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The inside of a bag of potato chips. It's mostly air it seems. #inside #FlickrFriday #rixpix6 #Katoffelchips #ポテトチップス #snacks #collations #おやつ
Taken over an hour earlier than the previous picture.
(The two ugly, white drain pipes have been cloned out. Hope that's allowed ;-))
Collation pour deux amis avec pailles et friandises succulentes
Une création en 972 pièces inspirée par la très belle pièce ninjago tornado spiral wide with marbled trans-green top pattern (69784pb02)
Snack for two friends with straws and tasty treats
A 972 piece creation inspired by the beautiful ninjago tornado spiral wide with marbled trans-green top pattern (69784pb02)
Azur printanier sur des fleurs de Cassandre caliculée / Spring azure on Leatherleaf flowers.
Red Mill, Trois-Rivières, Mauricie, Québec, Canada
Harle huppé --- Red-breasted merganser --- Serreta mediana
Darktable et Affinity photo softwares
Au moulin Légaré
St-Eustache
Basse Laurentides
"Small snack"
Train journey to Hanoï
Voyage en train en direction de Hanoï (Vietnam)
(Gare de Gia Lam)
Website : www.fluidr.com/photos/pat21
www.flickriver.com/photos/pat21/sets/
"Copyright © – Patrick Bouchenard
The reproduction, publication, modification, transmission or exploitation of any work contained here in for any use, personal or commercial, without my prior written permission is strictly prohibited. All rights reserved."
je tourne avec attention les feuilles du grand livre que Dame Nature m'a écrit.
Je vais dévorer le bouquin des yeux et même un peu plus si affinité !!!
Just started keeping bees so I'm photographing more bees than ever before. This is a combination of about 9 macro photos taken when the bees were squeezing into a box of extracted frames. Hard to catch a sharp image of bees in flight I find.
I have read that without bees the great bulk of land plants and animals would quickly die out. Living things are so delicately interconnected and interdependent. It's so fine a balance that I cannot believe it came about without divine input.
Free download under CC Attribution (CC BY 4.0). Please credit the artist and rawpixel.com.
Antique illustrations from our own 1923 edition of Mrs. Beeton's Household Management or Mrs. Beeton Cookery book edited by Isabella Beeton. This book was known as "an extensive guide to running a household in Victorian Britain" that described the arts of making and keeping a comfortable home. This book was a fruitful source for household chores and cookery. The mouthwatering illustrations of delicious food and tasty pastries were designed by skillful artists. We have digitally enhanced these plates into high resolution printable quality. They are free to download under the CC0 license. Also, these illustrations are free to use for either personal or commercial purpose.
Higher resolutions with no attribution required can be downloaded: https://www.rawpixel.com/board/1266632/mrs-beetons-household-management
Six of eight images taken with smc PENTAX-DA 21mm f3.2 Limited on January 21st 2021 as part of Pentax Forums 21 in 21 photo game.
Painting acrylic on canvas .Size 50+50 cm,2017.This abstract painting depicts the struggle between good and evil.
Je continue ma visite du Jardin Júlio de Castilho, et quelle agréable surprise !
Ce lieu paisible, connu pour ses superbes azulejos, ses bougainvilliers en fleurs et ses vues sur Lisbonne, se révèle aussi être un point de rencontre convivial.
En fin de journée, des groupes de jeunes s’y réunissent pour discuter, rire et se désaltérer, créant une atmosphère détendue qui se mêle au charme du jardin.
Cathy, notre guide, est très attentionnée. Elle a pensé que nous aurions une petite faim après notre survol en avion. Ces donuts sont vraiment délicieux !
dans Réalités numéro 72 janvier 1952
Supplément AIR VIETNAM Nouvelle société vietnamienne de transport aérien par Maurice Lemoine SG d’Air France.
リンゴ ‘アルプス乙女’
Malus domestica (Suckow) Borkh., 1803 ‘Alps Otome’
This species is accepted.
Confirmation Date: 04/28, 2023.
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Family: Rosaceae (APG IV)
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Authors:
Georg Adolph Suckow (1751-1813)
Moritz (Moriz) Balthasar Borkhausen (1760-1806)
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Publication:
Theoretisches-praktisches Handbuch der Forstbotanik und Forsttechnologie
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Collation:
2: 1272 (1803), nom. cons.
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The native range of this species is Afghanistan to Central Asia and Xinjiang. It is a tree and grows primarily in the temperate biome. It is used to treat unspecified medicinal disorders, has environmental uses and social uses, as a poison and a medicine and for fuel and food.
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Distribution Native to:
Afghanistan, Kazakhstan, Kirgizstan, Pakistan, Tadzhikistan, Uzbekistan, Xinjiang
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Introduced into:
Alabama, Alaska, Albania, Argentina Northeast, Argentina South, Arkansas, Azores, Baleares, Baltic States, Belarus, Belgium, British Columbia, Bulgaria, California, Central European Rus, Colorado, Connecticut, Cyprus, Czechoslovakia, Delaware, Denmark, District of Columbia, East European Russia, East Himalaya, Ecuador, Falkland Is., Finland, France, Georgia, Germany, Great Britain, Greece, Hungary, Illinois, Indiana, Inner Mongolia, Iowa, Iraq, Ireland, Italy, Kansas, Kentucky, Korea, Krym, Louisiana, Madeira, Maine, Manitoba, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, Nepal, Netherlands, Nevada, New Brunswick, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, New South Wales, New York, Newfoundland, North Carolina, North Caucasus, North Dakota, Norway, Nova Scotia, Ohio, Ontario, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Poland, Prince Edward I., Québec, Rhode I., Romania, South Carolina, South European Russi, Spain, Sweden, Tasmania, Tennessee, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, Utah, Vermont, Victoria, Virginia, West Virginia, Wisconsin, Wyoming, Yugoslavia
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Homotypic Synonyms:
Malus communis var. domestica (Suckow) Gams in G.Hegi, Ill. Fl. Mitt.-Eur. 4: 747 (1922)
Malus dasyphylla var. domestica (Suckow) Koidz. in Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 3: 189 (1934)
Malus pumila var. domestica (Suckow) C.K.Schneid. in Ill. Handb. Laubholzk. 1: 715 (1906)
Pyrus malus proles domestica (Suckow) Asch. et Graebn. in Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. 6(2): 77 (1906)
Pyrus malus var. domestica Suckow in Anfangsgründe Theor. Angew. Bot. 2: 322 (1786)
Pyrus pumila var. domestica (Suckow) Asch. et Graebn. in Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. 6(2): 77 (1906)
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Heterotypic Synonyms:
Malus anetica Poit. et Turpin in H.L.Duhamel du Monceau, Traité Arbr. Fruit. 5: n.° 11 (1808)
Malus anetica rubra Poit. et Turpin in H.L.Duhamel du Monceau, Traité Arbr. Fruit. 5: n.° 11 (1808)
Malus anisophylla Sumnev. in Bot. Mater. Gerb. Inst. Bot. Zool. Akad. Nauk Uzbeksk. S.S.R. 11: 29 (1948)
Malus apetala Poit. et Turpin in Pomol. Franç. 4: Pommier n.° 46 (1846)
Malus astracanica Dum.Cours. in Bot. Cult., ed. 2, 5: 426 (1811)
Malus batavica Poit. et Turpin in Pomol. Franç. 4: Pommier n.° 44 (1846)
Malus calvilla Poit. et Turpin in Pomol. Franç. 4: Pommier n.° 21-22 (1846)
Malus calvilla alba Poit. et Turpin in Pomol. Franç. 4: Pommier n.° 21 (1846)
Malus calvilla rubra Poit. et Turpin in Pomol. Franç. 4: Pommier n.° 22 (1846)
Malus chitralensis Vassilcz. in Fl. Iranica 66: 38 (1969)
Malus columbella Poit. et Turpin in H.L.Duhamel du Monceau, Traité Arbr. Fruit. 5: n.° 25 (1829)
Malus columbella alba Poit. et Turpin in H.L.Duhamel du Monceau, Traité Arbr. Fruit. 5: n.° 26 (1829)
Malus communis Desf. in Fl. Atlant. 1: 398 (1798), nom. rej.
