INITIATIVES AND IDEAS OF SURVIVORS TO HELP THEIR OWN COMMUNITIES COPE AND RECOVER.

FOR ANY THOUGHTS OR COMMENTS, PLEASE SEE CTA WEBSITE WWW.CTAFRICA.ORG

Barlonyo martyr village

Before the War

Since 1986, a civil war has taken place between the Government of Uganda and the Lord’s Resistance Army (LRA). Before the war the Langi people of Lira district and the people of Barlonyo made a living by farming and taking care of the livestock.

Barlonyo means “place of wealth”; a piece of land where people can be wealthy with hard work. Previously, life around Barlonyo was characterized by hunting, fishing, traditional dances and storytelling, and the cultivation of crops, small businesses and cattle rearing,

The civil war lead to the creation of displacement camps in Lira and disrupted their way of life.

After a government offensive called “Operation Iron Fist” in late 2002, Lira district became even more insecure. The LRA began attacking civilians in Lira district and as a result, nearby civilians in Lira voluntarily created Barlonyo camp between September and November 2002. Barlonyo is 26 km north of Lira town and sits next to the River Moroto.

In the afternoon of 21 February 2004, over 300 people were murdered in less than three hours and thousands were displaced to neighbouring camps.

This book is to remember and honour the lives of those who were killed and affected by the massacre. It is also meant to recognize how Barlonyo has moved forward after the massacre, and to memorialize their story so the next generation in Barlonyo does not allow such an atrocity to happen again.

Timeline of massacre events:

Times are approximated based on eye-witness testimony

5:00 pm

300 LRA gather in the fields outside of Barlonyo to receive attack instructions from Okot Odhiambo. According to one soldier who participated in the raid, Odhiambo told the LRA soldiers: “I have received order from the high command of the LRA. You are to kill every living Thing. Kill the old people, kill the adults, kill the government soldiers, and abduct all the young children and boys.”

Several civilians spot the rebels and try to alert the camp. The LRA becomes suspicious of the civilians who had run Back to the camp and they started to shoot in their direction. The rebels fired an RPG (Rocket-Propelled Grenade) toward the detach. At this time one person is shot.

5:30 pm

The LRA, headed by 7 fighters, splits into 3 groups. One group attacks the militia detach and sets it on fire. 28 soldiers and some of the family members were in the barracks and all were killed in the attack. The groupe attacking the detach then continues on the main camp.

The camp residents did not realize that the detach was being attacked and were doing activities such as bathing, cooking, drinking and playing cards when the LRA arrived. The other two groups surrounded the main camp and begin massacring civilians and abducting others. There were over 300 LRA rebels with 100 guns, a bomb, two J2s, Ak-47 and clubs and sticks. A small gap of fighters on the western side of the camp allows some civilians, Amuka and LDU to escape. Some hide in the bushes and others run to Ogur.

7:30 pm

After the massacre was over Odhiambo blew his whistle, gathered the rebels under a tree, and tied all of the new abductees to the tree. At least 24 people were kidnapped and taken to carry looted goods or serve in the rank and file of the LRA. They marched their captives, most laden with heavy food stuffs and luggage to the river Moroto (3 km away).

8:30 pm

Several people struggled to cross the deep river and were punished for their caution. One woman spilled millet as she stumbled, and was promptly chopped to death with a panga. Twenty people were killed by the LRA at the River Moroto by smashing their heads and stabbing them with bayonets. The group carries on into Okwang.

By the end of the massacre over 300 residents of Barlonyo were shot, mutilated with pangas, beaten to death with sticks or pierced with bayonets. Many others were burned to death after following instructions to enter their homes. Those who tried to escape were killed. No one was spared and after only three hours, the LRA retreated from the camp.

Remembering the dead:

There is a cement mass grave and memorial statue commemorating the massacre of Barlonyo camp. As seen above, the official government record claims that only 121 were massacred at Barlonyo even though the death toll was over 300 people according to community members and the camp commanders list. The actual number can never be known, as many lost were young children or left no one to account for them.

Every year a prayer ceremony takes place on 21 February to remember the massacre. Representatives from the government attend and the entire community comes together to pray for the massacre victims: “The prayer ceremonies are good because people from other places come together. It makes them know people love them, council them, it makes them normal.”

