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Ethel Sidgwick was a popular novelist and member of the Save the Children Fund Council. Educated at Oxford High School and brought up in intellectual circles, her first novel ‘Promise’ was published in 1910 and she went on to write a dozen novels, children’s plays and a biography of her aunt, who was Principal of Newnham College, Cambridge. Her literary skills were put to use in helping Eglantyne Jebb, later founder of the Save the Children Fund, to translate overseas newspapers for the 'Cambridge Magazine'. She was a staunch supporter of Save the Children from its foundation in 1919, serving as a member of Council, member of the Management Committee and chair of the Schools Sub-committee. She wrote several articles for its magazine ‘World’s Children’, and adapted into verse the Declaration of Geneva, originally composed by Eglantyne Jebb, the charity’s founder.
Text by Anne George, Archivist, Cadbury Research Library, University of Birmingham
Ianthe Theodora Heron-Allen (active 1904-1943) was born in 1904, the elder daughter of Edward Heron-Allen (1861-1943), solicitor, zoologist, writer and Persian scholar noted for translating the works of Omar Khayyam (1048-1131). Relatively little is know about the life of Ianthe. In 1921 both Ianthe and her father are listed as fellows of the Zoological Society of London. Their address is given as 33 Hamilton Terrace, St John's Wood, London. Internal evidence from the volume of playbills suggests that Ianthe was possibly an actress at some stage of her life. She is known to have survived her father who died on 28 March 1943 at Large Acres. Her younger sister, Armorel, had died tragically in a car crash in 1930. Armorel had graduated from Lady Margaret Hall, Oxford with a first class degree in zoology only two weeks earlier. The Cadbury Research Library holds an album of programmes and playbills collected by Ianthe, the majority of which have been annotated with the date when she presumably attended each performance.
Text by Mark Eccleston, Archivist, Cadbury Research Library, University of Birmingham.
Anne Elizabeth Lambert, was born in c. 1823, the daughter of John Lambert, wine merchant, of 33 Tavistock Square, London. She had two sisters and two brothers who were also merchants and judging from the fact that there were five live-in servants, it was a successful and well-to-do family. As a young woman in 1845, Anne (known as Annie) kept a lively diary recording her activities in London, and a second diary records the family visit to Oporto in Portugal, where Annie’s brother John worked in the port wine trade.
Text by Anne George, Archivist, Cadbury Research Library, University of Birmingham.
Constance Smedley was born in Handsworth and attended the Birmingham School of Art. She then turned to writing and went on to publish some 20 novels as well as plays, children’s books and articles. She campaigned for the poor and for the arts and for women’s rights; and founded the International Lyceum Clubs for Women where professional women could meet and host others in a fitting environment, as in the many gentleman’s clubs. She was the author of an anonymous pamphlet, published in 1907, ‘Setting forth the necessity of Shrieking till the Shrieks be heard’, relating to the lot of women in the home and in the sphere of work.
Text by Anne George, Archivist, Cadbury Research Library, University of Birmingham.
Ethel Brilliana Tweedie, nee Harley (1862-1940), better known in mid-life as Mrs Alec Tweedie. Educated at Queen's College London, she was the daughter of a physician and later became a travel writer after her marriage to Alexander Leslie Tweedie in 1887 and had two sons, Leslie and Harley. However, tragedy was to strike after the deaths of her husband and father in 1896 leaving her without settlement and two young sons to bring up. She turned to writing to support herself, publishing A Girl's Ride in Iceland (1889) and A Winter Jaunt to Norway (1894) and George Harley F.R.S., the life of a London Physician (1899) in memory of her father. During the First World War she became an active fundraiser and philantrophist starting the 'Mrs Alec Tweedie Hut Scheme' in association with the Y.M.C.A. which in 1916 raised over £10,500 for huts in the U.K. and in France for soldiers at the Front. She also personally donated the Leslie Tweedie Memorial Lounge within the Y.M.C.A. Shakespeare Hut in London, in memory of her son killed in the First World War. After the war she continued to write and carried on her charitable works. In later life she became a fellow of the Royal Geographical Society.
