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A long exposure photograph taken inside the Ryfylke Tunnel in Rogaland, Norway. Connecting Tau and Stavanger beneath the fjord, the tunnel is one of the world's longest and deepest subsea road tunnels. The 0.8-second exposure transforms the illuminated tunnel walls into sweeping bands of green and yellow light, creating a sense of speed, energy and movement while emphasizing the scale and engineering achievement hidden beneath the sea.
Fun fact: The Ryfylke Tunnel is part of the Ryfast project and reaches a depth of about 292 metres below sea level, making it one of the deepest subsea road tunnels in the world.
A candid street photo of a group of construction workers and engineers. One of them closely studies the construction drawng. Two others look at the strong concrete wall in the background. Was something done or built the wrong way, in the wrong place, to the wrong direction? The history is silent about it. Yes, they built up a nice modern building finally. With no errors. If there were any mistakes, they were buried under a thick layer of concrete and earth. Black and white version.
One of the giant lifting machines that make up one of the largest movable flood barriers in the world. Taken just before dawn, one a morning with very little colour or texture in the sky.
Pakenham Five Arch Stone bridge
“One of the most interesting structures in Pakenham is the Five Arch Stone Bridge. In 1901, the engineering firm of O’Toole and Keating built the only five arch stone bridge of its kind in all of North America. The bridge was built for the princely sum of $14,500. At the time, the bridge was built 268 feet in length, 25 feet width and 22 feet high. Each of the five arches are 40 feet wide and the piers are each 8 feet thick! The largest stone in the bridge is 9 feet long and 2-1/2 feet square, and weighs over 5 tons.”
Note: Despite this source’s information, I have read that there is in fact another five arch stone bridge in North America - the second is in Avon, NY, and was allegedly built for and used as a rail bridge.
Source: www.mysteriesofcanada.com/ontario/stone-arch-bridge/
A view up the River Thames towards central London. Photo taken on a bright, beautiful & hot day in London from Butlers Wharf with my Samsung phone Camera.
Tower Bridge is a Grade I listed combined bascule and suspension bridge in London, built between 1886 and 1894, designed by Horace Jones and engineered by John Wolfe Barry. The bridge crosses the River Thames close to the Tower of London and is one of five London bridges owned and maintained by the Bridge House Estates, a charitable trust founded in 1282. The bridge was constructed to give better access to the East End of London, which had expanded its commercial potential in the 19th century. The bridge was opened by Edward, Prince of Wales and Alexandra, Princess of Wales in 1894.
Pontcysyllte Aqueduct and Canal World Heritage
Site.
The Hand Carving:
◇◇◇◇◇
This is a two metre tall
Sculpture of a Hand carved from limestone by Artist - Anthony Lysycia.
Located at the head of the aqeduct's towpath near Trevor Basin.
The sculpture was created to represent the many labourers who toiled to build the aqeduct and the Llangollen canal, with the design depicting local industry and the effort of the workers.
It was installed as part of the aqeduct's history.
Another of my over one hundred photos of St Paul's Cathedral and the Millennium Footbridge over the river Thames in London.
The bridge links Bankside to "The City" of London and has a beautiful view of St Paul's Cathedral as you cross northward. This photo was taken with my Canon DSLR Camera at High tide. If you have seen the Harry Potter Films you would have seen the bridge with wizards flying under and over it. I have included a link below to St Paul's wiki page for those interested in history. I love this area of London especially on a beautiful day,
A view up the River Thames towards central London. Photo taken on a beautiful hot day in London from Butlers Wharf with my Canon Camera.
Tower Bridge is a Grade I listed combined bascule and suspension bridge in London, built between 1886 and 1894, designed by Horace Jones and engineered by John Wolfe Barry. The bridge crosses the River Thames close to the Tower of London and is one of five London bridges owned and maintained by the Bridge House Estates, a charitable trust founded in 1282. The bridge was constructed to give better access to the East End of London, which had expanded its commercial potential in the 19th century. The bridge was opened by Edward, Prince of Wales and Alexandra, Princess of Wales in 1894.