Some survivors hold on to some of the possessions of los friends and family members as a way of remembering them. For those who did not have their hut burned down, objects such as ID cards, cooking pots, and clothing are a way to remember their lost loved ones.

A group of Barlonyo community members performs dramatic performances about the massacre to both visitors and the people of Barlonyo. The performances are done by a local youth group as a way of bringing people together and coping with the massacre. “It makes them remember what happened here. It helps them with their trauma… It’s not just for the sake of playing but bringing people together.”

As the Barlonyo community moves on after the massacre, men and women are worried about poverty, hunger and sickness in their daily lives. One Barlonyo resident said: “We ne3ed institutions at Barlonyo to remember. Hospitals, security, education, better memorials.”

Not only can institutions serve as a memorial to the massacre, but they can help the Barlonyo community recover from their experiences and flourish in the aftermath of the civil war. The needs described on the next page were based on a series of conversations with the people of Barlonyo.

. Boreholes – we need more water, the stream is dirty

.Children with disabilities needs to be able to go to school

. A better health centre

. “Churches, schools, youth centres”

. Support for the EVI’s remaining in Barlonyo

.Sensitization centers/programs

.Agriculture projects that increase productivity

. “Repair the roads”

.Income generations activities

.Graves were not cemented properly

.We need a fence to protect the memorials

.”A child cannot afford the cost of books.”

.Compensation for the killed should come from the government

.”NGOs and the government should supply these things.”

Today the people of Barlonyo are returning to their ancestral homes. They focus on cultivating their gardens, providing for their families, and educating their children.

Without fulfilling community need, like provision of hospitals and schools, the community will continue to face many challenges. “We want our children to know the impact of the massacre.”

“It is important to remember the past while also looking towards prospects for the future. The Barlonyo community needs to remember their past while having the opportunity top provide for the next generation of Barlonyo. The task before Barlonyo today is to thrive in the villages while giving respect to the loved ones they have lost. Many people explained the importance of memory to them as a way for the children to know their ancestors, as well as a lesson so that a tragedy like Barlonyo never happens again.

It is becoming so that they cannot remember really… We need to remember the massacre and to give it to our children so that they can remember our beloved ancestors.

It is with this spirit of remembrance alongside the need to move forward that characterizes Barlonyo and the aftermath of the massacre today.”

Survivors of the Lord’s Resistance Army insurgency in Lira District have appealed to the International Criminal Court (ICC) to hold part of the trials of former Joseph Kony's LRA commander Dominic Ongwen at Barlonyo site where the rebels reportedly massacred 300 people in 2004

General View of the Meeting of the North Atlantic Council with non-ISAF Contributing Nations

The cover of the October issue of the "New" magazine called Treasures, Antique to Modern Collecting. I contributed to the article on Haeger Pottery written by my friend Donald-Brian Johnson. The magazine is published by Pioneer Communication, Inc and if anybody is interested in obtaining a copy or subscribing please call 800-352-8039 ext 10. I had a great time gathering much of the information that Donald used for the story and my partner Ben worked and took many of the photos. All but two of the pieces are from my collection. I was happy to see that we got the cover of the magazine. My friends if your interested get a copy of at least this issue and check it out or even better subscribe :-)

This is a photograph from the annual Ardagh Moydow Glen Community Games 5KM and 10 Mile road races, fun runs, walks and challenges which were held in the heritage village of Ardagh, Co. Longford, Ireland on Tuesday 27th December 2016 at 13:00. This year's race featured some changes from previous years: the introduction of chip timing, a new start and finish in the middle of the village at the community center and, a slightly amended route.

We have an extensive set of photographs from the race start, the beginning of the hill climb and the finish on our Flickr photostream set at www.flickr.com/photos/peterm7/albums/72157678237005786

The 10 mile race takes in the local 'Ardagh Mountain' which is a 1 mile continuous climb starting at the 2.5 mile mark of the 10 mile race. The 5KM race takes a loop around the heritage village of Ardagh. Overall this is a very well organised race with accurate courses, good marshalling and traffic control and excellent after race refreshments. The 10 mile race is one of the longest road races held during the Christmas period anywhere in Ireland and has appeal to runners who want to add a longer distance race to their festive calendar of running.