George Harley, F.R.S. : the life of a London physician / edited by his daughter, Mrs. Alec Tweedie, Cadbury Research Library, r R489.H2 T
Lilian Braithwaite had a long and varied career as an actress, from As You Like It in 1900 to Arsenic and Old Lace in the 1940s. One of her most successful roles was the neurotic Florence Lancaster in Noël Coward's The Vortex in 1924. She also served in the Second World War as chairman and chief organiser of the hospital division of ENSA and was created Dame of the British Empire in 1943. This photograph shows her with Ivor Novello in 1934. COW/4/J/4/2/110
Text by Jessica Clark, Archivist, Cadbury Research Library, University of Birmingham.
May Lamberton Becker was born in New York. She was a celebrated American childen's librarian, writer on children's literature, journalist and literary editor of the 'New York Herald Tribune' . In 1940, with her daughter Beatrice Warde who was by then living in England, she founded 'Books Across the Sea', a mutual exchange of publications which became a movement which promoted better cultural and literary understanding between the two countries. The idea had arisen following the stoppage of imports of printed books into Britain from America at the beginning of the war. Societies were set up in London and Edinburgh in the UK and in New York and Boston in the US and by 1944, about 2,000 volumes had been received in London and 1,600 in New York . When May Lamberton Becker died, she was described in her obituary as 'world traveller and educator'. The library reading room of the National Book League in London was dedicated in her memory when it was opened by T.S. Eliot in 1960.
Text by Anne George, Archivist, Cadbury Research Library, University of Birmingham.
Jane Hussey has been almost certainly identifed as one of the daughters of Sir Charles Hussey, 1st baronet, of Caythorpe, Lincolnshire, and his wife Elizabeth, nee Brownlow. Jane Hussey was born c. 1657 and died in 1735. The volume of medicinal recipes ('receipts' ) she compiled in 1692 presents a fascinating insight into the world of late 17th century domestic medicine and reflects Jane's proven experience in treating a whole range of illnesses and injuries. The wide range of ingredients required to make up the recipes seem unusual to the modern layman: as well as herbs and spices of all kinds other items for example include moss from a dead man's skull, steel filings, peacock dung, live swallows, shearings from scarlet cloth, the fattest badger you can get, failing that a fat young puppy.
Text by Anne George, Archivist, Cadbury Research Library, University of Birmingham.
Twin sisters Agnes Smith Lewis and Margaret Dunlop Gibson together discovered the Codex Syriac Synaiticus, a gospel palimpsest from about the fourth century and the oldest copy of the gospels in Syriac. Agnes and Margaret were born in Irvine, Ayrshire, the daughters of Scottish Presbyterians in 1843. As women they were not able to attend a British university; however they undertook private tuition and developed considerable expertise in modern and ancient languages, including Greek, Arabic, Hebrew and Syriac. They travelled widely throughout Europe and the Middle East. It was their friend James Rendel Harris who encouraged them to travel to St Catherine's Monastery in Sinai in 1892, during this visit they made their extraordinary discovery. DA61.
Twin sisters Agnes Smith Lewis and Margaret Dunlop Gibson together discovered the Codex Syriac Synaiticus, a gospel palimpsest from about the fourth century and the oldest copy of the gospels in Syriac. Agnes and Margaret were born in Irvine, Ayrshire, the daughters of Scottish Presbyterians in 1843. As women they were not able to attend a British university; however they undertook private tuition and developed considerable expertise in modern and ancient languages, including Greek, Arabic, Hebrew and Syriac. They travelled widely throughout Europe and the Middle East. It was their friend James Rendel Harris who encouraged them to travel to St Catherine's Monastery in Sinai in 1892, during this visit they made their extraordinary discovery. DA61.