A Ponte Filipina da Sertã, também conhecida como Ponte da Carvalha, é um exemplar notável da arquitetura civil do início do século XVII em Portugal. Construída entre 1607 e 1610, no contexto da Dinastia Filipina e da União Ibérica (1580-1640), substituiu uma antiga ponte de origem romana que assegurava a travessia da Ribeira da Sertã. A estrutura, em alvenaria de xisto e granito, materiais abundantes na região da Beira Baixa, apresenta seis arcos de volta perfeita, de dimensões variáveis, adaptados ao leito irregular do curso de água. Os talhamares triangulares, a montante, têm função hidráulica, ao quebrar a força da corrente em períodos de cheia e ao proteger os pilares. Atualmente reservada à circulação pedonal, a ponte integra o núcleo urbano da vila da Sertã, junto ao parque da Alameda da Carvalha, e constitui um dos elementos patrimoniais mais emblemáticos do concelho.
The Philippine Bridge of Sertã, also known as the Carvalha Bridge, is a remarkable example of early 17th-century civil architecture in Portugal. Built between 1607 and 1610, during the Philippine Dynasty and the Iberian Union (1580–1640), it replaced an older bridge of Roman origin that spanned the Ribeira da Sertã. The structure, built of schist and granite masonry—materials abundant in the Beira Baixa region—features six round arches of varying sizes, adapted to the irregular course of the waterway. The triangular abutments upstream serve a hydraulic function, breaking the force of the current during periods of high water and protecting the piers. Currently reserved for pedestrian traffic, the bridge forms part of the town center of Sertã, next to Alameda da Carvalha Park, and is one of the municipality’s most iconic heritage sites.
Designed by Robert Stephenson and opened by Queen Victoria and Prince Albert on 29 August 1850, the Royal Border Bridge spans the River Tweed between Berwick of Tweed and Tweedmouth.
Iconic St Paul's Cathedral and many other buildings in this area of London's skyline. I took this photo with my Canon camera from the rooftop viewing area of the Tate Modern Art Gallery on a beautiful day in London.
Ponte Medieval de Barcelos, também designada Ponte Velha, um dos mais importantes exemplares de arquitetura civil medieval portuguesa. Construída em cantaria de granito, no reinado de D. Afonso IV, a sua obra foi concluída por volta de 1328. A estrutura, que atravessa o Rio Cávado, é composta por cinco arcos de volta perfeita de dimensões variáveis adaptadas ao leito irregular do rio e robustos talha-mares prismáticos, liga a cidade de Barcelos à freguesia de Barcelinhos, sendo classificada como Monumento Nacional em 1910. Integrava o traçado do Caminho Português de Santiago, passagem obrigatória para peregrinos com destino a Compostela, constituindo um marco da rede viária medieval do Norte de Portugal e da história urbanística de Barcelos. Na margem norte destaca-se o Paço dos Condes de Barcelos, ou Paço dos Duques de Bragança, do início do século XV, em ruína consolidada após o terramoto de 1755, que acolhe atualmente o Museu Arqueológico da cidade. Adjacente ao Paço, vislumbra-se a Igreja Matriz de Santa Maria Maior, de transição entre o românico e o gótico, e uma azenha recuperada junto à ponte, testemunho de séculos de atividade moageira na zona.
The Medieval Bridge of Barcelos, also known as Ponte Velha (Old Bridge), is one of the most important examples of medieval Portuguese civil architecture. Built in granite masonry during the reign of King Afonso IV, it was completed around 1328. The structure crosses the Cávado River and consists of five round arches of varying sizes adapted to the irregular riverbed and sturdy prismatic wave breakers. It connects the city of Barcelos to the parish of Barcelinhos and was classified as a National Monument in 1910. It was part of the Portuguese Way of St. James, a mandatory passage for pilgrims bound for Compostela, constituting a landmark of the medieval road network of northern Portugal and the urban history of Barcelos. On the north bank stands the Paço dos Condes de Barcelos, or Paço dos Duques de Bragança, dating from the early 15th century, which fell into ruin after the 1755 earthquake and now houses the city's Archaeological Museum. Adjacent to the Palace, you can see the Mother Church of Santa Maria Maior, a transition between Romanesque and Gothic styles, and a restored watermill next to the bridge, testimony to centuries of milling activity in the area.
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On the way back from Ticino to Grison we passed the San Bernardino tunnel. It was opened in 1967 and is 6.5 km long (21,000 feet). There are long stretches that are completely straight.
I processed a balanced HDR photo from a RAW exposure, carefully adjusted the curves, and desaturated the result. I welcome and appreciate your critical feedback.