The weather at this year's race was much more suitable to road racing. In 2014 there was very frosty icy weather and last year in 2015 participants were given a very very windy day with heavy rain at the finish of both races.

Ardagh is probably County Longford's most picturesque village with many historical and architecturally important features. It is located about 6 miles from Longford town.

Our Photographs from Ardagh 10 Mile 2015: www.flickr.com/photos/peterm7/sets/72157662725299342

Our Photographs from Ardagh 10 Mile 2014: www.flickr.com/photos/peterm7/albums/72157649570517620

USING OUR PHOTOGRAPHS - A QUICK GUIDE AND ANSWERS TO YOUR QUESTIONS

Can I use these photographs directly from Flickr on my social media account(s)?

Yes - of course you can! Flickr provides several ways to share this and other photographs in this Flickr set. You can share directly to: email, Facebook, Pinterest, Twitter, Tumblr, LiveJournal, and Wordpress and Blogger blog sites. Your mobile, tablet, or desktop device will also offer you several different options for sharing this photo page on your social media outlets.

BUT..... Wait there a minute....

We take these photographs as a hobby and as a contribution to the running community in Ireland. We do not charge for our photographs. Our only "cost" is that we request that if you are using these images: (1) on social media sites such as Facebook, Tumblr, Pinterest, Instagram, Snapchat, Twitter,LinkedIn, Google+, VK.com, Vine, Meetup, Tagged, Ask.fm,etc or (2) other websites, blogs, web multimedia, commercial/promotional material that you must provide a link back to our Flickr page to attribute us or acknowledge us as the original photographers.

This also extends to the use of these images for Facebook profile pictures. In these cases please make a separate wall or blog post with a link to our Flickr page. If you do not know how this should be done for Facebook or other social media please email us and we will be happy to help suggest how to link to us.

I want to download these pictures to my computer or device?

You can download this photographic image here directly to your computer or device. This version is the low resolution web-quality image. How to download will vary slight from device to device and from browser to browser. Have a look for a down-arrow symbol or the link to 'View/Download' all sizes. When you click on either of these you will be presented with the option to download the image. Remember just doing a right-click and "save target as" will not work on Flickr.

I want get full resolution, print-quality, copies of these photographs?

If you just need these photographs for online usage then they can be used directly once you respect their Creative Commons license and provide a link back to our Flickr set if you use them. For offline usage and printing all of the photographs posted here on this Flickr set are available free, at no cost, at full image resolution.

Please email petermooney78 AT gmail DOT com with the links to the photographs you would like to obtain a full resolution copy of. We also ask race organisers, media, etc to ask for permission before use of our images for flyers, posters, etc. We reserve the right to refuse a request.

In summary please remember when requesting photographs from us - If you are using the photographs online all we ask is for you to provide a link back to our Flickr set or Flickr pages. You will find the link above clearly outlined in the description text which accompanies this photograph. Taking these photographs and preparing them for online posting takes a significant effort and time. We are not posting photographs to Flickr for commercial reasons. If you really like what we do please spread the link around your social media, send us an email, leave a comment beside the photographs, send us a Flickr email, etc. If you are using the photographs in newspapers or magazines we ask that you mention where the original photograph came from.

I would like to contribute something for your photograph(s)?

Many people offer payment for our photographs. As stated above we do not charge for these photographs. We take these photographs as our contribution to the running community in Ireland. If you feel that the photograph(s) you request are good enough that you would consider paying for their purchase from other photographic providers or in other circumstances we would suggest that you can provide a donation to any of the great charities in Ireland who do work for Cancer Care or Cancer Research in Ireland.

Let's get a bit technical: We use Creative Commons Licensing for these photographs

We use the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License for all our photographs here in this photograph set. What does this mean in reality?

The explaination is very simple.

Attribution- anyone using our photographs gives us an appropriate credit for it. This ensures that people aren't taking our photographs and passing them off as their own. This usually just mean putting a link to our photographs somewhere on your website, blog, or Facebook where other people can see it.

ShareAlike – anyone can use these photographs, and make changes if they like, or incorporate them into a bigger project, but they must make those changes available back to the community under the same terms.