Malus communis var. api Risso in Hist. Nat. Prod. Eur. Mérid. 2: 281 (1826)
Malus communis austera (Wallr.) Wenz. in Jahrb. Königl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 2: 291 (1883)
Malus communis var. coccinea Risso in Hist. Nat. Prod. Eur. Mérid. 2: 283 (1826)
Malus communis var. corallina Risso in Hist. Nat. Prod. Eur. Mérid. 2: 287 (1826)
Malus communis var. coronata Risso in Hist. Nat. Prod. Eur. Mérid. 2: 294 (1826)
Malus communis subsp. dasyphylla (Borkh.) Dippel in Handb. Laubholzk. 3: 397 (1893)
Malus communis var. depressa Risso in Hist. Nat. Prod. Eur. Mérid. 2: 288 (1826)
Malus communis var. fasciata Risso in Hist. Nat. Prod. Eur. Mérid. 2: 288 (1826)
Malus communis var. gellida Risso in Hist. Nat. Prod. Eur. Mérid. 2: 277 (1826)
Malus communis var. joannis Risso in Hist. Nat. Prod. Eur. Mérid. 2: 275 (1826)
Malus communis var. loiseleurii Risso in Hist. Nat. Prod. Eur. Mérid. 2: 286 (1826)
Malus communis var. mitis Wenz. in Jahrb. Königl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 2: 291 (1883)
Malus communis subsp. mitis (Wenz.) Dippel in Handb. Laubholzk. 3: 396 (1893)
Malus communis f. mitis (Wallr.) Gams in G.Hegi, Ill. Fl. Mitt.-Eur. 4: 747 (1922)
Malus communis var. nigra Dippel in Handb. Laubholzk. 1: 396 (1893)
Malus communis var. oblonga Risso in Hist. Nat. Prod. Eur. Mérid. 2: 287 (1826)
Malus communis var. paradisiaca (L.) Wenz. in Jahrb. Königl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 2: 291 (1883)
Malus communis subsp. paradisiaca (L.) Dippel in Handb. Laubholzk. 3: 395 (1893)
Malus communis var. ponderosa Risso in Hist. Nat. Prod. Eur. Mérid. 2: 294 (1826)
Malus communis var. provincialis Risso in Hist. Nat. Prod. Eur. Mérid. 2: 295 (1826)
Malus communis subsp. pumila (Mill.) Gams in G.Hegi, Ill. Fl. Mitt.-Eur. 4: 747 (1922)
Malus communis var. pumila (Mill.) Risso in Hist. Nat. Prod. Eur. Mérid. 2: 276 (1826)
Malus communis var. reneta Risso in Hist. Nat. Prod. Eur. Mérid. 2: 280 (1826)
Malus communis var. rosea Risso in Hist. Nat. Prod. Eur. Mérid. 2: 284 (1826)
Malus communis var. sabulosa Risso in Hist. Nat. Prod. Eur. Mérid. 2: 294 (1826)
Malus communis var. sativa DC. in J.B.A.M.de Lamarck & A.P.de Candolle, Fl. Franç., éd. 3, 3: 429 (1805)
Malus communis var. siccifolia Risso in Hist. Nat. Prod. Eur. Mérid. 2: 293 (1826)
Malus communis var. sieversii (Ledeb.) Dippel in Handb. Laubholzk. 3: 396 (1893)
Malus communis var. tomentosa W.D.J.Koch ex Gams in G.Hegi, Ill. Fl. Mitt.-Eur. 4: 747 (1922), nom. illeg.
Malus communis var. tomentosa Coss. et Germ. in Fl. Descr. Anal. Paris: 186 (1845)
Malus communis var. typica Beck in Fl. Nieder-Österreich 2: 716 (1892), not validly publ.
Malus communis var. vetan Risso in Hist. Nat. Prod. Eur. Mérid. 2: 289 (1826)
Malus cylindracea A.Sav. in Compt. Rend. Assoc. Franç. Avancem. Sci. Assoc. Sci. France 11: 429 (1882 publ. 1883)
Malus dasyphylla Borkh. in Theor. Prakt. Handb. Forstbot. 2: 1269 (1803), nom. rej.
Malus dasyphylla f. dioeca Zabel in L.Beissner, E.Schelle & H.Zabel, Handb. Laubholzben.: 185 (1903)
Malus dasyphylla f. flore-plena Zabel in L.Beissner, E.Schelle & H.Zabel, Handb. Laubholzben.: 186 (1903), nom. nud.