-- ƒ/3.5, 16 mm, 1/30 sec, ISO 800, Sony A6000, SEL-P1650, HDR, 1 RAW exposure, _DSC7582_hdr1bal1e.jpg
-- CC BY-NC-SA 4.0, © Peter Thoeny, Quality HDR Photography
This is the Union Canal near Newbridge, Edinburgh. Having just crossed the Almond Valley on the 5 arched Almond Aqueduct, the canal turns east and enters Clifton Cutting. The towpath here is rarely dry, as the drainage system in the cutting is long due an overhaul.
Hoover Dam is a concrete arch-gravity dam in the Black Canyon of the Colorado River, on the border between the U.S. states of Nevada and Arizona. It was constructed between 1931 and 1936 during the Great Depression and was dedicated on September 30, 1935, by President Franklin D. Roosevelt. Its construction was the result of a massive effort involving thousands of workers, and cost over one hundred lives. Originally known as Boulder Dam from 1933, it was officially renamed Hoover Dam, for President Herbert Hoover, by a joint resolution of Congress in 1947. Since about 1900, the Black Canyon and nearby Boulder Canyon had been investigated for their potential to support a dam that would control floods, provide irrigation water and produce hydroelectric power. In 1928, Congress authorized the project. The winning bid to build the dam was submitted by a consortium called Six Companies, Inc., which began construction on the dam in early 1931. Such a large concrete structure had never been built before, and some of the techniques were unproven. The torrid summer weather and lack of facilities near the site also presented difficulties. Nevertheless, Six Companies turned the dam over to the federal government on March 1, 1936, more than two years ahead of schedule. Hoover Dam impounds Lake Mead, the largest reservoir in the United States by volume (when it is full). The dam is located near Boulder City, Nevada, a municipality originally constructed for workers on the construction project, about 30 mi (48 km) southeast of Las Vegas, Nevada. The dam's generators provide power for public and private utilities in Nevada, Arizona, and California. Hoover Dam is a major tourist attraction; nearly a million people tour the dam each year. The heavily traveled U.S. Route 93 (US 93) ran along the dam's crest until October 2010, when the Hoover Dam Bypass opened. As the United States developed the Southwest, the Colorado River was seen as a potential source of irrigation water. An initial attempt at diverting the river for irrigation purposes occurred in the late 1890s, when land speculator William Beatty built the Alamo Canal just north of the Mexican border; the canal dipped into Mexico before running to a desolate area Beatty named the Imperial Valley. Though water from the Imperial Canal allowed for the widespread settlement of the valley, the canal proved expensive to maintain. After a catastrophic breach that caused the Colorado River to fill the Salton Sea, the Southern Pacific Railroad spent $3 million in 1906–07 to stabilize the waterway, an amount it hoped in vain would be reimbursed by the Federal Government. Even after the waterway was stabilized, it proved unsatisfactory because of constant disputes with landowners on the Mexican side of the border. As the technology of electric power transmission improved, the Lower Colorado was considered for its hydroelectric-power potential. In 1902, the Edison Electric Company of Los Angeles surveyed the river in the hope of building a 40-foot (12 m) rock dam which could generate 10,000 horsepower (7,500 kW). However, at the time, the limit of transmission of electric power was 80 miles (130 km), and there were few customers (mostly mines) within that limit. Edison allowed land options it held on the river to lapse—including an option for what became the site of Hoover Dam. In the following years, the Bureau of Reclamation (BOR), known as the Reclamation Service at the time, also considered the Lower Colorado as the site for a dam. Service chief Arthur Powell Davis proposed using dynamite to collapse the walls of Boulder Canyon, 20 miles (32 km) north of the eventual dam site, into the river. The river would carry off the smaller pieces of debris, and a dam would be built incorporating the remaining rubble. In 1922, after considering it for several years, the Reclamation Service finally rejected the proposal, citing doubts about the unproven technique and questions as to whether it would in fact save money.
The orange and yellow lights under the Roosevelt Bridge reflect in the water of the Saint Lucie River in Stuart, Florida. Prints, and many other products, are available with this image on my website at www.tom-claud.pixels.com.
Another of my over one hundred photos of St Paul's Cathedral and the Millennium Footbridge over the river Thames in London.