Above all what Creative Commons aims to do is to encourage creative sharing. See some examples of Creative Commons photographs on Flickr: www.flickr.com/creativecommons/

I ran in the race - but my photograph doesn't appear here in your Flickr set! What gives?

As mentioned above we take these photographs as a hobby and as a voluntary contribution to the running community in Ireland. Very often we have actually ran in the same race and then switched to photographer mode after we finished the race. Consequently, we feel that we have no obligations to capture a photograph of every participant in the race. However, we do try our very best to capture as many participants as possible. But this is sometimes not possible for a variety of reasons:

     ►You were hidden behind another participant as you passed our camera

     ►Weather or lighting conditions meant that we had some photographs with blurry content which we did not upload to our Flickr set

     ►There were too many people - some races attract thousands of participants and as amateur photographs we cannot hope to capture photographs of everyone

     ►We simply missed you - sorry about that - we did our best!

You can email us petermooney78 AT gmail DOT com to enquire if we have a photograph of you which didn't make the final Flickr selection for the race. But we cannot promise that there will be photograph there. As alternatives we advise you to contact the race organisers to enquire if there were (1) other photographs taking photographs at the race event or if (2) there were professional commercial sports photographers taking photographs which might have some photographs of you available for purchase. You might find some links for further information above.

Don't like your photograph here?

That's OK! We understand!

If, for any reason, you are not happy or comfortable with your picture appearing here in this photoset on Flickr then please email us at petermooney78 AT gmail DOT com and we will remove it as soon as possible. We give careful consideration to each photograph before uploading.

I want to tell people about these great photographs!

Great! Thank you! The best link to spread the word around is probably http://www.flickr.com/peterm7/sets

Contributed by John Peterson (John Christer Photography)

More than 400 deployed service members, DoD civillians and contractors pay tribute to the 10th anniversary of 9/11 during an official ceremony at Camp Eggers in Kabul, Afghanistan. 35 flags representing the nations contributing to the NATO training mission lowered and then raised their flags to honor those killed in the attack.

IMMIGRANTS CONTRIBUTE: AMERICA, WE SING BACK! community event at the All Souls Unitarian Church at 1500 Harvard Street, NW, Washington DC on Saturday afternoon, 28 September 2013 by Elvert Barnes Photography

Information Presentation

Loide Rosa Jorge, Attorney At Law, US Immigration and Nationality Law

lrjorgelaw.com/

Follow DC Office of Human Rights / IMMIGRANTS CONTRIBUTE: AMERICA, WE SING BACK! facebook event page at www.facebook.com/events/530488973690958/

Photo contributed by Vicki Fuller, who believes the students were studying Shakespeare and doing a drama.

Contributed by Kariann Burleson - dailypoetics.com

IMMIGRANTS CONTRIBUTE: AMERICA, WE SING BACK! community event at the All Souls Unitarian Church at 1500 Harvard Street, NW, Washington DC on Saturday afternoon, 28 September 2013 by Elvert Barnes Photography

Performances

Abisola Kusimo (Ghana)

Follow DC Office of Human Rights / IMMIGRANTS CONTRIBUTE: AMERICA, WE SING BACK! facebook event page at www.facebook.com/events/530488973690958/

Contributing Building - Louvale Church Row Historic District - National Register of Historic Places

NRIS #86000747

Yahoo Labs is proud to be a contributing sponsor of the 2014 ACM CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. CHI 2014 is the premier worldwide forum for professionals interested in all aspects of human-computer interaction (HCI). The conference features work on the hardware and software engineering of interactive systems, the structure of communication between human and machine, characterization of the use and contexts of use for interactive systems, methodology of design, design artifacts and experiences, and future technologies.

I really want to contribute to this group. I'm hoping Sarah has no rigid rules because this was taken around this time last year. It's a year old, but it's bare and it is a feeling of winter.

This contributes to foodborne illnesses. The dirty plates sitting in the sink for a period of time before they are washed help spread germs around the kitchen. Having these dirty dishes laying around contaminates the area in which you cook your meals, leaving you at a health risk.

