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www.youtube.com/watch?v=lDFuHhflHsw&list=RDlDFuHhflHs...
This years themes:
www.internationalwomensday.com/
#ChooseToChallenge #IWD2021
International Women's Day (IWD) is celebrated on 8 March around the world. It is a focal point in the movement for women's rights .
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Women%27s_Day
I am grateful to the women who stood up for our rights over 100 years ago.
And even today, it is important -among other themes- to campaign for education and against violence against girls and women
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Thanks for your kind visits, dear friends.
The theme of the International Women's Day 2021 is #ChooseToChallenge.
It urges us to call out gender bias and inequality to create a more inclusive world.
So much as been done and there still so much to do.
The photos in the background were taken by photographer Reza and were part of an outdoor exibition. Happy women's day!
Le thème de la journée internationale des femmes 2021 est Relance féministe.
Il nous exhorte à dénoncer les préjugés sexistes et les inégalités pour créer un monde plus inclusif.
Tant de choses ont été faites et il reste encore tant à faire.
Les photos en arrière-plan ont été prises par le photographe Reza et faisaient partie d'une exposition en plein air. Joyeuse journée des femmes!
Listen here- Écoutez ici
View a National Geographic on the topic of women here
" 'The theme for this year’s International Women’s Day is #ChooseToChallenge. It indicates that a “challenged world is an alert world, and from challenge comes change”.
This year, we can all choose to challenge everything that has been holding us back, and become better allies. "
Happy Women's Day!
This Women's Day was first observed on March 19, 1911, in Austria, Denmark, Germany and Switzerland. Campaigns across Europe against WWI inspired women in other countries to adopt International Women's Day. The date of observance moved to March 8 in 1913.
Women from every corner of the globe come together on march 8, which is also a call to action for accelerating gender parity. Theme of International Women's Day 2021: Every year, this day is celebrated with a theme. The theme for this year's International Women's Day is “Choose To Challenge”.
www.internationalwomensday.com/
RLART
IWD 2021 campaign theme: #ChooseToChallenge
A challenged world is an alert world. Individually, we're all responsible for our own thoughts and actions - all day, every day.
We can all choose to challenge and call out gender bias and inequality. We can all choose to seek out and celebrate women's achievements. Collectively, we can all help create an inclusive world.
From challenge comes change, so let's all choose to challenge.
www.internationalwomensday.com/
A challenged world is an alert world and from challenge comes change.
So let's all choose to challenge.
How will you help forge a gender equal world?
Celebrate women's achievement. Raise awareness against bias. Take action for equality.
Elizabeth Taylor was a voice for AIDs and a trailblazer in AIDS Awareness.
Elizabeth is wearing a Handmade Rainbow Evening Dress Outfit Gown Silkstone Barbie Fashion Royalty FR
on eBay at www.ebay.com/str/dollstudiobyeaki.
The New Issue of 1Sixth: The Fashion Issue is now for sale.
Elizabeth Taylor as repainted and restyled by artist Noel Cruz is featured in the new Magazine for 1Sixth.
About the Book
One of a Kind Artists for dolls from Integrity Toys, Hot Toys to Barbie with repainted and restyled dolls by Noel Cruz this feature is focused on fashion by designers such as Antonio Realli, Ryan Liang of SHANTOMMO and ElenPriv as well as fashions by Mattel and Dressmaker Details. If you are a doll collector then this beautiful book is for you or someone who collects.
Matte 80 Version (Printed $49.99):
www.blurb.com/b/10546843-1sixth
PDF Version is $9.99
GLOSS 70 Economy Version Magazine
www.blurb.com/b/10547194-1sixth
Print Version is $34.99
Author website
* Primary Category: Arts & Photography Books
* Additional Categories Coffee Table Books
* Project Option: US Letter, 8.5×11 in, 22×28 cm
* # of Pages: 192
* Publish Date: Jan 18, 2021
Magazines and books that feature photos from this account and 1Sixth.co (1sixth.co) & 1SixthWorld.com (1sixthworld.com) are available for order through Blurb.
Click this www.blurb.com/user/smckinnis for those books/magazines and ebooks. They are also available on iTunes.
Photos by Steve McKinnis of stevemckinnis.com
Happy International Women's Day! The theme for International Women's Day (IWD) 2025 is "Accelerate Action". This theme emphasizes the need to take more decisive steps to achieve gender equality
International Women’s Day (IWD) is a global day celebrating the social, economic, cultural, and political achievements of women. Additionally, it’s a call to action for accelerating gender parity, recognizing the barriers women face, and celebrating the milestones in women’s rights and equality.
IWD 2021 campaign theme: #ChooseToChallenge
A challenged world is an alert world. Individually, we're all responsible for our own thoughts and actions - all day, every day.
We can all choose to challenge and call out gender bias and inequality. We can all choose to seek out and celebrate women's achievements. Collectively, we can all help create an inclusive world.
From challenge comes change, so let's all choose to challenge.
www.internationalwomensday.com/
A challenged world is an alert world and from challenge comes change.
So let's all choose to challenge.
How will you help forge a gender equal world?
Celebrate women's achievement. Raise awareness against bias. Take action for equality.
Elizabeth Taylor was a voice for AIDs and a trailblazer in AIDS Awareness.
Elizabeth is wearing a Handmade Rainbow Evening Dress Outfit Gown Silkstone Barbie Fashion Royalty FR
on eBay at www.ebay.com/str/dollstudiobyeaki.
The New Issue of 1Sixth: The Fashion Issue is now for sale.
Elizabeth Taylor as repainted and restyled by artist Noel Cruz is featured in the new Magazine for 1Sixth.
About the Book
One of a Kind Artists for dolls from Integrity Toys, Hot Toys to Barbie with repainted and restyled dolls by Noel Cruz this feature is focused on fashion by designers such as Antonio Realli, Ryan Liang of SHANTOMMO and ElenPriv as well as fashions by Mattel and Dressmaker Details. If you are a doll collector then this beautiful book is for you or someone who collects.
