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Cockburn, South Australia, is a small settlement immediately adjacent to the border with New South Wales near Broken Hill. It was established because the New South Wales government refused to allow locomotives of the South Australian Railways to operate in its jurisdiction, requiring locomotives to be changed at the town for 84 years until 1970, when the route was converted from 1067 mm (3 ft 6 in) to 1435 mm (4 ft 8+1⁄2 in) standard gauge.
Huge ore deposits were discovered in Silverton, which in 1884 prompted the government of South Australia to offer to the Government of New South Wales the building of a narrow gauge railway line from the limit of its jurisdiction at the border to Silverton, since horse-drawn drays over rough tracks could not meet the transport task for the journey to Port Pirie. This offer was rejected by the New South Wales government. In response, investors formed the Silverton Tramway Company in 1885 to build the railway line from Silverton to the border; as the railway was privately owned, it could not legally be referred to as such, hence the use of the term tramway.
The town of Cockburn, named after South Australian Premier Sir John Alexander Cockburn, came into existence in 1886 on the South Australia side of the border as a place for trains to exchange locomotives and crews. On the New South Wales side of the border, the Silverton Tramway Company built the Burns station and transfer sidings.
For 84 years, until 1970, Cockburn exemplified a busy South Australian Railways interchange station. Locomotives were serviced here and concentrate trains brought from Broken Hill on the Silverton Tramway were marshalled for their 350-kilometre (220-mile) journey to Port Pirie.
Pressure for the expansion of Cockburn was increased with mineral discoveries at Thackaringa and Umberumberka from 1883 onwards. The silver-lead-zinc discovery at Broken Hill led to the railway line being extended from Silverton to Broken Hill in 1887. The route was extremely important, as it provided balanced trading for locomotives with a momentum grade 'up' from Broken Hill to Cockburn and a rising grade 'down' from Cockburn to Broken Hill. This was the main advantage of the route to and from Cockburn.
By 1892, the town of Cockburn had become sizeable, with a population of 2000. Cockburn boasted two hotels, two general stores, three boarding houses, schools, and churches. It included within its business sector a blacksmith, butcher, baker, produce merchant and carrier. Stationed at Cockburn were two engineers, a stationmaster, customs officer, locomotive superintendent, and a miner. A locomotive shed and related work facilities were recorded as existing in 1892. Seven trains regularly ran between Petersburg (now Peterborough), Cockburn, and Broken Hill, and included passenger trains. 83 194 passengers travelled through Cockburn in 1892.
Cockburn also has a role in industrial relations history in Broken Hill. Tom Mann, a political "disruptionist", was barred from speaking publicly in New South Wales. In 1908, 3000 passengers came from Broken Hill to Cockburn to hear him speak. From the front of the hall, next to the Cockburn Hotel, he addressed the crowd. This was the beginning of a dispute known as the 1909 lockout. Broken Hill mining unionists were locked out of the company gates for rejecting pay cuts which would have been below the minimum wage.
The standard gauge railway line, officially opened in 1970, is south of the surveyed town limits of Cockburn. A new station and a passing loop were built but the station is now disused. In the early 1990s, the South Australian government proposed to close down the small communities along the Barrier Highway, leading to a strong and unified resistance from the local communities. The 2016 census recorded a population of 56 in the immediate vicinity of the town.
Nothing remains of the infrastructure of the railway yard other than an elevated locomotive water tank, repurposed as a bushfire emergency asset. The last buildings, six railway employee houses, were demolished or removed in 2009.
There is no Local Government Area (LGA) for the communities of Nackara, Yunta, Manna Hill, Olary, and Cockburn.
Sir John Alexander Cockburn:
Sir John Alexander Cockburn (1850 - 1929), premier, Federationist, and medical practitioner, was born on the 23rd of August 1850 at Corsbie, Berwickshire, Scotland, second son of Thomas Cockburn, farmer, and his wife Isabella, née Wright. His father died in France in 1855, and his mother migrated to South Australia in 1867 with three of the four children. John, educated at Cholmeley (now Highgate) School, remained behind to study medicine at King's College, University of London (M.R.C.S., M.B., 1871; M.D. and gold medal, 1874), although he briefly visited his family in 1871.
Believing the medical profession to be overcrowded in England, Cockburn settled in South Australia in 1875, and set up a lucrative practice in Jamestown. He was elected its first mayor in 1878 and held the office for three and a half years. In 1881 he was appointed a commissioner of the North Midland Road Board. He was also vice-president of the Rifle Volunteer Force and captain of the Jamestown company as well as a lay reader of the Anglican Church.