The Iris Foundation has the ambition to fundamentally contribute to the contemporary cultural life of St. Petersburg, the wider region, Russia and the international cultural world.It has taken the admirable initiative to expand its success of the Garage Centre for Contemporary Culture in Moscow and convert St. Petersburg’s New Holland Island into a cultural district. MVRDV developed a strategy to gradually redevelop the historic structure and add a new volume dedicated to Modern Art. Inside the new structure a series of activators are collected, being released in summer activating the district. New Holland Island as curatable space, the informal and contemporary inside the monumental city, a cultural Trojan Horse. The historic buildings are treated with upmost respect as imposed by the UNESCO environment and economically upgraded in a gentrification strategy comparable to organic urban renewal on a larger scale.

Only what evolves stays vivid and contemporary

For more information read the project text on www.mvrdv.nl/#/projects/newhollandisland

COVID-19 has upended local, national, and global food systems, and put the Sustainable Development Goals further out of reach. But lessons and momentum from the world’s response to the pandemic can contribute to food system change. In the 2021 Global Food Policy Report, IFPRI researchers and experts explore the impacts of the pandemic and government policy responses to date, particularly for the poor and disadvantaged, and consider what it all means for transforming our food systems to be healthy, resilient, efficient, sustainable, and inclusive.

The chapters in this flagship report explore key requisites for such a transformation in light of the current shock — balancing health and economic policies, promoting healthy diets and nutrition, strengthening social protection policies and inclusion, integrating natural resource protection into food sector policies, and enhancing the contribution of the private sector — and how best to achieve them. Regional sections examine the diverse experiences of the pandemic worldwide, and the impact of varied response measures.

At the launch event, speakers will share evidence on the impact of COVID-19, and discuss the way forward for food systems transformation.

Remarks

Agnes Kalibata, UN Secretary General’s Special Envoy to the 2021 Food Systems Summit

Marco Ferroni, Chair, CGIAR System Board

Report Overview

Johan Swinnen, Director General, IFPRI

John McDermott, Director, CGIAR Research Program on Agriculture for Nutrition and Health (A4NH), IFPRI

Rapid Fire Presentations

Samuel Benin, Deputy Division Director, Africa Regional Office, IFPRI

Neha Kumar, Senior Research Fellow, IFPRI

Valeria Pineiro, Senior Research Coordinator, IFPRI

Danielle Resnick, Senior Research Fellow, and Theme Leader, Governance, IFPRI

Shahidur Rashid, Director for South Asia, IFPRI

Rob Vos, Director of Markets, Trade, and Institutions Division, IFPRI

Moderator

Charlotte Hebebrand, Director of Communications and Public Affairs, IFPRI

I always look forward to the launch of the four Wentworth seasonal ranges - and also to contributing to their Xmas choices via a questionnaire (although I don't always spot the opportunity). These are my top colourful choices for Xmas 2021 season.

Left: Wentworth 250pc Rachel Arbuckle's 12 Days of Christmas Series - Three French Hens & Four Calling Birds. In 2021 we have an entry for 'Six Geese a Laying' in Rachel Arbuckle's 250pc series with dropouts, The Twelve Days of Christmas. I'm a bit behind with this, having only Partridge and Turtle Doves. I intend to buy French Hens and Calling Birds, both of which I like more than Five Gold Rings, and mix them together as a 1000pc jigsaw. The scale of the designs of the first four are compatible, but the later members of the series will necessarily have smaller items and not mix as well.

Centre Top: Wentworth North Wind by Russian artist Natalia Klimova. An intriguing image with whimsies taken from it, available in 240pc & 500pc.

Lower Centre: Wentworth Road to Bethlehem by Jane Tattersfield, religious whimsy cut & available in 240pc & 500pc. These colours really zing and I like the design if I could pick it up second hand at a reasonable price.

Top Right: Wentworth Hanukkah in the Magic Garden by Israeli artist Elena Kortliarker, whimsy cuts with Jewish religious symbols available in 250p & 500pc sizes. I liked this one last year so I'm glad I have another chance to buy it for its glowing colours and lovely patterns.

Lower Right: Wentworth Tessellation design 'The Puzzle That Will Wind You Up', with one or multiple-piece cuckoo clock shapes. Again all three sizes are available 36pc MDZ11, 252pc MDW6 and 540pc MDT9. I'm glad that Wentworth are still offering the double size tessellations, although I don't like this image as much as the Nutcracker one.