Matte 80 Version (Printed $49.99):
www.blurb.com/b/10546843-1sixth
PDF Version is $9.99
GLOSS 70 Economy Version Magazine
www.blurb.com/b/10547194-1sixth
Print Version is $34.99
Author website
* Primary Category: Arts & Photography Books
* Additional Categories Coffee Table Books
* Project Option: US Letter, 8.5×11 in, 22×28 cm
* # of Pages: 192
* Publish Date: Jan 18, 2021
Magazines and books that feature photos from this account and 1Sixth.co (1sixth.co) & 1SixthWorld.com (1sixthworld.com) are available for order through Blurb.
Click this www.blurb.com/user/smckinnis for those books/magazines and ebooks. They are also available on iTunes.
Photos by Steve McKinnis of stevemckinnis.com
The 2021 theme for International Women's Day is 'ChooseTo Challenge' and my tribute is for a woman who did that in so many ways - my great friend of about 30 years - Mae Govan. It is with the blessing of her family that I post this photo I took of her as we played 'dueling cameras' back in 2007.
Mae's Aboriginal parents proudly welcomed Mae, their eldest child, into the world under a tree in outback Queensland, Australia. Little did they know back then what a trailblazing woman Mae would become.
A legend of a woman with such a colourful vibrant character, she overcame so many challenges, achieved much for so many yet was still so down to earth. She enjoyed sitting down under a tree in the outback talking with Aboriginal Traditional Owners and community members, and was just as comfortable leading large number of staff in her various high level managerial positions. As the first Aboriginal Alderman to the Katherine Town Council in the late 1980’s she was a powerful voice for our community and wasn’t afraid to voice her opinions or challenge decisions she didn’t feel were right.
I can’t sum up Mae's many adventures, challenges and triumphs over the years in so few words but will also cover another side to her in my next post. Read more about Mae here as well www.katherinetimes.com.au/story/7154477/katherines-women-...
After a courageous fight with cancer, Mae passed away on 5th December 2011 when she left for her next journey. She lives on in the hearts of her much loved family and those of us lucky enough to have known her. The world is a richer place for all that Mae contributed to it. Not good-bye, just till we meet again my friend.
Please respect the copyright of this photo and not use it without permission which includes that of Mae's family.
Happy International Women's Day to all of you wonderful women out there!
“Every woman is a queen, and we all have different things to offer.” – Queen Latifah
Oxford-educated Eglantyne Jebb was inspired by a burning need to be of some service to society. She first taught, then turned to studying social questions and later undertook relief work in Macedonia during World War I. In 1919, with her sister, Dorothy Buxton, she raised £1,000 to alleviate the post-war suffering of children in Austria. That fund, first working under the aegis of the Fight the Famine Council, became the Save The Children Fund. Eglantyne Jebb drafted a ‘Children's Charter: a declaration of the Rights of Childhood' in 1922. She acted as the honorary secretary of Save The Children in the 1920s and was also vice-president of the Save The Children International Union of Geneva; and acted as member of the League of Nations Advisory Committee on Child Protection. Her Children’s Charter, drafted in 1922, was adopted by the League of Nations in 1924 and as the ‘Declaration of the Rights of the Child’ was adopted in an extended form by the United Nations in 1959. In 1989 as the ‘Convention on the Rights of the Child’ it was adopted into international law by the United Nations General Assembly.
Text by Anne George, Archivist, Cadbury Research Library, University of Birmingham.
calmview.bham.ac.uk/Record.aspx?src=CalmView.Catalog&...
SCF/PP1423, Cadbury Research Library
Margery Fry, 1874-1958, Warden of University House; prison reformer. Sara Margery Fry was born into a Quaker family in London. She was educated at home and then spent a year at Penelope Lawrence’s boarding school at Brighton, later named Rodean. Her parents allowed her to attend Somerville College, Oxford in 1894, where she studied mathematics for three years but could not take a degree. She became Librarian at Somerville in 1899, and in 1904 she was appointed Warden at University House, the first women’s hall of residence at the University of Birmingham. She played an important role in the campaign for a purpose built hall of residence, and helped to create a supportive community of women students and staff there. She resigned as Warden in 1914 and worked with the Friends' War Victims Relief Committee in France during the First World War. She served with the Penal Reform League, later Howard League for Penal Reform from 1918 onwards. She was appointed a magistrate in 1921, and was one of the first women magistrates in Britain. In 1922 she was appointed education advisor to Holloway Prison. She was Principal of Somerville College from 1926 to 1931.
Text by Helen Fisher, University Archivist, Cadbury Research Library, University of Birmingham.
UC10/i/3, Cadbury Research Library
Cynthia Blanche Curzon was the second daughter of Lord George Nathaniel Curzon and Mary Leiter of Chicago. She spent her early childhood in India, where her father was Viceroy from 1898 to 1905. After returning to England, Cynthia and her sisters were largely educated at home, she spent two terms at The Links boarding school for girls in Eastbourne in 1916. She worked as a clerk at the War Office during the winter of 1917-1918, and also worked as a landgirl. She met Oswald Mosley in 1919 while campaigning for Nancy Astor, a friend of her father, in the Plymouth by-election. They were married in May 1920 and had three children. Cynthia strongly supported her husband in his early political career, and involved herself in public and charitable works in Harrow, where he was Conservative MP from 1919 to 1922 and Independent MP from 1922-1923. When he joined the Labour Party in 1924 she also became a member, and was selected as prospective parliamentary candidate for Stoke-on-Trent. She took a keen interest in labour conditions, unemployment and poverty She took an active role in Oswald Mosley's election campaigns during the 1920s and spoke at political meetings. In 1929 she was elected Labour MP for Stoke-on-Trent by a 7850-vote majority, the largest swing to Labour of the election and one of the largest majorities of any inter-war woman MP. She served until 1931 when she stood down due to ill health
Text by Helen Fisher, Archivist, Cadbury Research Library, University of Birmingham.