Cockburn's ambitions did not lie in medicine and in 1884 he won the House of Assembly seat of Burra. He immediately made his mark in parliament as a picturesque and eloquent speaker. As minister of education in Sir John Downer's ministry in 1885 - 1887, he was mainly responsible for the inauguration of arbor day. He also established an inquiry to report on the best means of developing technical education. Although he lost his seat at the 1887 election, he won Mount Barker, which he represented until his retirement.
In 1888 Cockburn was appointed chairman of the council of the new School of Mines and Industries but he resigned when it opened in June 1889. In the same month the Thomas Playford government was defeated and Cockburn formed a ministry as chief secretary. In August next year Playford successfully moved a motion of no-confidence, Cockburn was again chief secretary in F. W. Holder's ministry, June-October 1892. He was one of three former premiers in the cabinet of Charles Kingston, formed in June 1893, and he remained as minister of education and agriculture until he resigned in April 1898 to become agent-general in London.
An advanced liberal, Cockburn was held by his critics to be an impractical visionary, easily swayed by the writings of reformers such as Henry George and Edward Bellamy. His intellectual eclecticism was paralleled in practical politics by frequent changes of mind; he was not a strong leader in an era of faction politics. Nevertheless Cockburn initiated a number of notable pieces of reform legislation. He was active in the struggle to secure payment for members of parliament, and he helped to change Kingston's mind on adult suffrage. He also introduced unsuccessfully a bill for a progressive land tax.
Cockburn was an ardent Federationist, representing South Australia at the 1890 conference, and the 1891 and 1897 - 1898 conventions. He was also the only notable South Australian to attend the unofficial People's Federal Convention at Bathurst in 1896. At these conferences he supported moves for a more democratic constitution. At the same time he wanted a strong Senate, basing his case on 'State rights'—his decentralist sentiments were declared at Sydney in 1891: 'Government at a central and distant point can never be government by the people'. He and Kingston were the only two delegates in 1891 to support Sir George Grey's proposal that the governor-general and the State governors should be elected by the people. Cockburn argued the governor-general would be a dummy and the office useless; many other delegates believed that an elective governor-general would have pretensions to real authority. A collection of his articles and speeches was published in Australian Federation (London, 1901), dedicated to his close friend, Sir J. Langdon Bonython.
Fears were expressed when Cockburn was appointed agent-general in 1898. The conservative Register wrote that "the Doctor of Fanciful Notions would be more congenially employed in a library studying mystical lore and in resurrecting impracticable political schemes from 'Plutarch's Lives' than in directing the commercial and financial operations of the government in London. The outgoing incumbent of the office, Thomas Playford, in a letter to the under-treasurer Thomas Gill, pointed out Cockburn's lack of knowledge of finance but felt that 'if he holds his tongue and refrains from gassing upon socialistic fads he may do well." As it turned out, Cockburn was a successful agent-general until 1901; he never missed an opportunity of advertising the State and its products.
He was appointed K.C.M.G. in 1900. Patrick McMahon Glynn noted with disbelief in his diary that "Mr. Cockburn, the political mystic and interpreter of the democratic spirit as understood by himself, the paper-disciple of Rousseau, the chief South Australian exponent of philosophic equality and scientific methods of social progress—has been made a Knight". In 1901 Cockburn was appointed knight of grace of the Order of Saint John of Jerusalem. That year he hoped to enter Federal politics, but his friends failed to nominate him in time. Shortly afterwards he was placed in an embarrassing position by the government of J. G. Jenkins, which wished to downgrade the agent-generalship to that of a State agent, at a reduced salary. Cockburn's term of office was not extended, as had previously been the case, and his retirement reflected rather poorly on his former political colleagues. The Critic commented sourly that electors "would hardly recognise their old friend with the ultra-radical views … [who] dressed 'carelessly', wore his hair long like the typical anarchist of the papers illustrated, [but is] now immaculately frocked and has somewhat changed his views".