Malus dasyphylla var. gellidus (Risso) D.Rivera in Varied. Trad. Frut. Cuenca Río Segura Cat. Etnobot.: 154 (1997)
Malus dasyphylla var. mitis (Wallr.) Koidz. in Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 3: 189 (1934)
Malus dasyphylla f. pendula (R.Möller) Zabel in L.Beissner, E.Schelle & H.Zabel, Handb. Laubholzben.: 186 (1903)
Malus dasyphylla var. reneta (Risso) D.Rivera in Varied. Trad. Frut. Cuenca Río Segura Cat. Etnobot.: 150 (1997)
Malus dioica (Moench) Medik. in Gesch. Bot.: 78 (1793)
Malus dolichomorpha Juz. in V.L.Komarov (ed.), Fl. URSS 9: 366 (1939)
Malus domestica var. api (Risso) D.Rivera in Varied. Trad. Frut. Cuenca Río Segura Cat. Etnobot.: 139 (1997)
Malus domestica var. calvillea Likhonos in E.V.Wulff (ed.), Kul't. Fl. SSSR 14: 65 (1983)
Malus domestica subsp. caucasica Likhonos in Trudy Prikl. Bot. 46(2): 21 (1972)
Malus domestica var. coccineus (Risso) D.Rivera in Varied. Trad. Frut. Cuenca Río Segura Cat. Etnobot.: 144 (1997)
Malus domestica var. dasyphylla (Borkh.) Langenf. in Daildarznieciba 8: 17 (1971)
Malus domestica subsp. hybrida Likhonos in Trudy Prikl. Bot. 46(2): 16 (1972)
Malus domestica subsp. intermedia Likhonos in Trudy Prikl. Bot. 46(2): 10 (1972)
Malus domestica subsp. italotaurica Likhonos in Trudy Prikl. Bot. 46(2): 20 (1972)
Malus domestica subsp. macrocarpa Likhonos in Trudy Prikl. Bot. 46(2): 15 (1972)
Malus domestica subsp. medioasiatica Likhonos in Trudy Prikl. Bot. 46(2): 22 (1972)
Malus domestica subsp. occidentalieuropaea Likhonos in Trudy Prikl. Bot. 46(2): 19 (1972)
Malus domestica var. paradisiaca (L.) Likhonos in Trudy Prikl. Bot. 52(3): 21 (1974)
Malus domestica var. parmaenea Likhonos in E.V.Wulff (ed.), Kul't. Fl. SSSR 14: 65 (1983)
Malus domestica var. ponderosus (Risso) D.Rivera in Varied. Trad. Frut. Cuenca Río Segura Cat. Etnobot.: 145 (1997)
Malus domestica var. praecox (Mill.) Likhonos in Trudy Prikl. Bot. 52(3): 21 (1974)
Malus domestica subsp. pumila (Mill.) Likhonos in E.V.Wulff (ed.), Kul't. Fl. SSSR 14: 69 (1983)
Malus domestica var. renettea Likhonos in E.V.Wulff (ed.), Kul't. Fl. SSSR 14: 64 (1983)
Malus domestica var. roseus (Risso) D.Rivera in Varied. Trad. Frut. Cuenca Río Segura Cat. Etnobot.: 141 (1997)
Malus domestica subsp. rossica Likhonos in Trudy Prikl. Bot. 46(2): 12 (1972)
Malus dulcissima var. subsessilis (C.K.Schneid.) Koidz. in Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 3: 190 (1934)
Malus fontanesiana Spach in Hist. Nat. Vég. 2: 150 (1834)
Malus frutescens Medik. in Gesch. Bot.: 78 (1793), nom. rej.
Malus glabra A.Sav. in Compt. Rend. Assoc. Franç. Avancem. Sci. Assoc. Sci. France 11: 432 (1882 publ. 1883)
Malus heterophylla Sumnev. in Dikie Plodovo-Yagodn. Rast. Uzbekistana: 52 (1942), no Latin descr.
Malus hissarica Kudr. in S.N.Kudrjaschev, Plod. Shakhri. 1: 158 (1950)
Malus hissarica var. heterogena Kudr. in S.N.Kudrjaschev, Plod. Shakhri. 1: 161 (1950)
Malus hissarica var. mironovii Kudr. in S.N.Kudrjaschev, Plod. Shakhri. 1: 163 (1950)
Malus hissarica var. variegata Kudr. in S.N.Kudrjaschev, Plod. Shakhri. 1: 164 (1950)
Malus jarmolenkoi Poljakov in Trudy Almatinsk. Gosud. Zapoved. 7: 154 (1948)
Malus juzepczukii Vassilcz. in Proc. First All-Union Meet. Bot. Sel. 1: ? (1952)
Malus kirghisorum Al.Fed. et Fed. in Trudy Yuzhno-Kirgizsk. Eksped. 1: 220 (1949)
Malus kudrjaschevii Sumnev. in Bot. Mater. Gerb. Inst. Bot. Zool. Akad. Nauk Uzbeksk. S.S.R. 11: 31 (1948)
Malus linczevskii Poljakov in Bjull. Glavn. Bot. Sada 6: 55 (1950)
Malus livida A.Sav. in Compt. Rend. Assoc. Franç. Avancem. Sci. Assoc. Sci. France 11: 430 (1882 publ. 1883)
Malus malus (L.) Voss in Vilm. Blumengärtn., ed. 3. 1: 275 (1894), not validly publ.
Malus medwietzkyana Dieck ex E.Goeze in Gard. Chron., ser. 3, 9: 461 (1891)
Malus niedzwetzkyana Dieck in Neuheiten-Off. Natl.-Arbor. Zöschen 1891: 16 (1891)
Malus paradisiaca (L.) Medik. in Gesch. Bot.: 78 (1793), nom. superfl., nom. rej.
Malus paradisiaca dasyphylla (Borkh.) Koehne in Deut. Dendrol.: 259 (1893)
Malus paradisiaca pumila Koehne in Deut. Dendrol.: 259 (1893)
Malus paradisiaca var. tomentosa W.D.J.Koch ex Koehne in Deut. Dendrol.: 259 (1893), nom. illeg.
Malus passipoma Poit. et Turpin in Pomol. Franç. 4: Pommier n.° 29 (1846)
Malus passipoma alba Poit. et Turpin in H.L.Duhamel du Monceau, Traité Arbr. Fruit. 5: n.° 30 (1826)
Malus persicifolia (Popov) Sumnev. in Dikie Plodovo-Yagodn. Rast. Uzbekistana: 51 (1942)
Malus persicifolia var. popovii Kudr. in Fl. Uzbekistan. 3: 283 (1955)
Malus praecox Borkh. in Theor. Prakt. Handb. Forstbot. 2: 1271 (1803), nom. superfl.
Malus praecox var. paradisiaca (L.) Vǎlev in Fl. Nar. Republ. Bulgariya 5: 347 (1973)
Malus prasomila (L.) Poit. et Turpin in Pomol. Franç. 4: Pommier n.° 39-40 (1846)
Malus prasomila augustiana Poit. et Turpin in H.L.Duhamel du Monceau, Traité Arbr. Fruit. 5: n.° 37 (1826)
Malus prasomila var. lutea-praecox Poit. & Turpin in Pomol. Franç. 4: Pommier n.° 39 (1846)
Malus prasomila var. lutea-serotina Poit. & Turpin in Pomol. Franç. 4: Pommier n.° 40 (1846)
Malus pumila Mill. in Gard. Dict., ed. 8.: Malus n.° 3 (1768), nom. rej.