Anna Alma-Tadema (1867-1943)
Study of Chrysanthemums
1883
Watercolour and pencil on paper
Cadbury Research Library
Finding number: AT/1/Portfolio61/E2050
Dated 1883, probably made in London at Townshend House.
Anna Alma-Tadema (1867-1943) was younger daughter of the famous Victorian artist Sir Lawrence Alma-Tadema RA (1836-1912). She was an artist in her own right and exhibited her delicate watercolour paintings extensively, including at the Royal Academy. She was particularly known for capturing the lavishly decorated interiors of the Alma-Tadema family homes in London. Born in Brussels in 1867, her mother died when she was about two years old and in 1870 the family moved permanently to London: Anna, her father and her older sister Laurence. Anna was a supporter of Women's Suffrage.
Drawing from the collection of Sir Lawrence Alma-Tadema RA, Cadbury Research Library, Special Collections, University of Birmingham, UK.
Audrey Kathleen Court, 1913-2005, (nee Brown), UoB student; Olympic athlete; Family Planning reformer. Audrey Brown was born in India to Methodist missionary parents. She was educated in Birmingham from the age of nine, and studied Social and Political Science at the University of Birmingham from 1932, qualifying with a BA degree in 1936. She developed her interest in running while at the University, and was coached by W. W. Alexander of the Birchfield Harriers. She developed her ability as a sprinter, winning various university sports medals, and taking part in the World Student Games in Turin in 1933 as a member of the inter-university team. She was the first female member of the Birchfield Harriers club to compete at the Olympics, where, in Berlin in 1936, she won a silver medal for the 4 x 400 metres. Her four brothers were also athletes, and her brother Godfrey won gold at the 1936 Olympics for the 4 x 400 metres, as well as silver for the individual 400 metres. Audrey Brown gave up competitive running in 1938. She married her former tutor from the University of Birmingham, William Henry Bassano Court, on 30 March 1940. Audrey worked for the Birmingham Family Planning Association (FPA), and became chairman in 1961. She was actively involved in promoting the birth control pill and the right to abortion, and worked in particular with new ethnic minority communities and unmarried women. In 1991, she was appointed MBE for service to family planning in Birmingham.
Text by Helen Fisher, University Archivist, Cadbury Research Library, University of Birmingham.
USS22, Cadbury Research Library
Ada Maria Finney, 1886-1968, chemistry student and researcher. Ada Finney lived in Birmingham and attended Aston Grammar School. She enrolled at the University of Birmingham 1907 to study chemistry. She was awarded a BSc in 1912 and was the recipient of a research scholarship to carry out research in chemistry at Birmingham from 1912 to 1914. She was appointed Fellow of the Institute of Chemistry in 1915. She studied Physical Chemistry with Joseph Coates, lecturer in the subject at the University of Birmingham from 1911 to 1920, and they co-wrote articles on the rate of combination of nitric oxide and chlorine. They married in 1915. Joseph Coates was appointed Professor of Chemistry at University College, Swansea in 1920 and the couple moved to Wales. They later retired to Bath.
Text by Helen Fisher, University Archivist, Cadbury Research Library, University of Birmingham.
Image description: A black and white photograph of a young woman in long black dress and white collar, her hair piled on her head in a bun. She is standing next to a chemistry experiment with large glass bottles and flasks attached with rubber tubing. The high ceilinged laboratory has bare concrete beams.
UC10/i/4/2, Cadbury Research Library
Gladys Calthrop (1897-1980), artist and set designer, served as the designer on most of Noel Coward's plays and films. She was a close friend of Coward, who gave her the nickname ‘Blackheart’ or ‘Blackie’. Gladys was the daughter of Frederick and Mabel Treeby, born in Ashton, Devon. She was educated at Grassendale in Southbourne, attended finishing school in Paris, and later studied art at the Slade School of Fine Art in London. On her return from Paris, Gladys married the army captain Everard Calthrop, with whom she had one son, Hugo. The marriage ended in divorce, and Gladys later had affairs with actress Eva Le Gallienne, author Mercedes de Acosta and Patience Erksine.
Calthrop worked on a number of Noel Coward’s plays, including ‘The Vortex’ (1924), ‘Cavalcade’ (1931), ‘Words and Music’ (1932), ‘Operette’ (1938), ‘Blithe Spirit’ (1941) and ‘Pacific’ (1946). The working relationship between Calthrop and Coward ended in the 1950s, as Gladys was no longer seen as professional enough for Coward’s new business plans. In spite of this, they remained close friends until Coward’s death.
Text by Beth Cutts, Cadbury Research Library, University of Birmingham.
MS492, Cadbury Research Library
Gladys Boone, 1895-1982, UoB student; president of Guild of Students 1916; first recipient of Rose Sidgwick memorial fellowship Columbia University; Professor of Economics Sweetbriar College. Gladys Boone went to school in Newcastle-under-Lyme and enrolled at the University of Birmingham from 1913. She was President of the Guild of Students 1915-1916 and qualified with a BA in 1916 and MA in History in 1917. She worked at a Day School for Young Employees in Stirchley between 1917 and 1919 and was the first recipient of the Rose Sidgwick Memorial Scholarship held at Columbia University in New York 1919-1920. She went on to have an academic career in the United States, first as Instructor in charge of Industrial Relations Courses at Bryn Mawr College, Pennsylvania from 1920 to 1922, then as Assistant Professor at the Carnegie Institute of Technology, Pennsylvania from 1922 to 1931, and finally as Professor of Economics and Sociology at Sweet Briar College, Virginia from 1931 to 1960. Her main interest was in international labour relations, and she travelled in the USSR during the 1930s, and made research trips to France and Germany both after the Second World War.
Text by Helen Fisher, University Archivist, Cadbury Research Library, University of Birmingham.
