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A normal US municipal, wet-barrel fire hydrant is shown. The hydrant offers two 2½-inch (6.35cm) National Hose Thread connections and a 4½-inch (~11.43cm) National Hose Thread connection.
The modern buzzword in public safety is interoperability. The 2½-inch National Hose Thread connections are a United States nationwide standard. There's probably a small number of community water systems that use hose and hydrants with pipe thread or some other non-standard thread. Generally, one could drive a fire engine from Texas to California — or from California to Texas — and your 2½-inch hose should connect to the fire hydrants.
What's the difference between a wet barrel and a dry barrel hydrant? It's just like the name implies: a wet barrel has water inside it at all times. A dry barrel has water only after you turn it on.
Wet barrel:
* Has a valve for each opening or connection.
* Will imitate a geyser if broken off by a collision.
* Has more parts to maintain, (three valves in this case).
* Does not require you to turn off the water to add more hose connections.
* Might freeze in severe cold weather.
Dry barrel:
* Has one valve at the top of the hydrant for all openings or connections.
* Will lay on the ground and get in the way if broken off by a collision.
* Has fewer parts to maintain, (one valve in the base).
* Requires you to turn off the water during a fire to add more hose connections.
* The water below ground would have to freeze to affect the hydrant.
Need to add hose connections during a fire? If you have a dry barrel hydrant, depending on conditions everybody my have to back out of the building until the water is back on.
The fire agency, water company, county, or city water department would make decisions about what kinds of hydrants are used in your neighborhood. In the US, hydrant standards are created by American Water Works Association (AWWA) and National Fire Protection Association (NFPA).
People shown are practicing laying a five-inch supply line (hose) from a hydrant to a simulated fire scene. In my opinion, when you've done this so many times that you don't have to think about the steps, training is complete.
"My girl don't go for smokin'
And liquor just make her flinch
Seem she'll go for nothin'
'Cept for my big five inch"
(Apologies to Fred Weismantel and Aerosmith)
Is your "girl" the fire chief?
Journalism Grade Image
Source: 2,100x2,900 pixel 16-bit TIF file.
Please do not copy this image for any purpose.
At the start of 2016 I'll share a sunrise over the city of Izmir, that used to be Smyrna during the Greek period. Sunsets are more about what's ended, sunrises look forward. The words of the Risen Christ to the church in this town were "I know about your suffering and your poverty—but you are rich!"
As a civil engineer, my contribution to the celebration of Thomas Telford's life (born 260 years ago). The bridge was built in 1809 and still does the job !
A street portrait of a civil engineering worker with a hammer in hand. He is in his years, he is skilled and experienced. His look is somewhat sly and ironic. A true master never fades away. Black and white photo.
Two people working on the new highway 44 bridge over the St. Johns River in the early morning fog. The new bridge replaces the old drawbridge allowing both road and river traffic to flow unimpeded.
Hoover Dam is a concrete arch-gravity dam in the Black Canyon of the Colorado River, on the border between the U.S. states of Nevada and Arizona. It was constructed between 1931 and 1936 during the Great Depression and was dedicated on September 30, 1935, by President Franklin D. Roosevelt. Its construction was the result of a massive effort involving thousands of workers, and cost over one hundred lives. Originally known as Boulder Dam from 1933, it was officially renamed Hoover Dam, for President Herbert Hoover, by a joint resolution of Congress in 1947. Since about 1900, the Black Canyon and nearby Boulder Canyon had been investigated for their potential to support a dam that would control floods, provide irrigation water and produce hydroelectric power. In 1928, Congress authorized the project. The winning bid to build the dam was submitted by a consortium called Six Companies, Inc., which began construction on the dam in early 1931. Such a large concrete structure had never been built before, and some of the techniques were unproven. The torrid summer weather and lack of facilities near the site also presented difficulties. Nevertheless, Six Companies turned the dam over to the federal government on March 1, 1936, more than two years ahead of schedule. Hoover Dam impounds Lake Mead, the largest reservoir in the United States by volume (when it is full). The dam is located near Boulder City, Nevada, a municipality originally constructed for workers on the construction project, about 30 mi (48 km) southeast of Las Vegas, Nevada. The dam's generators provide power for public and private utilities in Nevada, Arizona, and California. Hoover Dam is a major tourist attraction; nearly a million people tour the dam each year. The heavily traveled U.S. Route 93 (US 93) ran along the dam's crest until October 2010, when the Hoover Dam Bypass opened. As the United States developed the Southwest, the Colorado River was seen as a potential source of irrigation water. An initial attempt at diverting the river for irrigation purposes occurred in the late 1890s, when land speculator William Beatty built the Alamo Canal just north of the Mexican border; the canal dipped into Mexico before running to a desolate area Beatty named the Imperial Valley. Though water from the Imperial Canal allowed for the widespread settlement of the valley, the canal proved expensive to maintain. After a catastrophic breach that caused the Colorado River to fill the Salton Sea, the Southern Pacific Railroad spent $3 million in 1906–07 to stabilize the waterway, an amount it hoped in vain would be reimbursed by the Federal Government. Even after the waterway was stabilized, it proved unsatisfactory because of constant disputes with landowners on the Mexican side of the border. As the technology of electric power transmission improved, the Lower Colorado was considered for its hydroelectric-power potential. In 1902, the Edison Electric Company of Los Angeles surveyed the river in the hope of building a 40-foot (12 m) rock dam which could generate 10,000 horsepower (7,500 kW). However, at the time, the limit of transmission of electric power was 80 miles (130 km), and there were few customers (mostly mines) within that limit. Edison allowed land options it held on the river to lapse—including an option for what became the site of Hoover Dam. In the following years, the Bureau of Reclamation (BOR), known as the Reclamation Service at the time, also considered the Lower Colorado as the site for a dam. Service chief Arthur Powell Davis proposed using dynamite to collapse the walls of Boulder Canyon, 20 miles (32 km) north of the eventual dam site, into the river. The river would carry off the smaller pieces of debris, and a dam would be built incorporating the remaining rubble. In 1922, after considering it for several years, the Reclamation Service finally rejected the proposal, citing doubts about the unproven technique and questions as to whether it would in fact save money.