Beatrice Warde was born in New York City, daughter of writer and journalist, May Lamberton Becker. After graduating from Barnard College (the women's division of Columbia University), she was employed at the American Typefounders' Company Library in Jersey City becoming the acting head librarian under Henry Lewis Bullen. On 30 December 1922, she married the book designer and typographer, Frederic Warde (1894-1939), who was then the director of printing at Princeton University Press. Following a visit to the USA by the typographer Stanley Morison in 1924 the Wardes moved to England and Beatrice began writing scholarly articles on printing under the name of 'Paul Beaujon'. She was then recruited by the Monotype Corporation where she edited the Monotype Recorder and eventually became director of publicity. She also became a successful writer and lecturer; the educational aspect of typography became an important focus she and established connections with many printing schools and delivered a number of international lecture tours; her speech 'Printing should be invisible' presented to the British Typographers Guild in 1930 was republished several times.
In 1940, in conjunction with her mother, Beatrice Warde founded 'Books Across the Sea' . Following the cessation of import of printed books from America at the beginning of the war, Warde arranged with her mother to receive copies of 70 new American publications and the parallel exchange of new British books led to the formation of the movement which promoted better cultural and literary understanding between the two countries.
Text by Anne George, Archivist, Cadbury Research Library, University of Birmingham.
Marguerite Radclyffe Hall (1880-1943), poet and author, was said to be one of the most influential lesbian writers of the twentieth century. Her most celebrated work is the 'Well of Loneliness', which caused great controversy when it was published in 1928. Although a lifelong campaigner for homosexual rights she also held deeply conservative views and converted to Catholicism in 1912. In 1918 she began a relationship with sculptor Una Troubridge which was to last for the rest of her life despite the best efforts of Troubridge's husband and Hall's affair with Evguenia Souline in the 1930s.
Text by Jennifer Childs, Archivist, Cadbury Research Library, University of Birmingham.
Charlotte Georgiana Jerningham (1770-1854) was the only daughter of Sir William and Lady Frances Jerningham of Costessey Hall, Norfolk. Charlotte married Sir Richard Bedingfeld (1767-1829) of Oxburgh Hall, near King's Lynn, in 1795 and they had eight children. Lady Bedingfeld collected together the letters she received from her mother and from other members of the large Jerningham and Bedingfeld families, and between 1809 and 1833 kept diaries relating to specific events in her life. The collection provides a rich and fascinating insight into the life of an aristocratic Catholic family of the period and includes comment on national and international events as well as family and other society news.
Text by Anne George, Archivist, Cadbury Research Library, University of Birmingham.
In 1900, Annie Emma Allen went out as a missionary to the Uganda Mission of the Church Mission Society (CMS). She served in an honorary capacity for 25 years at Gayaza, Mengo, Kabarole, Toro and Nabumali. Missionaries were expected to turn their hand to what was needed and much of Annie’s time was spent teaching and helping in the hospital and dispensary. She was a talented artist and one of the legacies of her time in Uganda are her beautifully observed watercolours featuring scenes of everyday life in Uganda. Putting her artistic skills to practical use she introduced weaving and other handicrafts to local women and girls. Invalided back to England, she retired in January 1926, aged 70 years. She died 27 January 1942 in Cilrhiw, Narberth, Wales.
Text by Cadbury Research Library, University of Birmingham
Ethel Snowden (1881-1951), wife of the Labour Chancellor of the Exchequer Philip Snowden, was a suffrage campainger and socialist, and toured the country giving lectures for the socialist cause, for the National Union of Women’s Suffrage and the Women’s Peace Crusade. She was a vigorous supporter of two international organisations, the League of Nations and, from its earliest days, the Save the Children Fund. In 1926 she wrote ‘The British Standards of Child Welfare as Tested by the Declaration of Geneva’. 'Her eloquence and vitality were a great asset to the venture' [SCF] was written of her when she died.
Text by Anne George, Archivist, Cadbury Research Library, University of Birmingham.
Cadbury Research Library ref. SCF/P/2/9 page 129.