Malus pumila f. apetala (Poit. et Turpin) C.K.Schneid. in Ill. Handb. Laubholzk. 1: 716 (1906)
Malus pumila var. dasyphylla (Borkh.) Koidz. in J. Coll. Sci. Imp. Univ. Tokyo 34(2): 86 (1913)
Malus pumila var. joannis (Risso) D.Rivera in Varied. Trad. Frut. Cuenca Río Segura Cat. Etnobot.: 157 (1997)
Malus pumila f. mitis (Wallr.) Buia in T.Săvulescu, Fl. Republ. Popul. Române 4: 227 (1956)
Malus pumila var. mitis (Wallr.) Hayek in Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 30(1): 752 (1926)
Malus pumila var. niedzwetzkyana (Dieck) C.K.Schneid. in Ill. Handb. Laubholzk. 1: 716 (1906)
Malus pumila var. paradisiaca (L.) C.K.Schneid. in Ill. Handb. Laubholzk. 1: 715 (1906)
Malus pumila f. pendula (R.Möller) C.K.Schneid. in Ill. Handb. Laubholzk. 1: 716 (1906)
Malus pumila var. persicifolia Popov in Trudy Prikl. Bot. 22: 432 (1929)
Malus pumila var. plena Bean in Hand-List Trees Shrubs, ed. 4: 181 (1934), nom. nud.
Malus pumila f. plena (Weston) Rehder in Bibliogr. Cult. Trees: 269 (1949)
Malus pumila subsp. praecox Mill. in Gard. Dict., ed. 8.: [s.p.] (1768)
Malus pumila var. praecox (Nyman) C.K.Schneid. in Ill. Handb. Laubholzk. 1: 715 (1906), not validly publ.
Malus pumila var. subsessilis C.K.Schneid. in Bot. Gaz. 63: 400 (1917)
Malus pumila f. translucens (Hartwig) C.K.Schneid. in Ill. Handb. Laubholzk. 1: 716 (1906)
Malus rambura Poit. et Turpin in Pomol. Franç. 4: Pommier n.° 51 (1846)
Malus rambura aestivalis Poit. et Turpin in Pomol. Franç. 4: Pommier n.° 51 (1846)
Malus santonum A.Sav. in Compt. Rend. Assoc. Franç. Avancem. Sci. Assoc. Sci. France 11: 428 (1882 publ. 1883)
Malus schischkinii Poljakov in Trudy Almatinsk. Gosud. Zapoved. 7: 154 (1949)
Malus sieversii (Ledeb.) M.Roem. in Fam. Nat. Syn. Monogr. 3: 216 (1847)
Malus sieversii var. anisophylla (Sumnev.) Ponomar. in Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 62: 827 (1977)
Malus sieversii var. anisophylla (Sumnev.) Langenf. in Daildarznieciba 8: 15 (1971)
Malus sieversii f. anisophylla (Sumnev.) Langenf. in Yablonya: 172 (1991)
Malus sieversii var. caspiriensis (Langenf.) Ponomar. in Sborn. Nauchn. Trudov Prikl. Bot. Genet. Selekts. 146: 8 (1992)
Malus sieversii f. cerea Bondarenko ex O.N.Korovina et N.M.Chernomorskya in Byull. Vsesoyuzn. Ordena Lenina Ordena Druzhby Narodov Nauchno-Issl. Inst. Rasteniev. N. I. Vavilova 81: 15 (1978)
Malus sieversii var. chitralensis (Vassilcz.) Ponomar. in Sborn. Nauchn. Trudov Prikl. Bot. Genet. Selekts. 146: 7 (1992)
Malus sieversii var. dilatata Kudr. in Fl. Uzbekistan. 3: 280 (1955)
Malus sieversii f. dragavzevii Bykov in Fl. Kazakhst. 4: 404 (1961)
Malus sieversii var. dulcis Kudr. in Fl. Uzbekistan. 3: 280 (1955)
Malus sieversii f. flava Bondarenko ex O.N.Korovina et N.M.Chernomorskya in Byull. Vsesoyuzn. Ordena Lenina Ordena Druzhby Narodov Nauchno-Issl. Inst. Rasteniev. N. I. Vavilova 81: 14 (1978)
Malus sieversii f. flavorosea Bondarenko ex O.N.Korovina et N.M.Chernomorskya in Byull. Vsesoyuzn. Ordena Lenina Ordena Druzhby Narodov Nauchno-Issl. Inst. Rasteniev. N. I. Vavilova 81: 15 (1978)
Malus sieversii f. flavorubens Bondarenko ex O.N.Korovina et N.M.Chernomorskya in Byull. Vsesoyuzn. Ordena Lenina Ordena Druzhby Narodov Nauchno-Issl. Inst. Rasteniev. N. I. Vavilova 81: 16 (1978)
Malus sieversii f. gilva Bondarenko ex O.N.Korovina et N.M.Chernomorskya in Byull. Vsesoyuzn. Ordena Lenina Ordena Druzhby Narodov Nauchno-Issl. Inst. Rasteniev. N. I. Vavilova 81: 17 (1978)
Malus sieversii var. hemisphaerica Kudr. in Fl. Uzbekistan. 3: 280 (1955)
Malus sieversii var. hissarica (Kudr.) Langenf. in Yablonya: 172 (1991)
Malus sieversii var. hissarica (Kudr.) Kudr. in Fl. Uzbekistan. 3: 280 (1955)
Malus sieversii var. hissarica (Kudr.) Ponomar. in Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 61: 998 (1976)
Malus sieversii subsp. hissarica (Kudr.) Likhonos in Trudy Prikl. Bot. 52(3): 24 (1974)
Malus sieversii subsp. hissarica (Kudr.) Langenf. in Daildarznieciba 8: 15 (1971)
Malus sieversii f. insipida Bondarenko ex O.N.Korovina et N.M.Chernomorskya in Byull. Vsesoyuzn. Ordena Lenina Ordena Druzhby Narodov Nauchno-Issl. Inst. Rasteniev. N. I. Vavilova 81: 17 (1978)
Malus sieversii var. jarmolenkoi (Poljakov) Ponomar. in Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 62: 827 (1977)
Malus sieversii f. jarmolenkoi (Poljakov) Bykov in Fl. Kazakhst. 4: 404 (1961)
Malus sieversii var. juzepczukii (Vassilcz.) Ponomar. in Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 62: 827 (1977)
Malus sieversii var. kirghisorum (Al.Fed. et Fed.) Ponomar. in Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 62: 827 (1977)
Malus sieversii subsp. kirghisorum (Al.Fed. et Fed.) Likhonos ex Korovina in Katalog Mir. Koll. Vsesoyuzn. Nauchno-Issl. Inst. Zashch. Rast. 351: 63 (1982)
Malus sieversii var. kudrjaschevii (Sumnev.) Ponomar. in Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 62: 827 (1977)
Malus sieversii var. kudrjaschevii (Sumnev.) Langenf. in Daildarznieciba 8: 15 (1971)
Malus sieversii f. kudrjaschevii (Sumnev.) Langenf. in Yablonya: 172 (1991)
Malus sieversii f. laetevirida Bondarenko ex O.N.Korovina & N.M.Chernomorskya in Byull. Vsesoyuzn. Ordena Lenina Ordena Druzhby Narodov Nauchno-Issl. Inst. Rasteniev. N. I. Vavilova 81: 16 (1978)
Malus sieversii f. linczevskii (Poljakov) Langenf. in Yablonya: 172 (1991)