This graffiti was photographed under an old rusty railroad trestle in historic downtown Melbourne, Florida. Prints, and many other items, are available on my website at www.tom-claud.pixels.com.
The Roosevelt Bridge disappears in the fog is Stuart, Florida. Prints, and many other items, are available with this image on my website at www.tom-claud.pixels.com.
This view was photographed under the Roosevelt Bridge in Stuart, Florida. Prints, and many other items, are available with this image on my website at www.tom-claud.pixels.com. Thanks for visiting!
Photograph of the Forth Bridge works at Inchgarvie from wind gauge on castle ruins. Here we have a picture not unlike many others, but with a rather different foreground and less detail. The staging being partially removed, the lower portion of the structure stands out boldly, and the general effect is pleasing. Sheds to the right in the foreground are those containing electric light machinery, &c, while the platform to the left is the landing stage for passenger boats, with a background conspicuous in which will be noticed top of a temporary Caisson still intact. The method adopted for supporting diagonal struts independently of chains, is here shown in the shape of the small lattice girders running parallel to the portion of bottom members directly underneath. Transcription from: Philip Phillips, 'The Forth Railway Bridge', Edinburgh, 1890.
The Ribblehead Viaduct or Batty Moss Viaduct carries the Settle-Carlisle Railway across Batty Moss in the valley of the River Ribble at Ribblehead, in North Yorkshire, England. The viaduct, built by the Midland Railway, is 28 miles (45 km) north-west of Skipton and 26 miles (42 km) south-east of Kendal. It is a Grade II* listed structure.
The Roosevelt Bridge glows gold on a foggy night in Stuart, Florida. Prints, and many other items, are available with this image on my website at www.tom-claud.pixels.com. Thanks for visiting!
Photograph of the Queensferry cantilever and 8 spans of approach viaduct. One of the few views showing approach viaduct south side, but has a slight defect in its perspective, on which account a better view was afterwords secured, and is therefore to be preferred. Transcription from: Philip Phillips, 'The Forth Railway Bridge', Edinburgh, 1890.
The lights sparkle at night at the Saint Lucie Lock and Dam in Stuart, Florida. Prints, and many other items, are available with this image on my website at www.tom-claud.pixels.com. Click on the link and thanks for visiting!
Capacité de la décapeuse : 28,28 m³
Travaux de terrassement de la tranche 3 de ZAC Europôle 2 de la Communauté d'Agglomération Sarreguemines visant à créer 3 plateformes pour un total de 234 915 m².
Pays : France 🇫🇷
Région : Grand Est (Lorraine)
Département : Moselle (57)
Ville : Hambach (57910)
Adresse : ZAC Europôle 2
Construction : Avril 2025 → Novembre 2025
A large crane for lifting heavy concrete bridge sections alongside the new bridge over the St. Johns River at Deland, Florida, in Volusia County.
A pylon for the new Hwy 44 bridge over the St. Johns River at DeLand, Florida stands up against a cloud-spangled sky. Shot in digital infrared.
The new Hwy 44 bridge over the Saint Johns River as seen from below. The two cranes in the background are to lift the concrete beams into place on the pylons. Shot in digital infrared where the bridge crosses the river west of DeLand, Florida.
The underside of this rusty old railroad trestle was seen in historic downtown Melbourne, Florida. Prints, and many other items, are available on my website at www.tom-claud.pixels.com.
Arriving right on time at 6:52pm, a Metra "Surfliner" rolls into the west-suburban Bartlett station on the Milwaukee-West District. An interesting quirk of this stop is that when they built the new station (visible in the back right), they retained the platform from the old station (that I'm standing on) on Main 1 for westbound trains. This allows westbounds to clear the main street through downtown, as opposed to blocking it every time they pull into town.
This is Metra's train 2239, an all-stops local from Union Station to Elgin's Big Timber Rd.
The leader, F59PHi no 81 came to Metra in 2019 from Amtrak California, where it had been serving on the Pacific Surfliners. It was built by EMD in 1998, and arguably, its retirement gig is more taxing than its "career."
Calm water reflects the bright lights in this night shot at the Saint Lucie Lock and Dam in Stuart, Florida. Prints, and many other items, are available on my website at www.tom-claud.pixels.com. Click on the link and thanks for visiting!
The Oshawa Military and Industrial Museum (Map) is an accredited Canadian Forces Museum located in Oshawa, Ontario, Canada. The museum, more commonly known as The Ontario Regiment (RCAC) 'Ferret Club', traces its roots in Oshawa to 1980, having grown to become the Historic Vehicle Section of the Ontario Regiment (RCAC) Museum. The museum's maintainers are a uniquely skilled and dedicated group of volunteer civilian military vehicle enthusiasts and include several current and former members of The Ontario Regiment (RCAC), other units of the Canadian Forces, the Canadian Army, Royal Canadian Armoured Corps, Royal Canadian Electrical and Mechanical Engineers, Royal Canadian Army Service Corps and the Royal Canadian Army Cadets. [Source: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oshawa_Military_and_Industrial_Museum]
Upper structure of the 1932 railroad swing bridge over the St. Johns River at Lake Monroe. Shot in digital infrared.