Constance Caroline Woodhill Naden, 1858-1889, poet and philosopher. Constance Naden was born in Edgbaston, the only child of Thomas Naden and his second wife, Caroline Anne. Her mother died shortly after the birth, and Constance was brought up by her maternal grandparents. After leaving school she travelled widely in Europe, and worked on 'Songs and Sonnets of Springtime', published in 1881. She became a student at the recently opened Mason Science College the same year, studying physics, chemistry, botany, zoology, physiology and geology. She took an active role in debating societies, and in the Mason College Union of students, and edited the student magazine for a time. In 1885 she won the Paxton prize for an essay on the geology of the district, and in 1887 she won the Heslop gold medal with her essay 'Induction and Deduction'. She published a second volume of poems 'A Modern Apostle'; 'The Elixir of Life'; 'The Story of Clarice'; and other Poems' in 1887. She moved to London in 1888 and became involved in philosophical and philanthropic activities there. She was a public supporter of women's suffrage. Naden stopped writing poetry in 1887, influenced by her correspondence with Robert Lewins, a retired army doctor who she had met in 1876. Naden's first philosophical essays reproduced aspects of Lewins' system 'hylo-idealism' which was a mixture of idealism and materialism. 'Induction and Deduction' was published posthumously in 1890, edited by Lewins.
Text by Helen Fisher, University Archivist, Cadbury Research Library, University of Birmingham, USS115.
Julia Eva Vajkai worked tirelessly from 1920 to 1949 as the Save the Children Fund’s administrator in Hungary. She founded and maintained Work-Schools in Budapest where children, having left school at 12 and before apprenticeships were available at 14, could be cared for whilst learning a craft such as dressmaking or shoemaking. In 1949 these Work-Schools were handed over to the Hungarian Government. Madame Vajkai was a member of the executive council of the Save the Children International Union (UISE) based in Geneva, and served as an Assessor on the Child Welfare Committee of the League of Nations. She was a renowned social worker and visited England many times, writing ’Through Hungarian Eyes: an impression of social work in England’ in 1928. She wrote several books on social issues, and articles on her work in Hungary and social work in general appeared in Save the Children Fund’s magazine, World’s Children. She died in an accident the week before the Hungarian Uprising; the executor of her will was Thomas Walker Boyce, secretary general of Save the Children in Britain.
Text by Anne George, Archivist, Cadbury Research Library, University of Birmingham.
Elizabeth Blackwell is best known for her publication 'A Curious Herbal' (1737-1739) a comprehensive reference book of medicinal plants. Blackwell not only described all the plants, including many new varieties from the 'New World', but also illustrated, engraved and hand coloured all the images herself.
A curious herbal : containing five hundred cuts, of the most useful plants, ... / by Elizabeth Blackwell, to which is added a short description of ye plants ....
Elizabeth Blackwell fl. 1737.
London : printed for John Nourse, 1739
Classmark: f QK99
birmingham-primo.hosted.exlibrisgroup.com/primo-explore/f...
Lady Eleanor Charlotte Butler (1739–1829) was originally from Ireland. She met Sarah Ponsonby in 1768 and became involved in a romantic friendship. In 1778, rather than be forced into arranged marriages by their respective families, they left Ireland and set up home together in Wales. The house they shared for over 50 years until their deaths was situated near the town of Llangollen, and they were known as ‘The Ladies of Llangollen’. We hold several letters in our Jerningham collection written by Eleanor Butler, 1811-1813. Refs: JER/595, JER/677, and JER/682.
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Harriet Martineau (1802-1876) was a political economist, author, journalist, social commentator and leading feminist intellectual. She published widely and her publications included popular works on economics, several novels, and various children's stories. She was also a regular contributor to and editorial writer for the 'Daily News' and 'Edinburgh Review'.