The bridge links Bankside to "The City" of London and has a beautiful view of St Paul's Cathedral as you cross northward. This photo was taken with my Canon DSLR Camera at low tide with a small boat about to pass underneath the bridge. If you have seen the Harry Potter Films you would have seen the bridge with wizards flying under and over it. I have included a link below to St Paul's wiki page for those interested in history. I love this area of London especially on a beautiful day,
The construction of the new Samuel De Champlain Bridge in Montreal, Quebec, showcases the engineering scale of the project with large Y-shaped concrete piers and heavy-duty crawler cranes reflected in the calm waters of the Saint Lawrence River under a clear blue sky.
Barton-upon-Irwell, Gtr Manchester
The only time I've ever seen these bridges in the open position. Barton Swing Aqueduct (left) - the only swing aqueduct in the world and Barton Road Swing Bridge (right) - there's quite a few of these but not as a pair. And the control tower sat nicely between the two.
Far above the mountains of Ullensvang, the waters of Votna rest in quiet stillness behind a curved dam wall. Reflections drift across the deep blue surface, concealing one of Norway's most important renewable energy resources. What appears calm and motionless today may tomorrow be transformed into electricity for homes, businesses and communities. In this minimalist landscape of water, rock and concrete, immense power waits patiently in silence.
Fun fact: Every drop of water stored in a mountain reservoir represents potential energy. Long before batteries became common, Norway was already storing renewable energy in its lakes and valleys.
The lights of the Roosevelt Bridge sparkle in the pre-dawn hours in Stuart, Florida. Prints, and many other items, are available with this image in my website at www.tom-claud.pixels.com. Click on the link and thanks for visiting!
from the south
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunshine_Skyway_Bridge
Terra Ceia, Florida
April 2008
e080408c-08c-cjpg025a-wb
COPYRIGHT 2008 by Jim Frazier All Rights Reserved. This may NOT be used for ANY reason without consent. See www.jimfrazier.com for more information.
A Polygon derives from the greek word meaning many sides and is considered to be an unbounded sequence, or circuit of alternating segments (sides) and angles (corners).
The modern mathematical understanding of a Polygon is to describe this structural sequence in terms of an 'abstract' polygon which is a partially-ordered set (a poset) of elements.
The interior body of the Polygon is an entirely other element; and for complicated technical reasons so is the null polytope or nullitope - but that is for another future series.
Engineering as Art
Greek Mythology
Series 5 of 5
Gemaal De Cruquius uit 1849 is een van de drie gemalen waarmee de Haarlemmermeer tussen 1849 en 1852 is ingepolderd. Bovendien is het de grootste stoommachine ter wereld. Het gemaal is daarna nooit gemoderniseerd en is in 1933 buiten werking gesteld. Het is genoemd naar de Nederlandse waterbouwkundige Nicolaus Samuelis Cruquius, geboren als Nicolaas Kruik in 1678 te Vlieland. De imposante combinatie van techniek en architectuur
maken dat De Cruquius een industrieel archeologisch monument van wereldformaat is. Het gemaal heeft op zijn beurt de naam Cruquius gegeven aan het dorp in de nabijheid.
Dit is het gemaal de Cruquius in het dorp Cruquius in de Haarlemmermeerpolder.
Het dorp ontleent zijn naam aan de naam van het gemaal, dat op zijn beurt weer vernoemd is naar Nicolaus Samuelis Cruquius. Met dit gemaal heeft men --samen met nog twee gemalen, de Leeghwater en de Lijnden-- van 1849 tot 1852 het Haarlemmermeer leeggepompt teneinde de Haarlemmermeerpolder aan te leggen. In 1934 is Stichting de Cruquius opgericht die het stoomgemaal nadat het overbodig werd van de sloop heeft gered. Dezer dagen valt 'de Cruquius' onder het industrieel erfgoed en is in het gebouw Museum de Cruquius gevestigd.
Hoewel de originele stoominstallaties van eertijds niet meer operationeel zijn, wordt het mechanisme dagelijks meerdere malen met behulp van elektromotoren in beweging gebracht om de werking voor de bezoekers aanschouwelijk te maken.
Zoals te zien is het geheel opgetrokken in een neogotische stijl. Deze stilering beperkt zich echter niet tot het bouwwerk op zich. Ook de machinerie is waar mogelijk in dezelfde stijl ontworpen en gebouwd.
The steam mill Cruquius is itself a Netherlands 'Rijksmonument' for the steam history of the engine within, and it has also been declared an Anchor Point of ERIH, The European Route of Industrial Heritage. It is thought to be the largest steam engine – and certainly the largest beam engine – ever built. The engine was built by Harvey & Co, of Hayle, Cornwall. The diameter of the piston is 144 inches (3.7 m).