UB/GUILD/I/16, Cadbury Research Library
Beatrice Chamberlain was the eldest child of Joseph Chamberlain. She attended the High School for Girls at Edgbaston, and was then sent to Les Ruches at Fontainebleau, to finish her education. Beatrice returned to Joseph Chamberlain's new home, Highbury, to organise his local political and social engagements there, as well as at his London residence, Princes Gardens. As a result, Beatrice developed an interest in local politics, and assisted her brother Austen in his duties as MP for East Worcestershire when he was elected in 1892. She also helped to establish the Women's Liberal Unionist Association in the constituency and addressed meetings. She continued her involvement with Unionist Associations in Birmingham and East Worcestershire after her move to London in 1915. Beatrice was also interested in social welfare work, particularly with women and children. She was a School Manager in London from the 1890s until her death, and was also active in the Children's Country Holidays Fund for Fulham and Kensington, and Hammersmith, serving on a number of committees. During the First World War she worked for the British Red Cross, and on Food Economy and War Savings committees. She died on 19 November 1918, one of the victims of the influenza epidemic of that year.
Text by Helen Fisher, University Archivist, Cadbury Research Library, University of Birmingham. C9/57/3.
Princess Marina was born into the Greek royal family in Athens, at age 11 the family were deposed and exiled. Her mother was the Grand Duchess Helen Vladimirovna of the Russian royal family. In 1934, she married Prince George, the Duke of Kent, who was the younger brother of the future Edward VIII and George VI. The Duke and Duchess of Kent were both friends of Noël Coward and corresponded with him. Prince George died in an aeroplane accident over Scotland in 1942. Princess Marina's children are Edward, the present Duke of Kent, Princess Alexandra and Prince Michael of Kent. This picture shows Princess Marina with her daughter Alexandra who was born on Christmas Day 1936.
Cadbury Research Library, University of Birmingham, COW/4/J/4/2
Dorothy Buxton co-founded the Save the Children Fund with her sister of Eglantyne Jebb in 1919. She attended Newnham College, Cambridge, where she studied political economy and social economics. There she met her husband Charles Roden Buxton and they married in 1904, Charles becoming MP for mid Devon before joining the Independent Labour Party. In 1917 Dorothy set up 'Notes from the Foreign Press', a service to translate articles from European newspapers for publication in the Foreign Press Section of the 'Cambridge Magazine'. Her aim was to spread awareness of the facts in isolation from their use as propaganda. With this knowledge of the conditions in Europe taken from press translations, Dorothy and Eglantyne joined with members of the Women's International League to form a new political pressure organisation, the 'Fight the Famine Council', which campaigned to put an end to the blockade on the defeated countries of the war. Dorothy was in charge of gathering information and kept detailed case books of each country. Eglantyne and Dorothy undertook speaking tours in London to argue for aid on humanitarian grounds and on the grounds that famine led to instability and revolution which would be against British interests. The sisters were convinced that immediate practical effort to help was needed as well as political pressure so was formed the Save the Children Fund, originally an off-shoot of the Fight the Famine Council. The organisation was the first to specifically focus aid efforts on children as the sisters felt they were being neglected by other aid organisations. Dorothy put her energies into using her and her husband's press contacts to gain support for the Fund and supplying information on the famine situation. Dorothy was less active in the Fund than her sister, after devoting herself to lobbying, leaving her contribution often unacknowledged. Dorothy resigned as honorary secretary of Save the Children in 1919 but remained on the council for years.
Text by Anne George, Archivist, Cadbury Research Library, University of Birmingham.
Nurse Mary Hawkins was awarded the Croix de Guerre for conspicuous bravery in nursing under fire with the Free French Forces in World War II. She then joined the Red Cross and worked with displaced persons in Germany and what was then Transjordan. She joined the Save the Children Fund in 1950, after the first Arab-Israeli war, and was appointed to undertake nursing work in Lebanon. She helped set up one of the first Palestinian refugee camps and later worked in Jordan; after a time in Korea helping treat refugee children, she went in 1956 to Austria to work in the aftermath of the Uprising. In 1957 she returned to Korea, both training nurses and acting as matron of the Children’s TB Sanatorium. She later returned to Jordan and also worked for shorter periods in Algiers and Dubai, finally retiring from Save the Children in 1972. Her 1959 MBE was followed by an appearance in ‘This is Your Life’ in 1964, an OBE in 1969, and the award of the Save the Children medal by Princess Anne in 1998.
Text by Anne George, Archivist, Cadbury Research Library, University of Birmingham.
Bridget Stevenson was born in Rajkot, India, and educated at Wycombe Abbey, Oxford University and Trinity College, Dublin where she gained a Diploma in Social Science in 1934. In the years after World War II she worked for UNRRA [United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration], and served in some of the worst concentration camps. She joined the Save the Children Fund in September 1949, working at the Uelzen Camp in Germany (and was known as the 'Angel of Uelzen'). She worked for 17 years with children in transit and DP [Displaced Persons] camps in Germany, for which she received the MBE and West German Order of Merit. She also worked with Hungarian refugees, supervised SCF relief work after the 1960 earthquake at Agadir, Morocco, set up a new programme for Save the Children in Algeria and led a relief team to Vietnam before becoming Field Director in Agadir. She retired from SCF in 1977.
Text by Anne George, Archivist, Cadbury Research Library, University of Birmingham.
Evelyn Crosskey was born in Birmingham, 11 October 1893. Her parents were Margaret Nettlefold (1871-1949), née Chamberlain, designer and John Sutton Nettlefold (1866-1930), social reformer and town planning pioneer, of Winterbourne House, Edgbaston. Educated at Edgbaston High School for Girls and Newnham College, Cambridge, she had a long-standing active involvement with the British Federation of University Women (now British Federation of Women Graduates) and National Council of Women. During the First World War she served as a recruiting officer with the Women’s Army Auxiliary Corps in Cardiff, Wales. She was Labour councillor for Washwood Heath, Birmingham 1945-1963, Alderman 1963-1971 and made an Honorary Member of the Council of the City of Birmingham in October 1971. She was chairman of the Board of Harborne Tenants Ltd and its first president. In 1918, she married John Henry Crosskey (1892-1951), MC who went on to graduate from the Medical School of the University of Birmingham in 1920. They had four children: Margaret Alice (b 1919), Roger Bensley (1921-1942), Henry Evelyn (b 1923) and Philip Harben (1926-2009). Evelyn died in Northampton, 7 July 1979. Cadbury Research Library has been unable to contact a copyright holder for this image; we shall be pleased to receive any information about it.