She was born in Norwich in 1802, the fifth child of Thomas Martineau and Elizabeth Rankin Martineau. She began her literary career at a young age and her first article on 'Female Writers on Practical Divinity' appeared in the Unitarian periodical, 'The Monthly Repository' in 1821. Her first major successful work was 'Illustrations of Political Economy' (1832-34), which was quickly followed by 'Poor Law and Paupers Illustrated' (1833), and 'Illustrations of Taxation' (1834). She visited America between 1834 and 1836 and on her return wrote 'Society in America' (1837) and 'Retrospect of Western Travel' (1838). She continued to travel, visiting Italy, Egypt and Palestine, after which she published 'Eastern Life' (1848). Later publications included 'History of England during the Thirty Years' Peace' (1849) and a translation of Comte's 'Philosophie Positive' (1853). She lived initially in London then moved to Tynemouth near Newcastle to be near her brother. She spent four years there during a period of ill-health but from the 1840s lived at Ambleside in the Lake District in a house she designed herself, called The Knoll.
Harriet Martineau was an exceptional correspondent throughout her life and exchanged letters not just with publishers but also with political, literary and other prominent individuals of the time. She suffered from ill-health for many years and was also profoundly deaf. During her later life she was cared for by her nieces, most notably Maria Martineau.
We hold the Harriet Martineau archive at the Cadbury Research Library (Ref: HM, HM, and HMLadd)
Text by Jennifer Childs, Archivist, Cadbury Research Library, University of Birmingham.
Ida Chamberlain, 1870-1943, District and County Councillor. Ida Chamberlain’s early experience of public service included serving on the Almoners committee at Birmingham General Hospital, with her brother, Neville. During the First World War, she assisted her half-sister, Beatrice, in work for the French Wounded Emergency Fund in London, and then organised the local branch of the Growers Co-operative Union in Odiham, Hampshire. Ida was elected Councillor for the Harley Wintney Rural District Council in February 1918, and was chairman of the Housing committee for a number of years. She was also a member of the Guardians committee both before and after it came under the control of Hampshire County Council, and was instrumental in efforts to improve conditions for children living in 'Poor Law' institutions. She was elected County Councillor for Hampshire in 1922, and served as chairman of the Housing committee, organising initiatives for the provision of new housing and the renovation of homes unfit for habitation. She also served on the Sanatoria sub-committee and helped to administer maternity services. She was chairman of the School Medical Services committee, She was the first woman to be appointed Alderman for Hampshire County Council in 1931, and returned from retirement to serve as acting chairman of the Health committee when her successor was called up for military service during the Second World War.
Text by Helen Fisher, University Archivist, Cadbury Research Library, University of Birmingham.
Gwen Lally, real name Gwendolin Rosalie Lally Tollandal Speck, was born in Fulham, London 1 March 1882. With a background in acting almost exclusively playing male parts and a career spanning variety, theatre management, teaching and writing, her most spectacular achievements were the production of extraordinary, large-scale pageants which attracted world-wide publicity. The largest Lally pageant was held in Aston Park, Birmingham to celebrate the centenary of the granting of the charter of incorporation, Birmingham, July 1938 with a cast of characters including 8000 residents and a c 60 foot dinosaur called Egbert. She was lauded for her organisational skills, her artistry and ability to inspire those with whom she was working. She died of pneumonia 15 April 1963. The photograph is by Warchawski. Text by Cadbury Research Library, University of Birmingham
MS844, Cadbury Research Library
Beatrice Lillie was born in Toronto, Canada. She is believed to be the leading comedienne of 20th century theatre. Lillie performed as a comedy actress in many revues produced by Andre Charlot from 1914. Noël Coward was her close friend and often wrote her material. They also performed together, for example in Coward's This Year of Grace in 1928. In addition, Lillie performed in a number of US shows, such as An Evening with Beatrice Lillie. In 1920, Beatrice Lillie married the future Sir Robert Peel at his family's estate; Drayton Manor. Their only son, also Robert, was killed in the Second World War. Lillie spent most of the war entertaining troops around the Mediterranean, Africa and the Middle East. Her last Broadway appearance was in High Spirits, the 1964 musical version of Noël Coward's Blithe Spirit.
Cadbury Research Library, University of Birmingham, COW/4/J/4/2/74