If you missed examples of the old snowflake cut from around 2004 you could try the oval shaped 206pc 'Joyeux Noel' by Hello Angel, which uses an oval shaped version of that cut with it's trefoil-knobbed pieces. The image shows colourful Christmas tree decorations against a turquoise background with delicate snowflakes.

On 11th June 2019, ESCP Europe’s London campus hosted the 5th edition of its annual Summer Soirée, this year celebrating the School’s Bicentenary of forward-thinking business education.

The event is dedicated to reconnecting and networking amongst the School’s 55,000-strong Alumni network.

107 graduates spanning from 1954 to 2019 attended the event, which was hosted at the DoubleTree by Hilton Tower of London’s sophisticated rooftop terrace.

The School welcomed Laurence Hollobon (96), HR Vice President of the Bel Group, who gave an inspirational speech. This was accompanied by a welcome address by the London Campus Dean, Prof. Simon Mercado.

Dean of ESCP Europe, Prof. Frank Bournois, was proud to share with ESCP Europe’s community that on 11th June 2019, the EFMD extended ESCP Europe’s EQUIS accreditation for five more years. ESCP Europe is among the 1% of business schools worldwide to be triple-accredited. The Dean also spoke about other achievements during the past year, including an 11th place rankingt in the Financial Times' European Business School rankings, and a 5th, 2nd and 10th place global ranking for its Master in Management, Advanced Master in Finance, and Executive MBA respectively.

Since the 2018 Summer Soirée, ESCP Europe’s London School and Campus was named UK Business School of the Year at the prestigious Times Higher Education Awards – known as the Oscars of the Higher Education sector. This follows the recognition of Highly Commended in the same category at the 2017 awards.

The event was a collaboration between the ESCP Europe Alumni Association, the ESCP Europe Foundation and the School’s London Campus.

The School is dedicated to continuously building on each year’s successes with the support of its community. After the success of its inaugural Fundraising Gala in October 2018, which raised over £220k and greatly contributed to the ESCP Europe Scholarship Programme, the School is launching a new edition of this event in its Bicentenary year. The ESCP Europe Bicentenary Fundraising Gala Dinner will take place on 7th November 2019. The funds collected during this Gala will allow ESCP Europe to grant scholarships for tuition fees to outstanding and deserving students through its European Scholarship Programme. Save the date!

We would like to thank all alumni, faculty and staff who joined us at this event. It was a true pleasure to spend time with you on an early Summer evening, and we look forward to welcoming you back to the ESCP Europe London campus soon!

Title: Raphael Semmes letter to A.B. Noyer

Date Original: 1860-02-06

Description: This is a perfunctory note notifying

the addressee that his letter has been received. Semmes signs in his capacity

as Secretary of the Lighthouse Board. Previous to this position he was an officer

in the U.S. Navy. Following the secession of Alabama he joined the CSA Navy,

serving as Commander and Rear Admiral. He commanded the CSS Alabama from 1862

through 1864, when it was sunk off of France. He also served briefly as an infantry

general towards the end of the war.

Creator: Semmes, Raphael, 1809-1877

Subject(s): Semmes, Raphael, 1809-1877

Noyer, A.B

Alternative Title: 070425-41

Publisher: Wofford College

Contributor:

Date Digital: 2008-09-03

Type: Text

Format [medium]: Manuscript

Format [IMT]: image/jpeg

Digitization Specifications: 800ppi 24-bit depth color; Scanned with

an Epson 15000 Photo scanner with Epson Scan software; Archival master is a

TIFF; Original converted to JPEG with Irfan View software.

Resource Identifier: 070425-41

Source: The original, accession number 070425-41, from which

this digital representation is taken is housed in The

Littlejohn Collection at Wofford College,

located in the Sandor Teszler Library.

Language:En-us English

Relation [is part of]:The

Littlejohn Collection

Rights Management: This digital representation has been

licensed under an Attribution

- Noncommercial- No Derivatives Creative Commons license.

Contributing Institution: Wofford College

Web Site: http://www.wofford.edu/library/littlejohn-home.aspx

Contributing Building - Park Avenue Historic District - National Register of Historic Places

NRIS #79000681

Formerly US Post Office and Federal Courthouse

New Deal project

Built 1935-36

Architect: Eric Kebbon

Contractors: Beers Construction Co.