Text by Cadbury Research Library, University of Birmingham
MS876
Kathleen Grace Lloyd (1877-1976) was born in, Birmingham. She was the eldest of eight children of Frederick Holyoake and Eliza Jane Lloyd. Kathleen Lloyd trained as a nurse at the General Hospital, Birmingham, where she eventually became Assistant Matron. Lloyd was then appointed Matron at the First Southern General Hospital, Birmingham, where the Great Hall at the University was used as a military hospital during the First World War. For her work during the war, Lloyd was awarded the highest nursing decoration, the Royal Red Cross, and also 'La Médaille de la Reine Élisabeth avec croix rouge' by the King of the Belgium. After the war, Lloyd was appointed Matron of the Royal Lancaster Infirmary, where she stayed until her retirement (c. 1937). Lloyd did not marry but shared a great friendship with Annie Elizabeth Kerslake, who had also been a matron at the 1st Southern General Hospital. Kathleen Grace Lloyd died 7th October 1976. In notes about her life, Kathleen's nephew wrote "Though at the time of her birth, her parents were told by the doctor 'you'll never rear that one', she lived a successful and busy life for most of 99 years.
Text by Jennifer Childs, Archivist, Cadbury Research Library, University of Birmingham.
Cadbury Research Library MS44/2/1
Lynn Fontanne, whose original name was Lillie Louise Fontanne, was an American actress. She performed in over 24 theatrical productions with her husband Alfred Lunt; from Sweet Nell of Old Drury (1923) to The Visit (1958). They both had a long association with Noël Coward; his play Design for Living (1933) was written for them. Fontanne and Lunt both won Emmy Awards for their performances in Magnificent Yankee (1965). This image shows Noël Coward, Lord Louis Mountbatten, Graham Payn, Oona Chaplin (Charlie Chaplin’s wife), Lynn Fontanne, Charlie Chaplin and Alfred Lunt.
Text by Jessica Clark, Archivist, Cadbury Research Library, University of Birmingham.
Cadbury Research Library ref. COW/4/J/4/2/60
Gertrude Lawrence appeared in a number of plays and musicals in London's West End and on Broadway, New York. She is noted for her close friendship with Noël Coward and performances in his plays and musicals. This photograph dates from about 1940.
Cadbury Research Library, University of Birmingham, COW/4/J/4/2
Lady Stafford, formerly Lady Susannah Stewart, second daughter of the sixth Earl of Galloway, was the third wife of Granville Leveson-Gower, Earl Gower, created first Marquess of Stafford in1786. Their seat was Trentham Hall in Staffordshire, and their town house was in Whitehall, opposite Horse Guards. Lady Stafford’s letters to her daughter Charlotte, Marchioness of Worcester and later Duchess of Beaufort, 1774-1805, reflect the social life of women in late 18th century high society. Lady Stafford instructs her daughter in matters of education, religion, marriage and bringing up her children. Lady Stafford clearly took a keen interest in politics, and references are made to the trial of Marie Antoinette in France, and the British Government led by William Pitt. She also writes with social news and gossip, details of her reading matter, travels in England, changing fashions and the death of her husband in 1803.
Text by Anne George, Archivist, Cadbury Research Library, University of Birmingham.
Mosa Anderson was associated with the Save the Children Fund for many years, serving as a member of its Council 1933-1967. In 1916, on her return from Paris where as an accomplished linguist she had been studying Russian, she was asked by Dorothy Buxton to assist in the production of the 'Cambridge Magazine' which ran articles translated from foreign newspapers. In this capacity she acted as a Russian language translator. After the foundation of the Save the Children Fund in 1919 she moved to Manchester to continue with 'Notes from the Foreign Press' which had been taken over by the 'Manchester Guardian', and continued presiding over the editorial work until the end of 1921. Mosa Anderson attended a SCF Summer School and an Esperanto Conference in Geneva in the 1920s. In 1923, then in London, she became secretary to Charles Roden Buxton, MP, husband of Dorothy Buxton, Eglantyne Jebb's sister, joining him in investigating the situation of German refugees in France in the 1930s.
During World War II she worked on the establishment of residential nurseries in Britain and later, in April 1946, she went to Poland to organise post-war relief work, spending some 11 months there. She later worked in Germany.
Mosa Anderson was also a member of the Women's International League for Peace and Freedom; and was the author of several books including 'German and Europe's Future (National Peace Council, 1946), 'Noel Buxton: A Life' in 1952 (Noel Buxton was Dorothy Buxton's brother in law), and 'Henry Joseph Wilson: Fighter for Freedom' in 1953.
Text by Anne George, Archivist, Cadbury Research Library, University of Birmingham.
Born Lena Margaret Pocock, Lena Ashwell moved from England to Canada with her family when she was eight. After graduating from the University of Toronto, she studied music at the Lausanne Conservatoire, Switzerland and the Royal Academy of Music, London. She started her professional acting career in Malcolm Watson and Mrs Lancaster Wallis' production, 'The Pharisee', in 1891 and went on to become one of the most celebrated actresses of her era working alongside the likes of Ellen Terry and Henry Irving. In 1906, she took her first actor-manager role, managing the Savoy theatre. In 1908 she divorced her first husband, Arthur Wyndham Playfair, on the grounds of his ill-treatment of her, and married Sir Henry Simson (1872-1932), royal obstetrician and gynaecologist. She was an active supporter of the women's suffrage movement and became a member of the Actresses' Franchise League and, after the outbreak of the First World War, the Women's Emergency Corps. She was passionate about the value of drama and music and, supported by the Young Men’s Christian Association, organised companies of singers, musicians and actors to entertain the troops in England and at the Front during the War; she was awarded the Order of the British Empire for her work in 1917. After the War she set up touring companies taking classical theatre to local audiences across London as 'The Lena Ashwell Players'. Between 1922 and 1936, she wrote four books, including 'Modern Troubadors: a record of the concerts at the front' (Gyldendal, 1922).