Malus sieversii f. linczevskii (Poljakov) Bykov in Fl. Kazakhst. 4: 404 (1961)
Malus sieversii var. linczevskii (Poljakov) Ponomar. in Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 62: 827 (1977)
Malus sieversii var. linczevskii (Poljakov) Langenf. in Daildarznieciba 8: 15 (1971)
Malus sieversii var. longicarpa Bykov in Fl. Kazakhst. 4: 404 (1961)
Malus sieversii f. longicarpa (Bykov) Langenf. in Yablonya: 172 (1991)
Malus sieversii f. media Bondarenko ex O.N.Korovina & N.M.Chernomorskya in Byull. Vsesoyuzn. Ordena Lenina Ordena Druzhby Narodov Nauchno-Issl. Inst. Rasteniev. N. I. Vavilova 81: 15 (1978)
Malus sieversii f. niedzwetzkyana (Dieck) Langenf. in Yablonya: 171 (1991)
Malus sieversii var. niedzwetzkyana (Dieck) Langenf. in Daildarznieciba 8: 15 (1971)
Malus sieversii f. ochrorubra Bondarenko ex O.N.Korovina & N.M.Chernomorskya in Byull. Vsesoyuzn. Ordena Lenina Ordena Druzhby Narodov Nauchno-Issl. Inst. Rasteniev. N. I. Vavilova 81: 16 (1978)
Malus sieversii var. pamiralaica Kudr. in Fl. Uzbekistan. 3: 280 (1955)
Malus sieversii f. pavlovii Bykov in Fl. Kazakhst. 4: 404 (1961)
Malus sieversii var. persicifolia (Popov) Ponomar. in Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 62: 827 (1977)
Malus sieversii f. poljakovii Bykov in Fl. Kazakhst. 4: 404 (1961)
Malus sieversii f. pomacea Bondarenko ex O.N.Korovina & N.M.Chernomorskya in Byull. Vsesoyuzn. Ordena Lenina Ordena Druzhby Narodov Nauchno-Issl. Inst. Rasteniev. N. I. Vavilova 81: 15 (1978)
Malus sieversii f. purpureofasciata Bondarenko ex O.N.Korovina & N.M.Chernomorskya in Byull. Vsesoyuzn. Ordena Lenina Ordena Druzhby Narodov Nauchno-Issl. Inst. Rasteniev. N. I. Vavilova 81: 16 (1978)
Malus sieversii f. reflexa Zaprjagaeva in Fl. Tadzhiksk. S.S.R. 4: 342 (1975)
Malus sieversii f. rubrifasciata Bondarenko ex O.N.Korovina & N.M.Chernomorskya in Byull. Vsesoyuzn. Ordena Lenina Ordena Druzhby Narodov Nauchno-Issl. Inst. Rasteniev. N. I. Vavilova 81: 16 (1978)
Malus sieversii f. rubrolateralis Bondarenko ex O.N.Korovina & N.M.Chernomorskya in Byull. Vsesoyuzn. Ordena Lenina Ordena Druzhby Narodov Nauchno-Issl. Inst. Rasteniev. N. I. Vavilova 81: 17 (1978)
Malus sieversii var. schischkinii (Poljakov) Ponomar. in Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 62: 827 (1977)
Malus sieversii f. schischkinii (Poljakov) Bykov in Fl. Kazakhst. 4: 404 (1961)
Malus sieversii var. spherocarpa Bykov in Fl. Kazakhst. 4: 404 (1961)
Malus sieversii f. spherocarpa (Bykov) Langenf. in Yablonya: 172 (1991)
Malus sieversii f. suffusa Bondarenko ex O.N.Korovina & N.M.Chernomorskya in Byull. Vsesoyuzn. Ordena Lenina Ordena Druzhby Narodov Nauchno-Issl. Inst. Rasteniev. N. I. Vavilova 81: 15 (1978)
Malus sieversii var. tianschanica (Sumnev.) Ponomar. in Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 62: 827 (1977)
Malus sieversii f. viridicerea Bondarenko ex O.N.Korovina & N.M.Chernomorskya in Byull. Vsesoyuzn. Ordena Lenina Ordena Druzhby Narodov Nauchno-Issl. Inst. Rasteniev. N. I. Vavilova 81: 15 (1978)
Malus sieversii f. viridifasciata Bondarenko ex O.N.Korovina & N.M.Chernomorskya in Byull. Vsesoyuzn. Ordena Lenina Ordena Druzhby Narodov Nauchno-Issl. Inst. Rasteniev. N. I. Vavilova 81: 16 (1978)
Malus sieversii f. viridirubra Bondarenko ex O.N.Korovina & N.M.Chernomorskya in Byull. Vsesoyuzn. Ordena Lenina Ordena Druzhby Narodov Nauchno-Issl. Inst. Rasteniev. N. I. Vavilova 81: 14 (1978)
Malus sieversii f. viridis Bondarenko ex O.N.Korovina & N.M.Chernomorskya in Byull. Vsesoyuzn. Ordena Lenina Ordena Druzhby Narodov Nauchno-Issl. Inst. Rasteniev. N. I. Vavilova 81: 14 (1978)
Malus sieversii f. viridula Bondarenko ex O.N.Korovina & N.M.Chernomorskya in Byull. Vsesoyuzn. Ordena Lenina Ordena Druzhby Narodov Nauchno-Issl. Inst. Rasteniev. N. I. Vavilova 81: 17 (1978)
Malus sieversii var. vvedenskyi Kudr. in Fl. Uzbekistan. 3: 280 (1955)
Malus sieversii f. xanthella Bondarenko ex O.N.Korovina & N.M.Chernomorskya in Byull. Vsesoyuzn. Ordena Lenina Ordena Druzhby Narodov Nauchno-Issl. Inst. Rasteniev. N. I. Vavilova 81: 16 (1978)
Malus spumosa Poit. et Turpin in Pomol. Franç. 4: Pommier n.° 9 (1846)
Malus sylvestris var. dasyphylla (Borkh.) Ponomar. in Sborn. Nauchn. Trudov Prikl. Bot. Genet. Selekts. 146: 4 (1992)
Malus sylvestris var. frutescens Münchh. in Hausvater 5: 247 (1770)
Malus sylvestris subsp. mitis (Wallr.) Mansf. in Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 49: 45 (1940)
Malus sylvestris var. niedzwetzkyana (Dieck) L.H.Bailey in Hortus Sec.: 457 (1941)
Malus sylvestris subsp. paradisiaca (L.) Soó in Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 9: 423 (1963)
Malus sylvestris var. paradisiaca (L.) L.H.Bailey in Hortus Sec.: 457 (1941)
Malus sylvestris subsp. praecox (Nyman) Soó in Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 9: 423 (1963)
Malus sylvestris var. praecox (Nyman) Ponomar. in Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 62: 824 (1977)
Malus sylvestris subsp. pumila (Mill.) Domin in Preslia 13-15: 133 (1935)
Malus sylvestris subsp. sieversii (Ledeb.) Soó in Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 9: 423 (1963)
Malus sylvestris var. tomentosa Holandre in Fl. Moselle, ed. 2, 1: 246 (1843)
Malus sylvestris var. tomentosa W.D.J.Koch ex Schur in Enum. Pl. Transsilv.: 208 (1866), nom. illeg.