Outside, the ringvaart canal's system of sluices, mills, and bridges, are all part of the Stelling van Amsterdam, the main dike of which runs just north of Cruquius, through Vijfhuizen. Fort Vijfhuizen is used for art exhibitions and is a short walk north of the museum along the ringvaart. What is less known is that there is also a fort Cruquius, just south of the museum, that also has World Heritage status because of its link to the Stelling van Amsterdam.
The Cruquius Pumping Station was named a Historic Mechanical Engineering Landmark by the American Society of Mechanical Engineers in 1991.
©2014- Exotic photos by Hadeed Sher
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The Widnes-Runcorn Siver Jubilee Bridge was opened in 1961 but is currently closed t cars and larger vehicles. It is due to re-open as a toll bridge n 2020. The Bridge has a main arch span of 361 yards. Ut crosses the River Mersey and the Manchester Ship Canal between Widnes and Runcorn in Merseyside, UK.
The E18 motorway bridge sweeps gracefully across the waters of Drammensfjorden, forming one of the most recognizable pieces of infrastructure in southeastern Norway. Seen through a telephoto lens from the hills above the city, the bridge becomes a visual artery connecting neighborhoods, industries and regional transport corridors. The compressed perspective highlights how roads, railways, ports and urban development are intertwined in a landscape shaped by both geography and human ambition.
Fun fact: The E18 is one of Norway's most important transport corridors, linking the Oslo region with southern Norway and serving as a key route for both passenger traffic and freight transport between Scandinavia and continental Europe.
Ponte de betão armado sobre o rio Olo, no Parque Natural do Alvão, esta estrutura integra a estrada rural que assegura o acesso à aldeia de Varzigueto e a vários núcleos de povoamento disperso na encosta. O tabuleiro, assente em pilares de secção simples e dotado de guardas metálicas, corresponde a soluções correntes da segunda metade do século XX para atravessamentos de curto vão em meios rurais, privilegiando baixos custos de construção e manutenção. O rio Olo, afluente do Tâmega, caracteriza-se por um regime de caudal muito variável, com cheias rápidas no inverno que alagam os lameiros ribeirinhos e podem acelerar processos de erosão junto aos apoios da ponte. A vegetação ripícola de amieiros e salgueiros contribui para a estabilização das margens e para a filtragem de sedimentos, desempenhando um papel relevante na conservação deste ecossistema fluvial integrado em área protegida. A ponte funciona, assim, como elemento essencial da conectividade rural, garantindo a circulação de moradores, veículos agrícolas e visitantes ao longo dos caminhos do Alvão.
A reinforced concrete bridge over the Olo River in the Alvão Natural Park, this structure forms part of the rural road that provides access to the village of Varzigueto and to several scattered settlements on the hillside. The deck, supported by single-section piers and equipped with metal guardrails, reflects common solutions from the second half of the 20th century for short-span crossings in rural areas, prioritizing low construction and maintenance costs. The Olo River, a tributary of the Tâmega, is characterized by a highly variable flow regime, with rapid winter floods that inundate the riparian marshes and can accelerate erosion processes near the bridge’s supports. The riparian vegetation of alders and willows contributes to the stabilization of the banks and the filtration of sediments, playing a significant role in the conservation of this river ecosystem within a protected area. The bridge thus functions as an essential element of rural connectivity, ensuring the movement of residents, agricultural vehicles, and visitors along the paths of the Alvão.
This night view of the St. Lucie Lock and dam was photographed in Stuart, Florida. See this, and More, on my website at tom-claud.pixels.com.
A view of Tower Bride up the River Thames towards central London. Photo taken on a bright, beautiful & hot day in London from Butlers Wharf with my Canon Camera. It all looks so cramped together to hence my use of "Urban Jungle"
Tower Bridge is a Grade I listed combined bascule and suspension bridge in London, built between 1886 and 1894, designed by Horace Jones and engineered by John Wolfe Barry. The bridge crosses the River Thames close to the Tower of London and is one of five London bridges owned and maintained by the Bridge House Estates, a charitable trust founded in 1282. The bridge was constructed to give better access to the East End of London, which had expanded its commercial potential in the 19th century. The bridge was opened by Edward, Prince of Wales and Alexandra, Princess of Wales in 1894.
So many Yanks and others get Tower Bridge mixed up with London Bridge for some reason!