Text by Cadbury Research Library, University of Birmingham
Sophia Loren, original name Sofia Villani Scicolone, was born in Rome, Italy in 1934. She became famous for her role in Aida in 1953 and won an Academy Award as 'Cesira' in Two Women (1960). International recognition for her acting career includes a lifetime achievement Oscar in 1991. This picture shows Victoria Wood, David Niven, Noël Coward, Sophia Loren and possibly David Niven's son. Loren was friends with Noël Coward.
Text by Jessica Clark, Archivist, Cadbury Research Library,
University of Birmingham.
Cadbury Research Library ref: COW/4/J/4/2/61
Mae West, whose original name was Mary Jane West, was an American stage and film actress. She appeared in vaudeville and Broadway shows; for example A La Broadway and Hello, Paris in 1911. She wrote, produced and starred in her own plays. Her scripts often challenged social attitudes, particularly towards sex. West is also famous for her screenplays and film roles; such as I'm No Angel (1933), Belle of the Nineties (1934) and Klondike Annie (1936). Her film career continued into the 1970s and her final role was in 1979 with Sextette. This image shows her with Noël Coward on her left and Cary Grant on her right.
Cadbury Research Library, University of Birmingham, COW/4/J/4/2/1
Julia Emily Sass of London went out to Sierra Leone with the Church Mission Society 10 November 1848 as superintendent of the ‘Female Institution’ later the ‘Annie Walsh Memorial School’, Freetown. The decision to commit to the life of a missionary was not an easy one as her mother was determinedly against it. Nevertheless, convinced of her vocation, Julia served overseas for 21 years, managing and teaching at the school despite frequent bouts of ill health. Her correspondence with CMS headquarters in England gives news of pupils including Sarah Forbes Bonnetta, Egbado princess and protégé of Queen Victoria. Julia retired to England July 1869. She lived more than 20 years in England before her death 20 October 1891.
Text by Cadbury Research Library
CMS/ACC314 Z1
Born in America to Irish immigrant parents, Laurette Taylor (born Loretta Cooney), began her stage career performing in vaudeville as 'La Belle Laurette'. She successfully made the transition to adult actor achieving great popularity and acclaim. After divorcing Charles A. Taylor, Laurette married British playwright and actor, J. Hartley Manners (1870-1928) in 1912. She acted in several of her husband's plays and is best known for her lead role in 'Peg o' My Heart' which Manners wrote in 1912. When a silent film version of Peg was released by Metro Pictures Corporation in 1922, Laurette again played the lead. The couple moved in the heart of New York's artistic circle and their friends included Noel Coward (1899-1973), the British actor, playwright, composer and lyricist, whom they met in 1921 when he first visited New York. Suffering with depression and alcoholism, Laurette performed very little after Manners’ untimely death in 1928, but went on to give one of the performances of her career as Amanda Wingfield in the New York premiere of 'The Glass Menagerie' by Tennesse Williams in 1945. She died 7 December 1946. Image from L. Taylor 'The greatest of these' New York: G. H. Doran, [c 1918]. Text by Cadbury Research Library, University of Birmingham
Caroline Westcombe Pumphrey was born in 1845 to Stanley Pumphrey, a Worcester tallow chandler, and his wife Mary. As a child Caroline spent time with her maternal aunt, and uncle, a grocer and draper in Charlbury, Oxfordshire, and she later settled there. She was a member of the Society of Friends (Quakers) she was a committee member for the Missionary Helpers Union of the Friends Foreign Mission. The MHU was established in 1882 with the aim to encourage support for missions by prayer and by promotion of their work and to raise funds. Caroline developed an active interest in Quaker work in India and among her several works was 'Samuel Baker of Hoshangabad: a sketch of Friends' missions in India' in 1900. She also compiled a history of the ‘Bombay Guardian’ newspaper of which, from 1899, her brother-in-law Henry Stanley Newman was the general proprietor. That paper, a general weekly Christian periodical managed by the Society of Friends, was first published in 1851 for the Indian branch of the Society for the Abolition of the State Regulation of Vice.
Text by Anne George, Archivist, Cadbury Research Library, University of Birmingham
Maria Edgeworth was the third daughter of Richard Lovell Edgeworth (1744-1817), inventor, educator and writer. The family lived in Edgeworthstown in County Longford, Ireland, where Richard Edgeworth owned an extensive estate and Maria, who was one of 22 children by her father's four wives, was heavily involved in the education of her brothers and sisters. In later years she also helped to manage the family estate in Ireland and the business affairs of her brothers Charles Sneyd (1790-1864) and Francis Edgeworth (1809-1846). In her own right, she was an important figure in the history of women's writing and also in the history of education, particularly in the promotion of education of women. Her first works were Letters for Literary Ladies (1795) in which she defended female education and two volumes on Practical Education (1798), written in conjunction with her father. Her first novel, Castle Rackrent, appeared in 1800 and she continued to produce works of fiction, including children's stories, up to 1834 when her last novel, Helen, was published. She is considered to have been a literary influence on a number of other writers including Sir Walter Scott, and Thackeray and Jane Austen is known to have been an admirer of her works. A small collection of letters written by Maria Edgeworth is held by CRL.
Text by Anne George, Archivist, Cadbury Research Library, University of Birmingham.
MELAdd/25, Cadbury Research Library
Estella Canziani was born in Italy 12 January 1887, daughter of the artist, Louisa Starr (1845-1909) and Enrico Canziani (1848-1931), civil engineer. She studied at the Royal Academy Schools, London. Although based in London through her life, she lived for a short while in Oxford during World War II and travelled and exhibited widely in London and Europe.