Malus tatarica K.Koch in Dendrologie 1: 204 (1869)
Malus tianschanica Sumnev. in Fl. Uzbekistan. 3: 795 (1955)
Malus turbinoides A.Sav. in Compt. Rend. Assoc. Franç. Avancem. Sci. Assoc. Sci. France 11: 429 (1882 publ. 1883)
Malus umbellata Gilib. in Fl. Lit. Inch. 2: 235 (1782), not validly publ.
Malus upsalensis Dippel in Handb. Laubholzk. 3: 394 (1893)
Malus violacea Poit. et Turpin in H.L.Duhamel du Monceau, Traité Arbr. Fruit. 5: n.° 44 (1835)
Malus violacea eyresii Poit. et Turpin in H.L.Duhamel du Monceau, Traité Arbr. Fruit. 5: n.° 44 (1835)
Malus viridis A.Sav. in Compt. Rend. Assoc. Franç. Avancem. Sci. Assoc. Sci. France 11: 431 (1882 publ. 1883)
Pyrenia malus Clairv. in Man. Herbor. Suisse: 162 (1811)
Pyrus apiosa Steud. in Nomencl. Bot. 1: 670 (1821), not validly publ.
Pyrus armeniacifolia Dochnahl in Obstk. 1: 16 (1855), not validly publ.
Pyrus astracanica (Dum.Cours.) DC. in Prodr. 2: 635 (1825)
Pyrus cavillea Steud. in Nomencl. Bot. 1: 670 (1821)
Pyrus cestiana Steud. in Nomencl. Bot. 1: 670 (1821)
Pyrus chitralensis (Vassilcz.) M.F.Fay et Christenh. in Global Fl. 4: 100 (2018)
Pyrus dioica Moench in Verz. Ausländ. Bäume: 87 (1785), nom. rej.
Pyrus divisa Link in Enum. Hort. Berol. Alt. 2: 38 (1822)
Pyrus epirotica Steud. in Nomencl. Bot. 1: 670 (1821)
Pyrus eryostyla (Moris) Guss. in Fl. Sicul. Prodr., Suppl.: 154 (1832)
Pyrus fontanesia Poit. et Turpin in H.L.Duhamel du Monceau, Traité Arbr. Fruit. 4: n.° 79 (1835)
Pyrus fontanesiana (Spach) Steud. in Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2, 2: 423 (1841)
Pyrus kirghisorum (Al.Fed. et Fed.) M.F.Fay et Christenh. in Global Fl. 4: 109 (2018)
Pyrus malus L. in Sp. Pl.: 479 (1753)
Pyrus malus var. abortiva Druce in Rep. Bot. Soc. Exch. Club Brit. Isles 7: 35 (1924)
Pyrus malus var. amara Hartm. in Handb. Skand. Fl., ed. 2: 136 (1832)
Pyrus malus monstr. apetala (Poit. et Turpin) Asch. et Graebn. in Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. 6(2): 78 (1906)
Pyrus malus var. apetala (Poit. et Turpin) L.H.Bailey in Stand. Cycl. Hort. 5: 2871 (1917)
Pyrus malus apetala Münchh. in Hausvater 5(1): 247 (1770), not validly publ.
Pyrus malus var. appiana Plinius ex Schübl. et G.Martens in Fl. Würtemberg: 316 (1834)
Pyrus malus var. astracanica (Dum.Cours.) Loudon ex L.H.Bailey in Stand. Cycl. Hort. 5: 2870 (1916)
Pyrus malus lusus aucubifolia (J.R.Booth ex G.Kirchn.) Asch. et Graebn. in Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. 6(2): 78 (1906)
Pyrus malus var. aucubifolia J.R.Booth ex G.Kirchn. in E.A.Petzold & G.Kirchner, Arbor. Muscav.: 320 (1864)
Pyrus malus var. austera Wallr. in Sched. Crit.: 215 (1822)
Pyrus malus var. cavillea L. in Sp. Pl., ed. 2.: 686 (1762)
Pyrus malus var. cestiana L. in Sp. Pl.: 479 (1753)
Pyrus malus conica Dierb. in Syst. Uebers. Heidelb. Gewächse: 160 (1827)
Pyrus malus subsp. conocarpa Schübl. et G.Martens in Fl. Würtemberg: 315 (1834)
Pyrus malus costata Dierb. in Syst. Uebers. Heidelb. Gewächse: 156 (1827)
Pyrus malus subsp. costata (Dierb.) Schübl. et G.Martens in Fl. Würtemberg: 315 (1834)
Pyrus malus var. dasyphylla (Borkh.) Gremli in Excursionsfl. Schweiz: 173 (1878)
Pyrus malus proles dasyphylla (Borkh.) Asch. et Graebn. in Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. 6(2): 77 (1906)
Pyrus malus var. epirotica L. in Sp. Pl.: 480 (1753)
Pyrus malus var. eriostyla Moris in Stirp. Sard. Elench. 2: 3 (1828)
Pyrus malus floribunda Tipping in Garden (London, 1871-1927) 80: 287 (1916)
Pyrus malus var. frutescens (Münchh.) Borkh. in Vers. Forstbot. Beschr.: 175 (1790)
Pyrus malus frutescens Münchh. in Hausvater 5(1): 247 (1770), not validly publ.