Cockburn remained in England for the rest of his life as a sort of unofficial ambassador for South Australia, many of whose citizens he entertained at Dean's Hill, Harrietsham, Kent. He made an unsuccessful attempt to enter the House of Commons at a by-election for West Monmouthshire in November 1904, standing as an Independent Tariff Reformer supported by Joseph Chamberlain and the local Conservatives; however, he had nothing else in common with them. He held directorships of the English, Scottish & Australian Bank, the Mount Lyell Mining and Railway Co. Ltd, the Australian Mutual Provident Society, and the Central Insurance Co. He also became chairman of the Australasian Chamber of Commerce in London, the Nature Study Association and the Swanley Horticultural College, and was vice-chairman of the court of governors of the London School of Economics and Political Science. Cockburn was president of the Entente Cordiale Society, the National Association of Manual Training Teachers, the London branch of the Child-Study Society, the Men's International Alliance for Woman Suffrage, and the International Philological Society, and a vice-president of the Royal Colonial Institute. He was also a member of the council of King's College, University of London, from 1900. In addition, he did prominent work for the London County Council on elementary education, and was a prolific writer on Australian, Imperial and educational topics. Greatly interested in freemasonry, he had been deputy grand master in South Australia, and in England he became president of both the International Masonic Club and the Society for Masonic Study, and wrote extensively on the symbolism of freemasonry.
Cockburn was a short and handsome man. His obituary in The Times described him as "stamped with the zeal and courtesy of a past generation'. He was proud of his extensive library, and bookbinding was one of his hobbies. He died in London, at King's College Hospital, on the 26th of November 1929, survived by his wife Sarah Holdway (d. 1931), née Brown, whom he had married in 1875, and by a son and a daughter. His estate was valued for probate at £20 442. A bust in bronze by Alfred Drury is in the possession of the Art Gallery of South Australia.
Source: Australian Bureau of Statistics, Australian Dictionary of Biography.
Once the stars of the transcontinental mainline, now these former ATSF units find themselves regulated to secondary assignments such as tending to switching duties around Hobart yard.
An eastbound unit coal train is seen passing the massive Commerce City Grain facility east of Denver.
GE ES44AC
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Bus Shot.....
Fames restraining Pegasus - one of the four statues, this one represents commerce.
This is a statue on the Alexander III bridge (pont Alexandre III). It is one of four placed on high granite pillars at each corner of the bridge. The statues are covered in 24-karat gold leaf.
Built in 1900 for the Universal Exhibition, the Pont Alexandre III takes its name from the Russian emperor who laid the first stone. The four golden statues depict Art, Commerce, Industry and the Sciences.
ex-Gettysburg Railroad GP9 105 passes over the recently rebuilt crossing at Commerce Drive on the east side of Napoleon. This crossing is probably the best 100 feet of track on the whole railroad.
PREX 105
The man walking into the picture represents commerce, the man behind the camera in his French working man’s coat represents art. The result is joy to be in such a lovely town for us both.
The last active (at the time) former ATSF CF7 on the Los Angeles Junction Railway roster spots boxcars inside the Prologis Commerce Business Park for customer Plastic Express.
What you might term "the Glasgow Fascist style" in Gilbert Bayes' reliefs of Commerce and Industry on the 1935 Commercial Bank on Bothwell St.
It looks busy but it was noticeably quieter than in my previous visits to the area in 2015. Additionally, there were many empty stores, which wasn't something I noticed on my prior visits.
Hopefully the vendors and merchants have a much better 2023.
free pic no repro fee
pictured at the Cork Chamber , US Embassy and the American Chamber of Commerce in Ireland joined forces at a breakfast meeting entitled Economic Leaders Forum , Drivers of Growth in the US-Irish Relationship in the Clarion Hotel, Cork.
pictures Gerard McCarthy 087 8537228
more info contact Katie Keogh Office of Public Affairs U.S. Embassy Dublin 01 237 5843 087 682 3845
A pair of yellowbonnet geeps powering the Malabar Switcher arrive at the old Lever Brothers yard (Commerce Diesel) to interchange traffic.
[...] When nations grow old, the arts grow cold and commerce settles on every tree [...]
-- Quote by William Blake (English visionary Mystic, Poet, Painter and Engraver. 1757-1827)
Nikon D200, Tokina 12-24 f/4, 12mm - f/8 - 2s - HDR 5xp +2/-2EV
Ferentino, Italy (May, 2014)
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This former Marathon Gas Station along Route 66 in Commerce, OK is today home to Dairy King. There are two gas pumps preserved on the left with a modern ice cream cone up top.
Below the awning, they proclaim: One and only Route 66 Cookies Sold Anywhere. They use a cookie cutter to shape the cookie like a highway shield, then use a branding iron to softly burn a US 66 into the cookie.