Her passion for collecting, European folklore and ethnographic art, is reflected in her painting and travel writing. During the First World War, her interest in medical subjects took her into hospitals where she painted scientific watercolours and moulded plaster casts. Copies of her best known work, ‘The Piper of Dreams’ (1914), proved a huge hit with the troops serving overseas. She was a member of the Folklore Society, the Royal Society of British Artists and a Fellow of the Royal Geographical Society. The most extensive collection of her paintings is held by Birmingham Museum and Art Gallery.
Canziani’s monogram of a star inside the letter 'C' can be seen in the bottom left-hand corner of this watercolour of surgeon and medical missionary, Dr Harald Gunther Berkowitz (1896-1952).
Born to Jewish parents in Königsberg, East Prussia (now Kaliningrad, Russia), Berkowitz is understood to have spent time in concentration camps before managing to get to England in 1939. He spent several months as an internee in the UK in 1940; he also worked as a surgeon at the Wingfield-Morris Orthopaedic Hospital, Oxford before going out to India under the Church Mission Society 1946-1952. Canziani painted the portrait in 1948, the year that Berkowitz was naturalised as a British citizen; Canziani herself stood as one of his referees.
Cadbury Research Library has been unable to contact a copyright holder for this painting; we shall be pleased to receive any information about it. CMS/M/Z3
Joyce Carey was the daughter of Lilian Braithwaite and Gerald Lawrence; both successful actors. She had a long stage career of nearly 70 years and performed in many of Noël Coward's plays, such as Tonight at 8.30 (1936), Blithe Spirit (1940s), Present Laughter (1942, 1947) and This Happy Breed (1943). Joyce Carey also had a film and television career, appearing in In Which We Serve (1942), Brief Encounter (1945) and The End of the Affair (1954).
Cadbury Research Library, University of Birmingham, COW/4/J/4/2
Sarah Ponsonby (1755-1831) lived initially in Woodstock, County Kilkenny, Ireland. Sarah Ponsonby met Lady Eleanor Butler in 1768 and became involved in a romantic friendship. In 1778, rather than be forced into arranged marriages by their respective families, they left Ireland and set up home together in Wales. The house they shared for over 50 years until their deaths was situated near the town of Llangollen, and they were known as ‘The Ladies of Llangollen’. They were well known for buying large quantities of books, and we have a note concerning payment for books to Lackington, Allen & Co., written by Sarah Ponsonby in 1812. Ref: BU/5.
Text by Jennifer Childs, Archivist, Cadbury Research Library, University of Birmingham.
Hester Norris (1910-1991) was a member of the Midland Association of Mountaineers from 1949 to 1965. She visited the Alps regularly during the 1930s-1950s and as such was regarded as an early female Alpinist. Her collection of diaries include two volumes which refer to Association expeditions in Norway and in northern Italy. In 1955 Norris suffered a stroke and this curtailed her mountaineering activities.
Text by Mark Eccleston, Archivist, Cadbury Research Library, University of Birmingham.
Elizabeth (Elsie) Impey, 1877-1915, medical student; first woman president of the Guild of Students.
Elizabeth Stephens Impey, known as Elsie, was brought up in a Quaker family in Northfield, Birmingham. When she left school she trained at Madam Bergman Österberg’s Physical Training College at Dartford, Kent, and then taught physical drill exercises to school children and families while living at home between 1897 and 1903. She then studied medicine at the University of Birmingham and became the first women President of the Guild of Students 1907-1908. She played important roles in establishing the Women’s Club at the University, and in formulating a new constitution for the Guild of Students. Elsie qualified in medicine in order to work for the Women’s Medical Service in India, and received an offer to work as Medical Officer at the Dufferin Hospital for Women in Lahore in November 1915. The ship she was travelling on was torpedoed off the coast of Crete on 30 December 1915 and she was drowned after helping a large number of passengers into lifeboats.
Text by Helen Fisher, University Archivist, Cadbury Research Library, University of Birmingham
Vivien Leigh, whose original name was Vivian Mary Hartley, was a British actress. She is famous for her role as Scarlett O'Hara in David O Selznick's production of Margaret Mitchell's novel Gone with the Wind (1939), for which she won an Academy Award. Her portrayal as Blanche DuBois in A Streetcar Named Desire (1951) earned her a second Academy Award. She is also known for her marriage to the actor Laurence Olivier. This picture shows her in Noël Coward's South Sea Bubble in 1956. Photograph credit: Angus McBean Photograph, copyright Houghton Library, Harvard University.
Text by Jessica Clark, Archivist, Cadbury Research Library, University of Birmingham. COW/2/E/1/34/2
Jean Overton Fuller was born 7 March 1915, the daughter of Captain John Henry Fuller, army officer (d 1914), and Violet Overton Fuller, artist (d 1967). She graduated from the University of London with a degree in English, acted in repertory theatre and, during World War II, worked for the Postal Censorship office in London. She was a keen painter and, after training at the Academie Julien in Paris, went on to exhibit as an artist and to illustrate her own books. Her first literary work, a volume of poetry, was published by Unwin Brothers in 1942 ('My love to thee: poems written to H. H.'). She is best known for her biographies, including that of her friend, British Special Operations Executive agent, Noor Inayat Khan (initially released as 'Madeleine' in 1952) and was persistent in researching her subjects through personal interviews and correspondence including conversing for several years with Henri Déricourt (1909-1962), an SOE officer alleged to have passed information to the Germans. She also wrote on spiritualism and the occult and was a regular contributor to the periodical, 'Theosophical History'. In the 1960s she established the publishing company, Fuller d'Arch Smith, with her partner, Timothy D'Arch Smith. She died 8 April 2009. The image is an illustration by Jean Overton Fuller for a volume of poetry issued under the title, ‘Tintagel’, Sceptre Press, 1970. Text by Cadbury Research Library, University of Birmingham
Maude Royden campaigned for the ordination of women into the Anglican Church. Educated at Lady Margaret Hall, Oxford, she first worked at a settlement for poor women in Liverpool and then moved to Rutland to work for the Rev Hudson Shaw, a prominent figure in the Oxford University extension movement. She there began public speaking and in later life became a renowned speaker and preacher. Her interests lay in the women’s rights, in the church and in the franchise, and served as the first chairman of the Church League for Suffrage and vice-president of the Women’s International League for Peace and Freedom. In 1917 she became pulpit minister at the non-conformist City Temple in London, and in 1921 founded the Guildhouse, an ecumenical place of worship where she herself was minister. In 1929 she began the official campaign for the ordination of women. She was a staunch supporter of the Save the Children Fund from the first and attended one of its summer schools in Geneva, in 1924. A fellow attender classed her among other influential preachers in Geneva, the Reformation theologian John Calvin, and Eglantyne Jebb, founder of Save The Children.