Pyrus malus fruticosa Dierb. in Syst. Uebers. Heidelb. Gewächse: 155 (1827)
Pyrus malus var. hortensis Willk. in M.Willkomm & J.M.C.Lange, Prodr. Fl. Hispan. 3: 194 (1874)
Pyrus malus subsp. hortensis Cout. in Fl. Portugal: 290 (1913)
Pyrus malus hortensis Willk. in M.Willkomm & J.M.C.Lange, Prodr. Fl. Hispan. 3: 194 (1874)
Pyrus malus subsp. megamila Schübl. et G.Martens in Fl. Würtemberg: 317 (1834)
Pyrus malus var. minor K.Koch in Linnaea 19: 43 (1847)
Pyrus malus subsp. mitis (Wallr.) Syme in J.E.Smith, Engl. Bot., ed. 3, 3: 256 (1864)
Pyrus malus var. mitis Wallr. in Sched. Crit.: 215 (1822)
Pyrus malus var. niedzwetzkyana (Dieck) Asch. et Graebn. in Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. 6(2): 78 (1906)
Pyrus malus lusus nigra (Dippel) Asch. et Graebn. in Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. 6(2): 78 (1906)
Pyrus malus oblongus N.Terracc. in Annuario Reale Ist. Bot. Roma 4: 107 (1891)
Pyrus malus subsp. paradisiaca (L.) Schübl. et G.Martens in Fl. Würtemberg: 315 (1834)
Pyrus malus var. paradisiaca L. in Sp. Pl.: 479 (1753)
Pyrus malus proles paradisiaca (L.) Asch. et Graebn. in Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. 6(2): 76 (1906)
Pyrus malus pendula R.Möller in Gart.-Zeitung (Berlin) 3: 402 (1884)
Pyrus malus var. pendula (R.Möller) L.H.Bailey in Stand. Cycl. Hort. 5: 2871 (1916)
Pyrus malus lusus pendula (R.Möller) Asch. & Graebn. in Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. 6(2): 78 (1906)
Pyrus malus plana Dierb. in Syst. Uebers. Heidelb. Gewächse: 160 (1827)
Pyrus malus plena Weston in Bot. Univ. 1: 230 (1770)
Pyrus malus var. plena L.H.Bailey in Stand. Cycl. Hort. 5: 2871 (1916)
Pyrus malus pleniflora Münchh. in Hausvater 5(1): 247 (1770), not validly publ.
Pyrus malus subsp. praecox Nyman in Consp. Fl. Eur.: 240 (1878)
Pyrus malus var. prasomila L. in Sp. Pl.: 479 (1753)
Pyrus malus subsp. prasomila (L.) Schübl. et G.Martens in Fl. Würtemberg: 317 (1834)
Pyrus malus var. pumila (Mill.) A.Henry in H.J.Elwes et A.Henry, Trees Great Britain 6: 1570 (1912)
Pyrus malus subsp. pumila (Mill.) Asch. & Graebn. in Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. 6(2): 75 (1906)
Pyrus malus regia Dierb. in Syst. Uebers. Heidelb. Gewächse: 158 (1827)
Pyrus malus rosea Dierb. in Syst. Uebers. Heidelb. Gewächse: 157 (1827)
Pyrus malus var. rossica Litv. in Fl. Sred. Pol. Ussr: 198 (1917)
Pyrus malus var. rubelliana L. in Sp. Pl.: 479 (1753)
Pyrus malus sargentii Anon. in J. Roy. Hort. Soc. 41(2): cxix (1915)
Pyrus malus var. sativa Weston in Bot. Univ. 1: 230 (1770), nom. nud.
Pyrus malus var. sativa Stokes in Bot. Mat. Med. 3: 117-118 (1812), nom. illeg.
Pyrus malus var. sieversii (Ledeb.) Wenz. in Linnaea 38: 32 (1873)
Pyrus malus var. strepens Schübl. et G.Martens in Fl. Würtemberg: 316 (1834)
Pyrus malus subsp. striata Schübl. et G.Martens in Fl. Würtemberg: 317 (1834)
Pyrus malus striatofasciata Dierb. in Syst. Uebers. Heidelb. Gewächse: 157 (1827)
Pyrus malus var. tomentosa Neilr. in Fl. Nied.-Oesterr.: 886 (1859), nom. illeg.
Pyrus malus tomentosa Ledeb. in Fl. Ross. 2: 96 (1843)
Pyrus malus var. tomentosa W.D.J.Koch in Syn. Fl. Germ. Helv.: 235 (1836)
Pyrus malus transitoria Anon. in Garden (London, 1871-1927) 86: 493 (1922)
Pyrus malus f. translucens Voss in Vilm. Blumengärtn., ed. 3. 1: 276 (1894)
Pyrus malus var. translucens Hartwig in Ill. Gehölzb.: 266 (1892)
Pyrus malus lusus translucens (Hartwig) Asch. et Graebn. in Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. 6(2): 78 (1906)
Pyrus malus var. ussuriensis Rupr. ex Koehne in Deut. Dendrol.: 245 (1893)
Pyrus malus var. wojejkowii Litv. in Fl. Sred. Pol. Ussr: 198 (1917)
Pyrus niedzwetzkyana (Dieck) Hemsl. in Bot. Mag. 130: t. 7975 (1904)
Pyrus paris M.F.Fay et Christenh. in Global Fl. 4: 115 (2018)
Pyrus pollveria Lej. in Fl. Spa 2: 311 (1813), sensu auct.
Pyrus praecox Pall. in Fl. Ross. 1: 22 (1784), nom. superfl., nom. rej.
Pyrus prasomila (L.) Steud. in Nomencl. Bot. 1: 670 (1821)
Pyrus pulverulenta K.Koch in Dendrologie 1: 208 (1869)
Pyrus pumila (Mill.) Steud. in Nomencl. Bot. 1: 671 (1821)
Pyrus rubelliana Steud. in Nomencl. Bot. 1: 671 (1821)
Pyrus saxatilis Schltdl. ex Ledeb. in Fl. Ross. 2: 97 (1843)
Pyrus sieversii Bunge in C.F.von Ledebour, Fl. Altaic. 2: 222 (1830)
Pyrus songarica Fisch. ex Juz. in V.L.Komarov (ed.), Fl. URSS 9: 363 (1939)
Pyrus sylvestris var. sativa Gray in Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl. 2: 562 (1821 publ. 1822)
Sorbus malus (L.) Crantz in Stirp. Austr. Fasc. 2: 57 (1763)
-------------------------------------------
Publications:
POWO follows these authorities in accepting this name:
Ackerfield, J. (2015). Flora of Colorado: 1-818. BRIT Press.
Brako, L. & Zarucchi, J.L. (1993). Catalogue of the Flowering Plants and Gymnosperms of Peru. Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden 45: i-xl, 1-1286. Missouri Botanical Garden.
Hnatiuk, R.J. (1990). Census of Australian vascular plants. Australian Flora and Fauna Series 11: 1-650.
Mirek, Z., Piękoś-Mirkowa, H., Zając, A. & Zając, M (2020). Vascular plants of Poland an annotated checklist: 1-526. W. Szafer institute of botany, Polish academy of sciences, Krakow, Poland.
Ovczinnikov, P.N. (ed.) (1975). Flora Tadzhikskoi SSR 4: 1-576. Izd-vo Akademii nauk SSSR, Moskva.
Ri͡abinina, Z.N. & Kni͡azev, M.S. (2009). Opredelitel sosudistykh rastenii Orenburgskoi oblasti: 1-757. Moskva: KMK.
Zuloaga, F.O., Morrone, O. , Belgrano, M.J., Marticorena, C. & Marchesi, E. (eds.) (2008). Catálogo de las Plantas Vasculares del Cono Sur. Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden 107: 1-3348. Missouri Botanical Garden.
de Salas, MF, Baker, ML (2022). A Census of the Vascular Plants of Tasmania, including Macquarie Island: 1-161. Tasmanian Herbarium, Tasmanian Museum and Art Gallery, Hobart. flora.tmag.tas.gov.au/resources/census.
---------------------
An alternative taxonomy had been proposed by the following authorities:
Allred, K.W. (2012). Flora Neomexicana, ed. 2, 1: 1-599. Range Science Herbarium, Las Cruces, New Mexico. [Cited as Malus pumila.]
Chang, C.S., Kim, H. & Chang, K.S. (2014). Provisional checklist of vascular plants for the Korea peninsula flora (KPF): 1-660. DESIGNPOST. [Cited as Malus pumila.]
Dobignard, A. & Chatelain, C. (2013). Index synonymique de la flore d'Afrique du nord 5: 1-451. Éditions des conservatoire et jardin botaniques, Genève. [Cited as Malus pumila.]
Grierson, A.J.C. & Long, D.G. (1987). Flora of Bhutan 1(3): 466-834. Royal Botanic Gardens, Edinburgh. [Cited as Malus pumila.]
Lambion, J., Delvosalle, L. & Duvigneaud, J. (2004). Nouvelle flore de la Belgique du G. D. de Luxembourg, du Nord de la France et des régions voisines, ed. 5: 1-1167. Edition du Patrimoine du Jardin botanique national de Belgique. [Cited as Malus sylvestris subsp. mitis.]
Landrein, S. & al. (2017). Flora of Pakistan 221: 1-161. Department of Botany, University of Karachi, Karachi. [Cited as Malus pumila.]
Watson, M.F. & al. (eds.) (2011). Flora of Nepal 3: 1-425. Royal Botanic Gardens, Edinburgh. [Cited as Malus pumila.]
---------------------
Kew Backbone Distributions:
Allred, K.W. (2012). Flora Neomexicana, ed. 2, 1: 1-599. Range Science Herbarium, Las Cruces, New Mexico.
Bailey, C. & al. (2015). Guide to the Vascular Plants of Tennessee: 1-813. University of Tennessee press.
Browicz, K. & al. (1969). Rosaceae I. Flora Iranica 66: 1-217. Naturhistorisches Museums Wien.
Chang, C.S., Kim, H. & Chang, K.S. (2014). Provisional checklist of vascular plants for the Korea peninsula flora (KPF): 1-660. DESIGNPOST.
Flora of North America Editorial Committee (2014). Flora of North America North of Mexico 9: 1-713. Oxford University Press, New York, Oxford.
Grierson, A.J.C. & Long, D.G. (1987). Flora of Bhutan 1(3): 466-834. Royal Botanic Gardens, Edinburgh.
Hansen, A. & Sunding, P. (1993). Flora of Macaronesia. Checklist of vascular plants. 4. revised edition. Sommerfeltia 17: 1-295.
Hnatiuk, R.J. (1990). Census of Australian vascular plants. Australian Flora and Fauna Series 11: 1-650.
Jørgensen, P.M. & León-Yánez, S. (eds.) (1999). Catalogue of the Vascular Plants of Ecuador. Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden 75: i-viii, 1-1181. Missouri Botanical Garden.
Korovin, E.P. & Vvedensky, A.I. (eds.) (1955). Flora Uzbekistana 3: 1-824. Izd-va Akademii nauk Uzbekskoi SSR, Tashkent.
Kral, R., Diamond, A.R., Ginzbarg, S.L., Hansen, C.J., Haynes, R.R., Keener, B.R., Lelong, M.G., Spaulding, D.D. & Woods, M. (2011). Annotated checklist of the vascular plants of Alabama: 1-112. Botanical reseach institute of Texas.
Kurtto, A., Sennikov, A.N. & Lampinen, R. (2013). Atlas Florae Europaeae. Distribution of vascular plants in Europe 16: 1-168.
Landrein, S. & al. (2017). Flora of Pakistan 221: 1-161. Department of Botany, University of Karachi, Karachi.
Lazkov, G.A. & Sultanova, B.A. (2011). Checklist of vascular plants of Kyrgyzstan. Norrlinia 24: 1-166.
Meikle, R.D. (1977). Flora of Cyprus 1: 1-832. The Bentham-Moxon Trust Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
Mohlenbrock, R.H. (2014). Vascular Flora of Illinois. A Field Guide, ed. 4: 1-536. Southern Illinois University Press, Carbondale.
Nikitin, V.V. (ed.) (1949). Flora Turkmenii 4: 1-364. Turkmenskoe gosudarstvennoe izd., Ashkhabad.
Ovczinnikov, P.N. (ed.) (1975). Flora Tadzhikskoi SSR 4: 1-576. Izd-vo Akademii nauk SSSR, Moskva.
Paelov, N.V. (ed.) in Pavlov, N.V. (ed.) (1961). Flora Kazakhstana 4: 1-546. Alma-Ata, Izd-vo Akademii nauk Kazakhskoi SSR.
Shevtsov, V. (2022). Personal Communication on South European Russia. 1.
Townsend, C.C. & Guest, E. (1966). Flora of Iraq 2: 1-184. Ministry of Agriculture & Agrarian Reform, Baghdad.
Watson, M.F. & al. (eds.) (2011). Flora of Nepal 3: 1-425. Royal Botanic Gardens, Edinburgh.
Wu, Z. & Raven, P.H. (eds.) (2003). Flora of China 9: 1-494. Science Press (Beijing) & Missouri Botanical Garden Press (St. Louis).
Zhao, Y.Z., Zhao, L.Q. & Rui, C. (eds.) (2019). Flora Intramongolica, edition 3 2: 1-579. Typis Intramongolicae popularis, Huhhot.
Zuloaga, F.O., Morrone, O. , Belgrano, M.J., Marticorena, C. & Marchesi, E. (eds.) (2008). Catálogo de las Plantas Vasculares del Cono Sur. Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden 107: 1-3348. Missouri Botanical Garden.
de Salas, MF, Baker, ML (2022). A Census of the Vascular Plants of Tasmania, including Macquarie Island: 1-161. Tasmanian Herbarium, Tasmanian Museum and Art Gallery, Hobart. flora.tmag.tas.gov.au/resources/census.
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Useful Plants and Fungi of Colombia:
Bernal, R., Gradstein, S.R., & Celis, M. (eds.). (2020). Catálogo de Plantas y Líquenes de Colombia. v1.1. Universidad Nacional de Colombia. Dataset/Checklist. doi.org/10.15472/7avdhn
Cámara-Leret, R., & Dennehy, Z. (2019). Information gaps in indigenous and local knowledge for science-policy assessments. Nature Sustainability 2:736-741.
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Canon EOS M100
Canon New FD Macro 50mm F3.5