Text by Anne George, Archivist, Cadbury Research Library, University of Birmingham.
Hilda Chamberlain, 1872-1967, National Treasurer of the Women's Institutes. Hilda Chamberlain was interested in welfare work from an early age. She helped her older half-sister, Beatrice, in her work for the Children’s Country Holidays Fund in London in the 1890s, and worked with her sister, Ida, to arrange events for members of the London Pupil Teachers Association. She was also a School Board Manager. When she and Ida moved to Odiham, Hampshire in 1915, Hilda became involved in local food production initiatives during the First World War. Her main interest was in welfare work with women and children, and she became an officer of the County Nursing Association. She established the Odiham branch of the Women's Institute in 1919, and was its first President. During the 1920s and 1930s she became deeply involved in the running of the Hampshire County Federation of Women’s Institutes, and organised a campaign to make changes to the constitution of the National Federation. In 1936 she was appointed treasurer to the National Federation of Women's Institutes. As well as becoming more heavily involved in the work of the Women's Institute to increase food production and preservation during the Second World War, she was also appointed chairman of the Nursing Emergency committee to recruit volunteers to be part-time nurses in civilian hospitals in 1939.
Text by Helen Fisher, University Archivist, Cadbury Research Library, University of Birmingham.
Suzanne Ferrière, of Geneva, was inspired to humanitarian work by her uncle, Frederic Ferrière, a Swiss doctor and long-serving member of the Comité International de la Croix-Rouge [International Committee of the Red Cross] in Geneva. Suzanne worked as a member of the ICRC for nearly 30 years, and through her services in its Relief Section met Eglantyne Jebb, founder of the Save the Children Fund: she became the Assistant Secretary of the Save the Children International Union in Geneva, and worked closely with Eglantyne during her frequent visits who called her her ‘international sister’. She worked too for the International Union for Child Welfare and contributed to the founding of the International Migration Service, serving as its secretary-general until 1945. Suzanne visited Russia, South America, Palestine and elsewhere in the course of her Red Cross and SCF work and wrote several books, including ‘Les Etats-Unis au secours de l’Europe, 1918-1923’ and contributed to the ICRC journal ‘International Review’ with important articles including ‘The Activities of National Societies in War and Peace’.
Text by Anne George, Archivist, Cadbury Research Library, University of Birmingham.
Ianthe Theodora Heron-Allen (active 1904-1943) was born in 1904, the elder daughter of Edward Heron-Allen (1861-1943), solicitor, zoologist, writer and Persian scholar noted for translating the works of Omar Khayyam (1048-1131). Relatively little is know about the life of Ianthe. In 1921 both Ianthe and her father are listed as fellows of the Zoological Society of London. Their address is given as 33 Hamilton Terrace, St John's Wood, London. Internal evidence from the volume of playbills suggests that Ianthe was possibly an actress at some stage of her life. She is known to have survived her father who died on 28 March 1943 at Large Acres. Her younger sister, Armorel, had died tragically in a car crash in 1930. Armorel had graduated from Lady Margaret Hall, Oxford with a first class degree in zoology only two weeks earlier. The Cadbury Research Library holds an album of programmes and playbills collected by Ianthe, the majority of which have been annotated with the date when she presumably attended each performance.
Text by Mark Eccleston, Archivist, Cadbury Research Library, University of Birmingham.
Ethel Sidgwick was a popular novelist and member of the Save the Children Fund Council. Educated at Oxford High School and brought up in intellectual circles, her first novel ‘Promise’ was published in 1910 and she went on to write a dozen novels, children’s plays and a biography of her aunt, who was Principal of Newnham College, Cambridge. Her literary skills were put to use in helping Eglantyne Jebb, later founder of the Save the Children Fund, to translate overseas newspapers for the 'Cambridge Magazine'. She was a staunch supporter of Save the Children from its foundation in 1919, serving as a member of Council, member of the Management Committee and chair of the Schools Sub-committee. She wrote several articles for its magazine ‘World’s Children’, and adapted into verse the Declaration of Geneva, originally composed by Eglantyne Jebb, the charity’s founder.
Text by Anne George, Archivist, Cadbury Research Library, University of Birmingham
Lady Muriel Paget, daughter of the twelfth earl of Winchilsea was a philanthropist and humanitarian relief worker. Prior to WWI she founded soup kitchens for the poor in several districts of London but in 1915, after the birth of her fifth child, she widened her sphere of activities to focus on relief work in Eastern Europe and Russia. She organised field hospitals for the military wounded and food kitchens for the civilian population and during the Russian famine attempted to set up child welfare centres and nurse training. She worked closely with the Save the Children Fund, travelling tirelessly on the 'Lady Paget Missions', writing to raise funds and lobbying to encourage support. She was appointed OBE in 1918 and CBE in 1938, and received decorations from countries including Russian, Romania, Czechoslovakia, Lithuania and Latvia. She served on the SCF Council 1922-1929, and thereafter as a vice-president until 1938.
Text by Anne George, Archivist, Cadbury Research Library, University of Birmingham.
SCF/P/2/9, Cadbury Research Library